ORCID Profile
0000-0001-6097-4235
Current Organisation
University of Western Australia
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Crop and Pasture Production | Plant Improvement (Selection, Breeding And Genetic Engineering) | Plant Biochemistry And Physiology | Plant Physiology | Crop and Pasture Biochemistry and Physiology | Biochemistry And Cell Biology Not Elsewhere Classified | Biochemistry and Cell Biology | Zoology Not Elsewhere Classified | Microbiology | Plant Nutrition | Plant Biology | Agronomy | Post Harvest Technologies (Transportation And Storage) | Natural Resource Management | Accounting, Auditing and Accountability not elsewhere classified | Organisation and Management Theory | Agricultural Biotechnology | Law | Virology | Cell Development (Incl. Cell Division And Apoptosis) | Invertebrate Biology | Communications Technologies Not Elsewhere Classified | Corporate Governance and Stakeholder Engagement | Soil Sciences | Social and Cultural Anthropology | Botany Not Elsewhere Classified | Intellectual Property Law | Biotechnology Not Elsewhere Classified | Soil Biology | Soil Chemistry | Quantitative Genetics (incl. Disease and Trait Mapping Genetics) | Plant Physiology | Business and Management | Gene Expression | Crop and Pasture Improvement (Selection and Breeding) | Crop and Pasture Nutrition | Plant Pathology | Farm Management, Rural Management and Agribusiness | Investment and Risk Management |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Grain legumes | Field crops | Oilseeds | Environmentally Sustainable Plant Production not elsewhere classified | Application tools and system utilities | Canola | Grain Legumes | Wheat | Economic Framework not elsewhere classified | Land and water management | Biological sciences | Management | Climate Change Adaptation Measures | Expanding Knowledge in Law and Legal Studies | Scientific instrumentation | Management and Productivity not elsewhere classified | Native vegetation | Expanding Knowledge in the Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences | Sown legumes
Related Links
Publications
Flower numbers, pod production, pollen viability, and pistil function are reduced and flower and pod abortion increased in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under terminal drought
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-10-2010
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERP307
Chilling tolerance in maize: agronomic and physiological approaches
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/CP08427
Abstract: Maize is a C4 plant species with higher temperature optima than C3 plant species. Growth and productivity of maize are severely constrained by chilling stress. Here, we review the effects of chilling stress on growth, phenology, water and nutrient relations, anatomy, and photosynthesis in maize. Several management strategies to cope with chilling stress are also proposed. In maize, chilling stress is known to reduce leaf size, stem extension and root proliferation, disturb plant water relations, and impede nutrient uptake. Chilling stress in maize is a complex phenomenon with physiological and biochemical responses at both cellular and whole-organ level. CO2 assimilation by leaves is reduced mainly due to membrane damage, photoinhibition, and disturbed activity of various enzymes. Enhanced metabolite flux through the photorespiratory pathway increases the oxidative load on tissues as both processes generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Injury caused by ROS to macromolecules under chilling stress is one of the major deterrents to growth. Low-molecular-weight osmolytes, including glycinebetaine, proline, and organic acids, are crucial in sustaining cellular function under chilling stress. Plant growth substances such as salicylic acid, gibberellic acid, and abscisic acid modulate the response of maize to chilling stress. Polyamines and several enzymes act as antioxidants and reduce the adverse effects of chilling stress. Chilling tolerance in maize can be managed through the development and selection of chilling-tolerant genotypes by breeding and genomic approaches. Agronomic approaches such as exogenous application of growth hormones and osmoprotectants to seeds or plants, and early vigour, can also aid in chilling tolerance.
Screening wheat germplasm for seedling root architectural traits under contrasting water regimes: potential sources of variability for drought adaptation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2018
Interactive effect of 24-epibrassinolide and silicon alleviates cadmium stress via the modulation of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems and macronutrient content in Pisum sativum L. seedlings
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-07-2018
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of near-isogenic lines targeting a major 4BL QTL responsible for pre-harvest sprouting in wheat
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-08-2019
Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Varieties and Seed Pre-Treatments Affect Seed Germination and Early Growth of Seedlings
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-12-2021
Abstract: Seed germination and seedling growth are two essential early determinants of subsequent crop yield and quality. A high germination percentage of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed is required to import into Australia. The viability of hemp seed can decline rapidly depending on storage and other factors hence, the quality of imported seed is not always reliable. Here, we aimed to investigate germination and early seedling growth responses of 14 industrial hemp varieties after being imported from various countries. Germination trials were conducted with 100 seeds of 14 varieties using a soil-less Petri dish assay and a compost growth medium under glasshouse conditions. We also assessed the effect of seed pre-treatments such as gibberellic acid (500 and 1000 mg·L−1), chlorine dioxide (500 and 1000 mg·L−1) and cold temperature (4 °C for 72 h) using 300 seeds of each of the three selected varieties in compost growth medium. Hemp varieties imported from China had higher germination and better seedling growth indices than those imported from Europe. All seed pre-treatments were associated with a decreasing trend in germination, but a positive effect on early growth responses was observed. Our findings indicate that the hemp variety Han FNQ performed better than many other varieties did regarding seed germination and seedling growth. Hemp seeds sanitising with 500 mg·L−1 of chlorine dioxide might improve the germination and early growth of seedlings.
Adaptation of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica l.) to high and low altitudes in Bali, Indonesia
Publisher: UNS Solo
Date: 19-10-2020
Abstract: Abstract. Astarini IA, Defiani MR, Suriani NL, Griffiths PD, Stefanova K, Siddique KHM. 2020. Adaptation of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) to high and low altitudes in Bali, Indonesia. Bio ersitas 21: 5263-5269. Broccoli is an important vegetable worldwide, with expanding markets and opportunities in Asia. In Indonesia, there is demand from high-end hotels, restaurants, and export markets, but the local supply is low quality and low yielding. Crown cuts are typically small and misshapen as the varieties are grown are not adapted to local environments. This study targeted new broccoli varieties to identify those best adapted to environmental stresses in Bali, Indonesia, using two-site replicated field experiments. Experiments were undertaken in two regions in Bali (Bedugul and Tabanan) using 13 commercial varieties that included heat-sensitive varieties and others identified as heat-tolerant in trials on the East Coast of the USA. The trials evaluated the varieties for crown initiation, days to maturity, crown size at harvest, crown diameter, and overall performance. The study demonstrated that all 13 varieties could be used for broccoli production in the Bedugul region (1200 m a.s.l. altitude), with Castle Dome being the best performer due to its earlier maturity and large high-quality crown. The varieties Bay Meadows, Belstar, Imperial, and Sarasota could be used in the Tabanan region.
Research and developmental issues in dryland agriculture
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
iPASTIC : An online toolkit to estimate plant abiotic stress indices
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1002/APS3.11278
Vegetative and reproductive growth of salt-stressed chickpea are carbon-limited
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-05-2017
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERW177
Trehalose: A sugar molecule involved in temperature stress management in plants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Salt sensitivity of the vegetative and reproductive stages in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): Podding is a particularly sensitive stage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
Nexus of grazing management with plant and soil properties in northern China grasslands
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-02-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41597-020-0375-0
Abstract: Grasslands provide habitats for living organisms and livelihoods for ~800 million people globally. Many grasslands in developing countries are severely degraded. Some measures have been taken to curb the trend of degradation for decades. It is important to determine how decade-long rejuvenation efforts affected grassland ecosystems. We identified 65 data-rich studies based on six criteria, from relevant publications, and generated a dataset with 997 rows and 12 variables. The dataset covers different grazing intensities (grazing exclusion, light, moderate, and heavy grazing) and their impacts on plant traits (vegetation coverage, aboveground and root biomass, and plant ersity) and soil physiochemical properties (bulk density, moisture content, organic C, total and available N, total and available P, C:N ratio, and pH). The dataset could be used to (i) quantify the effectiveness of rejuvenation processes by determining the impact on plant community and soil properties, (ii) perform comprehensive analyses to elucidate large-picture effects of grazing management and rejuvenation, and (iii) analyze the impact of grass–climate–soil–human interactions on grassland ecosystem sustainability.
The journey from two-step to multi-step phosphorelay signaling systems
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date: 12-04-2021
DOI: 10.2174/1389202921666210105154808
Abstract: The two-component signaling (TCS) system is an important signal transduction machinery in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, excluding animals, that uses a protein phosphorylation mechanism for signal transmission. Prokaryotes have a primitive type of TCS machinery, which mainly comprises a membrane- bound sensory histidine kinase (HK) and its cognate cytoplasmic response regulator (RR). Hence, it is sometimes referred to as two-step phosphorelay (TSP). Eukaryotes have more sophisticated signaling machinery, with an extra component - a histidine-containing phosphotransfer (HPT) protein that shuttles between HK and RR to communicate signal baggage. As a result, the TSP has evolved from a two-step phosphorelay (His–Asp) in simple prokaryotes to a multi-step phosphorelay (MSP) cascade (His–Asp–His–Asp) in complex eukaryotic organisms, such as plants, to mediate the signaling network. This molecular evolution is also reflected in the form of considerable structural modifications in the domain architecture of the in idual components of the TCS system. In this review, we present TCS system's evolutionary journey from the primitive TSP to advanced MSP type across the genera. This information will be highly useful in designing the future strategies of crop improvement based on the in idual members of the TCS machinery.
Modelling root plasticity and response of narrow-leafed lupin to heterogeneous phosphorus supply
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-05-2013
Growth, yield and neurotoxin (ODAP) concentration of three Lathyrus species in Mediterranean-type environments of western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1071/EA9960209
Abstract: The growth, phenology, grain yield and neurotoxin (ODAP) content of Lathyrus sativus, L. cicera and L. ochrus were compared with a locally adapted field pea (Pisum sativum L.) to examine their potential as grain legumes in Western Australian farming systems. About 17 lines of each species were obtained from ICARDA, Syria, and grown at 3 agro-climatically different sites. In general, the 3 species were later flowering than field pea, especially L. cicera and L. ochrus however, L. sativus was the last species to mature. The best Lathyrus lines produced biomass near flowering similar to field pea. At the most favourable site, grain yields were up to 1.6, 2.6 and 1.7 t/ha for L. sativus, L. cicera and L. ochrus respectively, compared with a field pea grain yield of 3.1 t/ha. There was considerable genotype and environmental variation in ODAP concentration in the seed. On average, the ODAP concentration of L. ochrus (6.58 mg/g) was about twice that of L. sativus, and L. cicera had the lowest ODAP concentration (1.31 mg/g). Given that Lathyrus spp. have not had the same breeding effort as field pea and other grain legumes in Australia, these results encourage further selection or breeding. In the shor-tseasoned, mediterranean-type environment of Western Australia, harvest indices and grain yields could be improved with early flowering. Low ODAP concentration should also be sought.
Assessment of greenhouse gases emissions, global warming potential and net ecosystem economic benefits from wheat field with reduced irrigation and nitrogen management in an arid region of China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Rainfall affects leaching of pre-emergent herbicide from wheat residue into the soil
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 02-2019
Management options for minimizing the damage by ascochyta blight (Ascochyta Rabiei) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2006
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seeds darken rapidly and phenolic content falls when stored at higher temperature, moisture and light intensity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2009
Bacterial biomarkers are linked more closely to wheat yield formation than overall bacteria in fertilized soil
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-11-2022
DOI: 10.1002/LDR.4535
Abstract: Soil bacteria play pivotal roles in agroecosystem functioning. However, the immense ersity of soil bacterial communities masks the effects of some species, such as bacterial biomarkers, on soil nutrient cycling and crop growth. We analyzed biological and chemical soil parameters of five fertilization treatments (CK, LN, CN, HN, LNM: 0, 150, 200, 250 kg N hm −2 , 150 kg N hm −2 + 15,000 kg hm −2 sheep manure). The random forest models were used to select bacterial biomarkers and assess the contributions of bacterial biomarkers and overall bacteria to wheat yield. Moreover, we used a partial least squares path modelling to explore the relationship between fertilization, bacterial biomarkers, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling functions, soil nutrients, and wheat yield. The results showed that bacterial biomarkers are better predictors of wheat yield than overall bacteria, explaining 52.54% and 16.00% of the variation in yield, respectively. Bacterial biomarkers affected wheat production by increasing soil organic carbon, and available nitrogen content. The LNM treatment significantly improved the relative abundance of beneficial biomarkers, such as Sphingomonadales, Xanthomonadaceae, Lysobacter, and Streptomyces, compared to the LN treatment. In addition, the LNM treatment promoted chitinlysis, cellulolysis, xylanolysis, aromatic hydrocarbon degradation, and aerobic ammonia oxidation, relative to the other inorganic N treatments (LN, CN, and HN). Our results emphasize the role of bacterial biomarkers in wheat yield formation, providing new insights into maintaining agricultural productivity by taking advantage of soil bacterial biomarkers.
Water deficits: Development
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 23-07-2014
Using the animal model to accelerate response to selection in a self-pollinating crop
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-2015
Abstract: We used the animal model in S0 (F1) recurrent selection in a self-pollinating crop including, for the first time, phenotypic and relationship records from self progeny, in addition to cross progeny, in the pedigree. We tested the model in Pisum sativum, the autogamous annual species used by Mendel to demonstrate the particulate nature of inheritance. Resistance to ascochyta blight (Didymella pinodes complex) in segregating S0 cross progeny was assessed by best linear unbiased prediction over two cycles of selection. Genotypic concurrence across cycles was provided by pure-line ancestors. From cycle 1, 102/959 S0 plants were selected, and their S1 self progeny were intercrossed and selfed to produce 430 S0 and 575 S2 in iduals that were evaluated in cycle 2. The analysis was improved by including all genetic relationships (with crossing and selfing in the pedigree), additive and nonadditive genetic covariances between cycles, fixed effects (cycles and spatial linear trends), and other random effects. Narrow-sense heritability for ascochyta blight resistance was 0.305 and 0.352 in cycles 1 and 2, respectively, calculated from variance components in the full model. The fitted correlation of predicted breeding values across cycles was 0.82. Average accuracy of predicted breeding values was 0.851 for S2 progeny of S1 parent plants and 0.805 for S0 progeny tested in cycle 2, and 0.878 for S1 parent plants for which no records were available. The forecasted response to selection was 11.2% in the next cycle with 20% S0 selection proportion. This is the first application of the animal model to cyclic selection in heterozygous populations of selfing plants. The method can be used in genomic selection, and for traits measured on S0-derived bulks such as grain yield.
Investigating drought tolerance in chickpea using genome-wide association mapping and genomic selection based on whole-genome resequencing data
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 19-02-2018
Organic and inorganic fertilizers combined with a water-saving technique increased soil fertilities and apple production in a rainfed hilly orchard
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Seed Endophyte bacteria enhance drought stress tolerance in Hordeum vulgare by regulating, physiological characteristics, antioxidants and minerals uptake
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 05-10-2022
Abstract: Growth stimulating bacteria help remediate dry arid soil and plant stress. Here, Pseudomonas sp. and Pantoea sp. we used to study the stress ecology of Hordeum vulgare and the environmental impact of water deficit on soil characteristics, growth, photosynthesis apparatus, mineral acquisition and antioxidiant defense. Plants inoculated with Pseudomonas or Pantoea had significantly higher (about 2 folds) soil carbon flux (soil respiration), chlorophyll levels (18%), net photosynthetic rate (33% in Pantoea and 54% in Pseudomonas ), (44%) stomatal conductance than uninoculated plants in stressed conditions. Both bacterial strains improved leaf growth (23-29%) and root development under well-watered conditions but reduced around (25%) root biomass under drought. Plants inoculated with Pseudomonas or Pantoea under drought also increased of about 27% leaf respiration and transpiration (48%) but decreased water use efficiency, photoinhibition (91%), and the risk of oxidative stress (ETR/A) (49%). Drought stress increased most of the studied antioxidant enzymatic activities in the plants inoculated with Pseudomonas or Pantoea , which reduce the membrane damage and protect plants form oxidative defenses. Drought stress increased K + acquisition around 50% in both shoots inoculated with Pseudomonas or Pantoea relative to non-stressed plants. Plants inoculated with Pseudomonas or Pantoea increased shoot Na + while root Na + only increased in plants inoculated with Pseudomonas in stressed conditions. Drought stress increased shoot Mg 2+ in plants inoculated with Pseudomonas or Pantoea but did not affect Ca 2+ relative to non-stressed plants. Drought stress increased about 70% K + /Na + ratio only in plants inoculated with Pseudomonas relative to non-stressed plants. Our results indicate that inoculating barley with the studied bacterial strains increases plant biomass and can therefore play a role in the environmental remediation of drylands for food production.
Root Distribution, Agronomic Performance, and Phosphorus Utilization in Wheat as Mediated by Phosphorus Placement under Rainfed Coastal Saline Conditions
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-10-2023
Effects of Drought Stress on Morphophysiological Traits, Biochemical Characteristics, Yield, and Yield Components in Different Ploidy Wheat
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2017
Boron contamination and its risk management in terrestrial and aquatic environmental settings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Both male and female malfunction contributes to yield reduction under water stress during meiosis in bread wheat
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 10-01-2017
Faba bean breeding for drought-affected environments: A physiological and agronomic perspective
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2010
Contrasting responses to drought stress in herbaceous perennial legumes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-07-2011
High nutrients surplus led to deep soil nitrate accumulation and acidification after cropland conversion to apple orchards on the Loess Plateau, China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Biochar
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 05-12-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FPLS.2022.1018646
Abstract: The interest in sustainable horticulture has recently increased, given anthropogenic climate change. The increasing global population will exacerbate the climate change situation induced by human activities. This will elevate global food demands and the vulnerability of horticultural systems, with severe concerns related to natural resource availability and usage. Sustainable horticulture involves adopting eco-friendly strategies to boost yields while maintaining environmental conservation. Biochar (BC), a carbon-rich material, is widely used in farming to improve soil physical and chemical properties and as an organic substitute for peat in growing media. BC amendments to soil or growing media improve seedling growth, increase photosynthetic pigments, and enhances photosynthesis, thus improving crop productivity. Soil BC incorporation improves abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, which are significant constraints in horticulture. BC application also improves disease control to an acceptable level or enhance plant resistance to pathogens. Moreover, BC amendments in contaminated soil decrease the uptake of potentially hazardous metals, thus minimizing their harmful effects on humans. This review summarizes the most recent knowledge related to BC use in sustainable horticulture. This includes the effect of BC on enhancing horticultural crop production and inducing resistance to major abiotic and biotic stresses. It also discuss major gaps and future directions for exploiting BC technology.
Didymella pinodes and its management in field pea: Challenges and opportunities
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
Changes in rice grain quality of indica and japonica type varieties released in China from 2000 to 2014
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 31-10-2017
Assessing the heat sensitivity of Urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) genotypes involving physiological, reproductive and yield traits under field and controlled environment
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 21-11-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FPLS.2022.1042999
Abstract: The rising temperatures are seriously impacting the food crops, including urdbean hence efforts are needed to identify the sources of heat tolerance in such crops to ensure global food security. In the present study, urdbean genotypes were evaluated for heat tolerance under natural outdoor for two consecutive years (2018, 2019) and subsequently in the controlled environment of the growth chamber to identify high temperature tolerant lines. The genotypes were assessed involving few physiological traits (membrane damage, chlorophyll, photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal conductance, lipid peroxidation), reproductive traits (pollen germination % and pollen viability %) and yield related traits (total number of pods plant -1 , total seeds plant -1 , single seed weight and seed yield plant -1 ). Based upon these tested traits, PantU31, Mash114, UTTARA and IPU18-04 genotypes were identified as promising genotypes for both years under heat stress condition. Further confirming heat tolerance, all these four tolerant and four sensitive genotypes were tested under controlled environment under growth chamber condition. All these four genotypes PantU31, Mash114, UTTARA and IPU18-04 showed high chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal conductance, leaf area, pods plant -1 , total seeds plant -1 and low reduction in pollen germination % and pollen viability under stress heat stress condition. Moreover, yield and yield related traits viz., pods plant -1 , seeds plant -1 , single seed weight and seed yield plant -1 showed very strong positive correlation with pollen germination and pollen viability except electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content. Thus, these genotypes could be potentially used as donors for transferring heat tolerance trait to the elite yet heat-sensitive urdbean cultivars.
Water Footprint Assessment of Green and Traditional Cultivation of Crops in the Huang-Huai-Hai Farming Region
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-10-2022
Abstract: With the increasing consumer awareness and knowledge about safe and healthy food, it is imperative to develop ‘green’ crops with reduced fertilizer application for quality food production, environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development. This study systematically evaluated and compared the water footprint (WF) including WFblue, WFgreen and WFgrey of eight crops including wheat, maize, rice, sweet potato, soybean, millet, mung bean and sorghum under green and traditional cultivation in the Huang-Huai-Hai farming region. The data came from 252 onsite questionnaires conducted in 2018 for land under green and traditional cultivation by 19 green planting companies and farming cooperatives with green food production certification authorized by the government of China. The results revealed that, compared to traditional cultivation, green cultivation under reduced N fertilizer application (1) decreased crop yields by 3–13% (2) reduced the average WFtotal by 29% to 1168 m3 t−1 and average WFgrey by 57% to 419 m3 t−1 with no significant differences in WFblue and WFgreen (3) decreased the WFtotal of maize by 55%, rice by 41%, wheat by 27%, mung bean by 31%, sorghum by 24%, sweet potato by 19%, millet by 17% and soybean by 17%. The WFgrey proportion of WFtotal under green cultivation ranged from 27–57% and contributed the most to the decline in WFtotal. This study offers insight into the impact of green cultivation on water requirements and pollution relative to traditional cultivation. Precision N fertilizer application and improved N use efficiencies on-farm are important pathways to sustainable agricultural development.
Graded Moisture Deficit Effect on Secondary Metabolites, Antioxidant, and Inhibitory Enzyme Activities in Leaf Extracts of Rosa damascena Mill. var. trigentipetala
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-02-2022
DOI: 10.3390/HORTICULTURAE8020177
Abstract: Drought affects plant growth and yield in many agricultural areas worldwide by producing negative water potentials in the root zone that reduce water availability, affecting plant development and metabolism. This study investigated the effect of varying moisture regimes (100% field capacity (FC), well-watered plants, 50% FC (moderate water stress), and 25% FC (severe water stress)) on growth parameters, chlorophyll content, and bioactive molecule patterns, and the impact on antioxidant, lipoxygenase (LOX), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in Rosa damascena. The water deficit treatments reduced biomass production for both treatments (−29 and −33%, respectively, for MWS and SWS) and total chlorophyll (−18 and −38% respectively for MWS and SWS), relative to the control. The 50% FC treatment had the greatest effect on the phenolic profiles and their respective functionalities, with significant increases in the levels of total phenolic, benzoic (gallic, p-coumaric, and syringic acids) (+32%), and cinnamic (caffeic and trans-cinnamic acid) acids (+19%) and flavonoids (epicatechin-3-O-gallate) (+15%) compared to well-watered leaves (control leaves). The 50% FC treatment also exhibited the highest potential antioxidant activities (apart from NO-quenching activity), evidenced by the lowest IC50 and EC50 values. The inhibitory LOX and AChE capacities varied depending on the severity of stress, with superior activity in the 50% FC treatment. Overall, the drought tolerance in rose was associated mainly with its suitable manipulation of antioxidant production and orderly regulation of LOX and AChE activities.
Impact of climate change on biology and management of wheat pests
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Strengthening the performance of farming system groups: Perspectives from a Communities of Practice framework application
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-01-2015
Commensalism in an agroecosystem: hydraulic redistribution by deep-rooted legumes improves survival of a droughted shallow-rooted legume companion
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-01-2013
DOI: 10.1111/PPL.12020
Abstract: We investigated commensalism of water use among annual shallow-rooted and perennial deep-rooted pasture legumes by examining the effect of hydraulic lift by Cullen pallidum (N.T.Burb.) J.W.Grimes and Medicago sativa on growth, survival and nutrient uptake of Trifolium subterraneum L. A vertically split-root design allowed separate control of soil water in top and bottom soil. Thirty-five days after watering ceased in the top tube, but soil remained at field capacity in the bottom tube, an increase in shallow soil water content by hydraulic lift was 5.6 and 5.9 g kg(-1) soil overnight for C. pallidum and M. sativa, respectively. Trifolium subterraneum in this treatment maintained higher leaf water potentials (with M. sativa) or exhibited a slower decline (with C. pallidum) than without companion perennial plants and shoot biomass of T. subterraneum was 56% (with C. pallidum) and 67% (with M. sativa) of that when both top and bottom tubes were at field capacity. Uptake of rubidium (a potassium analog) and phosphorus by T. subterraneum was not facilitated by hydraulic lift. Interestingly, phosphorus content was threefold greater, and shoot biomass 1.5-3.3-fold greater when T. subterraneum was interplanted with C. pallidum compared with M. sativa, although dry weight of C. pallidum was much greater than that of M. sativa. This study showed that interplanting with deep-rooted perennial legumes has benefited the survival of T. subterraneum.
Phosphorus (P) use efficiency in rice is linked to tissue-specific biomass and P allocation patterns
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-03-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-020-61147-3
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is a non-renewable resource which may be depleted within next few decades hence high P use efficiency is need of time. Plants have evolved an array of adaptive mechanisms to enhance external P acquisition and reprioritize internal utilization under P deficiency. Tissue specific biomass and P allocation patterns may affect the P use efficiency in plants. six rice cultivars were grown in solution culture for 20 days and then were ided into two groups to receive either adequate P or no P that were harvested at 30, 40 and 50 days. Plants were dissected into various tissues/organs. Two rice cultivars viz Super Basmati (P-inefficient) and PS-2 (P-efficient) were grown in soil with no or 50 mg P kg −1 soil till maturity. Rice cultivars PS-2 and Basmati-2000 had higher P uptake, utilization efficiency and internal remobilization than other tested cultivars after P omission. Young leaves and roots were the major sinks while stems and mature leaves were the sources of P during P omission. In conclusion, biomass allocation and P accumulation among various tissues and P remobilization were major factors responsible for P efficiency.
Increasing sustainability for rice production systems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Effect of natural factors and management practices on agricultural water use efficiency under drought
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Agronomic, physiological and molecular characterisation of rice mutants revealed the key role of reactive oxygen species and catalase in high-temperature stress tolerance
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1071/FP19246
Abstract: Climatic variations have increased the occurrence of heat stress during critical growth stages, which negatively affects grain yield in rice. Plants adapt to harsh environments, and particularly high-temperature stress, by regulating their physiological and biochemical processes, which are key tolerance mechanisms. The identification of heat-tolerant rice genotypes and reliable selection indices are crucial for rice improvement programs. Here, we evaluated the response of a rice mutant population for high-temperature stress at the seedling and reproductive stages based on agronomic, physiological and molecular indices. Estimates of variance components revealed significant differences (P & 0.001) among genotypes, treatments and their interactions for almost all traits. The principal component analysis showed significant ersity among genotypes and traits under high-temperature stress. The mutant HTT-121 was identified as the most heat-tolerant mutant with higher grain yield, panicle fertility, cell membrane thermo-stability (CMTS) and antioxidant enzyme levels under heat stress. Various seedling-based morpho-physiological traits (leaf fresh weight, relative water contents, malondialdehyde, CMTS) and biochemical traits (superoxide dismutase, catalase and hydrogen peroxide) explained variations in grain yield that could be used as selection indices for heat tolerance in rice during early growth. Notably, heat-sensitive mutants accumulated reactive oxygen species, reduced catalase activity and upregulated OsSRFP1 expression under heat stress, suggesting their key roles in regulating heat tolerance in rice. The heat-tolerant mutants identified in this study could be used in breeding programs and to develop mapping populations to unravel the underlying genetic architecture for heat-stress adaptability.
Cold priming the chickpea seeds imparts reproductive cold tolerance by reprogramming the turnover of carbohydrates, osmo-protectants and redox components in leaves
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Faba bean genomics: Current status and future prospects
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-03-2012
Carbon isotope discrimination is not correlated with transpiration efficiency in three cool-season grain legumes (pulses)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2007
Ridge-furrow mulching with black plastic film improves maize yield more than white plastic film in dry areas with adequate accumulated temperature
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Impact of climate change on wheat grain composition and quality
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-11-2023
DOI: 10.1002/JSFA.12289
Abstract: Wheat grain quality, an important determinant for human nutrition, is often overlooked when improving crop production for stressed environments. Climate change makes this task more difficult by imposing combined stresses. The scenarios relevant to climate change include elevated CO 2 concentrations (eCO 2 ) and extreme climatic events such as drought, heat waves, and salinity stresses. However, data on wheat quality in terms of climate change are limited, with no concerted efforts at the global level to provide an equitable and consistent climate risk assessment for wheat grain quality. Climate change induces changes in the quality and composition of wheat grain, a premier staple food crop globally. Climate‐change events, such as eCO 2 , heat, drought, salinity stress stresses, heat + drought, eCO 2 + drought, and eCO 2 + heat stresses, alter wheat grain quality in terms of grain weight, nutrient, anti‐nutrient, fiber, and protein content and composition, starch granules, and free amino acid composition. Interestingly, in comparison with other stresses, heat stress and drought stress increase phytate content, which restricts the bioavailability of essential mineral elements. All climatic events, except for eCO 2 + heat stress, increase grain gliadin content in different wheat varieties. However, grain quality components depend more on inter‐varietal difference, stress type, and exposure time and intensity. The climatic events show differential regulation of protein and starch accumulation, and mineral metabolism in wheat grains. Rapid climate shifting impairs wheat productivity and causes grain quality to deteriorate by interrupting the allocation of essential nutrients and photoassimilates. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Embryo rescue and plant regeneration in vitro of selfed chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and its wild annual relatives
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-04-2006
Identification and validation of QTL and their associated genes for pre-emergent metribuzin tolerance in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-11-2018
Nitrogen removal efficiencies and pathways from unsaturated and saturated zones in a laboratory-scale vertical flow constructed wetland
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2018.09.048
Abstract: A laboratory-scale vertical flow constructed wetland system was designed and monitored to compare nitrogen removal rates and pathways from both saturated and unsaturated zones under a hydraulic loading rate and influent total nitrogen concentration of 1.5 m
Molecular divergence of fungal communities in soil, roots and hyphae highlight the importance of sampling strategies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Foliar application of potassium and zinc enhances the productivity and volatile oil content of damask rose (Rosa damascena miller var. trigintipetala dieck)
Publisher: Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie
Date: 31-08-2021
Abstract: Potassium (K) levels are decreasing worldwide in agricultural soils, and K deficiency is becoming a major issue. Study on damask rose response to K application is scarce. Furthermore, despite its importance in the cell ision, photosynthesis and protein synthesis, there is a lack of published reports on plant responses to zinc (Zn) application. Further research is required to understand the damask rose's response to both elements. This study investigated the effects of K and Zn foliar application on the vegetative growth, flower yield, and volatile oil content and composition of damask rose. K and Zn nutrition was applied either in idually or combined as K2SO4 and ZnSO4 at 0.5 or 1.0%. Foliar application of K2SO4 and ZnSO4 was applied with a manual pump four times in each growing season, the first at the beginning of stem elongation and leaf formation, and then at two-weekly intervals. Results showed that K and/or Zn treatments significantly improved the growth characters, flower yield, relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance, and essential oil content and composition such as linalool, nerol, citronellol, geraniol, and nonadecane. The chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars (TSS), and protein content also increased, but free amino acid content decreased, suggesting that the distribution of nitrogenous compounds (between amino acids and proteins) and their transformation were influenced by K and Zn supply. In idual applications of K or Zn increased the N, P, K, and Zn contents in damask rose leaves, relative to the control, which increased further with combined applications of K and Zn. Results suggest that foliar application of K and/or Zn could be part of the damask rose fertilization program to provide plants with the optimum level of nutrition for improving the quantity and quality of flowers and essential oil yields.
Decreased carbon footprint and increased grain yield under ridge–furrow plastic film mulch with ditch-buried straw returning
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.156412
Abstract: Ditch-buried straw returning with ridge-furrow plastic film mulch (RP+S) is a novel tillage measure in semiarid regions, but it is unclear whether RP+S can increase maize yield while reducing the carbon footprint (CF). Therefore, a six-year continuous experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2021 to quantify the effect of four straw returning and film mulching measures [conventional flat cultivation (CK), conventional flat cultivation with ditch-buried straw returning (CK+S), ridge-furrow plastic film mulch (RP), and RP+S] on soil organic carbon sequestration (SOC
Novel approaches to mitigate heat stress impacts on crop growth and development
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2020
Phenology and sowing time affect water use in four warm-season annual grasses under a semi-arid environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Drought Stress in Grain Legumes during Reproduction and Grain Filling
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-01-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JAC.12169
Plastic film mulching affects field water balance components, grain yield, and water productivity of rainfed maize in the Loess Plateau, China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
A comprehensive resource of drought- and salinity- responsive ESTs for gene discovery and marker development in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2009
Comparing responses of grain legumes, wheat and canola to applications of superphosphate
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1999
Low-Temperature Stress: Implications for Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Improvement
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2003
DOI: 10.1080/713610855
Geographical patterns of genetic variation in the world collections of wild annual Cicer characterized by amplified fragment length polymorphisms
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-11-2005
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-004-1849-8
Abstract: Cicer reticulatum, C. echinospermum, C. bijugum, C. judaicum, C. pinnatifidum, C. cuneatum and C. yamashitae are wild annual Cicer species and potential donors of valuable traits to improve chickpea (C. arietinum). As part of a large project to characterize and evaluate wild annual Cicer collections held in the world gene banks, AFLP markers were used to study genetic variation in these species. The main aim of this study was to characterize geographical patterns of genetic variation in wild annual Cicer germplasm. Phylogenetic analysis of 146 wild annual Cicer accessions (including two accessions in the perennial C. anatolicum and six cultivars of chickpea) revealed four distinct groups corresponding well to primary, secondary and tertiary gene pools of chickpea. Some possible misidentified or mislabelled accessions were identified, and ILWC 242 is proposed as a hybrid between C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum. The extent of genetic ersity varied considerably and was unbalanced between species with greatest genetic ersity found in C. judaicum. For the first time geographic patterns of genetic variation in C. reticulatum, C. echinospermum, C. bijugum, C. judaicum and C. pinnatifidum were established using AFLP markers. Based on the current collections the maximum genetic ersity of C. reticulatum, C. echinospermum, C. bijugum and C. pinnatifidum was found in southeastern Turkey, while Palestine was the centre of maximum genetic variation for C. judaicum. This information provides a solid basis for the design of future collections and in situ conservation programs for wild annual Cicer.
A chickpea genetic variation map based on the sequencing of 3,366 genomes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-11-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41586-021-04066-1
Abstract: Zero hunger and good health could be realized by 2030 through effective conservation, characterization and utilization of germplasm resources 1 . So far, few chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ) germplasm accessions have been characterized at the genome sequence level 2 . Here we present a detailed map of variation in 3,171 cultivated and 195 wild accessions to provide publicly available resources for chickpea genomics research and breeding. We constructed a chickpea pan-genome to describe genomic ersity across cultivated chickpea and its wild progenitor accessions. A ergence tree using genes present in around 80% of in iduals in one species allowed us to estimate the ergence of Cicer over the last 21 million years. Our analysis found chromosomal segments and genes that show signatures of selection during domestication, migration and improvement. The chromosomal locations of deleterious mutations responsible for limited genetic ersity and decreased fitness were identified in elite germplasm. We identified superior haplotypes for improvement-related traits in landraces that can be introgressed into elite breeding lines through haplotype-based breeding, and found targets for purging deleterious alleles through genomics-assisted breeding and/or gene editing. Finally, we propose three crop breeding strategies based on genomic prediction to enhance crop productivity for 16 traits while avoiding the erosion of genetic ersity through optimal contribution selection (OCS)-based pre-breeding. The predicted performance for 100-seed weight, an important yield-related trait, increased by up to 23% and 12% with OCS- and haplotype-based genomic approaches, respectively.
Author Correction: A chickpea genetic variation map based on the sequencing of 3,366 genomes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-03-2022
How Film Mulch Increases the Corn Yield by Improving the Soil Moisture and Temperature in the Early Growing Period in a Cool, Semi-Arid Area
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-08-2020
Abstract: Film mulch increases the crop grain yield via topsoil moisture and temperature improvement in cool, semi-arid areas, but little is known about the role of the hydrological and thermic relationship between early and later crop growth seasons in the improving grain yield. We conducted a field experiment to compare polyethylene film mulching (PM) with no mulching (CK) in 2014 and 2015 on the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China. Compared to CK, PM decreased evapotranspiration before the twelve-leaf stage (V12), but increased evapotranspiration after the V12 stage, and significantly increased the topsoil temperature before the six-leaf stage (V6) and the accumulation of soil growing degree days. Corn plants with PM treatment reached the V6 stage earlier, significantly enhancing the contemporary dry matter accumulation. The harvest index, 100-grain weight, and grain yield significantly increased in PM relative to CK in both years. The growing period to the whole growing season evapotranspiration ratio had a negative correlation with the grain yield before the V12 stage, but a positive correlation after the V12 stage. The grain yield had a negative correlation with the air growing degree days (GDDair) before the V6 stage, but positive correlation from silking to harvest. Conclusively, film mulch promoted the early development of maize via an increased soil temperature before the V6 stage, saved soil water before the V12 stage, resulted in a longer grain-filling period, and increased the GDDair and evapotranspiration during the grain-filling period, which is key to increasing the maize yield.
Characterisation of a 4A QTL for Metribuzin Resistance in Wheat by Developing Near-Isogenic Lines
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-09-2021
Abstract: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is constantly affected by weeds in the farming system. Chemical-based weed management is widely practiced broad-spectrum herbicides such as metribuzin have been successfully used to control weeds in Australia and elsewhere of the world. Breeding metribuzin-resistant wheat through genetic improvement is needed for effective control of weeds. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping efforts identified a major QTL on wheat chromosome 4A, explaining up to 20% of the phenotypic variance for metribuzin resistance. The quantitative nature of inheritance of this QTL signifies the importance of near-isogenic lines (NILs), which can convert a quantitative trait into a Mendelian factor for better resolution of the QTL. In the current study, NILs were developed using a heterogeneous inbred family method combined with a fast generation-cycling system in a population of Chuan Mai 25 (resistant) and Ritchie (susceptible). Seven pairs of NILs targeting the 4A QTL for metribuzin resistance were confirmed with a molecular marker and phenotyping. The resistant allele from the resistant parent increased metribuzin resistance by 63–85% (average 69%) compared with the susceptible allele from the susceptible parent. Segregation analysis in the NIL pairs for thousand grain weight (TGW) (g), biomass per plant (kg), tillers per plant, plant height (cm), yield per plant, and powdery mildew visual score (0–9) indicated that these traits were linked with metribuzin resistance. Similarly, TGW was observed to co-segregate with metribuzin resistance in most confirmed NILs, signifying that the two traits are controlled by closely linked genes. The most contrasting NILs can be further characterised by transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to identify the candidate genes responsible for metribuzin resistance.
Measurements and modeling of hydrological responses to summer pruning in dryland apple orchards
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Salt stress in maize: effects, resistance mechanisms, and management. A review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-02-2015
The natural abundance of stable water isotopes method may overestimatedeep-layer soil water use by trees
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 04-01-2023
Abstract: Abstract. Stable water isotopes have been used extensively to study the water use strategy of plants in various ecosystems. In deep vadose zone (DVZ) regions, the rooting depth of trees can reach several meters to tens of meters. However, the existence of roots in deep soils does not necessarily mean the occurrence of root water uptake, which usually occurs at a particular time during the growing season. Therefore, quantifying the contribution of deep-layer soil water (DLSW) in DVZ regions using the natural abundance of stable water isotopes may not be accurate because this method assumes that trees always extract shallow- and deep-layer soil water. We propose a multi-step method for addressing this issue. First, isotopic labeling in deep layers identifies whether trees absorb DLSW and determines the soil layer depths from which trees derive their water source. Next, we calculate water sources based on the natural abundance of stable isotopes in the soil layer determined above to quantify the water use strategy of trees. We also compared the results with the natural abundance of stable water isotopes method. The 11- and 17-year-old apple trees were taken as ex les for analyses on China's Loess Plateau. Isotopic labeling showed that the water uptake depth of 11-year-old apple trees reached 300 cm in the blossom and young fruit (BYF) stage and only 100 cm in the fruit swelling (FSW) stage, whereas 17-year-old trees always consumed water from the 0–320 cm soil layer. Overall, apple trees absorbed the most water from deep soils ( cm) during the BYF stage, and 17-year-old trees consumed more water in these layers than 11-year-old trees throughout the growing season. In addition, the natural abundance of stable water isotopes method overestimated the contribution of DLSW, especially in the 320–500 cm soil layer. Our findings highlight that determining the occurrence of root water uptake in deep soils helps to quantify the water use strategy of trees in DVZ regions.
Optimum water and nitrogen supply regulates root distribution and produces high grain yields in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under permanent raised bed tillage in arid northwest China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Effect of traditional soybean breeding on water use strategy in arid and semi-arid areas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Chromosome groups 5, 6 and 7 harbor major quantitative trait loci controlling root traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 20-03-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FPLS.2023.1092992
Abstract: Identifying genomic regions for root traits in bread wheat can help breeders develop climate-resilient and high-yielding wheat varieties with desirable root traits. This study used the recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of Synthetic W7984 × Opata M85 to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for different root traits such as rooting depth (RD), root dry mass (RM), total root length (RL), root diameter (Rdia) and root surface areas (RSA1 for coarse roots and RSA2 for fine roots) under controlled conditions in a semi-hydroponic system. We detected 14 QTL for eight root traits on nine wheat chromosomes we discovered three QTL each for RD and RSA1, two QTL each for RM and RSA2, and one QTL each for RL, Rdia, specific root length and nodal root number per plant. The detected QTL were concentrated on chromosome groups 5, 6 and 7. The QTL for shallow RD ( Q.rd.uwa.7BL : Xbarc50 ) and high RM ( Q.rm.uwa.6AS : Xgwm334 ) were validated in two independent F 2 populations of Synthetic W7984 × Chara and Opata M85 × Cascade, respectively. Genotypes containing negative alleles for Q.rd.uwa.7BL had 52% shallower RD than other Synthetic W7984 × Chara population lines. Genotypes with the positive alleles for Q.rm.uwa.6AS had 31.58% higher RM than other Opata M85 × Cascade population lines. Further, we identified 21 putative candidate genes for RD ( Q.rd.uwa.7BL ) and 13 for RM ( Q.rm.uwa.6AS ) TraesCS6A01G020400 , TraesCS6A01G024400 and TraesCS6A01G021000 identified from Q.rm.uwa.6AS , and TraesCS7B01G404000 , TraesCS7B01G254900 and TraesCS7B01G446200 identified from Q.rd.uwa.7BL encoded important proteins for root traits. We found germin-like protein encoding genes in both Q.rd.uwa.7BL and Q.rm.uwa.6AS regions. These genes may play an important role in RM and RD improvement. The identified QTL, especially the validated QTL and putative candidate genes are valuable genetic resources for future root trait improvement in wheat.
Visualization of the three-dimensional water-flow paths in calcareous soil using iodide water tracer
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2013
Abscisic acid: Metabolism, transport, crosstalk with other plant growth regulators and its role in heavy metal stress mitigation
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 14-09-2022
Abstract: Heavy metal (HM) stress is threatening agricultural crops, ecological systems, and human health worldwide. HM toxicity adversely affects plant growth, physiological processes, and crop productivity by disturbing cellular ionic balance, metabolic balance, cell membrane integrity, and protein and enzyme activities. Plants under HM stress intrinsically develop mechanisms to counter the adversities of HM but not prevent them. However, the exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA) is a strategy for boosting the tolerance capacity of plants against HM toxicity by improving osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant machinery. ABA is an essential plant growth regulator that modulates various plant growth and metabolic processes, including seed development and germination, vegetative growth, stomatal regulation, flowering, and leaf senescence under erse environmental conditions. This review summarizes ABA biosynthesis, signaling, transport, and catabolism in plant tissues and the adverse effects of HM stress on crop plants. Moreover, we describe the role of ABA in mitigating HM stress and elucidating the interplay of ABA with other plant growth regulators.
Biomaterial amendments combined with ridge–furrow mulching improve soil hydrothermal characteristics and wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) growth in the Qaidam Basin of China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Assessing the performance of conservation measures for controlling slope runoff and erosion using field scouring experiments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Zinc nutrition in wheat-based cropping systems
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-12-2018
Effects of different continuous fertilizer managements on soil total nitrogen stocks in China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Breeding and genomics approaches for improving phosphorus-use efficiency in grain legumes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Multivariate genomic analysis and optimal contributions selection predicts high genetic gains in cooking time, iron, zinc, and grain yield in common beans in East Africa
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-10-2021
DOI: 10.1002/TPG2.20156
Abstract: Common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is important in African diets for protein, iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn), but traditional cultivars have long cooking time (CKT), which increases the time, energy, and health costs of cooking. Genomic selection was used to predict genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for grain yield (GY), CKT, Fe, and Zn in an African bean panel of 358 genotypes in a two‐stage analysis. In Stage 1, best linear unbiased estimates (BLUE) for each trait were obtained from 898 genotypes across 33 field trials in East Africa. In Stage 2, BLUE in a training population of 141 genotypes were used in a multivariate genomic analysis with genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism data from the African bean panel. Moderate to high genomic heritability was found for GY (0.45 ± 0.10), CKT (0.50 ± 0.15), Fe (0.57 ± 0.12), and Zn (0.61 ± 0.13). There were significant favorable genetic correlations between Fe and Zn (0.91 ± 0.06), GY and Fe (0.66 ± 0.17), GY and Zn (0.44 ± 0.19), CKT and Fe (−0.57 ± 0.21), and CKT and Zn (−0.67 ± 0.20). Optimal contributions selection (OCS), based on economic index of weighted GEBV for each trait, was used to design crossing within four market groups relevant to East Africa. Progeny were predicted by OCS to increase in mean GY by 12.4%, decrease in mean CKT by 9.3%, and increase in mean Fe and Zn content by 6.9 and 4.6%, respectively, with low achieved coancestry of 0.032. Genomic selection with OCS will accelerate breeding of high‐yielding, biofortified, and rapid cooking African common bean cultivars.
Rice direct seeding: Experiences, challenges and opportunities
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Identification of genome regions controlling cotyledon, pod wall/ seed coat and pod wall resistance to pea weevil through QTL mapping
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-11-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-013-2234-2
Abstract: Pea weevil, Bruchus pisorum, is one of the limiting factors for field pea (Pisum sativum) cultivation in the world with pesticide application the only available method for its control. Resistance to pea weevil has been found in an accession of Pisum fulvum but transfer of this resistance to cultivated pea (P. sativum) is limited due to a lack of easy-to-use techniques for screening interspecific breeding populations. To address this problem, an interspecific population was created from a cross between cultivated field pea and P. fulvum (resistance source). Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was performed to discover the regions associated with resistance to cotyledon, pod wall/seed coat and pod wall resistance. Three major QTLs, located on linkage groups LG2, LG4 and LG5 were found for cotyledon resistance explaining approximately 80 % of the phenotypic variation. Two major QTLs were found for pod wall/seed coat resistance on LG2 and LG5 explaining approximately 70 % of the phenotypic variation. Co-linearity of QTLs for cotyledon and pod wall/seed coat resistance suggested that the mechanism of resistance for these two traits might act through the same pathways. Only one QTL was found for pod wall resistance on LG7 explaining approximately 9 % of the phenotypic variation. This is the first report on the development of QTL markers to probe Pisum germplasm for pea weevil resistance genes. These flanking markers will be useful in accelerating the process of screening when breeding for pea weevil resistance.
Development of a novel semi-hydroponic phenotyping system for studying root architecture
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/FP10241
Abstract: A semi-hydroponic bin system was developed to provide an efficient phenotyping platform for studying root architecture. The system was designed to accommodate a large number of plants in a small area for screening genotypes. It was constructed using inexpensive and easily obtained materials: 240 L plastic mobile bins, clear acrylic panels covered with black calico cloth and a controlled watering system. A screening experiment for root traits of 20 wild genotypes of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) evaluated the reliability and efficiency of the system. Root architecture, root elongation rate and branching patterns were monitored for 6 weeks. Significant differences in both architectural and morphological traits were observed among tested genotypes, particularly for total root length, branch number, specific root length and branch density. Results demonstrated that the bin system was efficient in screening root traits in narrow-leafed lupin, allowing for rapid measurement of two-dimensional root architecture over time with minimal disturbance to plant growth and without destructive root s ling. The system permits mapping and digital measurement of dynamic growth of taproot and lateral roots. This phenotyping platform is a desirable tool for examining root architecture of deep root systems and large sets of plants in a relatively small space.
Future climate change impacts on mulched maize production in an arid irrigation area
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Potential for increasing early vigour and total biomass in spring wheat. II.* Characteristics associated with early vigour
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1992
DOI: 10.1071/AR9920541
Abstract: Increased early growth and total dry matter production have been suggested as useful traits to improve yield in Mediterranean-type environments. In Part I, genotypic variation for early growth and total dry matter production was identified among cultivars and some introduced lines. In this part, characteristics associated with early vigour in five of these introduced lines and ten Australian cultivars were examined in a field study at Wongan Hills in Western Australia. Differences in dry matter production were observed at all s ling times during the season, with three of the introduced lines (CEP 8058, Kansu No. 32 and V979-28) having consistently higher dry matter production than the standard cultivars during the early growth period. Those genotypes with a higher dry matter production at 54 days after sowing had higher relative growth rates and green area indices than those with low dry matter production. Both genotypes with large leaves on few tillers and genotypes with small leaves on many tillers had higher green area indices and higher dry matter production. While high dry matter production was associated with a large degree of ground cover and high light interception, it was not associated with the earlier commencement of reproductive development. Incorporation of early vigour and high dry matter production into locally adapted cultivars is required to demonstrate its benefit in these environments.
Microbial consortium inoculant increases pasture grasses yield in low‐phosphorus soil by influencing root morphology, rhizosphere carboxylate exudation and mycorrhizal colonisation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-07-2022
DOI: 10.1002/JSFA.11382
Abstract: Pasture farming in south‐western Australia is challenged by nutrient‐poor soils. We assessed the impact of microbial consortium inoculant (MI) and rock mineral fertiliser (MF) on growth, nutrient uptake, root morphology, rhizosphere carboxylate exudation and mycorrhizal colonisation in three pasture grasses – tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea L.), veldt grass ( Ehrharta calycina Sm.) and tall wheatgrass ( Thinopyrum ponticum L.) grown in low‐phosphorus (P) sandy soil in a glasshouse for 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). Veldt grass produced the highest specific root length and smallest average root diameter in both growth periods, and had similar shoot weight, root surface area and fine root length (except at 30 DAS) to tall fescue. Compared with the control, MI alone or combined with MF significantly increased shoot and root biomass (except root biomass at 30 DAS), likely due to the significant increases in root surface area and fine root length. Plants supplied with MI + MF had higher shoot N and P contents than those in the MI and the control treatments at 60 DAS. Malate, citrate and trans ‐aconitate were the major rhizosphere carboxylates exuded at both 30 and 60 DAS. Malate exudation varied among species and treatments in both growth periods, but citrate exudation was consistently higher in the low‐P treatments (control and MI) than the MF and MI + MF treatments. Microbial consortium inoculant can positively influence pasture production in low‐P soil by increasing root surface area and fine root length, whereas exudation of nutrient‐mobilising carboxylates (citrate) is dependent more on soil P supply than microbial consortium inoculant. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Role of Glycine Betaine in the Thermotolerance of Plants
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-01-2022
Abstract: As global warming progresses, agriculture will likely be impacted enormously by the increasing heat stress (HS). Hence, future crops, especially in the southern Mediterranean regions, need thermotolerance to maintain global food security. In this regard, plant scientists are searching for solutions to tackle the yield-declining impacts of HS on crop plants. Glycine betaine (GB) has received considerable attention due to its multiple roles in imparting plant abiotic stress resistance, including to high temperature. Several studies have reported GB as a key osmoprotectant in mediating several plant responses to HS, including growth, protein modifications, photosynthesis, gene expression, and oxidative defense. GB accumulation in plants under HS differs therefore, engineering genes for GB accumulation in non-accumulating plants is a key strategy for improving HS tolerance. Exogenous application of GB has shown promise for managing HS in plants, suggesting its involvement in protecting plant cells. Even though overexpressing GB in transgenics or exogenously applying it to plants induces tolerance to HS, this phenomenon needs to be unraveled under natural field conditions to design breeding programs and generate highly thermotolerant crops. This review summarizes the current knowledge on GB involvement in plant thermotolerance and discusses knowledge gaps and future research directions for enhancing thermotolerance in economically important crop plants.
Using Biotechnology-Led Approaches to Uplift Cereal and Food Legume Yields in Dryland Environments
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 27-08-2018
Effects of transient subsurface waterlogging on root growth, plant biomass and yield of chickpea
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions by replacing inorganic fertilizer with organic fertilizer in wheat–maize rotation systems in China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Effect of no-tillage on soil bacterial and fungal community diversity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Film antitranspirants increase yield in drought stressed wheat plants by maintaining high grain number
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Heat Stress at Reproductive Stage Disrupts Leaf Carbohydrate Metabolism, Impairs Reproductive Function, and Severely Reduces Seed Yield in Lentil
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-03-2016
Response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to terminal drought
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-04-2017
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERW153
Nitric oxide secures reproductive efficiency in heat-stressed lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) plants by enhancing the photosynthetic ability to improve yield traits
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2021
Effect of film mulching on crop yield and water use efficiency in drip irrigation systems: A meta-analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Soil disturbance and water stress interact to influence arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, rhizosphere bacteria and potential for N and C cycling in an agricultural soil
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-11-2019
Ear:stem ratios in breeding populations of wheat: Significance for yield improvement.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1007/BF00036703
Seasonal variation and controlling factors of evapotranspiration over dry semi-humid cropland in Guanzhong Plain, China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Identification of High-Temperature Tolerant Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Genotypes through Leaf and Pollen Traits
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 19-05-2017
Physiological and morphological adaptations of herbaceous perennial legumes allow differential access to sources of varyingly soluble phosphate
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-11-2015
DOI: 10.1111/PPL.12297
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of three perennial legume species to access sources of varyingly soluble phosphorus (P) and their associated morphological and physiological adaptations. Two Australian native legumes with pasture potential (Cullen australasicum and Kennedia prostrata) and Medicago sativa cv. SARDI 10 were grown in sand under two P levels (6 and 40 µg P g(-1) ) supplied as Ca(H2 PO4 )2 ·H2 O (Ca-P, highly soluble, used in many fertilizers) or as one of three sparingly soluble forms: Ca10 (OH)2 (PO4 )6 (apatite-P, found in relatively young soils major constituent of rock phosphate), C6 H6 O24 P6 Na12 (inositol-P, the most common form of organic P in soil) and FePO4 (Fe-P, a poorly-available inorganic source of P). All species grew well with soluble P. When 6 µg P g(-1) was supplied as sparingly soluble P, plant dry weight (DW) and P uptake were very low for C. australasicum and M. sativa (0.1-0.4 g DW) with the exception of M. sativa supplied with apatite-P (1.5 g). In contrast, K. prostrata grew well with inositol-P (1.0 g) and Fe-P (0.7 g), and even better with apatite-P (1.7 g), similar to that with Ca-P (1.9 g). Phosphorus uptake at 6 µg P g(-1) was highly correlated with total root length, total rhizosphere carboxylate content and total rhizosphere acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) activity. These findings provide strong indications that there are opportunities to utilize local Australian legumes in low P pasture systems to access sparingly soluble soil P and increase perennial legume productivity, ersity and sustainability.
Non-coding RNAs
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.YGENO.2019.08.011
Abstract: Brassica crops face a combination of different abiotic and biotic stresses in the field that can reduce plant growth and development by affecting biochemical and morpho-physiological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), play a significant role in the modulation of gene expression in response to plant stresses. Recent advances in computational and experimental approaches are of great interest for identifying and functionally characterizing ncRNAs. While progress in this field is limited, numerous ncRNAs involved in the regulation of gene expression in response to stress have been reported in Brassica. In this review, we summarize the modes of action and functions of stress-related miRNAs and lncRNAs in Brassica as well as the approaches used to identify ncRNAs.
Microbial consortium inoculant and rock mineral fertiliser differentially improved yield and nutrient uptake of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) varieties
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Salt Stress Delayed Flowering and Reduced Reproductive Success of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), A Response Associated with Na+ Accumulation in Leaves
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-03-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JAC.12128
An early transient water deficit reduces flower number and pod production but increases seed size in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/CP10349
Abstract: Terminal drought is known to decrease flower production, increase flower and pod abortion, and decrease yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), but the effects of early-season drought have not been evaluated. The influence of an early transient water deficit on flower and pod production and abortion, and seed yield and its components was evaluated in two chickpea cultivars, Rupali, a desi type, and Almaz, a kabuli type. Thirty-six-day-old plants were subjected to: (i) a transient water deficit by withholding water for 35 days, and then rewatered (WS), and (ii) kept well watered (WW) throughout. In the WS treatment the soil water content, leaf relative water content and leaf photosynthetic rate decreased after water was withheld and, following rewatering, recovered to the WW level. Despite the WS treatment being imposed at different phenological stages in the two cultivars, WS reduced flower number per plant by ~50% in Rupali and Almaz, respectively, compared with the WW plants. In WW plants, ~15% of flowers aborted in both cultivars, and 42 and 67% of the pods aborted in Rupali and Almaz, respectively, whereas in WS plants, 18 and 23% of flowers aborted and 27 and 67% of pods aborted in Rupali and Almaz, respectively. While seed growth in WS plants of Rupali and Almaz occurred primarily after the plants were rewatered, the duration of seed growth decreased by 17 and 36 days, the maximum rate of seed filling increased by 3 times and 5 times, and seed size increased by 26 and 16%, respectively, compared with the WW plants. Seed yield per plant in WS plants decreased by 31% in Rupali and 38% in Almaz compared with the WW controls. The early transient water deficit decreased flower production, but improved flower and pod development increased the rate of seed growth and increased final seed size and had a smaller effect on seed yield compared with chickpea subjected to terminal drought.
Distinct roles for soil bacterial and fungal communities associated with the availability of carbon and phosphorus under aerated drip irrigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and yield of peanut in response to biochar application
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 31-05-2021
Abstract: The effect of biochar application on photosynthetic traits and yield in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is not well understood. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in Northwest Liaoning, China to evaluate the effect of biochar application [0, 10, 20, and 40 t ha −1 (B0, B10, B20, and B40)] on leaf gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield of peanut. B10 improved photochemical quenching at flowering and pod set and reduced non-photochemical quenching at pod set, relative to B0. B10 and B20 increased actual photochemical efficiency and decreased regulated energy dissipated at pod set, relative to B0. B10 significantly increased net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency at flowering and pod set, relative to B0. Compared with B0, B10 significantly improved peanut yield (14.6 and 13.7%) and kernel yield (20.2 and 14.4%). Biochar application increased leaf nitrogen content. B10 and B20 significantly increased plant nitrogen accumulation, as compared to B0. The net photosynthetic rate of peanut leaves had a linear correlation with plant nitrogen accumulation and peanut yield. The application of 10 t ha −1 biochar produced the highest peanut yield by enhancing leaf photosynthetic capacity, and is thus a promising strategy for peanut production in Northwest Liaoning, China.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals molecular regulation of salt tolerance in two contrasting chickpea genotypes
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 30-05-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FPLS.2023.1191457
Abstract: Salinity is a major abiotic stress that causes substantial agricultural losses worldwide. Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) is an important legume crop but is salt-sensitive. Previous physiological and genetic studies revealed the contrasting response of two desi chickpea varieties, salt-sensitive Rupali and salt-tolerant Genesis836, to salt stress. To understand the complex molecular regulation of salt tolerance mechanisms in these two chickpea genotypes, we examined the leaf transcriptome repertoire of Rupali and Genesis836 in control and salt-stressed conditions. Using linear models, we identified categories of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) describing the genotypic differences: salt-responsive DEGs in Rupali (1,604) and Genesis836 (1,751) with 907 and 1,054 DEGs unique to Rupali and Genesis836, respectively, salt responsive DEGs (3,376), genotype-dependent DEGs (4,170), and genotype-dependent salt-responsive DEGs (122). Functional DEG annotation revealed that the salt treatment affected genes involved in ion transport, osmotic adjustment, photosynthesis, energy generation, stress and hormone signalling, and regulatory pathways. Our results showed that while Genesis836 and Rupali have similar primary salt response mechanisms (common salt-responsive DEGs), their contrasting salt response is attributed to the differential expression of genes primarily involved in ion transport and photosynthesis. Interestingly, variant calling between the two genotypes identified SNPs/InDels in 768 Genesis836 and 701 Rupali salt-responsive DEGs with 1,741 variants identified in Genesis836 and 1,449 variants identified in Rupali. In addition, the presence of premature stop codons was detected in 35 genes in Rupali. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular regulation underpinning the physiological basis of salt tolerance in two chickpea genotypes and offers potential candidate genes for the improvement of salt tolerance in chickpeas.
Limited irrigation and fertilization in sand-layered soil increases nitrogen use efficiency and economic benefits under film mulched ridge-furrow irrigation in arid areas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Rice residue management in the Indo-Gangetic Plains for climate and food security. A review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-09-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S13593-022-00817-0
Abstract: This paper reviews and analyzes the impact of residue burning on the environment and human health, and the influence of ex-situ and in-situ residue management on reducing pollution and improving soil health, crop yield, and farmers’ economic benefits. Paddy is cultivated on 43.8 Mha in India, producing 118.43 Mt grain and an estimated 165.8 Mt straw. Burning is the most common practice for managing rice crop residues mainly due to its simplicity, low cost, increased mechanical harvesting, short window between rice harvest and wheat sowing, and lack of viable uses for residues. Around 50 Mt of rice straw is burned annually, nearly half of which occurs in northwestern India during October/November. Burning residue is a major contributor to air pollution, emitting around 1.5 Mt particulate matter, 150 Mt carbon dioxide, and other greenhouse gases (e.g., NO 2 , SO 2 , CO, CH 4 , NH 3 ) and volatile organic compounds, resulting in a wide range of respiratory infections in humans, reduced soil nutrient and carbon inputs, and disturbed soil microbial activity. In-situ residue management using a Happy Seeder, Super straw management system, paddy straw chopper cum spreader, reversible moldboard plow, or no-till seeder incorporates or mulches residues, avoiding burnings. These operations are economically profitable as they reduce costs, increase yields, or both. In-situ residue management, i.e., incorporation or mulching improves the soil’s physical, chemical and biological properties and is considered better for improving soil health than residue removal. Ex-situ residue management for biofuel, biochar, electricity generation or bale making is also profitable for the environment and reduces pollutant emissions.
Transpirational Leaf Cooling Effect Did Not Contribute Equally to Biomass Retention in Wheat Genotypes under High Temperature
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-08-2022
Abstract: High temperature and water deficit are the most critical yield-limiting environmental factors for wheat in rainfed environments. It is important to understand the heat avoidance mechanisms and their associations with leaf morpho-physiological traits that allow crops to stay cool and retain high biomass under warm and dry conditions. We examined 20 morpho-physiologically erse wheat genotypes under ambient and elevated temperatures (Tair) to investigate whether increased water use leads to high biomass retention due to increased leaf cooling. An experiment was conducted under well-watered conditions in two partially controlled glasshouses. We measured plant transpiration (Tr), leaf temperature (Tleaf), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and associated leaf morpho-physiological characteristics. High water use and leaf cooling increased biomass retention under high temperatures, but increased use did not always increase biomass retention. Some genotypes maintained biomass, irrespective of water use, possibly through mechanisms other than leaf cooling, indicating their adaptation under water shortage. Genotypic differences in leaf cooling capacity did not always correlate with Tr (VPD) response. In summary, the contribution of high water use or the leaf cooling effect on biomass retention under high temperature is genotype-dependent and possibly due to variations in leaf morpho-physiological traits. These findings are useful for breeding programs to develop climate resilient wheat cultivars.
An assessment of vulnerability to poverty in Punjab, Pakistan
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-07-2017
Effect of zeolite application on phenology, grain yield and grain quality in rice under water stress
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Application of compost and clay under water-stressed conditions influences functional diversity of rhizosphere bacteria
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-09-2018
The effect of tillage on nitrogen use efficiency in maize (Zea mays L.) in a ridge–furrow plastic film mulch system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas Regulate Photosynthetic Capacity and Antioxidant Defense Systems to Mediate Salt Tolerance in Maize
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-10-2020
Abstract: Salt stress inhibits photosynthetic process and triggers excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study examined the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association in regulating photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant activity in leaves of two maize genotypes (salt-tolerant JD52 and salt-sensitive FSY1) exposed to salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in soils for 21 days. The leaf water content, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic capacity in non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants were decreased by salt stress, especially in FSY1, with less reduction in AM plants than NM plants. Salinity increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)) in both genotypes regardless of AM inoculation, but decreased the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA)), especially in FSY1, with less decrease in AM plants than NM plants. The AM plants, especially JD52, maintained higher photosynthetic capacity, CO2 fixation efficiency, and ability to preserve membrane integrity than NM plants under salt stress, as also indicated by the higher antioxidant contents and lower malondialdehyde (MDA)/electrolyte leakage in leaves. To conclude, the higher salt tolerance in AM plants correlates with the alleviation of salinity-induced oxidative stress and membrane damage, and the better performance of photosynthesis could have also contributed to this effect through reduced ROS formation. The greater improvements in photosynthetic processes and antioxidant defense systems by AM fungi in FSY1 than JD52 under salinity demonstrate genotypic variation in antioxidant defenses for mycorrhizal amelioration of salt stress.
Quantifying the compensatory effect of increased soil temperature under plastic film mulching on crop growing degree days in a wheat-maize rotation system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Adaptation of Grain Legumes to Terminal Drought after Rice Harvest in Timor-Leste
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-08-2021
Abstract: In Timor-Leste, most paddy fields are abandoned after rice harvest due to limited water resources for another rice production cycle, particularly in lowland coastal areas. There is substantial scope for including legumes and other crops in the rice–fallow system in Timor-Leste. This study investigated the adaptation of grain legumes to terminal drought. The experiment was undertaken in 2018 and 2019 at field sites in Vemase and Laleia, respectively, on the northeast coast of Timor-Leste. The experiments used a split-plot design with two factors (water treatment and species) and three blocks (Vemase site) or four blocks (Laleia site). In 2018, the water treatments were well-watered control (W0), water withheld from flower initiation to maturity (W1), and water withheld after seedling establishment to maturity (W2). In 2019, the water treatments were well-watered control (W0) and water withheld from flower initiation to maturity (W1). Grain legumes were mungbean and soybean tested against grass pea (cv. Ceora), a well-known drought-adapted grain legume. The measured parameters included soil water content, crop phenology, plant growth and development, yield and yield components. The experiments revealed that mungbean is the most suitable grain legume crop after rice harvest under moderate drought conditions, while soybean is the preferred option under severe drought. Grass pea could be the best adaptive grain legume under severe drought in Timor-Leste when combined with the worsening conditions of climate change.
Morphophysiological Responses and Tolerance Mechanisms in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Under Drought Stress
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-01-2023
Drying the surface soil reduces the nitrogen content of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) through a reduction in nitrogen fixation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-10-2011
Film fully-mulched ridge-furrow cropping affects soil biochemical properties and maize nutrient uptake in a rainfed semi-arid environment
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-06-2014
Alleviating Plant Water Stress with Biofertilizers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-03-2023
Improving Wheat Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiency through the Optimization of Phosphorus Fertilizer Types Based on Soil P Pool Characteristics in Calcareous and Non-Calcareous Soil
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-03-2023
Abstract: Irrational phosphorus (P) nutrient management practices often fail to match of P fertilizer type, soil P transformation and crop P demand, lead to increased accumulation of legacy P, reduced PUE, and pollution, affecting crop production. A pot experiment incorporating soil types and P fertilizer types (SSP, simple superphosphate CMP, calcium magnesium phosphate DAP, diammonium phosphate TSP, triple superphosphate APP, ammonium polyphosphate CK, no P application) to establish coupling of the soil and P fertilizer types, soil P pool characteristics, crop P uptake. In calcareous soil, the available P concentrations in rhizosphere soil were higher under TSP and DAP, with the increase in NaHCO3-Pi concentration the most. In non-calcareous soil, the NaHCO3-Pi and NaOH-Pi increased the most under SSP, DAP, and TSP at anthesis. Shoot P accumulation at maturity was highest under TSP and APP, TSP and DAP, respectively, in the two soil. TSP and APP significantly increased yield and PUE in the calcareous soil, while TSP and DAP performed better in the non-calcareous soil. NaHCO3-Pi and NaOH-Po are potentially available P sources in calcareous and non-calcareous soil, which remarkably affect shoot P uptake through H2O-P. Comprehensive assessment of the relationship between soil P pool characteristics, yield and PUE, TSP and APP are recommended for application in calcareous soils and TSP and DAP for application in non-calcareous soils in wheat cropping systems.
The number of cultivars in varietal winter-wheat mixtures influence aboveground biomass and grain yield in North China
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-04-2019
Cutting improves the productivity of lucerne-rich stands used in the revegetation of degraded arable land in a semi-arid environment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-07-2015
DOI: 10.1038/SREP12130
Abstract: Understanding the relationships between vegetative and environmental variables is important for revegetation and ecosystem management on the Loess Plateau, China. Lucerne ( Medicago sativa L.) has been widely used in the region to improve revegetation, soil and water conservation and to enhance livestock production. However, there is little information on how environmental factors influence long-term succession in lucerne-rich vegetation. Our objective was to identify the main environmental variables controlling the succession process in lucerne-rich vegetation such that native species are not suppressed after sowing on the Loess Plateau. Vegetation and soil surveys were performed in 31 lucerne fields (three lucerne fields without any management from 2003–2013 and 28 fields containing 11-year-old lucerne with one cutting each year). Time after planting was the most important factor affecting plant species succession. Cutting significantly affected revegetation characteristics, such as aboveground biomass, plant density and ersity. Soil moisture content, soil organic carbon, soil available phosphorus and slope aspect were key environmental factors affecting plant species composition and aboveground biomass, density and ersity. Long-term cutting can cause self-thinning in lucerne, maintain the stability of lucerne production and slow its degradation. For effective management of lucerne fields, phosphate fertilizer should be applied and cutting performed.
Precipitation dominates the transpiration of both the economic forest (Malus pumila) and ecological forest (Robinia pseudoacacia) on the Loess Plateau after about 15 years of water depletion in deep soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Plasticity of root traits in a seedling apple intercropping system driven by drought stress on the Loess Plateau of China
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-08-2022
Recent progress in bio-mediated synthesis and applications of engineered nanomaterials for sustainable agriculture
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 03-10-2022
Abstract: The ever-increasing demand for agricultural food products, medicine, and other commercial sectors requires new technologies for agricultural practices and promoting the optimum utilization of natural resources. The application of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) enhance the biomass production and yield of food crop while resisting harmful environmental stresses. Bio-mediated synthesis of ENMs are time-efficient, low-cost, environmentally friendly, green technology. The precedence of using a bio-mediated route over conventional precursors for ENM synthesis is non-toxic and readily available. It possesses many active agents that can facilitate the reduction and stabilization processes during nanoparticle formation. This review presents recent developments in bio-mediated ENMs and green synthesis techniques using plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria, including significant contributions to identifying major ENM applications in agriculture with potential impacts on sustainability, such as the role of different ENMs in agriculture and their impact on different plant species. The review also covers the advantages and disadvantages of different ENMs and potential future research in this field.
Agricultural Soil Sustainability and Carbon Management
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2023
A comprehensive analysis of Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) gene for salinity tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-09-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-022-20771-X
Abstract: Soil salinity affects various crop cultivation but legumes are the most sensitive to salinity. Osmotic stress is the first stage of salinity stress caused by excess salts in the soil on plants which adversely affects the growth instantly. The Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase ( TPS ) genes play a key role in the regulation of abiotic stresses resistance from the high expression of different isoform. Selected genotypes were evaluated to estimate for salt tolerance as well as genetic variability at morphological and molecular level. Allelic variations were identified in some of the selected genotypes for the TPS gene. A comprehensive analysis of the TP S gene from selected genotypes was conducted. Presence of significant genetic variability among the genotypes was found for salinity tolerance. This is the first report of allelic variation of TPS gene from chickpea and results indicates that the SNPs present in these conserved regions may contribute largely to functional distinction. The nucleotide sequence analysis suggests that the TPS gene sequences were found to be conserved among the genotypes. Some selected genotypes were evaluated to estimate for salt tolerance as well as for comparative analysis of physiological, molecular and allelic variability for salt responsive gene Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase through sequence similarity. Allelic variations were identified in some selected genotypes for the TPS gene. It is found that Pusa362, Pusa1103, and IG5856 are the most salt-tolerant lines and the results indicates that the identified genotypes can be used as a reliable donor for the chickpea improvement programs for salinity tolerance.
Adsorption and immobilization performance of pine-cone pristine and engineered biochars for antimony in aqueous solution and military shooting range soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.120723
Abstract: Antimony (Sb-V), a carcinogenic metalloid, is becoming prevalent in water and soil due to anthropogenic activities. Biochar could be an effective remedy for Sb(V)-contaminated water and soil. In this study, we used pristine and engineered pinecone-derived biochar as an innovative approach for treating Sb(V)-contaminated water and shooting range soil. Biochar was produced from pine-cone waste (pristine biochar) and enriched with Fe and Al salts via saturation (engineered biochar). Adsorption tests in water revealed that iron-modified biochar showed higher adsorption capacity (8.68 mg g
Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis to characterize alkali stress responses in canola (Brassica napus L.)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Biochar, Compost, and Biochar–Compost Blend Applications Modulate Growth, Photosynthesis, Osmolytes, and Antioxidant System of Medicinal Plant Alpinia zerumbet
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-08-2021
Abstract: Alpinia zerumbet (Zingiberaceae) is a unique ornamental and medicinal plant primarily used in food ingredients and traditional medicine. While organic amendments such as biochar (BC) and compost (Co) have been demonstrated to improve plant productivity, no studies have examined their effects on the growth, physiology, and secondary metabolites of A. zerumbet . This study evaluated the impact of the amendment of BC, Co, or a biochar and compost mixture (BC+Co) on modifying and improving the growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant status, and secondary metabolism of A. zerumbet grown on sandy loam soil. The morpho-physiological and biochemical investigation revealed variation in the response of A. zerumbet to organic amendments. The amendment of BC and BC+Co significantly increased net photosynthetic rates of plants by more than 28%, chlorophyll a and b contents by 92 and 78%, respectively, and carboxylation efficiency by 50% compared with those grown in the sandy loam soil without amendment. Furthermore, the amendment significantly decreased plant oxidative stress, measured as leaf free proline and glycine betaine. Enzymatic antioxidant activity, total phenols, and flavonoids also varied in their response to the organic amendments. In conclusion, this study shows that BC and/or Co amendments are an efficient and sustainable method for improving the metabolite contents and reducing oxidative stress in A. zerumbet .
Nodule Formation and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Are Important for Soybean to Adapt to Water and P Deficit Conditions
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-08-2022
DOI: 10.3390/AGRICULTURE12091326
Abstract: Drought stress and phosphorus (P) deficit decrease soybean P and nitrogen (N) accumulation, which limits soybean productivity. Therefore, soybean traits related to N and P uptake and/or their efficient utilization are important for soybean adaptation to P- and water-deficit conditions. We hypothesize that increasing soybean nodulation to enhance N and P uptake, and/or improving N and P use efficiency (PUE and NUE) are important for the adaptation of soybean to drought and low P conditions. To test this hypothesis, we selected four genotypes with different nodule dry weight (DW) and yield performance for a pot experiment under two water treatments [well-watered (WW) and cycle water stress (WS)] and three P levels [0 (P0, low), 60 (P60, mid), and 120 (P120, high) mg P kg−1 dry soil on top 40 cm]. Our study showed that P deficit and water stress significantly decreased soybean P and N accumulation, which limited seed yield under both WS and WW conditions. P addition increased soybean nodule dry weight (DW), thus increasing N and P uptake. Increasing nodule DW required high water use, and while there was no relationship found between nodule DW and yield under WS, a positive relationship under WW was shown. Partitioning more dry matter to seed could improve NUE and PUE. P addition did not change soybean NUE, which is important to yield determination under WS and P0 but has no effect on yield under WW. We conclude that increasing nodule formation improved soybean N and P uptake, which diminished the yield loss under WS and improved yield performance under WW. While high NUE reflects efficient utilization of N, which can improve yield under drought stress and low P availability, and does not impair the yield under WW. We propose that NUE and nodules are important traits for breeders to improve the tolerance to water- and P-deficit conditions.
Spatiotemporal exploration of ecosystem service, urbanization, and their interactive coercing relationship in the Yellow River Basin over the past 40 years
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.159757
Abstract: Understanding how ecosystem services (ESs) interact with urbanization is crucial for formulating sustainable development policies. Although previous literature has paid attention to this topic, information on complex spatiotemporal interactions between ESs and urbanization remains inadequate, especially in the Yellow River Basin (YRB), a typical basin that will usher in rapid progress of ecological protection and urbanization. In this study, we constructed a framework for evaluating ecosystem service values (ESV) and urbanization by synthesizing multi-source data in the YRB from 1980 to 2018, and further revealing the interactive coercing mechanisms of ESV and urbanization. We found that the YRB has experienced rapid urbanization, with an increasing growth trend for all urbanization indicators, especially from 2000 onwards. ESV had a significant negative correlation with urbanization, showing a decreasing trend with urbanization growth before 2000, but reversed this trend after 2000 as ecological restoration projects offset the adverse effects of urbanization on ESV. Furthermore, while significant negative spatial correlations occurred between ESV and urbanization, these correlations diminished over time. The results also revealed differences in the spatial correlations between global and local scales, with three types of spatial correlations at the local scale: High-Low (high ESV and low urbanization), Low-High (low ESV and high urbanization), and Low-Low (low ESV and low urbanization). Our results contribute to understanding the interactive coercing relationship between ESV and urbanization in the YRB, particularly at the local scale, and insights into coordinating future ecological protection and urban development.
Soil microbial community and network changes after long-term use of plastic mulch and nitrogen fertilization on semiarid farmland
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-0002
Harnessing the Plant Microbiome for Improved Abiotic Stress Tolerance
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2018
Durum wheat with the introgressed TaMATE1B gene shows resistance to terminal drought by ensuring deep root growth in acidic and Al3+-toxic subsoils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-04-2022
The impact of biodegradable carbon sources on microbial clogging of vertical up-flow sand filters treating inorganic nitrogen wastewater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.07.036
Abstract: The addition of biodegradable carbon sources to sand filters can enhance microbial activity but may lead to substrate clogging, a major operational problem. In laboratory-scale soil columns emulating vertical up-flow filters, the clogging effect of two readily biodegradable organic substrates-sucrose as a sugar source and ethanol as an alcohol source-were examined with coarse sand as the substrate medium. Wastewater without the addition of supplemental organics and a 'control' treated with tap water were monitored as references. Changes in saturated hydraulic conductivity were measured for all treatments over time. Other parameters that can influence the clogging rate, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, protein, and polysaccharides, were measured in the influent and effluent wastewater on a weekly basis. At the end of the clogging experiment, the main layer of each filter bed was separated into three sections and saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic matter content, and protein and polysaccharide concentrations were measured in each section. The rate of clogging development in the columns depended on treatment, with ethanol-treated cores clogging more quickly than sucrose-treated cores. Wastewater-treated cores took far longer to clog and the tap water control did not clog, but the saturated hydraulic conductivity declined by 60% over a year. Saturated hydraulic conductivity within the treated cores declined far less than the calculated decline in saturated hydraulic conductivities for the entire cores at the end of the experiment, indicating that clogging in the vicinity of the inlet plate by microbial mats was a major factor influencing the reduction in flow through the columns. To reduce bio-clogging in inlet filters, it may be advantageous to inject organic amendments directly into the bed, rather than pass them through the filters, as is usually the case.
Siphoning novel sources of seedling salinity tolerance from the diverse chickpea landraces
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 14-03-2023
DOI: 10.1071/CP22319
Seed Priming with Salicylic Acid Alleviates Salt Stress Toxicity in Barley by Suppressing ROS Accumulation and Improving Antioxidant Defense Systems, Compared to Halo- and Gibberellin Priming
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-09-2023
Root trait diversity, molecular marker diversity, and trait-marker associations in a core collection of Lupinus angustifolius
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-04-2016
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERW127
Maize yield and water balance is affected by nitrogen application in a film-mulching ridge-furrow system in a semiarid region of China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Characterising root trait variability in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-10-2017
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERW368
Cross-tolerance for drought, heat and salinity stresses in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-02-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JAC.12393
Canopy development modifies water economy of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in south-western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1986
DOI: 10.1071/AR9860599
Abstract: Soil water balance and plant data from a time of sowing trial, and estimates of transpiration efficiency, were used to assess the importance of soil cover, provided by developing canopies, on the water use and its partitioning between soil evaporation and transpiration. As reported in an earlier paper, time of sowing strongly affected the timing and rate of canopy development, and had little effect within years on total water use, which was 221 mm in 1982 and 185 mm in 1983. Time of sowing also modified the pattern of water use, and this was reflected in substantial effects on the partitioning of water use, between soil evaporation and transpiration, and in turn on yield and water use efficiency. Estimated water use by soil evaporation ranged from 100 to 125 mm in 1982 and from 75 to 115 mm in 1983. The majority of this, an average of 80 mm, in 1982 and 75 mm, in 1983, occurred during the winter months, June to August, and varied mildly with soil cover. Soil cover had its greatest effect on water use through transpiration during spring, when temperatures were rising rapidly. Transpiration varied between sowing dates by 20 mm in 1982, and by 40 mm in 1983. Measures to improve water use efficiency should aim to reduce soil evaporation during winter both directly, by increasing soil cover, for ex le, by mulches or earlier-developing canopies, and indirectly by increasing infiltration. In spring, measures to improve water use efficiency should aim at reducing transpiration by minimising canopy development to what is required by the crop to maximise harvest index.
Agricultural soil plastic as a hidden carbon source stimulates microbial activity and increases carbon dioxide emissions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Below-ground physiological processes enhancing phosphorus acquisition in plants
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-11-2021
Differences in foliar phosphorus fractions, rather than in cell-specific phosphorus allocation, underlie contrasting photosynthetic phosphorus use efficiency among chickpea genotypes
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 28-12-2023
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERAC519
Abstract: Although significant intraspecific variation in photosynthetic phosphorus (P) use efficiency (PPUE) has been shown in numerous species, we still know little about the biochemical basis for differences in PPUE among genotypes within a species. Here, we grew two high PPUE and two low PPUE chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes with low P supply in a glasshouse to compare their photosynthesis-related traits, total foliar P concentration ([P]) and chemical P fractions (i.e. inorganic P (Pi), metabolite P, lipid P, nucleic acid P, and residual P). Foliar cell-specific nutrient concentrations including P were characterized using elemental X-ray microanalysis. Genotypes with high PPUE showed lower total foliar [P] without slower photosynthetic rates. No consistent differences in cellular [P] between the epidermis and mesophyll cells occurred across the four genotypes. In contrast, high PPUE was associated with lower allocation to Pi and metabolite P, with PPUE being negatively correlated with the percentage of these two fractions. Furthermore, a lower allocation to Pi and metabolite P was correlated with a greater allocation to nucleic acid P, but not to lipid P. Collectively, our results suggest that a different allocation to foliar P fractions, rather than preferential P allocation to specific leaf tissues, underlies the contrasting PPUE among chickpea genotypes.
RAMP based fingerprinting and assessment of relationships among Australian narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) cultivars
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AR05188
Abstract: Narrow-leafed lupin is a major winter grain legume crop in the Australian farming system and a number of commercial cultivars are currently available to growers. A significant level of polymorphism was detected in narrow-leafed lupin cultivars by the randomly lified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMP) approach, suggesting that cultivars harbour considerable DNA variation. Seventy-seven cultivar-specific markers were found among the 23 lupin cultivars examined and a dichotomous fingerprinting key was developed for the molecular identification of lupin cultivars. Cluster analysis of pairwise distance matrix computed from RAMP profiles grouped the 23 cultivars into 4–5 clusters, which generally agreed with their pedigree relationships.
Estimation of genetic components of variation for salt tolerance in chickpea using generation mean analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-07-2011
Iron fortification of food crops through nanofertilisation
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 18-03-2022
DOI: 10.1071/CP21436
Abstract: Micronutrient deficiencies are a significant cause of malnutrition worldwide, particularly in developing countries, affecting nearly 1.8 billion people worldwide. Agriculture is the primary source of nutrients for humans, but the increasing population and reducing arable lands areas are putting the agricultural sector under pressure, particularly in developing and less developed countries, and calls for intensive farming to increase crop yield to overcome food and nutrients deficiency challenges. Iron is an essential microelement that plays a vital role in plant and human growth, and metabolism, but its deficiency is widely reported and affects nearly one-third of the world population. To combat micronutrient deficiency, crops must have improved nutritional qualities or be biofortified. Several biofortification programs with conventional breeding, biotechnological and agronomic approaches have been implemented with limited success in providing essential nutrients, especially in developing and under-developed countries. The use of nanofertilisers as agronomic biofortification method to increase yields and nutrients, micronutrient availability in soil and uptake in plant parts, and minimising the reliance on harmful chemical fertilisers is essential. Using nanoparticles as nanofertilisers is a promising approach for improving the sustainability of current agricultural practices and for the biofortification of food crop production with essential micronutrients, thus enhanced nutritional quality. This review evaluates the current use of iron nanofertilisers for biofortification in several food crops addressing critical knowledge gaps and challenges that must be addressed to optimise the sustainable application.
Toward Doubled Haploid Production in the Fabaceae: Progress, Constraints, and Opportunities
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2006
Mapping a major gene for growth habit and QTLs for ascochyta blight resistance and flowering time in a population between chickpea and Cicer reticulatum
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2010
Screening of Soybean Genotypes Based on Root Morphology and Shoot Traits Using the Semi-Hydroponic Phenotyping Platform and Rhizobox Technique
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-12-2021
Abstract: Root-system architecture is vital for improving soybean (Glycine max L.) growth and nutrient uptake. We characterised root-system architecture and shoot traits of 30 soybean genotypes in a semi-hydroponic system 35 days after sowing (DAS) and validated eight genotypes with contrasting root-system architecture in 1.5 m-deep rhizoboxes at the flowering stage. Among them, two genotypes were selected for evaluation through to maturity. Abundant variation (coefficient of variation values ≥ 0.25) was observed in 11 of 13 measured roots and shoot traits during the early growth stage. After late growth stages, strong positive correlations were found between root traits and shoot traits, except for specific root length and diameter. Seed yield and yield traits at final harvest significantly differed between two contrasting soybean genotypes. The large-rooted genotype had a higher harvest index than the small-rooted genotype. Soybean genotypes with larger root systems had a long time to flowering than those with smaller root systems. Genotypes with large-root systems had 106% more leaf area, and 245% more shoot dry weight than those with small systems, presumably due to high canopy photosynthesis to supply the demand for carbon assimilates to roots. Total root length, and root: shoot ratio-traits data collected in the rhizobox study, strongly correlated with the same traits in the semi-hydroponic phenotyping system. We found genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity in other root and shoot traits such as taproot depth, root dry weight, specific root length, and average root diameter among the tested genotypes. Phenology, particularly time to flowering, was associated with root system size. Some root and shoot traits in the semi-hydroponic phenotyping system at the seedling stage produced similar rankings at the later phenological (flowering) stage when grown in the soil-filled rhizoboxes. The soybean genotypes characterised by vastly different root traits could be used for further glasshouse and field studies to improve adaptation to drought and other specific environments.
Identification and validation of a major chromosome region for high grain number per spike under meiotic stage water stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 08-03-2018
Large variation in salinity tolerance in chickpea is explained by differences in sensitivity at the reproductive stage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2007
Desi chickpea genotypes tolerate drought stress better than kabuli types by modulating germination metabolism, trehalose accumulation, and carbon assimilation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.PLAPHY.2018.02.020
Abstract: Chickpea is mostly grown in rainfed environments and, consequently, its growth is affected by drought stress. This study comprised two independent experiments to investigate the physiological basis of drought tolerance in desi and kabuli chickpea genotypes. In Experiment 1, six genotypes each of desi and kabuli types were planted in soil-filled pots under natural conditions. Ten days after planting, soil moisture was maintained at 75% water holding capacity (well-watered) or 50% water holding capacity (drought stress). Drought stress significantly reduced seedling dry weight, specific leaf area (SLA), and transpiration efficiency (TE) in both chickpea types, relative to the well-watered controls, but their responses varied, with relatively fewer reductions in desi genotypes, Bakhar-2011 and Bitall-2016, and kabuli genotypes, K-70005 and Noor-2013. These four genotypes were used in experiment 2, which was similar to the first but conducted in a climate chamber and the drought was imposed at planting. Drought stress reduced stand establishment, growth, photosynthesis, water relations, α-amylase activity, sugar metabolism, proline, phenolic accumulation, nitrogen and potassium to varying degrees in the four tested genotypes. The reductions were greater in kabuli genotypes than desi genotypes. Under drought stress, desi genotypes germinated better, and had higher trehalose, total and reducing sugars, sucrose, α-amylase activity, photosynthesis, growth, and mineral concentrations than kabuli genotypes. The desi genotype Bakhar-2011 performed better under drought than the desi genotype Bitall-2016 due to better germination metabolism and accumulation of free proline, total phenolics, and trehalose, which maintained carbon assimilation and prevented oxidative damage. In conclusion, desi chickpea types tolerate drought stress better than kabuli types due to better germination metabolism and trehalose accumulation, which prevented oxidative damage, helped with efficient water use, and sustained plant growth.
Soil salinity and climate change
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 05-05-2021
Productivity and water use of alfalfa and subsequent crops in the semiarid Loess Plateau with different stand ages of alfalfa and crop sequences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
Studies on Sowing Depth for Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) and Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) in a Mediterranean-type Environment of South-western Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-1999
Developing future heat-resilient vegetable crops
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-01-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10142-023-00967-8
Abstract: Climate change seriously impacts global agriculture, with rising temperatures directly affecting the yield. Vegetables are an essential part of daily human consumption and thus have importance among all agricultural crops. The human population is increasing daily, so there is a need for alternative ways which can be helpful in maximizing the harvestable yield of vegetables. The increase in temperature directly affects the plants’ biochemical and molecular processes having a significant impact on quality and yield. Breeding for climate-resilient crops with good yields takes a long time and lots of breeding efforts. However, with the advent of new omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, the efficiency and efficacy of unearthing information on pathways associated with high-temperature stress resilience has improved in many of the vegetable crops. Besides omics, the use of genomics-assisted breeding and new breeding approaches such as gene editing and speed breeding allow creation of modern vegetable cultivars that are more resilient to high temperatures. Collectively, these approaches will shorten the time to create and release novel vegetable varieties to meet growing demands for productivity and quality. This review discusses the effects of heat stress on vegetables and highlights recent research with a focus on how omics and genome editing can produce temperature-resilient vegetables more efficiently and faster.
Impact of Abiotic Stresses on Grain Composition and Quality in Food Legumes
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-08-2018
Abstract: Grain quality and composition in food legumes are influenced by abiotic stresses. This review discusses the influence of abiotic stresses on grain composition and quality in food grains. Grain protein declines under salt stress due to the restricted absorption of nitrate from the soil solution. Grain phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium contents declined whereas sodium and chloride increased. However, under drought, grain protein increased whereas the oil contents were decreased. For ex le, among fatty acids, oleic acid content increased however, linoleic and/or linolenic acids were decreased under drought. Heat stress increased grain oil content whereas grain protein was decreased. Low temperature during late pod-filling reduced starch, protein, soluble sugar, fat, and fiber contents. However, an elevated CO
Aerated drip irrigation improves water and nitrogen uptake efficiencies of tomato roots with associated changes in the antioxidant system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Physiological responses to drought stress in wild relatives of wheat: implications for wheat improvement
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-03-2017
Heat stress effects on the reproductive physiology and yield of wheat
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-11-2022
DOI: 10.1111/JAC.12572
Abstract: Climate change is adversely affecting wheat yields as the associated rising temperatures damage its reproductive physiology. Heat stress affects wheat at various stages of growth, but flowering and reproductive phases are the most sensitive to high temperatures as flower opening usually occurs in cooler environments. Heat stress at meiosis causes ovule and pollen sterility along with anther dehiscence. During pollen development, temperatures °C cause pollen abortion. At anthesis, heat stress limits resource translocation to developing grain, resulting in small grain and low yields. During grain development, heat stress shortens the grain‐filling duration and decreases starch and protein accumulation due to reduced activity of grain biosynthesis enzymes and impaired flag leaf assimilatory efficiency and stem reserve mobilization. The development of heat‐tolerant wheat genotypes through screening, selection and breeding using genetic engineering, exogenous application of osmoprotectants and agronomic approaches is a high priority. This review discusses the impact of heat stress on flower development and fertilization, grain development and reproductive failure in wheat and outlines strategies (i.e. breeding and selection, genetic engineering, molecular breeding and management) to improve heat tolerance in wheat.
Sustainable Soil Management for Food Security in South Asia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-10-2021
Phenotypic variability and modelling of root structure of wild Lupinus angustifolius genotypes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-08-2011
Photosynthesis is reduced, and seeds fail to set and fill at similar soil water contents in Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) subjected to terminal drought
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-10-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JAC.12102
Nanobiotechnology for Agriculture: Smart Technology for Combating Nutrient Deficiencies with Nanotoxicity Challenges
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-02-2021
DOI: 10.3390/SU13041781
Abstract: Nanobiotechnology in agriculture is a driver for modern-day smart, efficient agricultural practices. Nanoparticles have been shown to stimulate plant growth and disease resistance. The goal of sustainable farming can be accomplished by developing and sustainably exploiting the fruits of nanobiotechnology to balance the advantages nanotechnology provides in tackling environmental challenges. This review aims to advance our understanding of nanobiotechnology in relevant areas, encourage interactions within the research community for broader application, and benefit society through innovation to realize sustainable agricultural practices. This review critically evaluates what is and is not known in the domain of nano-enabled agriculture. It provides a holistic view of the role of nanobiotechnology in multiple facets of agriculture, from the synthesis of nanoparticles to controlled and targeted delivery, uptake, translocation, recognition, interaction with plant cells, and the toxicity potential of nanoparticle complexes when presented to plant cells.
Genotypic Variation for Tolerance to Transient Drought During the Reproductive Phase of Brassica rapa
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-11-2015
DOI: 10.1111/JAC.12107
Extraction and identification methods of microplastics and nanoplastics in agricultural soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Biofilm formation and its implications on the properties and fate of microplastics in aquatic environments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Root-omics for drought tolerance in cool-season grain legumes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-12-2021
DOI: 10.1111/PPL.13313
Gobi agriculture: an innovative farming system that increases energy and water use efficiencies. A review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-10-2018
Phenology determines water use strategies of three economic tree species in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Effect of different straw returning measures on resource use efficiency and spring maize yield under a plastic film mulch system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Emerging as an Effective Bioinoculant to Improve the Growth, Production, and Stress Tolerance of Vegetable Crops
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-11-2021
Abstract: Vegetable cultivation is a promising economic activity, and vegetable consumption is important for human health due to the high nutritional content of vegetables. Vegetables are rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and several phytochemical compounds. However, the production of vegetables is insufficient to meet the demand of the ever-increasing population. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) facilitate the growth and production of vegetable crops by acquiring nutrients, producing phytohormones, and protecting them from various detrimental effects. In this review, we highlight well-developed and cutting-edge findings focusing on the role of a PGPR-based bioinoculant formulation in enhancing vegetable crop production. We also discuss the role of PGPR in promoting vegetable crop growth and resisting the adverse effects arising from various abiotic (drought, salinity, heat, heavy metals) and biotic (fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and insect pests) stresses.
Chickpea: Agronomy
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2015
Enhancing nutrient recovery from food waste anaerobic digestate
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Challenges of the establishment of rubber-based agroforestry systems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Decreased greenhouse gas intensity of winter wheat production under plastic film mulching in semi-arid areas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
An in-situ rainwater collection and infiltration system to improve plant-available water and fine root growth for drought resistance
Publisher: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.13031/AEA.13566
Abstract: Highlights An in-situ rainwater collection and infiltration (RWCI) method is a rainwater catchment utilization technique RWCI is advantageous for increasing sustainable plant-avaibale water to increase drought resistance RWCI significantly increased the amount of water and nutrients in the rhizosphere for uptake by apple tree roots ABSTRACT . A two-year field experiment was undertaken to determine the spatial distribution of plant-available water and roots in soil profiles under two rainfall control systems—an in-situ rainwater collection and infiltration (RWCI) method and a semi-circular basin (SCB)—in apple orchards in the Loess Plateau of China. The results showed that the RWCI treatments with a soil depth of 40 cm (RWCI40), 60 cm (RWCI60), and 80 cm (RWCI80) significantly increased plant-available water in different seasons and depths and increased root growth of apple trees in the experimental soil profile (0–200 cm). At 0–200 cm soil depth, then RWCI treatments had significantly higher (91.86%-110.01%) mean plant-available water storage (PAWS) than the SCB treatment in both study years (2015 and 2016). From 0–120 cm soil depth, the RWCI60 treatment had significantly higher growing season mean PAWS than RWCI40 and RWCI80 however, RWCI80 had the highest from 120–200 cm. From 0–60 cm, the RWCI treatments had 25.84%-36.86% a smaller proportion of root system than the SCB treatment. However, from 60–120 cm, the proportion of root system increased by 131.53% (RWCI40), 157.95% (RWCI60) and 129.98% (RWCI80), relative to SCB. From 0–200 cm, the RWCI treatments had 1.49–1.94 times more root dry weight density than the SCB treatment. The highest concentration of fine roots occurred in the RWCI treatments. Thus, RWCI enabled roots to absorb more water and nutrients from a wider wetted area and improved drought resistance. Keywords: Drought resistance, Fine roots, Loess Plateau, Plant-available water, Spatial distribution.
Successful stem cutting propagation of chickpea, its wild relatives and their interspecific hybrids
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/EA05207
Abstract: A successful stem cutting method was developed to propagate chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), its crossable wild annual relatives (C. reticulatum Ladiz. and C. echinospermum P.H. Davis) and their interspecific hybrids. The effect of plant growth regulator powder (0.5 mg/g indole butyric acid and 0.5 mg/g naphthalene acetic acid), honey, combined honey + plant growth regulator powder, different growth stages of the donor plant, and rooting substrates on rooting rate, root number, root length, and survival rate were investigated. The highest propagation success rate was achieved when cuttings were taken at the pre-flowering stage, treated with plant growth regulator powder and grown in a sand + potting mix substrate. The rooting rate ranged from 87.5 to 100% for chickpea, C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum, and interspecific hybrids. All of the accessions examined in the study were successfully propagated with the new method. This study provides a simple and efficient technique for vegetative propagation of Cicer species which will be useful for the multiplication of seed, production of clones for disease screening or for the development of mapping populations.
Sowing soil water content effects on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): seedling emergence and early growth interaction with genotype and seed size
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2009
Resilience achieved via multiple compensating subsystems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of two RIL parents with contrasting salt responsiveness identifies polyadenylated and non-polyadenylated flower lncRNAs in chickpea
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-05-2022
DOI: 10.1111/PBI.13822
Abstract: Salinity severely affects the yield of chickpea. Understanding the role of lncRNAs can shed light on chickpea salt tolerance mechanisms. However, because lncRNAs are encoded by multiple sites within the genome, their classification to reveal functional versatility at the transcriptional and the post‐transcriptional levels is challenging. To address this, we deep sequenced 24 salt‐challenged flower transcriptomes from two parental genotypes of a RIL population that significantly differ in salt tolerance ability. The transcriptomes for the first time included 12 polyadenylated and 12 non‐polyadenylated RNA libraries to a sequencing depth of ~50 million reads. The ab initio transcriptome assembly comprised ~34 082 transcripts from three biological replicates of salt‐tolerant (JG11) and salt‐sensitive (ICCV2) flowers. A total of 9419 lncRNAs responding to salt stress were identified, 2345 of which were novel lncRNAs specific to chickpea. The expression of poly(A+) lncRNAs and naturally antisense transcribed RNAs suggest their role in post‐transcriptional modification and gene silencing. Notably, 178 differentially expressed lncRNAs were induced in the tolerant genotype but repressed in the sensitive genotype. Co‐expression network analysis revealed that the induced lncRNAs interacted with the FLOWERING LOCUS ( FLC ), chromatin remodelling and DNA methylation genes, thus inducing flowering during salt stress. Furthermore, 26 lncRNAs showed homology with reported lncRNAs such as COOLAIR , IPS1 and AT4 , thus confirming the role of chickpea lncRNAs in controlling flowering time as a crucial salt tolerance mechanism in tolerant chickpea genotype. These robust set of differentially expressed lncRNAs provide a deeper insight into the regulatory mechanisms controlled by lncRNAs under salt stress.
Alkaline Salt Inhibits Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Canola More Than Neutral Salt
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 27-01-2022
Abstract: Salinity is a major constraint to crop growth and productivity, limiting sustainable agriculture production. Planting canola ( Brassica napus L.) variety with salinity-alkalinity tolerance as a green manure on the large area of salinity-affected land in Xinjiang could alleviate feed shortage. To investigate the differential effects of neutral and alkaline salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth of canola, we used two salts at varying concentrations, i.e., NaCl (neutral salt at 100, 150, and 200 mM) and Na 2 CO 3 (alkaline salt at 20, 30, and 40 mM). To further explore the effects of Na + and pH on seed germination, we included combined of NaCl (0, 100, 150, and 200 mM) and pH (7.1, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, and 11.0). Shoot growth was promoted by low concentrations of NaCl and Na 2 CO 3 but inhibited at high salt concentrations. Given the same Na + concentration, Na 2 CO 3 inhibited seed germination and seedling growth more than NaCl. The results showed that the main factor affecting seed germination and seedling growth is not pH alone, but the interaction between pH and salt ions. Under NaCl stress, canola increased the absorption of K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ in roots and K + in leaves. However, under Na 2 CO 3 stress, canola maintained a high K + concentration and K + /Na + ratio in leaves and increased Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in roots. Our study showed that alkaline salts inhibit canola seed germination and seedling growth more significantly than neutral salts and salt species, salt concentration, and pH significantly affected on seed germination and seedling growth. However, pH affected seed germination and seedling growth mainly through an interaction with salt ions.
Zinc nutrition in chickpea (Cicer arietinum)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1071/CP19357
Abstract: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important grain legume that is grown and consumed all over the world. Chickpea is mostly grown in rainfed areas and marginal soils with low available zinc (Zn) however, its productivity is affected by micronutrient deficiencies in soil, particularly Zn deficiency. Zinc is a structural constituent and regulatory cofactor of enzymes involved in various plant biochemical pathways. As such, Zn deficiency impairs plant growth and development by reducing enzyme activity, disturbing ribosomal stabilisation, and decreasing the rate of protein synthesis. Moreover, Zn deficiency induces flower abortion and ovule infertility, leading to low seedset and substantial yield reductions. Nonetheless, inclusion of chickpea in cropping systems (e.g. rice–wheat), either in rotation or intercropped with cereals, improves Zn availability in the soil through the release of phosphatases, carboxylates, and protons by roots and soil microbes. This review discusses the role of Zn in chickpea biology, various factors affecting Zn availability, and Zn dynamics in soil and chickpea-based cropping systems. The review also covers innovative breeding strategies for developing Zn-efficient varieties, biofortification, and agronomic approaches for managing Zn deficiency in chickpea. Strategies to improve grain yield and grain Zn concentration in chickpea through use of different Zn-application methods—soil, foliar and seed treatments—that are simple, efficient and cost-effective for farmers are also discussed. Screening of efficient genotypes for root Zn uptake and translocation to the grain should be included in breeding programs to develop Zn-efficient chickpea genotypes.
Development of DNA fingerprinting keys for discrimination of Cicer echinospermum (P.H. Davis) accessions using AFLP markers
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/AR04080
Abstract: To test the hypothesis that DNA markers associated with specific genetic make-up can be detected and used to discriminate genotypes, lified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were produced for 14 accessions in Cicer echinospermum, a close relative of Cicer arietinum (chickpea). Six selective lification primer combinations produced high polymorphism with average polymorphic loci of 77.2%. The polymorphism detected in this study enabled fingerprinting keys to be established to discriminate accessions within C. echinospermum. Results showed that molecular analysis using AFLP was a good and reliable technique to differentiate C. echinospermum accessions and to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships between them, which could help parental selection in chickpea improvement programs.
Deficit irrigation improves maize yield and water use efficiency in a semi-arid environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
A bioassay for prosulfocarb, pyroxasulfone and trifluralin detection and quantification in soil and crop residues
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1071/CP18026
Abstract: Three experiments were conducted to develop a bioassay method for assessing the bioavailability of prosulfocarb, pyroxasulfone and trifluralin in both crop residue and soil. In preliminary experiments, Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) were tested as bioassay plant species for the three pre-emergent herbicides. Four growth parameters (shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight) were measured for all plant species. Shoot-length inhibition was identified as the most responsive to the herbicide application rates. Italian ryegrass was the most sensitive species to all tested herbicides, whereas beetroot and cucumber had lower and similar sensitivity to shoot inhibition for the three herbicides. The bioassay species performed similarly in wheat and canola residues collected a few days after harvest. In bioassay calibration experiments, dose–response curves were developed for prosulfocarb, pyroxasulfone and trifluralin in a sandy loam soil typical of the grain belt of Western Australia and with wheat residue. The developed bioassay uses ryegrass shoot inhibition for relatively low suspected concentrations of herbicide, and cucumber shoot inhibition for higher rates. The bioassay was validated by spraying the three herbicides separately onto wheat residue and soil and comparing the concentrations derived from chemical analysis with those from the bioassay. All of the linear correlations between concentrations derived from chemical analyses and the bioassays were highly significant. These results indicate that the bioassay calibration curves are suitable for estimating herbicide concentrations in crop residue collected soon after harvest and a sandy-loam soil, low in organic matter.
Heat Stress during Meiosis Has Lasting Impacts on Plant Growth and Reproduction in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-04-2022
Abstract: Meiosis is the least explored stage for thermotolerance in wheat. We evaluated the impact of 5 d of moderate transient daily heat stress during meiosis in the main stem spike on physiological and grain yield traits in 30 erse wheat cultivars which vary widely in heat tolerance and sensitivity. We found that a moderate heat stress event during meiosis in the main stem spike had lasting impacts on plant growth and reproduction in heat-sensitive, but not heat-tolerant, wheat cultivars. Heat-tolerant cultivars maintained grain yield, grain number and in idual grain weight in the main stem spike and also total plant grain yield and biomass in the heat stress treatment relative to the control. Heat-sensitive cultivars responded to heat stress by producing fewer and smaller grains per spikelet on the main stem, fewer tillers, lower biomass and lower total plant grain yield in the high temperature treatment relative to the control. Heat-sensitive cultivars produced higher flag leaf chlorophyll content in the high temperature treatment relative to the control than heat-tolerant cultivars during the first 3 d of heat treatment. There was small reduction in pollen viability from 98% to 96% following heat stress during meiosis which was unrelated to heat tolerance or sensitivity. Moderate transient heat stress during meiosis did not greatly reduce the production of viable male gametes, but had long-lasting negative impacts on fertilization and subsequent seed production in heat-sensitive cultivars.
Deep learning for check dam area extraction with optical images and digital elevation model
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-06-2023
DOI: 10.1002/ESP.5652
Multi-omics assisted breeding for biotic stress resistance in soybean
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-01-2023
Nitrogen retards and oxygen accelerates colour darkening in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) during storage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
Wild relatives of wheat: Aegilops–Triticum accessions disclose differential antioxidative and physiological responses to water stress
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-04-2018
Agricultural Innovation and Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Rice–Wheat Cropping Systems in South Asia
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-02-2021
DOI: 10.3390/SU13041965
Abstract: The rice–wheat cropping system is the main food bowl in Asia, feeding billions across the globe. However, the productivity and long-term sustainability of this system are threatened by stagnant crop yields and greenhouse gas emissions from flooded rice production. The negative environmental consequences of excessive nitrogen fertilizer use are further exacerbating the situation, along with the high labor and water requirements of transplanted rice. Residue burning in rice has also severe environmental concerns. Under these circumstances, many farmers in South Asia have shifted from transplanted rice to direct-seeded rice and reported water and labor savings and reduced methane emissions. There is a need for opting the precision agriculture techniques for the sustainable management of nutrients. Allelopathic crops could be useful in the rotation for weed management, the major yield-reducing factor in direct-seeded rice. Legume incorporation might be a viable option for improving soil health. As governments in South Asia have imposed a strict ban on the burning of rice residues, the use of rice-specific harvesters might be a pragmatic option to manage rice residues with yield and premium advantage. However, the soil/climatic conditions and farmer socio-economic conditions must be considered while promoting these technologies in rice-wheat system in South Asia.
Grain development in wheat under combined heat and drought stress
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Responses of cool-season grain legumes and wheat to soil-applied zinc
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-03-2001
Drought or/and Heat-Stress Effects on Seed Filling in Food Crops: Impacts on Functional Biochemistry, Seed Yields, and Nutritional Quality
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 27-11-2018
Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium resorption responses of alfalfa to increasing soil water and P availability in a semi-arid environment
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-02-2020
Abstract: In semi-arid areas, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is widely grown, but its growth is often restricted due to limited rainfall and soil nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P). Nutrient resorption is an effective strategy for dealing with nutrient shortages. Alleviation of these limited resources using film mulch and P fertilization—which are common practices in semi-arid areas—can affect the internal recycling of such nutrients. Little is known about such effects in alfalfa and the relationship between resorption efficiency and forage yield. We conducted a two-year field experiment in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China using film mulch and P fertilization to investigate the response to long-term increasing soil water and P availability on leaf nitrogen (N), P, and potassium (K) concentrations and nutrient resorption characteristics in alfalfa. In green leaves, mulching significantly increased P concentration by an average of 5.5% but it had no significant effect on N concentration over two years, and it decreased K concentration by 16.1% in 2017. P fertilization significantly increased N concentrations to a greater degree in 2018 (8.1%) than 2017 (1.6%). P fertilization also significantly increased P concentrations by an average of 34.1% over two years. In contrast, P fertilization significantly decreased K concentration in the mulched treatment by an average of 17.3% in 2017 and 21.8% in 2018, but it had no effect in the no-mulch treatment. In senescent leaves, mulching significantly increased N concentration by an average of 3.9% and P concentration by an average of 16.7%, but it had no significant effect on K concentration over two years, while P fertilization significantly decreased N and K concentrations over two years by an average of 7.5%, and 32.8%, respectively. P fertilization significantly increased senesced P concentration by an average of 11.9% in 2017 and 17.5% in 2018 and year × mulching × P fertilization had a significant interaction on senesced leaf P concentration. For resorption efficiency, mulching decreased P resorption efficiency by an average of 3.0%, but it had no impact on N or K resorption efficiency, while P fertilization increased the N, P, and K resorption efficiencies in alfalfa by an average of 6.8%, 6.2%, and 76.4% over two years, respectively. Interactive effects of mulching and P fertilization were found on P and K resorption efficiencies over time. In addition, N and K resorption efficiencies were significantly higher in 2018 than in 2017. The application of P fertilizer without mulching resulted in positive correlations between forage yield and N, P, and K resorption efficiencies, but no correlations were observed under film mulch. That is, mulching changed the relationship between forage yield and N, P, and K resorption efficiencies in alfalfa, suggesting that N, P, and K resorption efficiencies may not be related to high yield. Our results provide new insights into the role of nutrient resorption in alfalfa in response to increasing soil water and P availability and the relationship between resorption efficiency and forage yield, which will help us to improve alfalfa yield in semi-arid regions.
Field-scale studies quantify limitations for wheat grain zinc biofortification in dryland areas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Root:shoot ratios of old and modern, tall and semi-dwarf wheats in a Mediterranean environment.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1990
DOI: 10.1007/BF00013101
Intercropping medicinal plants is a new idea for forage production: A case study with ajowan and fenugreek
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-09-2023
DOI: 10.1002/FES3.501
Development of EST-SSR markers in flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee) based on de novo transcriptomic assemblies
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-09-2017
Carbon footprint analysis of sweet sorghum-based bioethanol production in the potential saline - Alkali land of northwest China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Response of chickpea genotypes to low temperature stress during reproductive development
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2004
Comparative proteomics and gene expression analyses revealed responsive proteins and mechanisms for salt tolerance in chickpea genotypes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-02-2019
Ridge planting with transparent plastic mulching improves maize productivity by regulating the distribution and utilization of soil water, heat, and canopy radiation in arid irrigation area
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Non-Coding RNAs in Legumes: Their Emerging Roles in Regulating Biotic/Abiotic Stress Responses and Plant Growth and Development
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-07-2021
Abstract: Noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interference RNAs (siRNAs), circular RNA (circRNA), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), control gene expression at the transcription, post-transcription, and translation levels. Apart from protein-coding genes, accumulating evidence supports ncRNAs playing a critical role in shaping plant growth and development and biotic and abiotic stress responses in various species, including legume crops. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) interact with DNA, RNA, and proteins, modulating their target genes. However, the regulatory mechanisms controlling these cellular processes are not well understood. Here, we discuss the features of various ncRNAs, including their emerging role in contributing to biotic/abiotic stress response and plant growth and development, in addition to the molecular mechanisms involved, focusing on legume crops. Unravelling the underlying molecular mechanisms and functional implications of ncRNAs will enhance our understanding of the coordinated regulation of plant defences against various biotic and abiotic stresses and for key growth and development processes to better design various legume crops for global food security.
Quantitative partitioning of temporal origin of transpiration into pre- and post-plantation under deep-rooted vegetation on the Loess Plateau of China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Dryland agriculture in Australia
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Physiological and biochemical responses of Lawsonia inermis L. to heavy metal pollution in arid environments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Effect of water stress during floral initiation, flowering and podding on the growth and yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1999
Treatment processes to eliminate potential environmental hazards and restore agronomic value of sewage sludge
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2021.118564
Abstract: Land application of sewage sludge is increasingly used as an alternative to landfilling and incineration owing to a considerable content of carbon and essential plant nutrients in sewage sludge. However, the presence of chemical and biological contaminants in sewage sludge poses potential dangers therefore, sewage sludge must be suitably treated before being applied to soils. The most common methods include anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting, lime stabilization, incineration, and pyrolysis. These methods aim at stabilizing sewage sludge, to eliminate its potential environmental pollution and restore its agronomic value. To achieve best results on land, a comprehensive understanding of the transformation of organic matter, nutrients, and contaminants during these sewage-sludge treatments is essential however, this information is still lacking. This review aims to fill this knowledge gap by presenting various approaches to treat sewage sludge, transformation processes of some major nutrients and pollutants during treatment, and potential impacts on soils. Despite these treatments, overtime there are still some potential risks of land application of treated sewage sludge. Potentially toxic substances remain the main concern regarding the reuse of treated sewage sludge on land. Therefore, further treatment may be applied, and long-term field studies are warranted, to prevent possible adverse effects of treated sewage sludge on the ecosystem and human health and enable its land application.
Grower groups and the transformation of agricultural research and extension in Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-08-2015
The nutritional value of Lathyrus cicera and Lupinus angustifolius grain for sheep
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Anthropogenic drivers of soil microbial communities and impacts on soil biological functions in agroecosystems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
A fast silver staining protocol enabling simple and efficient detection of ssr markers using a non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel
Publisher: MyJove Corporation
Date: 20-04-2018
DOI: 10.3791/57192
Benefits and Limitations to Plastic Mulching and Nitrogen Fertilization on Grain Yield and Sulfur Nutrition
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 22-02-2022
Abstract: Plastic mulching (PM) is widely used to improve crop water use efficiency and grain yield, but few studies have reported the effects of PM on cereal crop quality, especially sulfur (S) nutrition of wheat, which has significant effects on grain protein content, dough rheology, baking quality and human health. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a multi-site field experiment on the Loess Plateau from 2014 to 2016 to study the effects of PM combined with nitrogen (N) fertilizer on grain yield, shoot S accumulation, and grain S concentration of winter wheat in dryland. Compared with no mulching (NM), PM increased grain yield by 13.7% but decreased grain S concentration, S requirement for 1,000 kg –1 grain, soil available S concentration, and post-anthesis S uptake by 9.0, 9.7, 24.4, and 51.8%, respectively. Plastic mulching significantly increased shoot S accumulation at anthesis by 19.2%, but there was no significant difference at maturity. Additionally, grain S concentration and S requirement had a linear-plateau relationship with N fertilization amount, reaching maximum values at 110 and 127 kg N ha –1 under PM, 37.5 and 27.0% higher than those under NM. Furthermore, shoot S accumulation and N application rates well-fitted the linear-plateau model at anthesis and maturity. At maturity, straw, grain, and shoots accumulated the most S at threshold N rates of 120, 85 and 110 kg N ha –1 , respectively. Crucially, stem + leaf S concentration at anthesis had a significant linear relationship with grain S concentration under PM a 1 g kg –1 increase in stem leaf concentration corresponded with a 0.24 g kg –1 increase in grain S concentration. This study’s findings suggest that combining soil S supplementation with optimal N fertilizer under PM in northwest China and other regions with similar cropping systems increases grain S concentration and improves nutritional and processing qualities.
Sesbania brown manuring improves soil health, productivity, and profitability of post-rice bread wheat and chickpea
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 21-06-2021
DOI: 10.1017/S0014479721000090
Abstract: Continuous rotation of rice with wheat in rice–wheat system has resulted in stagnant yields and reduced profit margins while deteriorating the soil health. Legume incorporation in existing rice–wheat rotations might be a viable option to improve soil health and productivity. We investigated the influence of puddled transplanted flooded rice and direct-seeded rice on weed dynamics, soil health, productivity, and profitability of post-rice wheat and chickpea grown under zero tillage and conventional tillage. The previous direct-seeded rice crop was either sown alone or intercropped with sesbania as brown manure. The experiment comprised different rice–wheat and rice–chickpea systems which had been in place for two years: with and without rice residue retention. The initial soil analysis indicated that the plots with sesbania brown manuring in direct-seeded rice had the lowest soil bulk density (17.2%) and highest soil porosity (19.3%). Zero tillage in wheat or chickpea in the plots previously cultivated with co-culture of sesbania and direct-seeded rice increased total soil organic carbon by 13–22% in both years. The plots with sesbania brown manuring in direct-seeded rice followed by zero till or conventional till wheat and the plots with direct-seeded rice followed by zero till wheat with rice residue retention recorded the greater concentrations of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium. Zero tillage in wheat and chickpea in post-rice sesbania brown manuring plots produced 41% and 43% more grain yield than those in the puddled transplanted flooded rice with conventional tillage and had the highest profitability. Overall, the rice–chickpea systems had better soil health and profitability than rice–wheat cropping systems. In conclusion, direct-seeded rice intercropped with sesbania followed by wheat and chickpea under zero tillage suppressed weed flora and improved soil physical properties, nutrient availability, productivity, and profitability.
Quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in lupins and prospects for grain quality improvement
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 31-01-2017
Adaptation of faba bean (Vicia faba L) to dryland Mediterranean-type environments . II. Phenology, canopy development, radiation absorbtion and biomass partitioning
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1997
Large-scale density-based screening for pea weevil resistance in advanced backcross lines derived from cultivated field pea (Pisum sativum) and Pisum fulvum
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/CP12225
Abstract: The pea weevil, Bruchus pisorum, is one of the most intractable pest problems of cultivated field pea (Pisum sativum) in the world. Pesticide application, either as a contact insecticide spray to the field pea crop or fumigation of the harvested seed, is the only available method for its control. The aim of the study was to develop a quick and reliable method to screen for pea weevil resistance and increase efficiency in breeding for this important trait. Backcrossed progenies derived from an interspecific cross between cultivated field pea and its wild relative (Pisum fulvum, source of resistance for pea weevil) were subjected to natural infestation in field plots. Mature seeds were hand-harvested, stored to allow development of adult beetles, and then separated into infested and non-infested using a density separation method in 30% caesium chloride (CsCl). Susceptibility and resistance of the progenies were calculated based on this method and further confirmed by a glasshouse bioassay. Resistance in backcross populations improved considerably through selection of resistant lines using the density separation method. We found that the method using CsCl separation is a useful tool in breeding for pea weevil resistance. We were able to introgress pea weevil resistance from P. fulvum into cultivated field pea through backcrossing to produce several advanced pea weevil resistant lines following this procedure.
Modelling predicts that soybean is poised to dominate crop production across A frica
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-11-2018
DOI: 10.1111/PCE.13466
Abstract: The superior agronomic and human nutritional properties of grain legumes (pulses) make them an ideal foundation for future sustainable agriculture. Legume-based farming is particularly important in Africa, where small-scale agricultural systems dominate the food production landscape. Legumes provide an inexpensive source of protein and nutrients to African households as well as natural fertilization for the soil. Although the consumption of traditionally grown legumes has started to decline, the production of soybeans (Glycine max Merr.) is spreading fast, especially across southern Africa. Predictions of future land-use allocation and production show that the soybean is poised to dominate future production across Africa. Land use models project an expansion of harvest area, whereas crop models project possible yield increases. Moreover, a seed change in farming strategy is underway. This is being driven largely by the combined cash crop value of products such as oils and the high nutritional benefits of soybean as an animal feed. Intensification of soybean production has the potential to reduce the dependence of Africa on soybean imports. However, a successful "soybean bonanza" across Africa necessitates an intensive research, development, extension, and policy agenda to ensure that soybean genetic improvements and production technology meet future demands for sustainable production.
Understanding the effect of heat stress during seed filling on nutritional composition and seed yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-09-2023
The effects of straw incorporation with plastic film mulch on soil properties and bacterial community structure on the loess plateau
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-12-2021
DOI: 10.1111/EJSS.12912
Root morphology and rhizosheath acid phosphatase activity in legume and graminoid species respond differently to low phosphorus supply
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Role of nitric oxide in improving plant resistance against salt stress
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 09-10-2013
Isolated microspore culture of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): induction of androgensis and cytological analysis of early haploid divisions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-02-2011
Recent Advances in the Agronomy of Food Legumes
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2021
Effects of organic fertilizer proportion on the distribution of soil aggregates and their associated organic carbon in a field mulched with gravel
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-07-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-022-15110-Z
Abstract: Gravel and sand mulching is an indigenous technology that has been used for increasing soil temperature and improving crop yield and water use efficiency for at least 300 years in northwestern China. However, long-term application of inorganic fertilizer with gravel and sand mulch could decrease the soil organic carbon content, and how to improve soil fertility under gravel and sand mulching remains largely unknown. Thus, we evaluated the effects of the application of inorganic (chemical) and organic (manure) fertilizers on the distribution of soil aggregates and their associated organic carbon in a field mulched with gravel and sand. A 5-year (2014–2018) field experiment was conducted in the arid region of northwestern China. Total organic carbon (TOC), permanganate oxidizable carbon (POC), TOC reserves in soil aggregates with different particle sizes, and watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ) productivity in gravel-mulched fields were analysed for the following six fertilization modes: no N fertilizer input as a control (CK), N fertilizer without organic fertilizer (CF), and organic fertilizer replacing 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of mineral nitrogen (recorded as OF-25%, OF-50%, OF-75% and OF-100%, respectively). The results showed that, higher manure to nitrogen fertilizer ratios were positively correlated with the percentage of soil macroaggregates ( 0.25 mm), mean weight diameter (MWD), TOC and POC concentrations, and their ratios in different particle sizes. Compared with CF, the treatments with 50% to 100% organic fertilizer significantly increased TOC storage (5.91–7.84%) in the soil profile (0–20 cm). Moreover, the CF treatment did not increase SOC concentrations or TOC storage, compared with CK. The fruit yield (2014–2018) of watermelon significantly increased by an average of 31.38% to 45.70% in the treatments with 50% to 100% organic fertilizer, respectively, compared with CF. Our results suggest that the partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic manure (OF-50%, OF-75% and OF-100%) could increase the proportion of macroaggregates, POC and TOC concentrations, and TOC stock in aggregates with different particle size and improve the yield of watermelon in the gravel fields of arid northwestern China mulched with gravel and sand.
Morphological and physiological traits associated with wheat yield increases in Mediterranean environments
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 1994
Selection of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivar and growing site improves germination and uniformity for sprout production
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/AR06063
Abstract: Uniform imbibition and germination of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds is very important for sprout production for human consumption. The imbibition and germination of 3 cultivars of field pea, Dunwa, Dundale, and Helena, each grown at Mullewa, Merredin, and Scaddan in the grainbelt of Western Australia, were investigated in laboratory experiments. The ability of field pea to germinate was affected by cultivar and the environment under which seed development occurred on the parent plant. Averaged over locations, germination of the cv. Dundale (82%) was lower than of Dunwa (93%) or Helena (95%). Germination of seeds ranged from 85% for those grown at Merredin to 91% at Scaddan and 94% at Mullewa. The effect of growing location on germination was most pronounced in cv. Dundale from Merredin where the largest number of hard seeds was observed. Initial seed water content was positively (r2 = 0.55*) correlated with germination across cultivars and sites. Small and large seeds within a seed lot with the same initial seed water content had a similar germination percentage. During imbibition, water entered the seed through the strophiole and this would be an appropriate place to look for a mechanism that affects imbibition. Careful selection of cultivar and favourable growing site should improve germination for the sprout producer.
Water Deficit during the Reproductive Period of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Reduced Grain Yield but Maintained Seed Size
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-04-2012
Effect of site, harvesting stage, and genotype on environmental staining in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/AR07150
Abstract: Seed discoloration due to environmental staining in faba bean leads to poor quality and reduced market price. Environmental staining in faba bean is characterised by a dark brown, grey, or black discoloration of the seed coat at harvest. Its cause is unknown, but it does not appear to be caused by a pathogen. Environmental conditions during pod and seed formation and at maturity are thought to have a large effect on the degree of environmental staining. To test the hypothesis that seeds formed under stressful conditions will have a higher degree of staining, faba bean seeds were harvested at 2 different stages of maturity from trials located in a range of environmental conditions under a Mediterranean-type climate of south-western Australia over 2 seasons. Four faba bean varieties were studied (Fiord, Fiesta, Ascot, and Cairo). The majority of seeds had good colour but across the trials, 3–25% were stained up to an unacceptable level and this varied with location and variety. Seeds formed later in plant development (located on the upper nodes of the plant) had more staining than seeds formed earlier (located on the lower nodes). Seeds formed on small and weak plants had more staining than seeds formed on normal sized healthy plants. Fiord showed a greater amount of staining than Ascot, Fiesta, and Cairo when grown in the mild, southern environments. Early harvesting (at physiological maturity) did not reduce environmental seed staining compared with harvesting at full maturity. Chemical analysis of seed testa and cotyledons revealed that total phenolic contents of the testa and cotyledons increased with staining. An increase in Zn and Na and a decrease in K concentration in the testa were also associated with increased staining levels.
Crop and cropping systems management practices and benefits in Conservation Agriculture systems
Publisher: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing
Date: 21-01-2020
In addition to foliar manganese concentration, both iron and zinc provide proxies for rhizosheath carboxylates in chickpea under low phosphorus supply
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-05-2021
Long-term winter wheat cropping influenced soil organic carbon pools in different aggregate fractions of Chernozem soil
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-01-2020
Cross tolerance to phosphorus deficiency and drought stress in mungbean is regulated by improved antioxidant capacity, biological N2-fixation, and differential transcript accumulation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-07-2021
Growth, Rhizosphere Carboxylate Exudation, and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonisation in Temperate Perennial Pasture Grasses Varied with Phosphorus Application
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-12-2020
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) fertiliser is applied regularly to the nutrient-poor sandy soils in southwestern Australia to elevate and/or maintain pasture production. This study aimed to characterise differential growth, root carboxylate exudation, and mycorrhizal responses in three temperate perennial pasture grasses at variable P supply. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L. cv. Prosper), veldt grass (Ehrharta calycina Sm. cv. Mission), and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum L. cv. Dundas) with five P rates varying from 0 to 100 mg P kg−1 soil were evaluated in a controlled environment. Rhizosphere carboxylate exudation and mycorrhizal colonisation were assessed. Veldt grass produced the maximum shoot dry weight, highest agronomic phosphorus-use efficiency at low P supply, as well as the highest specific root length and shoot P content at all P rates. Across species, the maximum shoot weight was obtained at 20 and 50 mg P kg−1 soil, which differed significantly from the two lowest P rates (0 and 5 mg P kg−1 soil). Phosphorus application influenced carboxylate exudation, with plants exuding acetate only in the zero P treatment, and citrate and malonate in the P-supplemented treatments. In all three species, acetate and malonate were the major carboxylates exuded (37–51% of the total). Only tall wheatgrass released trans-aconitate. Citrate and malonate concentrations in the rhizosphere increased with P supply, suggesting their important role in P acquisition. Phosphorus applications reduced arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation and increased root diameter as the P rate increased. Root carboxylate exudation in low-P soil played a role in mobilisation of P via P solubilisation, but the role of exuded carboxylate in soils well supplied with P might be diminished.
Review on distribution, fate, and management of potentially toxic elements in incinerated medical wastes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Optimum plant density of desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) increases with increasing yield potential in south-western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.1071/AR98179
Abstract: The response of chickpea (cv. Tyson) seed yield to sowing rate (30–180 kg/ha) was examined in 18 field experiments across 3 years in south-western Australia. The economic optimum plant density was estimated at each site by fitting an asymptotic model to the data and calculating the point where the cost of extra seed equalled the return from additional seed yield, allowing a 10% opportunity cost for the extra investment. When averaged across all sites and seasons, plant densities varied from 14 plants/m2 when sown at 30 kg/ha to 84 plants/m2 when sown at 180 kg/ha. Therefore, only about 54% of seeds sown established into viable plants, even though the germination test of the seed was about 80%. The poor establishment rate is thought to be mainly due to physical damage to the seed during transport and sowing, as well as unfavourable seed-bed moisture and temperature conditions. At most experimental sites the seed yield of desi chickpea responded positively to an increase in sowing rate up to about 120 kg/ha. Increased yields at high sowing rate can be directly attributed to large plant populations. Although in many cases the number of pods per plant, seed size, and harvest index were reduced at high plant populations, increased plant density compensated for these effects and seed yield tended to increase. There was a good relationship between economic optimum plant density and yield potential derived in this study (r2 = 0.497, P 0.001) and this improves the ability of desi chickpea producers to select the most profitable sowing rate, depending upon their yield potential. These results suggest that the optimum plant density is 50 plants/m2 for most chickpea crops in south-western Australia yielding about 1.0 t/ha, whereas in high-yielding situations ( .5 t/ha), plant densities plants/m2 produce the most profit. Although not observed in these experiments, high plant densities can exacerbate fungal diseases, and hence, reduced plant densities are desirable in disease-prone situations. Differences in sowing rate responses may be expected between Tyson and new large-seeded cultivars such as Heera and Sona, which have longer branches and more open canopy, or kabuli types, and this deserves further investigation.
Ephemeral gully recognition and accuracy evaluation using deep learning in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau in China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Integrating machine learning and environmental variables to constrain uncertainty in crop yield change projections under climate change
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Consistent variation across soil types in salinity resistance of a diverse range of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-01-2011
Unwrapping the rhizosheath
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-07-2017
Effects of Two Biochar Types on Mitigating Drought and Salt Stress in Tomato Seedlings
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 31-03-2023
Abstract: Biochar’s underlying biochemical and physiological mechanisms in reducing irrigation and salinity stress are elusive. This paper investigates the effects of two types of biochar (wood biochar and poultry biochar) on the growth and physiology of tomato seedlings exposed to the combined effects of drought and salinity stress. Two types of biochar, wood biochar (WB) and poultry biochar (PB), were added to the soil separately, with three salinity gradients of 0, 100, and 200 mmol/L and two water supply conditions of full irrigation (FI) and deficit irrigation (DI). Results showed that biochar addition effectively improved the root water potential and osmotic potential of tomato plant under drought and salinity stress. Biochar application also mitigated leaf relative water content by 9.86% and 24.37% under drought and salinity stress, respectively. Furthermore, biochar application decreased abscisic acid concentrations in xylem sap under drought and salinity stress. Biochar altered the soil structure and increased field water holding capacity, indirectly increasing the soil water supply. While water use efficiency did not increase significantly after biochar application, a synergistic increase in seedling growth and water consumption occurred. In conclusion, biochar addition shows promise for promoting seedling growth to help mitigate the adverse impacts of drought and salinity stress on plant growth and physiology.
Ameliorative effects of potassium on drought-induced decreases in fiber length of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are associated with osmolyte dynamics during fiber development
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Distribution, transformation and remediation of poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in wastewater sources
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Quantitative trait loci for thermal time to flowering and photoperiod responsiveness discovered in summer annual-type Brassica napus L
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 25-07-2014
Beryllium contamination and its risk management in terrestrial and aquatic environmental settings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Recent advances in artificial intelligence, mechanistic models, and speed breeding offer exciting opportunities for precise and accelerated genomics-assisted breeding
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2023
DOI: 10.1111/PPL.13969
Abstract: Given the challenges of population growth and climate change, there is an urgent need to expedite the development of high‐yielding stress‐tolerant crop cultivars. While traditional breeding methods have been instrumental in ensuring global food security, their efficiency, precision, and labour intensiveness have become increasingly inadequate to address present and future challenges. Fortunately, recent advances in high‐throughput phenomics and genomics‐assisted breeding (GAB) provide a promising platform for enhancing crop cultivars with greater efficiency. However, several obstacles must be overcome to optimize the use of these techniques in crop improvement, such as the complexity of phenotypic analysis of big image data. In addition, the prevalent use of linear models in genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS) fails to capture the nonlinear interactions of complex traits, limiting their applicability for GAB and impeding crop improvement. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have opened doors to nonlinear modelling approaches in crop breeding, enabling the capture of nonlinear and epistatic interactions in GWAS and GS and thus making this variation available for GAB. While statistical and software challenges persist in AI‐based models, they are expected to be resolved soon. Furthermore, recent advances in speed breeding have significantly reduced the time (3–5‐fold) required for conventional breeding. Thus, integrating speed breeding with AI and GAB could improve crop cultivar development within a considerably shorter timeframe while ensuring greater accuracy and efficiency. In conclusion, this integrated approach could revolutionize crop breeding paradigms and safeguard food production in the face of population growth and climate change.
Wheat cultivars with contrasting root system size responded differently to terminal drought
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 19-08-2020
Heat stress resilient crops for future hotter environments
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2020
Physical, chemical, and microbial contaminants in food waste management for soil application
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.118860
Abstract: Currently, 1.3 billion tonnes of food are thrown away each year, most of which are incinerated or landfilled causing large environmental, social, and economic issues. Therefore, the utilisation of food waste as biofertilisers, such as composts and digestates, is a solution to reduce the problems created by incineration and landfilling whilst simultaneously amending soils. The improper disposal of food wastes and bulking materials can contribute to high levels of contaminants within the end-product. Moreover, the food waste and bulking materials, themselves, may contain trace amounts of contaminants. These contaminants tend to have long half-lives, are easily mobile within soil and plants, can accumulate within the food supply chain, and have moderate to high levels of toxicity. This review aims to examine the current and emerging contaminants of high concern that impact the quality of food-waste fertilisers. The paper presents the volume of current and emerging contaminants of plastics, other physical (particulate) contaminants, heavy metals, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and pathogens within food-waste composts and digestates. Due to the large extent of organic chemical contaminants and the unknown level of toxicity and persistence, the risk assessment of organic chemical contaminants in the food-supply chain remains largely unknown. This study has presented available data from literature of various contaminants found in food waste, and composts and digestates derived from food waste, and evaluated the data with current regulations globally. Overall, to reduce contaminants in composts and digestates, more studies are required on the implementation of proper disposal separation, effective composting and digestion practices, increased screening of physical contaminants, development of compostable plastics, and increased regulatory policies on emerging, problematic contaminants. Moreover, examination of emerging contaminants in food-waste composts and digestates is needed to ensure food security and reduce future human-health risks.
Rapid delivery systems for future food security
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-09-2021
Response of wheat restricted-tillering and vigorous growth traits to variables of climate change
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-12-2015
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.12769
Abstract: The response of wheat to the variables of climate change includes elevated CO2, high temperature, and drought which vary according to the levels of each variable and genotype. Independently, elevated CO2, high temperature, and terminal drought affect wheat biomass and grain yield, but the interactive effects of these three variables are not well known. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of elevated CO2 when combined with high temperature and terminal drought on the high-yielding traits of restricted-tillering and vigorous growth. It was hypothesized that elevated CO2 alone, rather than combined with high temperature, ameliorates the effects of terminal drought on wheat biomass and grain yield. It was also hypothesized that wheat genotypes with more sink capacity (e.g. high-tillering capacity and leaf area) have more grain yield under combined elevated CO2, high temperature, and terminal drought. Two pairs of sister lines with contrasting tillering and vigorous growth were grown in poly-tunnels in a four-factor completely randomized split-plot design with elevated CO2 (700 µL L(-1)), high day time temperature (3 °C above ambient), and drought (induced from anthesis) in all combinations to test whether elevated CO2 ameliorates the effects of high temperature and terminal drought on biomass accumulation and grain yield. For biomass and grain yield, only main effects for climate change variables were significant. Elevated CO2 significantly increased grain yield by 24-35% in all four lines and terminal drought significantly reduced grain yield by 16-17% in all four lines, while high temperature (3 °C above the ambient) had no significant effect. A trade-off between yield components limited grain yield in lines with greater sink capacity (free-tillering lines). This response suggests that any positive response to predicted changes in climate will not overcome the limitations imposed by the trade-off in yield components.
Effects of zinc fertilizer on maize yield and water-use efficiency under different soil water conditions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Seed Filling in Grain Legumes under Water Deficits, with Emphasis on Chickpeas
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2005
Pattern of water use and seed yield under terminal drought in chickpea genotypes
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 09-08-2017
Salicylic Acid Priming Regulates Stomatal Conductance, Trichome Density and Improves Cadmium Stress Tolerance in Mentha arvensis L.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 05-07-2022
Abstract: The application of phytohormones through seed priming could enhance quality of important medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) under heavy metal stress. We evaluated the potential of salicylic acid (SA) priming for overcoming the adverse effects of cadmium stress in Mentha arvensis L. plants. Suckers of plants were primed with SA before transplanting them into soil. At 30 days after transplanting, two doses (50 and 100 μm) of CdCl 2 were applied to the soil. Both Cd treatments altered plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, leaf gas exchange attributes, and mineral nutrient contents. The 50 and 100 μm Cd treatments increased endogenous Cd content by 97.95 and 98.03%, electrolyte leakage (EL) by 34.21 and 44.38%, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) by 34.71 and 55.80%, malondialdehyde (MDA) by 53.08 and 63.15%, and superoxide content (O 2 –• ) by 24.07 and 38.43%, respectively. Cd triggered the up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD catalase, CAT ascorbate peroxidase, APX and glutathione reductase GR) and increased osmolyte biosynthesis and, interestingly, secondary metabolite (SM) accumulation. The presence of SA and Cd had an additive effect on these parameters. Nevertheless, plants primed with SA regulated stomatal conductance under Cd stress. SA priming to menthol mint plants under Cd stress overcome the effects of Cd stress while increasing SMs.
Optimal Contribution Selection Improves the Rate of Genetic Gain in Grain Yield and Yield Stability in Spring Canola in Australia and Canada
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-01-2023
Abstract: Crop breeding must achieve higher rates of genetic gain in grain yield (GY) and yield stability to meet future food demands in a changing climate. Optimal contributions selection (OCS) based on an index of key economic traits should increase the rate of genetic gain while minimising population inbreeding. Here we apply OCS in a global spring oilseed rape (canola) breeding program during three cycles of S0,1 family selection in 2016, 2018, and 2020, with several field trials per cycle in Australia and Canada. Economic weights in the index promoted high GY, seed oil, protein in meal, and Phoma stem canker (blackleg) disease resistance while maintaining plant height, flowering time, oleic acid, and seed size and decreasing glucosinolate content. After factor analytic modelling of the genotype-by-environment interaction for the additive effects, the linear rate of genetic gain in GY across cycles was 0.059 or 0.087 t ha−1 y−1 (2.9% or 4.3% y−1) based on genotype scores for the first factor (f1) expressed in trait units or average predicted breeding values across environments, respectively. Both GY and yield stability, defined as the root-mean-square deviation from the regression line associated with f1, were predicted to improve in the next cycle with a low achieved mean parental coancestry (0.087). These methods achieved rapid genetic gain in GY and other traits and are predicted to improve yield stability across global spring canola environments.
Adaptation of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) to dryland Mediterranean-type environments. III. Water use and water-use efficiency
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1997
Efficient root system for abiotic stress tolerance in crops
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Transcriptomic profiling of near-isogenic lines reveals candidate genes for a significant locus conferring metribuzin resistance in wheat
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-05-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S12870-023-04166-2
Abstract: Weeds reduce wheat yields in dryland farming systems. Herbicides such as metribuzin are commonly used to control weeds. However, wheat has a narrow safety margin against metribuzin. Standing crops such as wheat with weeds in the same field can also be killed by the same dose of metribuzin. Therefore, it is important to identify metribuzin resistance genes and understand the resistance mechanism in wheat for sustainable crop production. A previous study identified a significant metribuzin resistance wheat QTL, Qsns.uwa.4 A.2 , explaining 69% of the phenotypic variance for metribuzin resistance. Two NIL pairs with the most contrasting performance in the metribuzin treatment and different in genetic backgrounds were compared using RNA sequence analysis, identifying nine candidate genes underlying Qsns.uwa.4 A.2 responsible for metribuzin resistance. Quantitative RT-qPCR further validated the candidate genes, with TraesCS4A03G1099000 (nitrate excretion transporter), TraesCS4A03G1181300 (aspartyl protease), and TraesCS4A03G0741300 (glycine-rich proteins) identified as key factors for metribuzin resistance. Identified markers and key candidate genes can be used for selecting metribuzin resistance in wheat.
Combining organic and chemical fertilizer plus water-saving system reduces environmental impacts and improves apple yield in rainfed apple orchards
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Evapotranspiration Partitioning Based on Leaf and Ecosystem Water Use Efficiency
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 30-08-2022
DOI: 10.1029/2021WR030629
Abstract: Partitioning evapotranspiration (ET) into evaporation ( E ) and transpiration ( T ) is essential for understanding the global hydrological cycle and improving water resource management. However, ecosystem‐level ET partitioning remains challenging. Here we proposed a novel ET partitioning method that uses the unified stomatal conductance model to estimate T :ET by calculating the ratio of the ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE eco ) to leaf WUE (WUE leaf ) using half‐hourly flux data. The WUE leaf values estimated by the unified stomatal conductance model agree with an independently measured ratio of hourly photosynthetic rate to T rate ( R 2 = 0.69). The sensitivity of T :ET to the key parameter g 1 varied among different plant functional types (PFTs), but the T :ET variations for each PFT were all controlled within 20% when g 1 altered within its 95% confidence interval. The mean annual T :ET was highest for evergreen broadleaf forests (0.63), followed by deciduous broad forests (0.62), grasslands (0.52), evergreen needleleaf forests (0.43) and woody savannas (0.40). C 3 croplands had higher T :ET (0.65) than C 4 croplands (0.48). Seasonal variations in T :ET varied across PFTs and the leaf area index explained about 50% of the variation in seasonal T :ET. Our method is not only consistent with other three EC‐based methods: Z16, N18, and L19 ( R = 0.92, 0.94, and 0.68), but also shows high correlations to sap flow‐based T ( R = 0.70) at three different forest sites. The method developed in this study provides a feasible and universal approach for ET partitioning of global EC sites, improving the understanding of ecosystem T characteristics across climates and PFTs.
Legume Pangenome: Status and Scope for Crop Improvement
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-11-2022
Abstract: In the last decade, legume genomics research has seen a paradigm shift due to advances in genome sequencing technologies, assembly algorithms, and computational genomics that enabled the construction of high-quality reference genome assemblies of major legume crops. These advances have certainly facilitated the identification of novel genetic variants underlying the traits of agronomic importance in many legume crops. Furthermore, these robust sequencing technologies have allowed us to study structural variations across the whole genome in multiple in iduals and at the species level using ‘pangenome analysis.’ This review updates the progress of constructing pangenome assemblies for various legume crops and discusses the prospects for these pangenomes and how to harness the information to improve various traits of economic importance through molecular breeding to increase genetic gain in legumes and tackle the increasing global food crisis.
The effect of reduced branching on yield and water-use of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L) in a mediterranean type environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1985
Exogenous Microorganisms Promote Moss Biocrust Growth by Regulating the Microbial Metabolic Pathway in Artificial Laboratory Cultivation
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 02-03-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FMICB.2022.819888
Abstract: Moss-dominated biocrusts (moss crusts) are a feasible approach for the ecological restoration of drylands, but difficulty obtaining inoculum severely limits the progress of large-scale field applications. Exogenous microorganisms could improve moss growth and be conducive to moss inoculum propagation. In this study, we investigated the growth-promoting effects and potential mechanisms of exogenous microorganism additives on moss crusts. We used an incubator study to examine the effects of inoculation by heterotrophic microorganisms ( Streptomyces pactum , Bacillus megaterium ) and autotrophic microorganisms ( Chlorella vulgaris , Microcoleus vaginatus ) combined with Artemisia sphaerocephala gum on the growth of Bryum argenteum , the dominant moss crusts species in sandy deserts. Amplicon sequencing (16S and 18S rRNA) and PICRUSt2 were used to illustrate the microbial community structure and potential function in the optimal treatment at different developmental stages. Our results showed that exogenous microorganisms significantly promoted moss growth and increased aboveground biomass. After 30 days of cultivation, the Streptomyces pactum (1 g kg –1 substrate) + Chlorella vulgaris (3.33 L m –2 ) treatment presented optimal moss coverage, height, and density of 97.14%, 28.31 mm, and 2.28 g cm –2 , respectively. The best-performing treatment had a higher relative abundance of Streptophyta—involved in moss growth—than the control. The control had significantly higher soil organic carbon than the best-performing treatment on day 30. Exogenous microorganisms improved eukaryotic community ersity and richness and may enhance soil microbial functional and metabolic ersity, such as growth and reproduction, carbon fixation, and cellulose and lignin decomposition, based on functional predictions. In summary, we identified the growth-promoting mechanisms of exogenous additives, providing a valuable reference for optimizing propagation technology for moss inoculum.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus-mediated interspecific nutritional competition of a pasture legume and grass under drought-stress
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Drip fertigation triggered by soil matric potential reduces residual soil nitrate content and improves maize nitrogen uptake and yield stability in an arid area
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Effects of Biochar and Biochar–Compost Mix on Growth, Performance and Physiological Responses of Potted Alpinia zerumbet
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-10-2021
DOI: 10.3390/SU132011226
Abstract: Container crop production has become increasingly popular over the last 50 years. A major component of container or potting media is peat. Peatlands are a natural carbon sink, and peat is a nonrenewable natural resource. Peat harvesting has become an important environmental issue. There is a growing effort to explore alternative organic materials to completely or partially replace peat as a medium component. Biochar is a carbon-rich product that has gained increasing interest as a component of growing media. In the present study, biochar was produced from rice straw. Peat erlite/biochar (PPB 40/30/30 v/v) and peat erlite/biochar/vermicompost (PPBC 30/30/35/5 v/v) were evaluated relative to a basal or control medium of peat erlite (PP 70:30 v/v). Alpinia (Alpinia zerumbet ‘Variegata Dwarf’) was used as a test plant. Amending biochar and biochar–compost mix increased the pH of the growing media. Hydrophysical properties including container capacity, bulk density, air space and total porosity were all within or near the standard ranges for soilless growing media. Chlorophyll a and b contents of A. zerumbet plants grown in PPB medium were reduced by more than 20% and 28%, respectively, compared to those grown in PP or PPBC media. The net photosynthetic rate of PPB-grown plants was more than 28% lower than those grown in PP and PPBC media. As a result, shoot and root dry weights of plants produced in PPB medium were more than 42% and 22% less, respectively, than those grown in PP and PPBC media. Although visual quality of PPB-grown plants was lower, they still exhibited marketable quality, which was largely due to the fact that their side shoots, leaf numbers, leaf areas, leaf thickness, and shoot diameters were comparable to those produced in PP and PPBC media. The present study showed that in a peat erlite basal medium, substitution of peat by biochar derived from rice straw at 30% affected the growth of A. zerumbet plants, mainly in dry matter accumulation, but the plants were still marketable. On the other hand, plants grown in the same basal medium with peat replaced by the biochar at 35% plus an amendment of compost at 5% were comparable to those grown in the control medium. As the value of ornamental plants depends on their aesthetic appearance, a potting medium comprised of peat erlite/biochar/vermicompost at 30/30/35/5 by volume is recommended for the production of A. zerumbet plants. The substitution of peat at 35% suggests that peat use can be reduced in the formulation of potting media, thus contributing to the conservation of peatlands.
Antimony contamination and its risk management in complex environmental settings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2021.106908
Abstract: Antimony (Sb) is introduced into soils, sediments, and aquatic environments from various sources such as weathering of sulfide ores, leaching of mining wastes, and anthropogenic activities. High Sb concentrations are toxic to ecosystems and potentially to public health via the accumulation in food chain. Although Sb is poisonous and carcinogenic to humans, the exact mechanisms causing toxicity still remain unclear. Most studies concerning the remediation of soils and aquatic environments contaminated with Sb have evaluated various amendments that reduce Sb bioavailability and toxicity. However, there is no comprehensive review on the biogeochemistry and transformation of Sb related to its remediation. Therefore, the present review summarizes: (1) the sources of Sb and its geochemical distribution and speciation in soils and aquatic environments, (2) the biogeochemical processes that govern Sb mobilization, bioavailability, toxicity in soils and aquatic environments, and possible threats to human and ecosystem health, and (3) the approaches used to remediate Sb-contaminated soils and water and mitigate potential environmental and health risks. Knowledge gaps and future research needs also are discussed. The review presents up-to-date knowledge about the fate of Sb in soils and aquatic environments and contributes to an important insight into the environmental hazards of Sb. The findings from the review should help to develop innovative and appropriate technologies for controlling Sb bioavailability and toxicity and sustainably managing Sb-polluted soils and water, subsequently minimizing its environmental and human health risks.
Disruption of carbohydrate and proline metabolism in anthers under low temperature causes pollen sterility in chickpea
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Trade-Off between Root Efficiency and Root Size Is Associated with Yield Performance of Soybean under Different Water and Phosphorus Levels
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-05-2021
DOI: 10.3390/AGRICULTURE11060481
Abstract: (1) Background: Root traits play important roles in acclimating to water and phosphorus (P) shortages. However, the relative importance of root size and efficiency under these conditions is unknown. (2) Methods: This study investigated the role of root size and efficiency in acclimating to water- and P-limited environments. Three soybean genotypes with contrasting root sizes were grown in tall cylindrical pots to compare grain yield, root density, and water- and nutrient-uptake efficiencies under two water (well-watered and water-stressed) and three P levels (0 (P0), 60 (P60), and 120 (P120) mg P kg−1 dry soil). (3) Results: Water or P deficit, and combined water and P deficit significantly decreased grain yield, which was associated with greater P uptake per unit root dry weight (DW) under water stress. The genotype Zhonghuang 30 (ZH) with the greatest water, nitrogen, and P uptakes per unit root DW had the highest grain yield at P60 and P120 under water stress and P0 under well-watered conditions, but ZH had the lowest grain yield at P60 and P120 under well-watered conditions, due to its small root size. (4) Conclusions: High root efficiency—which was correlated with high root density—improved grain yield under P- and water-limited conditions, but restricted yield potential when P and water were not limited.
Lemon balm and kidney bean intercropping: the potential for incorporating AMF for sustainable agricultural production
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-04-2023
Improving/maintaining water-use efficiency and yield of wheat by deficit irrigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Optimizing essential oil, fatty acid profiles, and phenolic compounds of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica) intercropped with chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) with biofertilizer inoculation under rainfed conditions in a semi-arid region
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-08-2023
Zinc oxide nanoparticles mitigated the arsenic induced oxidative stress through modulation of physio-biochemical aspects and nutritional ions homeostasis in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Soybean breeding in southwestern China improved P and N utilization efficiencies by increasing phosphorus and nitrogen partitioning to pods
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 20-07-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FSUFS.2023.1204293
Abstract: Soybean breeding in southwestern China has vastly improved soybean yields with the increasing demand for nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). This study aimed to assess the impact of soybean breeding on P and N utilization efficiencies. Field experiments with split-plot experimental designs were conducted at two locations [Dafang (DF) and Shiqian (SQ)] in the 2019 growing season to determine the agronomic efficiency of P fertilizer (AEp), P and N utilization efficiencies, and P and N accumulation and partitioning in different soybean organs under 0 (P0) and 35 (P35) kg ha −1 P supply. The results showed that soybean breeding targeting high seed yield also improved AEp ( p & 0.05) and P ( p & 0.05) and N utilization efficiencies ( p & 0.05), with the improvement in AEp associated with the high yield response to P supply. P and N accumulation significantly increased in pods ( p & 0.05) and leaves ( p & 0.05) but not in stems or roots with year of release, while P and N concentrations did not change in any organ with year of release. In addition, only pod dry weight significantly increased ( p & 0.01) with year of release, and P and N partitioning increased to pods ( p & 0.05) but decreased to stems ( p & 0.05) with year of release. Correlation and PCA analyses revealed P and N utilization efficiencies positively correlated with P and N partitioning to pods but negatively correlated with P and N partitioning to stems. While P supply increased P and N accumulation, it reduced P utilization efficiency. We conclude that (1) soybean breeding improved AEp and P and N utilization efficiencies (2) the increased P and N partitioning to pods but decreased partitioning to stems contributed to the high P and N utilization efficiencies in new soybean cultivars, reducing the demand for N and P (3) P supply increased nutrient accumulation but reduced P utilization efficiency. These results highlight the significance of appropriate resource allocation among organs and efficient P management for enhancing nutrient utilization and reducing fertilizer requirements.
Development of local rice on the Tabanan regency of Bali
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2020
Influence of seed priming techniques on grain yield and economic returns of bread wheat planted at different spacings
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1071/CP20065
Abstract: A 3-year study evaluated the effect of different seed-priming techniques on the performance of two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Seher-2006 and Shafaq-2006, planted in rows spaced at 22.5 or 30 cm. Three seed priming techniques—on-farm priming, hydropriming, and osmopriming (using CaCl2)—and an untreated control (dry seeds) were included in the study. Seed priming resulted in earlier and more uniform crop emergence and improved allometric and yield-related traits compared with untreated seeds. Hydropriming and osmopriming significantly improved the allometric traits of Seher-2006 planted at 22.5-cm row spacing and Shafaq-2006 planted at 30-cm row spacing each year. The combination of osmopriming and 30-cm row spacing produced the highest number of productive tillers, number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight across all experimental years. The highest grain yield and harvest index were recorded for osmopriming and 22.5-cm row spacing each year. Shafaq-2006 produced higher biological yield, whereas Seher-2006 produced the higher grain yield and harvest index. Osmoprimed seeds planted at 22.5-cm row spacing recorded the highest economic returns and benefit:cost ratios in both cultivars. In conclusion, planting osmoprimed seeds of wheat in 22.5-cm spaced rows could be effectively used to increase productivity and economic returns.
Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the Hsp40/J-Protein Family Reveals Its Role in Soybean (Glycine max) Growth and Development
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-06-2023
Abstract: The J-protein family comprises molecular chaperones involved in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Little is known about this gene family in soybean. Hence, we characterized J-protein genes in soybean, with the most highly expressed and responsive during flower and seed development. We also revealed their phylogeny, structure, motif analysis, chromosome location, and expression. Based on their evolutionary links, we ided the 111 potential soybean J-proteins into 12 main clades (I–XII). Gene-structure estimation revealed that each clade had an exon-intron structure resembling or comparable to others. Most soybean J-protein genes lacked introns in Clades I, III, and XII. Moreover, transcriptome data obtained from a publicly accessible soybean database and RT-qPCR were used to examine the differential expression of DnaJ genes in various soybean tissues and organs. The expression level of DnaJ genes indicated that, among 14 tissues, at least one tissue expressed the 91 soybean genes. The findings suggest that J-protein genes could be involved in the soybean growth period and offer a baseline for further functional research into J-proteins' role in soybean. One important application is the identification of J-proteins that are highly expressed and responsive during flower and seed development in soybean. These genes likely play crucial roles in these processes, and their identification can contribute to breeding programs to improve soybean yield and quality.
Rainwater collection and infiltration (RWCI) systems promote deep soil water and organic carbon restoration in water-limited sloping orchards
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Comparison of the responses of two Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes to post-flowering soil water deficit with the response of canola (B. napus L.) cv. Monty
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/CP08191
Abstract: The responses to water stress during the post-flowering period of two mustard breeding lines (887.1.6.1 and Muscon) and a commercial canola cv. Monty were tested in the field at Merredin in the low-rainfall Mediterranean-type environment of Western Australia. Three water-stress treatments were imposed using supplemental irrigation and a rain-exclusion shelter. Increasing water stress in the post-flowering period significantly reduced dry matter production and seed yields. Harvest index was slightly increased by mild stress, but reduced back to control levels by severe stress. Pods lant, seeds od, and 1000-seed weight were all reduced by water stress. Dry matter production was higher in mustard than in canola, due to its greater water use and radiation interception. Water-use efficiency (WUE) for dry matter production and radiation-use efficiency (RUE) were higher in mustard than in canola. WUE for dry matter production and RUE were insensitive to the levels of water stress in mustard in this experiment, but declined significantly in canola. The greater water use in mustard and insensitivity of WUE for dry matter production and RUE to water stress were attributed to significantly higher levels of osmotic adjustment in mustard, although osmotic adjustment was also observed in canola. Despite this, canola seed yield was not significantly lower than the seed yield of the better mustard genotype, although stress caused a significantly greater percentage yield reduction in canola. This is because canola had a higher harvest index, which also meant it had higher WUE than mustard for grain production under mild stress. Mustard’s poorer harvest index was due to more of the dry matter being invested in stem and, in the case of cv. Muscon, to a short reproductive duration and a low proportion of pod weight allocated to seed. Canola had significantly higher seed oil concentration than mustard, which meant that it produced higher total oil yield despite sometimes producing lower seed yield. However, its oil concentration was reduced more by stress than mustard’s, so under the most severe stress conditions, both mustard genotypes produced higher total oil yield. Mustard has potential as an oil-producing crop in the low-rainfall Mediterranean-type environments of Western Australia, but improved genotypes, greater harvest index, and greater seed yield are required.
Seed priming improves chilling tolerance in chickpea by modulating germination metabolism, trehalose accumulation and carbon assimilation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.PLAPHY.2016.12.012
Abstract: Chilling stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting chickpea productivity worldwide. This study evaluated the potential role of seed priming in improving resistance to chilling stress in chickpea (cv. Punjab, 2008). The priming treatments involved soaking seeds of chickpea cultivar Punjab 2008 in either water for 8 h (on-farm priming), aerated water (hydropriming) for 18 h, or CaCl
Straw mulching for enhanced water use efficiency and economic returns from soybean fields in the Loess Plateau China
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-10-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-022-21141-3
Abstract: Water shortages threaten agricultural sustainability in the semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau. Judicious mulching management can improve water conservation practices to alleviate this issue while increasing crop productivity. We investigated the effect of straw strip mulching and film mulching on soil water consumption, temperature, growth, grain yield, and economic income of soybean [ Glycine max(Linn.) Merr.] from 2017 to 2018 in Qingyang on the semi-arid Loess Plateau in China using four treatments: (a) alternating ridges and furrows with ridges mulched with white polyethylene film (PMP), (b) alternating flat and bare land with only the plat mulched by white polyethylene film (PMF), (c) alternating strips mulched with maize ( Zea mays L.) straw (SM), and (d) traditional land planting without mulching (CK). The mulching treatments (PMP, PMF, and SM) increased soil water consumption and soil water use efficiency. The SM, PMF, and PMP treatments had 12.3–12.5, 16.8–22.1, and 23.2–24.2 mm higher soil water consumption (0–120 cm depth) than CK, most of which occurred in the 60–120 cm soil layer. Compared with CK, PMP and PMF significantly increased soil temperature by 1.30–1.31 °C and 0.76–1.00 °C, soybean grain yield by 38.6–39.0 % and 38.8–44.2 %, and water use efficiency (WUE) by 27.7–32.8 % and 30.8–37.5 %, respectively, while SM significantly decreased soil temperature by 0.96–1.15 °C, and increased grain yield by 21.8–25.4 % and WUE by 16.9–21.9 %. PMP and PMF did not significantly change soil water consumption, WUE, or grain yield. The SM treatment increased net income by 501.3–691.7 and 1914.5–2244.9 CNY ha −1 relative to PMP and CK, respectively, but PMF and SM did not significantly differ. Therefore, the SM system could help increase grain yields and economic returns in dryland soybean production, avoiding the adverse effects of the increasingly popular plastic mulching approach.
Dynamics of nitrate and nitrite in saturated sand filters with enhanced substrate conditions for denitrifying bacteria
Publisher: Desalination Publications
Date: 2021
The harm of residual plastic film and its accumulation driving factors in northwest China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Application of bio and chemical fertilizers improves yield, and essential oil quantity and quality of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) intercropped with mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-07-2022
DOI: 10.1002/FES3.319
Abstract: Intercropping Moldavian balm with mung bean is an ecological approach for improving resource productivity. A field experiment was conducted over two growing seasons (2018 and 2019) to determine the effect of fertilizer application on yield and essential oil (EO) productivity of Moldavian balm intercropped with mung bean. The experiment had a two‐factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The first factor comprised of five cropping patterns: Moldavian balm sole crop (MBs), mung bean sole crop (MGs), one row each of Moldavian balm +mung bean (1MB:1MG), two rows each of Moldavian balm +mung bean (2MB:2MG), and three rows of Moldavian balm +two rows of mung bean (3MB:2MG). The second factor comprised four fertilizer sources: no fertilizer application (C, control), 100% chemical fertilizer (NPK), 50% chemical fertilizer +100% bacterial fertilizer (NPK+BF), and 100% bacterial fertilizer +100% mycorrhizal fungi (BF+MF). The sole crop fertilized with NPK+BF produced the highest seed yields for MG (1189 kg/ha) and MB (7027 kg/ha), while 3MB:2MG fertilized with NPK+BF had the highest nutrient contents. Moldavian balm produced the highest EO content and yield in 2MB:2MG fertilized with NPK+BF. The EO of MB mainly comprised geranyl acetate (30–39%), geranial (20–31%), neral (18–24%), and geraniol (3–8%). In addition, the 3MB:2MG intercropping treatment fertilized with NPK+BF had the highest land equivalent ratio (LER = 1.35). We recommend an intercropping ratio of 2MB:2MG fertilized with NPK+BF is recommended as an alternative and eco‐friendly strategy for farmers to improve EO quantity and quality.
Responses of canopy characteristics and water use efficiency to ammoniated straw incorporation for summer maize (Zea mays L.) in the Loess Plateau, China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Diversified crop rotations enhance groundwater and economic sustainability of food production
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-07-2021
DOI: 10.1002/FES3.311
Abstract: Earth's water resources are critical for supporting livelihoods and food security but are being increasingly overexploited to support global agriculture. Diversifying cropping systems could potentially resolve unsustainable water use but trade‐offs with other aspects of sustainability and food security have not yet been assessed. We performed a detailed analysis of 31 different field crop rotations conducted during 1990–2019 in the North China Plain, to assess the potential impact of crop ersification on actual evapotranspiration ( ET a ), changes in regional groundwater table, grain yield, economic output, and water use efficiency (WUE) and to identify configurations that can achieve co‐benefits across multiple dimensions. We found that a combination of lowering the cropping index (i.e., harvest frequency), incorporating fallow periods, and introducing higher‐value crops into the currently dominant winter wheat–summer maize double cropping system can reduce growing season ET a by as much as 31%, mitigate groundwater decline by 19% or more, and increased economic output and economic WUE by more than 11% and 3%, respectively. We also found that multiple ersified wheat‐maize–based rotations—all with rotation lengths greater than 2 years—achieve co‐benefits across all evaluated dimensions. This study provides new empirical evidence of the opportunities for ersified crop rotations to balance the multiple objectives of food production, sustainable groundwater use, and farmer profitability. Extending this solution to other water‐stressed agricultural regions could be an effective strategy in achieving more sustainable food production system globally.
Beneficial elements for agricultural crops and their functional relevance in defence against stresses
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-10-2016
Root diameter decreases and rhizosheath carboxylates and acid phosphatases increase in chickpea during plant development
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-06-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S11104-022-05579-Y
Abstract: This study investigated whether root traits at the seedling stage are maintained at the flowering stage in two chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ) genotypes with contrasting root morphology and physiology and whether the genotype with greater rhizosheath carboxylates mobilises more poorly-available phosphorus (P) pools to increase shoot P at flowering odding and seed yield at maturity. Two chickpea genotypes were grown in a low P soil with or without P addition (0 and 40 µg P g −1 soil as KH 2 PO 4 ) under controlled glasshouse conditions and harvested at seedling, flowering odding, physiological maturity. At the seedling and flowering odding stages, ICC2884 had thinner roots and greater root mass ratio, specific root length and rhizosheath carboxylates per root dry weight (DW) than ICC456. Both genotypes had smaller root diameter, higher carboxylates and acid phosphatase activity in rhizosheath soil at flowering odding than at seedling. In the rhizosheath soil of both genotypes, NaHCO 3 -Pi concentration was depleted under P0 only under both P0 and P40, NaHCO 3 -Po concentration increased while NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po concentrations decreased at the seedling stage but accumulated at the flowering odding stage, relative to the bulk soil. ICC2884 did not mobilise more poorly available soil P or acquire more P at the seedling or flowering odding stages, or produce higher seed yields than ICC456. ICC2884 and ICC456 maintained the difference in root morphological and physiological characteristics from the seedling stage to the flowering odding stage. The genotype with greater rhizosheath carboxylates (root DW basis) did not produce higher yield than genotype with less rhizosheath carboxylates.
Early sowing with wheat cultivars of suitable maturity increases grain yield of spring wheat in a short season environment.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1992
DOI: 10.1071/EA9920717
Abstract: Eleven field trials were sown in the northeastern wheatbelt of Western Australia to test the hypothesis that if wheat cultivars with suitable maturity are sown earlier than current practice, then higher grain yields will be achieved. The experiments included time of sowing treatments that ranged from early May to late June in 1988, 1989 and 1990. Seven commercial cultivars with a wide range of developmental patterns and maturities were used. Sowing between mid May and early June produced the highest grain yields. For plantings after early June, yields declined by approximately 250 kg/ha (15%) per week. Delayed sowing caused a decrease in dry matter and kernel number (per m2). In general this reduction in kernel number was not compensated by an improvement in kernel weight. At early times of sowing, the medium-long season cultivars generally had higher yields than short season cultivars. The short season cultivars were the highest yielding cultivars at the late times of sowing. These results suggest that cultivars should be chosen to suit the seasonal break, which may vary from late April to mid June. As a consequence, farmers should be encouraged to retain a number of cultivars with differing maturities suited to a range of planting times.
Interaction between soil water and fertilizer utilization on maize under plastic mulching in an arid irrigation region of China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Non-invasive pressure probes magnetically clamped to leaves to monitor the water status of wheat
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-12-2013
Salt sensitivity in chickpea: Growth, photosynthesis, seed yield components and tissue ion regulation in contrasting genotypes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPLPH.2015.05.002
Abstract: Chickpea is a relatively salt sensitive species but shows genotypic variation for salt tolerance, measured as grain yield per plant in mild-to-moderately saline soil. This experiment was designed to evaluate some physiological responses to salinity in three contrasting genotypes. One tolerant (Genesis836), one moderately tolerant (JG11) and one sensitive (Rupali) genotype were grown for 108d in non-saline nutrient solution (controls) and two levels of salinity treatment (30 and 60mM NaCl). No plants survived to maturity in the 60mM NaCl treatment however, Genesis836 survived longer (87d) than JG11 (67d) while Rupali died after 27d only Genesis836 flowered, but no pods were filled. At 30mM NaCl, Genesis836 produced a few filled pods, whereas JG11 and Rupali did not. Genotypic differences in plant dry mass at the vegetative stage were evident only at 60mM NaCl, while at maturity differences were evident at 30mM NaCl. Photosynthesis was maintained to different degrees by the three genotypes (e.g. at 30mM NaCl, 35-81% of controls highest in Genesis836) photosynthesis was restricted predominately due to non-stomatal limitations as the intercellular CO2 concentration was only modestly affected (94-99% of controls). Photosystem II damage was evident in the less tolerant genotypes (e.g. at 30mM NaCl, actual quantum efficiency of photosystem II values were 63-96% of controls). Across treatments, shoot dry mass was negatively correlated with both Na(+) and Cl(-) shoot concentrations. However, the sensitive genotype (Rupali) had equal or lower concentrations of these ions in green leaves, stems or roots compared to tolerant genotypes (JG11 and Genesis836) ion 'exclusion' does not explain variation for salt tolerance among these three chickpea genotypes. The large difference between Rupali (sensitive) and Genesis836 (tolerant) in the salt-induced reduction in net photosynthesis via non-stomatal limitations and the assessed damage to photosystem II, but with similar leaf ion concentrations, provides evidence that variation in 'tissue tolerance' of Na(+) and/or Cl(-) in leaves contributes to the differential salt tolerance of these chickpea genotypes.
Identification and Characterization of Contrasting Genotypes/Cultivars for Developing Heat Tolerance in Agricultural Crops
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 22-10-2020
Variation in morphological and physiological parameters in herbaceous perennial legumes in response to phosphorus supply
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-12-2010
Pre-harvest potassium foliar application improves yield, vase life and overall postharvest quality of cut gladiolus inflorescences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Role of allelopathy in agricultural pest management
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-01-2011
DOI: 10.1002/PS.2091
Abstract: Allelopathy is a naturally occurring ecological phenomenon of interference among organisms that may be employed for managing weeds, insect pests and diseases in field crops. In field crops, allelopathy can be used following rotation, using cover crops, mulching and plant extracts for natural pest management. Application of allelopathic plant extracts can effectively control weeds and insect pests. However, mixtures of allelopathic water extracts are more effective than the application of single-plant extract in this regard. Combined application of allelopathic extract and reduced herbicide dose (up to half the standard dose) give as much weed control as the standard herbicide dose in several field crops. Lower doses of herbicides may help to reduce the development of herbicide resistance in weed ecotypes. Allelopathy thus offers an attractive environmentally friendly alternative to pesticides in agricultural pest management. In this review, application of allelopathy for natural pest management, particularly in small-farm intensive agricultural systems, is discussed.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Molecular Pathways in Response to Alkaline Salt Stress in Canola (Brassica napus L.) Roots
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-09-2023
Identification of Candidate Genes for Root Traits Using Genotype–Phenotype Association Analysis of Near-Isogenic Lines in Hexaploid Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-03-2021
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS22073579
Abstract: Global wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is constrained by different biotic and abiotic stresses, which are increasing with climate change. An improved root system is essential for adaptability and sustainable wheat production. In this study, 10 pairs of near-isogenic lines (NILs)—targeting four genomic regions (GRs) on chromosome arms 4BS, 4BL, 4AS, and 7AL of hexaploid wheat—were used to phenotype root traits in a semi-hydroponic system. Seven of the 10 NIL pairs significantly differed between their isolines for 11 root traits. The NIL pairs targeting qDSI.4B.1 GR varied the most, followed by the NIL pair targeting qDT.4A.1 and QHtscc.ksu-7A GRs. For pairs 5–7 targeting qDT.4A.1 GR, pair 6 significantly differed in the most root traits. Of the 4 NIL pairs targeting qDSI.4B.1 GR, pairs 2 and 4 significantly differed in 3 and 4 root traits, respectively. Pairs 9 and 10 targeting QHtscc.ksu-7A GR significantly differed in 1 and 4 root traits, respectively. Using the wheat 90K Illumina iSelect array, we identified 15 putative candidate genes associated with different root traits in the contrasting isolines, in which two UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT)-encoding genes, TraesCS4A02G185300 and TraesCS4A02G442700, and a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase (LRR-RLK)-encoding gene, TraesCS4A02G330900, also showed important functions for root trait control in other crops. This study characterized, for the first time, that these GRs control root traits in wheat, and identified candidate genes, although the candidate genes will need further confirmation and validation for marker-assisted wheat breeding.
Diversifying crop rotations enhances agroecosystem services and resilience
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2022
Physiology and growth of newly bred Basmati rice lines in response to vegetative-stage drought stress
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 09-05-2023
Developing Climate-Resilient Chickpea Involving Physiological and Molecular Approaches With a Focus on Temperature and Drought Stresses
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 25-02-2020
Adaptation of Grain Legumes (Pulses) to Water-Limited Environments
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2000
Mobile Signaling Peptides
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-07-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S00344-023-11069-X
Abstract: Adaptive mechanisms for unfavorable environments have evolved in plants for thousands of generations, primarily in the form of endogenous chemical signals and the coordination of physiological processes. Signaling peptides (SPs) are erse molecular messengers in various stress responses which have been identified in different plant families. SPs are recognized by the membrane-localized receptors and co-receptors, leading to downstream signaling for various plant responses. Progress in in silico analysis, along with other factors, has increased our understanding of the signaling peptide-mediated regulatory mechanisms underlying the entire plant life cycle. SPs mediate both long-distance (root-to-shoot-to-root) and local cell–cell communication via vascular system to communicate and coordinate with plant organs at distant locations. During abiotic stress, SPs inside plant cells perceive stress signals and transfer information at short and long physiological ranges through the signal transduction pathway, causing stress-responsive gene expression. SPs interact with pathogens and mediate cell-to-cell communication via signaling pathways. There are intriguing relationships between phytohormones and the secondary signaling cascades which are mediated by SPs. During biotic or abiotic stress, different peptides trigger jasmonic acid, ethylene, and ABA signaling, involving several secondary messengers. These messengers mediate the stress response via shared signaling components of ROS, Ca 2+ , and MAPKs, and they modify the gene expression for different phytohormones. In this review, we highlight current knowledge on the role of signaling peptides in plant adaptation, growth, and development. We aim to analyze the SP-receptor interactions and the significance of crosstalk between a few s le SPs and phytohormones. Potential directions on how scientists can use this information for crop improvement are also suggested.
Trends in grain quality of starch, protein, fat and lysine content for normal maize varieties in China since the 1960s
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-10-2022
DOI: 10.1002/CCHE.10487
Abstract: In China, breeders overlook changes in grain quality traits of starch, protein, and fat content that occur concurrently in normal maize ( Zea mays L.). Here, we collected data for 436 single‐cross normal maize varieties released since the 1960s and 258 landraces from China's three main agroecological regions to investigate how grain quality traits have changed over time. Since the 1960s, crude starch content has increased and protein content has decreased in northern China, crude starch content has increased and fat content has decreased in southwestern China and the Yellow‐Huai River Valley, and lysine content has increased in southwestern China only. In the 2010s, northern China and the Yellow‐Huai River Valley had the highest crude starch content, southwestern China had the highest crude protein content, and northern China had the highest crude fat content. Breeding since the 1960s has significantly changed the composition of maize seeds in the three main maize growing regions of China. This study provides a worthy summary of the changes in grain quality traits of normal maize varieties in China in the last 50 years and insights into developing strategies for breeding grain quality.
Seed growth of desi and kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in a short-season Mediterranean-type environment
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.1071/EA98134
Abstract: The influence of terminal drought on the seed growth of 3 chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes was examined in a field experiment at Merredin, Western Australia. Tyson, a small-seeded desi cultivar, ICCV88201, a desi breeding line (sister line to the recently released Sona cultivar) with medium-sized seed, and Kaniva, a kabuli cultivar with large seed, were grown under rainfed and irrigated conditions. In the rainfed plots, leaf water potential had decreased from above –1.2 MPa to about –2.5 MPa and net photosynthesis from 21 to 29 µmol CO2/m2. s to below 10 µmol CO2/m2.s, by the time seed filling commenced. Rainfed plants had significantly fewer pods than irrigated plants, regardless of genotype. In rainfed plants average seed weight was reduced by 19, 23 and 34% and yield by 74, 52 and 72% in Tyson, ICCV88201, and Kaniva respectively. In idual pods were tagged at pod set on previously-selected representative plants and were weighed separately from the rest of the plant over 6 subsequent harvests so that the rate and duration of seed fill could be measured. Genotypic differences in the maximum rate of seed fill were found to exist in chickpea. In both irrigated and rainfed conditions, Kaniva had the highest maximum rate of seed fill followed by ICCV88201 and Tyson. Both the rate and duration of seed growth were reduced in the rainfed plants, regardless of genotype. Reductions in the dry weight of the pod shell suggest that the remobilisation of dry matter from the pod may contribute 9–15% of the seed weight in rainfed chickpea.
Chemical composition and standardised ileal digestible amino acid contents of Lathyrus (Lathyrus cicera) as an ingredient in pig diets
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
Grain legume species in low rainfall Mediterranean-type environments .2. Canopy development, radiation interception, and dry-matter production
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1997
Water relations, gas exchange and growth of cool-season grain legumes in a Mediterranean-type environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1998
Physiology of grain development in cereals
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 25-05-2021
Superior salt tolerance in wild soybean (G. soja) is associated with better ion ‘exclusion’ ability from leaves and mesophyll cells than cultivated soybean genotypes (G. max)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
The member wears four hats
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
Pyroxasulfone efficacy for annual ryegrass control is affected by wheat residue height, amount and orientation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-09-2020
DOI: 10.1002/PS.5590
Abstract: Pre-emergent herbicides play an important role in conservation agriculture, however, crop residues on the soil surface in these systems can intercept a considerable amount of herbicide during application. Cutting crops relatively high at harvest has some advantages, such as allowing faster harvest, and this also means that there is less horizontal residue on the soil surface. This field study tested the impact of standing wheat residue height and amount of horizontal residue on the interception, leaching and weed-control efficacy of the pre-emergent herbicide pyroxasulfone in the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. Spray coverage of pyroxasulfone declined from 14.6% to 7.5% with increasing amounts (0 to 4 t ha Cutting residue relatively high, leaving less on the surface, improves spray coverage and herbicide efficacy compared with having more horizontal residue. This research may assist farmers and advisors to maximize the efficacy of pre-emergent herbicide in no-tillage systems. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Tree species as a biomonitor of metal pollution in arid Mediterranean environments: case for arid southern Tunisia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-02-2021
Changes in the essential oil, fixed oil constituents, and phenolic compounds of ajowan and fenugreek in intercropping with pea affected by fertilizer sources
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Accelerating genetic gains in legumes for the development of prosperous smallholder agriculture
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-03-2018
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERY088
Abstract: Grain legumes form an important component of the human diet, provide feed for livestock, and replenish soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation. Globally, the demand for food legumes is increasing as they complement cereals in protein requirements and possess a high percentage of digestible protein. Climate change has enhanced the frequency and intensity of drought stress, posing serious production constraints, especially in rainfed regions where most legumes are produced. Genetic improvement of legumes, like other crops, is mostly based on pedigree and performance-based selection over the past half century. To achieve faster genetic gains in legumes in rainfed conditions, this review proposes the integration of modern genomics approaches, high throughput phenomics, and simulation modelling in support of crop improvement that leads to improved varieties that perform with appropriate agronomy. Selection intensity, generation interval, and improved operational efficiencies in breeding are expected to further enhance the genetic gain in experimental plots. Improved seed access to farmers, combined with appropriate agronomic packages in farmers' fields, will deliver higher genetic gains. Enhanced genetic gains, including not only productivity but also nutritional and market traits, will increase the profitability of farming and the availability of affordable nutritious food especially in developing countries.
Differential Effect of Heat Stress on Drought and Salt Tolerance Potential of Quinoa Genotypes
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-02-2023
Abstract: Soil salinity, drought, and increasing temperatures are serious environmental issues that drastically reduce crop productivity worldwide. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is an important crop for food security under the changing climate. This study examined the physio-biochemical responses, plant growth, and grain yield of four quinoa genotypes (A7, Titicaca, Vikinga, and Puno) grown in pots containing normal (non-saline) or salt-affected soil exposed to drought and elevated-temperature treatments. Combinations of drought, salinity, and high-temperature stress decreased plant growth and yield more than the in idual stresses. The combined drought, salinity, and heat stress treatment decreased the shoot biomass of A7, Puno, Titicaca, and Vikinga by 27, 36, 41, and 50%, respectively, compared to that of control plants. Similar trends were observed for grain yield, chlorophyll contents, and stomatal conductance. The combined application of these three stresses increased Na concentrations but decreased K concentrations in roots and shoots relative to control. Moreover, in the combined salinity, drought, and high-temperature treatment, A7, Puno, Titicaca, and Vikinga had 7.3-, 6.9-, 8-, and 12.6-fold higher hydrogen peroxide contents than control plants. All four quinoa genotypes increased antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, and POD) to overcome oxidative stress. Despite A7 producing the highest biomass under stress, it did not translate into increased grain production. We conclude that Puno and Titicaca are more tolerant than Vikinga for cultivation in salt-affected soils prone to drought and heat stress.
Transcriptomic profiling of wheat near-isogenic lines reveals candidate genes on chromosome 3A for pre-harvest sprouting resistance
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-01-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12870-021-02824-X
Abstract: Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat can cause severe damage to both grain yield and quality. Resistance to PHS is a quantitative trait controlled by many genes located across all 21 wheat chromosomes. The study targeted a large-effect quantitative trait locus (QTL) QPhs.ccsu-3A.1 for PHS resistance using several sets previously developed near-isogenic lines (NILs). Two pairs of NILs with highly significant phenotypic differences between the isolines were examined by RNA sequencing for their transcriptomic profiles on developing seeds at 15, 25 and 35 days after pollination (DAP) to identify candidate genes underlying the QTL and elucidate gene effects on PHS resistance. At each DAP, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the isolines were investigated. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of key DEGs suggested that six candidate genes underlie QPhs.ccsu-3A.1 responsible for PHS resistance in wheat. Candidate gene expression was further validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Within the targeted QTL interval, 16 genetic variants including five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 11 indels showed consistent polymorphism between resistant and susceptible isolines. The targeted QTL is confirmed to harbor core genes related to hormone signaling pathways that can be exploited as a key genomic region for marker-assisted selection. The candidate genes and SNP/indel markers detected in this study are valuable resources for understanding the mechanism of PHS resistance and for marker-assisted breeding of the trait in wheat.
Addressing the yield gap in rainfed crops: a review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-02-2016
Rice Genotypes Express Compensatory Root Growth With Altered Root Distributions in Response to Root Cutting
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 28-02-2022
Abstract: Root systems play a pivotal role in water and nutrient uptake from soil. Lateral root (LR) growth is promoted to compensate for inhibited main root growth. Compensatory LR growth contributes to maintaining total root length (TRL) and hence water and nutrient uptake in compacted soils. However, it remains unclear how shoot and root phenotypic traits change during the compensatory growth and whether there are genotypic variations in compensatory root growth. This study analyzed shoot and root morphological traits of 20 rice genotypes, which includes mutants with altered root morphology, during the vegetative stage using a semihydroponic phenotyping system. The phenotyping experiment detected large variation in root and shoot traits among the 20 genotypes. Morphological changes induced by root cutting were analyzed in six selected genotypes with contrasting root system architecture. Root cutting significantly affected root distribution along vertical sections and among diameter classes. After root cutting, more roots distributed at shallower depth and thicker LRs developed. Furthermore, genotypes with deeper root growth without root cutting allocated more compensatory roots to deeper sections even after root cutting than the genotypes with shallower rooting. Due to the compensatory LR growth, root cutting did not significantly affect TRL, root dry weight (RDW), or shoot dry weight (SDW). To analyze the interaction between crown root (CR) number and compensatory root growth, we removed half of the newly emerged CRs in two genotypes. TRL of YRL38 increased at depth with CR number manipulation (CRM) regardless of root tip excision, which was attributed to an increase in specific root length (SRL), despite no change in RDW. Taken together, the tested rice genotypes exhibited compensatory root growth by changing root distribution at depth and in diameter classes. Reducing CR number promoted root development and compensatory growth by improving the efficiency of root development [root length (RL) per resource investment].
A clear trade-off between leaf hydraulic efficiency and safety in an aridland shrub during regrowth
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-08-2021
DOI: 10.1111/PCE.14156
Abstract: It has been suggested that a trade‐off between hydraulic efficiency and safety is related to drought adaptation across species. However, whether leaf hydraulic efficiency is sacrificed for safety during woody resprout regrowth after crown removal is not well understood. We measured leaf water potential ( ψ leaf ) at predawn ( ψ pd ) and midday ( ψ mid ), leaf maximum hydraulic conductance ( K leaf‐max ), ψ leaf at induction 50% loss of K leaf‐max ( K leaf P 50 ), leaf area‐specific whole‐plant hydraulic conductance (LSC), leaf vein structure and turgor loss point ( π tlp ) in 1‐ to 13‐year‐old resprouts of the aridland shrub ( Caragana korshinskii ). ψ pd was similar, ψ mid and K leaf P 50 became more negative, and K leaf–max decreased in resprouts with the increasing age thus, leaf hydraulic efficiency clearly traded off against safety. The difference between ψ mid and K leaf P 50 , leaf hydraulic safety margin, increased gradually with increasing resprout age. More negative ψ mid and K leaf P 50 were closely related to decreasing LSC and more negative π tlp , respectively, and the decreasing K leaf‐max arose from the lower minor vein density and the narrower midrib xylem vessels. Our results showed that a clear trade‐off between leaf hydraulic efficiency and safety helps C. korshinskii resprouts adapt to increasing water stress as they approach final size.
Responses of root water uptake to soil water dynamics for three revegetation species on the Loess Plateau of China
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-02-2023
DOI: 10.1002/LDR.4602
Abstract: In water‐limited ecosystems, soil water regulates root water uptake (RWU) strategies. However, RWU responses to soil water changes under different species are not well‐understood. We assessed RWU responses of three revegetation species [shrub ( Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.), coniferous forest [ Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco], and broad‐leaved forest ( Robinia pseudoacacia L.) during the dry (May to June) and rainy (July to August) seasons in 2020 on the Loess Plateau using stable isotope methods. We s led soil and xylem for each species at approximately weekly intervals and used the MixSIAR model to quantify RWU contribution with stable water isotopes. The results indicated that soil water in the shallow (0–40 cm) and middle (40–200 cm) soil layers fluctuated more strongly than the deep soil layer (200–300 cm) due to precipitation and evapotranspiration. Before precipitation in the dry season, most of the RWU for H. rhamnoides and R. pseudoacacia (97% and 98%) came from the middle layer under limited soil water. After precipitation in the dry season, the three species had similar RWU responses to soil water changes. After precipitation in the rainy season, the RWU change of H. rhamnoides and R. pseudoacacia with deep soil drying was more sensitive to soil water change than P. orientalis with sufficient deep water on August 3 and 11, while, the RWU of H. rhamnoides was more sensitive to soil water change than R. pseudoacacia on August 11 and 19. Thus, by switching its water‐use strategy, H. rhamnoides adapted better to the soil water environment than P. orientalis and R. pseudoacacia . This finding will help in selecting the optimal revegetation species for water use in a changing climate environment.
Phosphorus fertilisation differentially influences growth, morpho-physiological adaptations and nutrient uptake of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-07-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S11104-023-06171-8
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is a restricting nutrient for crop productivity worldwide. P deficiency can lead to stunted growth and development, eventually affecting crop yield. But less is documented about the impact of P fertility on industrial hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) production in the low-P soils of south-western Australia. We aimed to investigate the effect of P rates on growth, physiology, rhizosphere carboxylate exudation, nutrient uptake and P-use efficiency in hemp. The study was conducted in a randomised complete block design with four P rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 mg P kg –1 dry soil) and three hemp varieties (Morpeth, Han FNQ and Fedora 17). Plants were grown and raised in a controlled-environment phytotron until harvested 35 days after sowing at vegetative growth stage (3 rd to n th leaf pair). Our results revealed a strong influence of treatment (P rate) on hemp growth, physiology, biomass, nutrient uptake and P-use efficiency compared to variety and the variety × treatment interaction. Hemp roots predominantly released citrate in P-deficient conditions and gradually shifted to malate exudation with increasing P supply. The N:P ratio, leaf chlorophyll, and gas exchange data coupled with shoot and root length data suggest that Morpeth and Fedora 17 differ in morpho-physiological adaptations for optimum photosynthesis and growth, with high leaf chlorophyll and coarse root length achieved by Morpeth and high intercellular CO 2 concentration and shoot length by Fedora 17. Morpeth and Fedora 17 had high shoot biomass, root length, root surface area and agronomic P-use and P-utilisation efficiencies in response to increasing soil P, while Han FNQ had moderate shoot yield, root growth, high citrate exudation, tissue P concentration and P-uptake efficiency.
Using Sorghum to suppress weeds in dry seeded aerobic and puddled transplanted rice
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Advances in Drought Resistance of Rice
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-07-2009
Identification of superior haplotypes and candidate genes for yield-related traits in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) using association mapping
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Straw incorporation with ridge–furrow plastic film mulch alters soil fungal community and increases maize yield in a semiarid region of China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Method for Characterization of Root Traits in Chickpea Germplasm for Legume Genomics and Breeding
Publisher: Springer US
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0235-5_14
Abstract: A semi-hydroponic phenotyping platform was constructed using inexpensive and easily obtained materials for characterizing root trait variability in a large set of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) germplasm. The system was designed to accommodate a large number of plants in a small area allowing relatively deeper root development, and thus serves as a high-throughput phenotyping tool for studying root dynamic growth. The root trait quantitative platform could provide accurate phenotyping data for parameterizing root models and for genome-wide association analyses or mapping studies of quantitative trait loci.
Multi-site assessment of the effects of plastic-film mulch on the soil organic carbon balance in semiarid areas of China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Co-Inoculation of Mycorrhizal Fungi with Bacterial Fertilizer Along with Intercropping Scenarios Improves Seed Yield and Oil Constituents of Sesame
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-03-2023
Response of kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to sowing rate in Mediterranean-type environments of south-western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/EA01200
Abstract: The effect of sowing rate (60–320 kg/ha) on the growth and seed yield of kabuli chickpea (cv. Kaniva) was assessed at 11 sites for 4 seasons in the cropping regions of south-western Australia. The economic optimum plant density and yield potential were estimated using an asymptotic model fitted to the data and calculating the sowing rate above which the cost of additional seed was equivalent to the revenue that could be achieved from the extra seed yield produced, assuming a 10 and 50% opportunity cost. On average for all sites and seasons, plant densities ranged from 10 plants/m2 when sown at 60 kg/ha to 43�plants/m2 when sown at 320 kg/ha. Assuming a mean seed weight of 400 mg and a germination of 80%, then on average 75% of viable seeds sown (or 60% of sown seeds) established as plants. The poor establishment rates are thought to be associated with reduced viability caused by mechanical damage, storage conditions, fungal infection in the soil, and unfavourable seed bed moisture and temperatures. In general, there was a positive relationship between sowing rate and seed yield. Seed yield increases at higher sowing rates were mainly associated with the greater number of plants per unit area. There were fewer pods per plant at higher sowing rates, but there were more pods per unit area. Changing the sowing rate had little effect on mean seed weight and the number of seeds per pod. The economic optimum plant density varied from 8 to 68 plants/m2, depending on the location, but the mean (27�plants/m2) was within the range currently recommended in southern Australia (25–35 plants/m2). Due to the low establishment rates observed in this study, we estimate a sowing rate greater (160–185 kg/ha) than currently suggested (110–160 kg/ha) to achieve this density. There was a strong relationship between economic optimum plant density and seed yield potential (r2 = 0.66, P .01), which allows an estimation of the most profitable sowing rate, depending on the seed yield potential of the site. For most crops yielding about 1.0 t/ha in southern Australia, a plant density of 25 plants/m2 is most profitable, while in higher-yielding situations ( .5 t/ha) plant densities �plants/m2 will produce the most profit.
Self-help group in Indian agriculture: A case study of farmer groups in Punjab, northern India
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2013
Lower seed P content does not affect early growth in chickpea, provided starter P fertiliser is supplied
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-03-2021
Ammoniated straw incorporation increases maize grain yield while decreasing net greenhouse gas budget on the Loess Plateau, China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
The effect of plant density on the growth and harvest index of branches in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1984
Targeting high nutrient efficiency to reduce fertilizer input in wheat production of China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Genetic variations of HvP5CS1 and their association with drought tolerance related traits in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-08-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-08393-0
Abstract: Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase gene1 ( P5CS1 ) is the key gene involved in the biosynthesis of proline and is significantly induced by drought stress. The exploration of genetic variation in HvP5CS1 may facilitate a better understanding of the mechanism of drought adaptation in barley. In the current study, 41 polymorphisms including 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 25 insertions/deletions (indels) were detected in HvP5CS1 among 287 barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) accessions collected worldwide, with 13 distinct haplotypes identified in the barley collection. Five polymorphisms in HvP5CS1 were significantly ( P 0.001) associated with drought tolerance related traits in barley. The phenotypic variation of a given trait explained by each associated polymorphism ranged from 4.43% to 9.81%. Two sequence variations that were significantly ( P 0.0001) associated with grain yield had marginally significant positive Tajima’s D values in the sliding window, so they might have been selected for environmental adaptation. Meanwhile, two haplotypes HvP5CS1_ H1 and HvP5CS1_ H4, which contained desired alleles of the two variations mentioned above, were significantly ( P 0.001) associated with drought tolerance related traits, and explained 5.00~11.89% of the phenotypic variations. These variations associated with drought tolerance related traits can be used as potential markers for improving drought tolerance in barley.
Food crops face rising temperatures: an overview of responses, adaptive mechanisms, and approaches to improve heat tolerance
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2016
Heat Priming of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Seeds and Foliar Treatment with γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), Confers Protection to Reproductive Function and Yield Traits under High-Temperature Stress Environments
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-05-2021
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS22115825
Abstract: Gradually increasing temperatures at global and local scales are causing heat stress for cool and summer-season food legumes, such as lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), which is highly susceptible to heat stress, especially during its reproductive stages of development. Hence, suitable strategies are needed to develop heat tolerance in this legume. In the present study, we tested the effectiveness of heat priming (HPr 6 h at 35 °C) the lentil seeds and a foliar treatment of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA 1 mM applied twice at different times), singly or in combination (HPr+GABA), under heat stress (32/20 °C) in two heat-tolerant (HT IG2507, IG3263) and two heat-sensitive (HS IG2821, IG2849) genotypes to mitigate heat stress. The three treatments significantly reduced heat injury to leaves and flowers, particularly when applied in combination, including leaf damage assessed as membrane injury, cellular oxidizing ability, leaf water status, and stomatal conductance. The combined HPr+GABA treatment significantly improved the photosynthetic function, measured as photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll concentration, and sucrose synthesis and significantly reduced the oxidative damage, which was associated with a marked up-regulation in the activities of enzymatic antioxidants. The combined treatment also facilitated the synthesis of osmolytes, such as proline and glycine betaine, by upregulating the expression of their biosynthesizing enzymes (pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase) under heat stress. The HPr+GABA treatment caused a considerable enhancement in endogenous levels of GABA in leaves, more so in the two heat-sensitive genotypes. The reproductive function, measured as germination and viability of pollen grains, receptivity of stigma, and viability of ovules, was significantly improved with combined treatment, resulting in enhanced pod number (21–23% in HT and 35–38% in HS genotypes, compared to heat stress alone) and seed yield per plant (22–24% in HT and 37–40% in HS genotypes, in comparison to heat stress alone). The combined treatment (HPr+GABA) was more effective and pronounced in heat-sensitive than heat-tolerant genotypes for all the traits tested. This study offers a potential solution for tackling and protecting heat stress injury in lentil plants.
Boron nutrition of rice in different production systems. A review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2018
Can elevated CO2 combined with high temperature ameliorate the effect of terminal drought in wheat?
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/FP12206
Abstract: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production may be affected by the future climate, but the impact of the combined increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature and incidence of drought that are predicted has not been evaluated. The combined effect of elevated CO2, high temperature and terminal drought on biomass accumulation and grain yield was evaluated in vigorous (38–19) and nonvigorous (Janz) wheat genotypes grown under elevated CO2 (700 µL L–1) combined with temperatures 2°C, 4°C and 6°C above the current ambient temperature. Terminal drought was induced in all combinations at anthesis in a split-plot design to test whether the effect of elevated CO2 combined with high temperature ameliorates the negative effects of terminal drought on biomass accumulation and grain yield. Biomass and grain yield were enhanced under elevated CO2 with 2°C above the ambient temperature, regardless of the watering regimen. The combinations of elevated CO2 plus 4°C or 6°C above the ambient temperature did not enhance biomass and grain yield, but tended to decrease them. The reductions in biomass and grain yield (45–50%) caused by terminal drought were less severe (21–28%) under elevated CO2 with 2°C above the ambient temperature. The amelioration resulted from a 63% increase in the rate of leaf net photosynthesis in 38–19 and a 39% increase in tillering and leaf area in Janz. The contrasting responses and phenological development of these two genotypes to the combination of elevated CO2, temperature and terminal drought, and the possible influences on their source–sink relationships are discussed.
Nano-enabled stress-smart agriculture
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-07-2023
DOI: 10.1002/SAE2.12061
Abstract: Salinity and drought stress substantially decrease crop yield and superiority, directly threatening the food supply needed to meet the rising food needs of the growing total population. Nanotechnology is a step towards improving agricultural output and stress tolerance by improving the efficacy of inputs in agriculture via targeted delivery, controlled release, and enhanced solubility and adhesion while also reducing significant damage. The direct application of nanoparticles (NPs)/nanomaterials can boost the performance and effectiveness of physio‐biochemical and molecular mechanisms in plants under stress conditions, leading to advanced stress tolerance. Therefore, we presented the effects and plant responses to stress conditions, and also explored the potential of nanomaterials for improving agricultural systems, and discussed the advantages of applying NPs at various developmental stages to alleviate the negative effects of salinity and drought stress. Moreover, we feature the recent innovations in state‐of‐the‐art nanobiotechnology, specifically NP‐mediated genome editing via CRISPR/Cas system, to develop stress‐smart crops. However, further investigations are needed to unravel the role of nanobiotechnology in addressing climate change challenges in modern agricultural systems. We propose that combining nanobiotechnology, genome editing and speed breeding techniques could enable the designing of climate‐smart cultivars (particularly bred or genetically modified plant varieties) to meet the food security needs of the rising world population.
Wheat yield improvements in China: Past trends and future directions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Phenotypic evaluation of agronomic and root related traits for drought tolerance in recombinant inbred line population derived from a chickpea cultivar (C. arietinum L.) and its wild relative (C. reticulatum)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2022
Pollen selection for chilling tolerance at hybridisation leads to improved chickpea cultivars
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2004
Changes in the protein and fat contents of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars released in China in the last 60 years
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-07-2018
DOI: 10.1111/PBR.12621
The economic–environmental trade-off of growing apple trees in the drylands of China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Efficient root systems for enhancing tolerance of crops to water and phosphorus limitation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-11-2018
Tritium and trees: A bomb peak perspective on soil water dynamics in semi-arid apple orchards
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Can genomics assist the phenological adaptation of canola to new and changing environments?
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/CP15320
Abstract: Timing of life history events (phenology) is a key driver for the adaptation of grain crops to their environments. Anthesis (flowering) date is the critical phenological stage that has been most extensively studied. Maximum crop yield is achieved by maximising the duration of the pre-anthesis biomass accumulation phase and hence yield potential, while minimising the risk of water stress and temperature stress (heat and cold) during flowering and grain-filling stages. In this article, we review our understanding of phenology of the valuable oilseed crop canola (oilseed rape, Brassica napus L.) from the perspectives of biophysical modelling and genetics. In conjunction, we review the genomic resources for canola and how they could be used to develop models that can accurately predict flowering date in any given set of environmental conditions. Finally, we discuss how molecular marker tools can help canola breeders to continue to improve canola productivity in the light of climate changes and to broaden its adaptation into new agricultural areas.
Legacy effects of wheat season organic fertilizer addition on microbial co-occurrence networks, soil function, and yield of the subsequent maize season in a wheat-maize rotation system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Moderate drought stress affected root growth and grain yield in old, modern and newly-released cultivars of winter wheat
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 05-2017
Environmental implications, potential value, and future of food-waste anaerobic digestate management: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2022.115519
Abstract: Globally, the valorisation of food waste into digestate through the process of anaerobic digestion is becoming increasingly popular. As a result, a large amount of food-waste digestate will need to be properly utilised. The utilisation of anaerobic digestion for fertiliser and alternative uses is essential to obtain a circular bioeconomy. The review aims to examine the environmental management of food-waste digestate, the value of digestate as a fertiliser and soil conditioner, and the emerging uses and improvements for post-anaerobic digestion reuse of digestate. Odour emissions, contaminants in food waste, emission and leaching of nutrients into the environment, and the regulations, policies, and voluntary initiatives of anaerobic digestion are evaluated in the review. Food-waste digestate can provide essential nutrients, carbon, and bio-stimulants to soils and increase yield. Recently, promising research has shown that digestates can be used in hydroponic systems and potentially replace the use of synthetic fertilisers. The integration of anaerobic digestion with emerging uses, such as extraction of value-added products, algae cultivation, biochar and hydrochar production, can further reduce inhibitory sources of digestate and provide additional economic opportunities for businesses. Moreover, the end-product digestate from these technologies can also be more suitable for use in soil application and hydroponic use.
Yield-increase effects via improving soil phosphorus availability by applying K2SO4 fertilizer in calcareous-alkaline soils in a semi-arid agroecosystem
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
Novel genes and genetic loci associated with root morphological traits, phosphorus-acquisition efficiency and phosphorus-use efficiency in chickpea
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 28-05-2021
Abstract: Chickpea—the second most important grain legume worldwide—is cultivated mainly on marginal soils. Phosphorus (P) deficiency often restricts chickpea yields. Understanding the genetics of traits encoding P-acquisition efficiency and P-use efficiency will help develop strategies to reduce P-fertilizer application. A genome-wide association mapping approach was used to determine loci and genes associated with root architecture, root traits associated with P-acquisition efficiency and P-use efficiency, and any associated proxy traits. Using three statistical models—a generalized linear model (GLM), a mixed linear model (MLM), and a fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) —10, 51, and 40 marker-trait associations (MTAs), respectively were identified. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) locus (Ca1_12310101) on Ca1 associated with three traits, i.e., physiological P-use efficiency, shoot dry weight, and shoot P content was identified. Genes related to shoot P concentration (NAD kinase 2, dynamin-related protein 1C), physiological P-use efficiency (fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein), specific root length (4-coumarate–CoA ligase 1) and manganese concentration in mature leaves (ABC1 family protein) were identified. The MTAs and novel genes identified in this study can be used to improve P-use efficiency in chickpea.
Water Use Efficiency
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2013
Endophytic Bacillus atrophaeus CHGP13 and salicylic acid inhibit blue mold of lemon by regulating defense enzymes
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 13-06-2023
The effects of introducing Flemingia macrophylla to rubber plantations on soil water content and exchangeable cations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Early season drought largely reduces grain yield in wheat cultivars with smaller root systems
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-08-2019
Abstract: In the Australian grainbelt, early winter rainfall has declined during the last 30 years, and farmers sow their crops dry, increasing the risk of early season drought. This study aimed to examine whether differences in the root systems were associated with tolerance to early season drought. Three wheat cultivars with different root systems were grown in 1 m columns in a glasshouse. Immediately after sowing in dry soil, 440 mL water (equivalent to 25 mm rainfall) was supplied to each column, and no water was added to induce the early-season drought for the next 30 days. Shoot and root traits were measured at the end of the early season drought, anthesis and at maturity, respectively. The restricted water supply reduced Ψleaf, stomatal conductance, leaf photosynthetic rate, shoot and root biomass. Early season drought delayed phenology in all cultivars, but there was recovery of root and shoot biomass at anthesis in all three cultivars. Leaf area and shoot biomass at anthesis in Bahatans-87 (large root system) recovered better than Tincurrin (small root system). At maturity, early season drought reduced grain yield more in Tincurrin than Bahatans-87. The slow phenology of Bahatans-87 allowed greater recovery after the drought in leaf area and shoot biomass, which may explain the smaller reduction in grain yield after early season drought.
Application of humic acid and biofertilizers changes oil and phenolic compounds of fennel and fenugreek in intercropping systems
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-04-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-022-09645-4
Abstract: The study investigated the effect of organic/biofertilizers in intercropping patterns on seed yield and yield components and essential oil, fatty acid, and phenolic compounds of fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare L.) and fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Experimental treatments included the application of humic acid (HA), biofertilizers (BFS), and the unfertilized control in five planting patterns [1 row fennel + 2 rows fenugreek intercropping (1F:2FG), 2 rows fennel + 2 rows fenugreek intercropping (2F:2FG), 2 rows fennel + 4 rows fenugreek intercropping (2F:4FG), and sole cropping of each species]. Sole cropping with BFS produced the highest seed yields for fennel (2233 kg ha −1 ) and fenugreek (1240 kg ha –1 ). In contrast, the 2F:2FG intercropping ratio with BFS yielded the maximum fixed oil content for fennel (17.4%) and fenugreek (8.3%). Application of HA and BFS enhanced oil yields by 66% and 75% in fennel and 40% and 57% in fenugreek, respectively. The 2F:2FG intercropping ratio with BFS produced the maximum essential oil constituents [( E )-anethole, estragole, and fenchone] in fennel. In addition, 2F:4FG with BFS and 1F:1FG with HA produced the highest unsaturated fatty acid (oleic and linoleic acids) concentration in both species. The 2F:2FG intercropping ratio with BFS and HA produced the highest chlorogenic acid and quercetin contents, respectively, in fennel. In contrast, the 2F:4FG intercropping ratio with HA produced the highest chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid contents in fenugreek. Intercropping fennel/fenugreek with BFS or HA improved the essential oil content (fennel only), fixed oil quality and quantity, and phenolic compounds and created a more sustainable cultivation system than sole cropping systems for both species under low-input conditions.
Impact of the TaMATE1B gene on above and below-ground growth of durum wheat grown on an acid and Al3+-toxic soil
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-07-2020
Biocrusts significantly affect the bioavailability and ecological risk of heavy metals in gold mine tailings
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-08-2023
Effects, tolerance mechanisms and management of salt stress in grain legumes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.PLAPHY.2017.06.020
Abstract: Salt stress is an ever-present threat to crop yields, especially in countries with irrigated agriculture. Efforts to improve salt tolerance in crop plants are vital for sustainable crop production on marginal lands to ensure future food supplies. Grain legumes are a fascinating group of plants due to their high grain protein contents and ability to fix biological nitrogen. However, the accumulation of excessive salts in soil and the use of saline groundwater are threatening legume production worldwide. Salt stress disturbs photosynthesis and hormonal regulation and causes nutritional imbalance, specific ion toxicity and osmotic effects in legumes to reduce grain yield and quality. Understanding the responses of grain legumes to salt stress and the associated tolerance mechanisms, as well as assessing management options, may help in the development of strategies to improve the performance of grain legumes under salt stress. In this manuscript, we discuss the effects, tolerance mechanisms and management of salt stress in grain legumes. The principal inferences of the review are: (i) salt stress reduces seed germination (by up to more than 50%) either by inhibiting water uptake and/or the toxic effect of ions in the embryo, (ii) salt stress reduces growth (by more than 70%), mineral uptake, and yield (by 12-100%) due to ion toxicity and reduced photosynthesis, (iii) apoplastic acidification is a good indicator of salt stress tolerance, (iv) tolerance to salt stress in grain legumes may develop through excretion and/or compartmentalization of toxic ions, increased antioxidant capacity, accumulation of compatible osmolytes, and/or hormonal regulation, (v) seed priming and nutrient management may improve salt tolerance in grain legumes, (vi) plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may help to improve salt tolerance due to better plant nutrient availability, and (vii) the integration of screening, innovative breeding, and the development of transgenics and crop management strategies may enhance salt tolerance and yield in grain legumes on salt-affected soils.
Comparisons among four different upscaling strategies for cultivar genetic parameters in rainfed spring wheat phenology simulations with the DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2008
Adoption of conservation tillage on the semi-arid Loess Plateau of Northwest China
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-07-2018
DOI: 10.3390/SU10082621
Abstract: Conservation tillage is an important approach to prevent water loss and soil erosion and promote soil fertility that has been adopted widely throughout the world. However, despite promotion of the benefits of conservation tillage, obstacles are still encountered in some regions. A survey of 385 farmer households in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China was conducted to assess the adoption of conservation tillage (ACT). This investigation was located in two counties that have run conservation tillage demonstrations with wheat for at least eight years. A binary logistic regression model was used to quantify the factors determining whether or not farmers adopt conservation tillage. Farmer’s education level, the influence of training, and field demonstrations by agricultural departments had significant positive effects on ACT. Although the adoption rate of conservation tillage in this paper was very high (89%), farmers were reluctant to continue practicing conservation tillage based on their experiences, which is contrary to the expectations of the government. The area available for planting winter wheat and the number of arable plots per household also had significant positive effects on ACT. However, the total cultivated area of land per household had a significant negative impact on ACT. Farmer awareness of conservation tillage technology, the distance from a farmer’s house to the nearest agricultural market, and the size of the active labor force in the family had significant negative impacts on ACT. These results will help in the development of more effective and targeted policies to improve the sustainability of farming systems on the semi-arid Loess Plateau.
STABILITYSOFT : A new online program to calculate parametric and non‐parametric stability statistics for crop traits
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1002/APS3.1211
Smart Antibacterial Food Packaging Based on MIL-53 (Fe) Functionalized Polylactic Acid Film for pH-Responsive Controlled Release
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-04-2023
Seed priming in field crops
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1071/CP18604
Abstract: Seed priming is a presowing technique in which seeds are moderately hydrated to the point where pregermination metabolic processes begin without actual germination. Seeds are then redried to near their actual weight for normal handling. Seeds can be soaked in tap water (hydropriming), aerated low-water potential solutions of polyethylene glycol or salt solutions (KNO3, KH2PO4, KCl, NaCl, CaCl2 or MgSO4 osmopriming), plant growth regulators, polyamines (hormonal priming), plant growth-promoting bacteria (biopriming), macro or micronutrients (nutripriming) or some plant-based natural extracts. Here, we review: (1) seed priming as a simple and effective approach for improving stand establishment, economic yields and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in various crops by inducing a series of biochemical, physiological, molecular and subcellular changes in plants (2) the tendency for seed priming to reduce the longevity of high-vigour seeds and improve the longevity of low-vigour seeds (3) the advantages of physical methods of seed priming to enhance plant production over conventional methods based on the application of different chemical substances (4) the various physical methods (e.g. magneto-priming and ionising radiation, including gamma rays, ultraviolet (UV) rays (UVA, UVC) and X-rays) available that are the most promising presowing seed treatments to improve crop productivity under stressful conditions and (5) effective seed priming techniques for micronutrient delivery at planting in field crops. Seed priming as a cost-effective approach is being used for different crops and in different countries to improve yield, as a complementary strategy to grain biofortification and in genetically improved crop varieties to enhance their performance under stress conditions, including submergence and low phosphorus. Some of the challenges to the broad commercial adaption of seed priming include longevity of seeds after conventional types of priming under ambient storage conditions and a lack of studies on hermetic packaging materials for extended storage.
Effects of drought, heat and their interaction on the growth, yield and photosynthetic function of lentil (Lens culinaris medikus) genotypes varying in heat and drought sensitivity
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 17-10-2017
Development of an assay to evaluate differences in germination rate among chickpea genotypes under limited water content
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/FP11178
Abstract: An assay system that provides rapid and reproducible germination under low soil water content ( % water holding capacity (WHC)) was developed and used to compare how chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes complete germination, without the technical difficulties of accurately controlling water levels. The system consisted of small plastic containers (50 mm × 50 mm × 60 mm) filled with river sand and tightly closed (but not sealed) to minimise water loss and maintain constant soil water content during germination. Seed size influenced germination performance at low WHC. Small seeds within a single genotype germinated successfully and entered into the early stages of seedling growth, but germination of large seeds was inhibited, failing to germinate at 5% WHC. Small seeds were more efficient in remobilising seed reserves to seedling tissues than larger seeds. Under optimal WHC, the germination rate and subsequent radicle growth was similar among genotypes but at low WHC, there was variation despite seeds being of comparable size and imbibing equally. This suggests that the physiological threshold of threshold water potential for initiation of germination reflects genotypic differences. The assay system provides a suitable experimental tool to examine gene expression in contrasting genotypes during germination and early stages of seedling growth with a view to identifying the genes involved in superior performance under water limited field conditions.
Heat stress and cowpea
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2020
Soil P availability, inorganic P fractions and yield effect in a calcareous soil with plastic-film-mulched spring wheat
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
Elevated CO2 concentration regulate the stomatal traits of oilseed rape to alleviate the impact of water deficit on physiological properties
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Poorly formed chloroplasts are barriers to interspecific hybridization in chickpea following in vitro embryo rescue
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-04-2011
An Epidemiological Model for Externally Sourced Vector-Borne Viruses Applied to Bean yellow mosaic virus in Lupin Crops in a Mediterranean-Type Environment
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 12-2008
Abstract: A hybrid mechanistic/statistical model was developed to predict vector activity and epidemics of vector-borne viruses spreading from external virus sources to an adjacent crop. The pathosystem tested was Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) spreading from annually self-regenerating, legume-based pastures to adjacent crops of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) in the winter–spring growing season in a region with a Mediterranean-type environment where the virus persists over summer within dormant seed of annual clovers. The model uses a combination of daily rainfall and mean temperature during late summer and early fall to drive aphid population increase, migration of aphids from pasture to lupin crops, and the spread of BYMV. The model predicted time of arrival of aphid vectors and resulting BYMV spread successfully for seven of eight datasets from 2 years of field observations at four sites representing different rainfall and geographic zones of the southwestern Australian grainbelt. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the relative importance of the main parameters that describe the pathosystem. The hybrid mechanistic/statistical approach used created a flexible analytical tool for vector-mediated plant pathosystems that made useful predictions even when field data were not available for some components of the system.
Enhancing crop productivity for recarbonizing soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2024
Greenhouse gas emission responses to different soil amendments on the Loess Plateau, China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
The carboxylate‐releasing phosphorus‐mobilizing strategy can be proxied by foliar manganese concentration in a large set of chickpea germplasm under low phosphorus supply
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-05-2018
DOI: 10.1111/NPH.15200
Abstract: Root foraging and root physiology such as exudation of carboxylates into the rhizosphere are important strategies for plant phosphorus (P) acquisition. We used 100 chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes with erse genetic backgrounds to study the relative roles of root morphology and physiology in P acquisition. Plants were grown in pots in a low-P sterilized river sand supplied with 10 μg P g
Rubber-leguminous shrub systems stimulate soil N2O but reduce CO2 and CH4 emissions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Integrated model and field experiment to determine the optimum planting density in plastic film mulched rainfed agriculture
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Ammoniated straw incorporation increases wheat yield, yield stability, soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen content
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Yield and water-use related traits in landrace and new soybean cultivars in arid and semi-arid areas of China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Genetic Dissection of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Plant Height Using Single-Locus and Multi-Locus Genome-Wide Association Studies
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-04-2022
Abstract: Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plant height (PH) is a biologically important plant architecture trait linked to yield and controlled by polygenes. However, limited information is available on quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs), alleles, and candidate genes. The plant height of 94 tobacco accessions and their 126,602 SNPs were measured to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using four multi-locus (ML) and two single-locus (SL) models to better understand its genetic basis. The ML and SL models detected 181 and 29 QTNs, respectively, across four environments/BLUP LOD scores ranged from 3.01–13.45, and the phenotypic variance explained (PVE) ranged from 0.69–25.37%. Fifty-two novel, stable QTNs were detected across at least two methods and/or two environments/BLUP, with 0.64–24.76% PVE. Among these, 49 QTNs exhibited significant phenotypic differences between two alleles the distribution of elite and alternative alleles for each accession ranged from 3–42 and 6–46, respectively, in the mapping population. Seven cross combinations in two directions were predicted using alleles of validated QTNs, including Qinggeng × KY14 for taller plants and RG112 × VA115 for shorter plants. We identified 27 candidate genes in the vicinity of 49 stable QTNs based on comparative genomics, gene ontology (GO), and KEGG enrichment analysis, including AP2, Nitab4.5_0000343g0250.1 (ROC1), Nitab4.5_0000197g0010.1 (VFB1), CDF3, AXR6, KUP8, and NPY2. This is the first study to use genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) of SNPs to determine QTNs, potential candidate genes, and alleles associated with plant height. These findings could provide a new avenue for investigating the QTNs in tobacco by combining SL and ML association mapping and solid foundations for functional genomics, the genetic basis, and molecular breeding for PH in tobacco.
Improved seed yield and phosphorus accumulation in soybean are associated with the enhanced root exudates in south-west China
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-11-2022
Individual and combined effects of transient drought and heat stress on carbon assimilation and seed filling in chickpea
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1071/FP13340
Abstract: High temperatures and decreased rainfall are detrimental to yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), particularly during grain filling. This study aimed to (i) assess the in idual and combined effects of drought and heat stress on biochemical seed-filling processes, (ii) determine genotypic differences in heat and drought tolerance, and (iii) determine any cross-tolerance. Plants were grown outdoors in the normal growing season when temperatures during seed filling were −20°C or were planted late (temperatures −20°C heat stress). Half of the pots were kept adequately watered throughout, but water was withheld from the others from the initiation of seed filling until the relative leaf water content reached 50% of the irrigated plants (drought stress) all plants were rewatered thereafter until seed maturit. Water was withheld for 13 days (normal sowing) and 7 days (late sowing), so soil moisture decreased by 54–57%. Tests on leaves and seeds were performed after the stress. In idual and combined stress damaged membranes, and decreased cellular oxidising ability, stomatal conductance, PSII function and leaf chlorophyll content damage was greater under combined stress. Leaf Rubisco activity increased with heat stress, decreased with drought stress and decreased severely with combined stress. Sucrose and starch concentrations decreased in all seeds through reductions in biosynthetic enzymes reductions were greater under combined stress. These effects were more severe in heat- and drought-sensitive genotypes compared with drought-tolerant genotypes. Drought stress had a greater effect than heat stress on yield and the biochemical seed-filling mechanisms. Drought- and heat-tolerant genotypes showed partial cross-tolerance.
Vertical variation in shallow and deep soil moisture in an apple orchard in the loess hilly–gully area of north China
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-09-2021
DOI: 10.1111/SUM.12598
Abstract: Deep soil ( m) moisture is relatively stable water that supports tree growth and water management in the loess hilly–gully area of China. Characterizing the spatial variation of deep soil moisture is important for water management in apple orchards. Using a space‐for‐time substitution approach, we analysed the spatial variation of soil moisture content ( θ ) in 0–8 m soil profiles in a dry year (2015, precipitation: 392 mm) in rainfed apple ( Malus pumila Mill.) orchards of various ages (mainly established in 2009, 2006, 2003, 1997 and 1994). The soil moisture surveys revealed: (a) four soil layers according to soil moisture distribution characteristics at 0–8.0 m depth: shallow rapidly changing layer (0–0.6 m), rainfall redistribution layer (0.6–2.0 m), transition layer (2.0–4.0 m) and stable layer (4.0–8.0 m) (b) the most critical zone for water consumption is the 0.6–2.0 m soil layer, with the lowest θ in the orchards, while water in the 4.0–8.0 m soil layer remained stable and (c) significant ( p .01) positive correlations between θ s in the 0.6–2.0 m, 2.0–4.0 m and 4.0–8.0 m layers. In addition, the θ s showed a significant ( p .01) negative relationship with orchard age in the deep soil layers ( m), and especially in the 0.6–2.0 m soil layer. Therefore, effective water management through various water regulation measures at the 0.6–2.0 m soil layer is essential for the sustainable development of apple orchards and reducing drought stress on the Loess Plateau and, potentially, other semi‐arid orchards.
Effects of phosphorus supply and salt stress on plant growth, organic acid concentration, and sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus utilization in wheat
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2023
Growth and seed yield of vetches (Vicia spp) in south-western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1071/EA9960587
Abstract: The growth and seed yield of 5 vetch (Vicia) cultivars representing Vicia sativa, V. benghalensis and V. villosa were compared at 8 sites over 2 years in south-western Australia. The vetches showed considerable potential as grain and forage legume crops in the low to medium rainfall areas of the Western Australian cereal belt. Cultivars of V. sativa showed the most potential in terms of dry matter and seed yield, and on average across sites and seasons both Languedoc and Blanchefleur produced over 2.5 t/ha of dry matter at flowering: Machine-harvested seed yields were over 1.6 t/ha. Cultivars of V. benghalensis and V. villosa produced considerably less dry matter at flowering and had lower harvest index (0.14-0.42) and seed yield 4 t/ha) when compared with the V. sativa cultivars, possibly due to their poor growth rates and delayed phenology. Early Purple, an early flowering and maturing selection from the V. benghalensis cultivar Popany, showed improved adaptation and seed yield at many low rainfall sites. Nevertheless, Languedoc, Blanchefleur and Early Popany are all considered late flowering (up to 126 days) compared with grain legumes adapted to this environment, and further improvement in vetch species could be achieved by selecting for more rapid development. Both soft-seededness and non-shattering pods should also be high priorities for vetch selection and/or breeding programs. It is concluded that vetch species may have a role in farming systems in Western Australia for the production of fodder, hay, grain or green manure while providing the other rotational benefits of legumes on fine-textured neutral to alkaline and shallow duplex soils where narrow-leafed lupin is poorly adapted.
Assessing phosphorus efficiency and tolerance in maize genotypes with contrasting root systems at the early growth stage using the semi-hydroponic phenotyping system
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-03-2023
Abstract: Development of an evaluation tool to determine genotypic variation in phosphorus (P) utilization efficiency is essential to ensure crop productivity and farmers’ income under low P environments. This study aimed to develop an evaluation tool to determine genotypic variation in low‐P tolerance and P use efficiency under low P environments. Root response and P efficiency traits in 20 maize genotypes with contrasting root systems were assessed 32 days after transplanting into the semi‐hydroponic root phenotyping system under low P (10 µM) or optimal P (200 µM) supply. Compared to optimal P, low P supply increased root‐to‐shoot biomass ratio by 48.7% (shoot dry weight decreased by 20.0% and root dry weight increased by 20.6%). Low P supply increased total root length by 17.8% but decreased primary root depth, with no significant change in lateral root number across all genotypes. Low P stress enhanced P utilization efficiency. Based on genotypic variation and correlations among the 17 measured plant traits in response to low P stress, nine traits were converted to low‐P tolerance coefficients (LPTC), compressed by principal component analysis. The three principal component scores were extracted for hierarchical cluster analysis and classified the 20 genotypes into three groups with different P efficiency, including two P‐efficient genotypes and nine P‐inefficient genotypes. The study demonstrated genotypic variation in response to low P stress. The P‐efficient genotypes with higher LPTC values better adapted to low P environments by adjusting root architecture and re‐distributing P and biomass in plant organs. The systematic cluster analysis using selected traits and their LPTC values can be used as an evaluation tool in assessing P efficiency among the genotypes.
Effects of organic amendments and ridge–furrow mulching system on soil properties and economic benefits of wolfberry orchards on the Tibetan Plateau
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.154317
Abstract: Water scarcity and low soil fertility severely constrain crop growth and sustainable agricultural productivity on the Tibetan Plateau. Organic amendments and ridge-furrow mulching system (RFMS) are widely used to improve soil moisture, soil structure, and crop production in arid and semi-arid areas. However, their combined effects on soil physicochemical properties and economic benefits of wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) on the Tibetan Plateau remain unclear. A two-year field experiment was undertaken to evaluate the combined effects of organic amendments and RFMS on soil water, soil structure, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and economic benefits on wolfberry. Four cultivation practices were established: traditional flat plot with mulching (FP), traditional flat plot with mulching and organic amendment (FPOA), ridge-furrow planting with mulching (RF), and ridge-furrow planting with mulching and organic amendment (RFOA). The organic amendment and RFMS treatments had higher soil water storage (SWS) and soil desiccation index (SDI) than the FP treatment in both growing seasons, especially at 20-60 cm soil depth. In addition, organic amendment significantly decreased soil bulk density by 6.4% and increased soil saturated hydraulic conductivity by 16.8% in the 0-60 cm soil layer, respectively, and improved the proportion of larger soil aggregates (0.02-2 mm) by 10.8% in the 0-40 cm soil layer. Furthermore, the RFOA treatment significantly improved SOC and TN contents at 0-60 cm soil depth by 47.7% and 19.4%, respectively, relative to FP. The measured soil properties were highly correlated with wolfberry yield and water use efficiency over 2 years. In particular, the RFOA treatment had higher crop yield and economic benefit than the other treatments due to the more favorable soil environment. Therefore, the RFOA treatment could be a sustainable and efficient cultivation practice for alleviating drought stress, improving soil properties, and increasing economic benefit on the Tibetan Plateau.
A PCR-based marker closely linked to a 2BS QTL conferring wheat yellow spot resistance for marker-assisted breeding
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/CP15312
Abstract: Yellow spot (caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) is a major foliar disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum) that has become more serious in recent years, possibly because of climate change. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) located on the short arm of wheat chromosome 2B explaining 30–40% of the phenotypic variance has been identified as responsible for resistance to Australian yellow spot isolates, which reportedly produce mostly the ToxA effector. The closest marker linked to this QTL was a DArT marker not easy to use in large-scale selections, whereas the closest PCR-based marker available (2.7 cM) was too far away for reliably tagging the locus in wheat breeding. We therefore undertook studies to develop more closely linked and user-friendly markers for this major QTL. Forty-one new markers either synthesised from DArT markers or identified from the GrainGene database were assessed. From these, we developed a new PCR-based marker (Rfsts1), located 0.3 cM away from the major QTL. This is the first suitable marker for marker-assisted selection for yellow spot resistance in Australian wheat-breeding programs.
Tungsten contamination, behavior and remediation in complex environmental settings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Modeling crop breeding for global food security during climate change
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-10-2019
DOI: 10.1002/FES3.157
Utilisation of wild Cicer in chickpea improvement - progress, constraints, and prospects
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/AR02157
Abstract: Efforts to improve the yield and quality of cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) are constrained by a low level of intraspecific genetic ersity. Increased genetic ersity can be achieved via the hybridisation of the cultivated species with the unimproved 'wild' relatives from within the 43 species of the Cicer genus. To date, the 8 species sharing an annual growth habit and chromosome number with C. arietinum have been the primary focus of screening and introgression efforts. Screening of these species has uncovered morphological characteristics and resistance to a number of abiotic and biotic stresses that are of potential value to chickpea improvement programs. Detailed analysis of protein and DNA, karyotyping, and crossability studies have begun to elucidate the relationships between the annual Cicer species. In comparison, perennial species have received little attention due to difficulties in collection, propagation, and evaluation. This review discusses the progress towards an understanding of genetic relationships between the Cicer species, and the introgression of genes from the wild Cicer species into the cultivated species.
Better tillage selection before ridge—furrow film mulch can facilitate root proliferation, and increase nitrogen accumulation, translocation and grain yield of maize in a semiarid area
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Response of vetch (Vicia spp.) to plant density in south-western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1071/EA01198
Abstract: The response of Vicia sativa (cvv. Languedoc, Blanchefleur and Morava) and V. benghalensis (cv. Barloo) seed yield to seeding rate was examined in 9 field experiments across 2 years in south-western Australia. There were 2 types of field experiments: seeding rate (20, 40, 60, 100 and 140 kg/ha) × cultivar (Languedoc, Blanchefleur, and Morava or Barloo), and time of sowing (2 times of sowing of either Languedoc or Blanchefleur) × seeding rate (5,�7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha).A target density of 40 plants/m2 gave 'optimum' seed yield of vetch in south-western Australia. In high yielding situations, with a yield potential above 1.5 t/ha, the 'optimum' plant density for the early flowering cultivar Languedoc (85–97 days to 50% flowering) was increased to 60 plants/m2. The later flowering cultivar Blanchefleur (95–106 days to 50% flowering) had an optimum plant density of 33 plants/m2 at all sites, regardless of fitted maximum seed yield. Plant density in the range 31–38 plants/m2 was found to be adequate for dry matter production at maturity of Languedoc and Blanchefleur. For the remaining cultivars Barloo and Morava we were unable to determine an average optimum density for either dry matter or seed yield due to insufficient and/or inconsistent data.
Preharvest melatonin foliar treatments enhance postharvest longevity of cut tuberose via altering physio-biochemical traits
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-03-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FPLS.2023.1151722
Abstract: Melatonin (MLT) is a bioactive molecule involved in the physiological functioning of plants. Reports related to preharvest applications of melatonin on the postharvest performance of cut flowers are not available in the literature. This study evaluated the effects of different concentrations of exogenous MLT [0 mM (MT0), 0.5 mM (MT1), 0.7 mM (MT2), 1 mM (MT3)] applied preharvest on the physiological characteristics and postharvest performance of cut tuberose, a globally demanded cut flower. The results revealed that all treatments increased postharvest vase life by up to 4 d. The MT1, MT2, and MT3 treatments increased total soluble proteins (TSP) by 25%, 41%, and 17%, soluble sugars (SS) by 21%, 36%, and 33%, an+d postharvest catalase (CAT) activity by 52%, 66%, and 70%, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) decreased in all preharvest treatments by up to 23% and 56%, respectively. Proline concentration decreased in all treatments, particularly MT3 (38%). These findings suggest that preharvest MLT treatment is a promising strategy for improving the postharvest quality of cut tuberose.
Predicting phenological development for Australian wheat varieties.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1987
DOI: 10.1071/AR9870809C
Abstract: Dates of ear initation and anthesis were recorded for 16 wheat cultivars at a wide range of sowing dates in four field experiments conducted over four years.In general for the majority of cultivars number of days from sowing to ear initiation increased as sowing was delayed through May and then declined with sowings after June. The effects of sowing date and cultivar on anthesis were similar to those observed for ear initiation. Maximum time to anthesis was observed from sowings in early May.A linear regression model relating rate of development to mean temperature and photoperiod accounted for 47-98% of the variation in rate of development from sowing to ear initiation and from 68 to 98% of the variation from ear initiation to anthesis. A five-parameter non-linear model was also tested but was not superior. Observations in a single year were sufficient to characterize a cultivar provided the range of mean temperature and photoperiod was large.Comparison with data from other field sites of ear initiation and anthesis showed that the regression equations gave a good fit to the occurrence of these events when used in the incremental sense, that is, by summing increments of development rate calculated from daily temperature and photoperiod.The prediction model is discussed in relation to its application in simulation models of crop growth, analysis of cultivar adaptation to environments and in day-to-day crop management.
Ameliorative roles of biochar-based fertilizer on morpho-physiological traits, nutrient uptake and yield in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under water stress
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Innovations in agronomy for food legumes. A review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-03-2012
Benefits and limitations of straw mulching and incorporation on maize yield, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Agricultural ecosystem management in dry areas: Challenges and solutions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-09-2011
Dissecting root trait variability in maize genotypes using the semi-hydroponic phenotyping platform
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-09-2019
Stomata coordinate with plant hydraulics to regulate transpiration response to vapour pressure deficit in wheat
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 03-05-2021
DOI: 10.1071/FP20392
Abstract: Genotypic variation in transpiration (Tr) response to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) has been studied in many crop species. There is debate over whether shoots or roots drive these responses. We investigated how stomata coordinate with plant hydraulics to mediate Tr response to VPD and influence leaf water status in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We measured Tr and stomatal conductance (gs) responses to VPD in well-watered, water-stressed and de-rooted shoots of eight wheat genotypes. Tr response to VPD was related to stomatal sensitivity to VPD and proportional to gs at low VPD, except in the water-stressed treatment, which induced strong stomatal closure at all VPD levels. Moreover, gs response to VPD was driven by adaxial stomata. A simple linear Tr response to VPD was associated with unresponsive gs to VPD. In contrast, segmented linear Tr to VPD response was mostly a function of gs with the breakpoint depending on the capacity to meet transpirational demand and set by the shoots. However, the magnitude of Tr response to VPD was influenced by roots, soil water content and stomatal sensitivity to VPD. These findings, along with a theoretical model suggest that stomata coordinate with plant hydraulics to regulate Tr response to VPD in wheat.
Polymer-coated rock mineral fertilizer has potential to substitute soluble fertilizer for increasing growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of wheat
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-01-2020
Effects of individual and combined heat and drought stress during seed filling on the oxidative metabolism and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes differing in heat and drought tolerance
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/CP17028
Abstract: Drought and heat stress are two major constraints that limit chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) yield, particularly during seed filling. The present study aimed (i) to assess the in idual and combined effects of drought and heat stress on oxidative metabolism during seed filling, and (ii) to determine any genetic variation in oxidative metabolism among genotypes differing in drought and heat tolerance and sensitivity. The plants were raised in outdoor conditions with two different times of sowing, one in November (normal-sown, temperatures °C−20°C (day–night) during seed filling), and the other in February (late-sown, temperatures °C−20°C (day–night) during seed filling). Plants were regularly irrigated to prevent any water shortage until the water treatments were applied. At both sowing times, the drought treatment was applied during seed filling (at ~75% podding) by withholding water from half of the pots until the relative leaf water content (RLWC) of leaves on the top three branches reached 42–45%, whereas leaves in the fully irrigated control plants were maintained at RLWC 85–90%. Drought-stressed plants were then rewatered and maintained under fully irrigated conditions until maturity. Several biochemical parameters were measured on the leaves and seeds at the end of the stress treatments, and seed yield and aboveground biomass were measured at maturity. In idual and combined stresses damaged membranes, and decreased PSII function and leaf chlorophyll content, more so under the combined stress treatment. The levels of oxidative molecules (malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2) markedly increased compared with the control plants in all stress treatments, especially across genotypes in the combined heat + drought stress treatment (increases in leaves: MDA 5.4–8.4-fold and H2O2 5.1–7.1-fold in seeds: MDA 1.9–3.3-fold and H2O2 3.8–7.9-fold). The enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants related to oxidative metabolism increased under in idual stress treatments but decreased in the combined heat + drought stress treatment. Leaves had higher oxidative damage than seeds, and this likely inhibited their photosynthetic efficiency. Yields were reduced more by drought stress than by heat stress, with the lowest yields in the combined heat + drought stress treatment. Heat- and drought-tolerant genotypes suffered less damage and had higher yields than the heat- and drought-sensitive genotypes under the in idual and combined stress treatments, suggesting partial cross-tolerance in these genotypes. A drought-tolerant genotype ICC8950 produced more seed yield under the combined heat + drought stress than other genotypes, and this was associated with low oxidative damage in leaves and seeds.
Nanobiotechnology to advance stress resilience in plants: Current opportunities and challenges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Nitrogen supply improved plant growth and Cd translocation in maize at the silking and physiological maturity under moderate Cd stress
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2021.113137
Abstract: Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination is a serious problem on agricultural land. Adequate nitrogen (N) may help ameliorate plant fitness under Cd stress. This study examined the role of N application in improving maize tolerance to Cd stress. Two maize genotypes, Zhongke11 (larger root system) and Shengrui999 (smaller root system), were grown in a loessal soil amended with Cd (Cd0, no added Cd Cd1, 20 mg kg
Evaluation of cultivation methods, surface, and deep soil water use of maize in a semi-arid environment in China
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-10-2022
Variation of yield and physiological characteristics of Lathyrus sativus L. populations under terminal drought
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Smart reprograming of plants against salinity stress using modern biotechnological tools
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-08-2023
DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2093695
Abstract: Climate change gives rise to numerous environmental stresses, including soil salinity. Salinity/salt stress is the second biggest abiotic factor affecting agricultural productivity worldwide by damaging numerous physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. In particular, salinity affects plant growth, development, and productivity. Salinity responses include modulation of ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense system induction, and biosynthesis of numerous phytohormones and osmoprotectants to protect plants from osmotic stress by decreasing ion toxicity and augmented reactive oxygen species scavenging. As most crop plants are sensitive to salinity, improving salt tolerance is crucial in sustaining global agricultural productivity. In response to salinity, plants trigger stress-related genes, proteins, and the accumulation of metabolites to cope with the adverse consequence of salinity. Therefore, this review presents an overview of salinity stress in crop plants. We highlight advances in modern biotechnological tools, such as omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) approaches and different genome editing tools (ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas system) for improving salinity tolerance in plants and accomplish the goal of "zero hunger," a worldwide sustainable development goal proposed by the FAO.
Accuracy of Selection in Early Generations of Field Pea Breeding Increases by Exploiting the Information Contained in Correlated Traits
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-03-2023
Abstract: Accuracy of predicted breeding values (PBV) for low heritability traits may be increased in early generations by exploiting the information available in correlated traits. We compared the accuracy of PBV for 10 correlated traits with low to medium narrow-sense heritability (h2) in a genetically erse field pea (Pisum sativum L.) population after univariate or multivariate linear mixed model (MLMM) analysis with pedigree information. In the contra-season, we crossed and selfed S1 parent plants, and in the main season we evaluated spaced plants of S0 cross progeny and S2+ (S2 or higher) self progeny of parent plants for the 10 traits. Stem strength traits included stem buckling (SB) (h2 = 0.05), compressed stem thickness (CST) (h2 = 0.12), internode length (IL) (h2 = 0.61) and angle of the main stem above horizontal at first flower (EAngle) (h2 = 0.46). Significant genetic correlations of the additive effects occurred between SB and CST (0.61), IL and EAngle (−0.90) and IL and CST (−0.36). The average accuracy of PBVs in S0 progeny increased from 0.799 to 0.841 and in S2+ progeny increased from 0.835 to 0.875 in univariate vs MLMM, respectively. An optimized mating design was constructed with optimal contribution selection based on an index of PBV for the 10 traits, and predicted genetic gain in the next cycle ranged from 1.4% (SB), 5.0% (CST), 10.5% (EAngle) and −10.5% (IL), with low achieved parental coancestry of 0.12. MLMM improved the potential genetic gain in annual cycles of early generation selection in field pea by increasing the accuracy of PBV.
Genotype by environment studies across Australia reveal the importance of phenology for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) improvement
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/AR04104
Abstract: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes comprising released cultivars, advanced breeding lines, and landraces of Australian, Mediterranean basin, Indian, and Ethiopian origin were evaluated at 5 representative sites (Merredin, WA Minnipa, SA Walpeup, Vic. Tamworth, NSW Warwick, Qld) over 2 years. Data on plant stand, early vigour, phenology, productivity, and yield components were collected at each site. Site yields ranged from 0.3 t/ha at Minnipa in 1999 to 3.5 t/ha at Warwick in 1999. Genotype by environment (G × E) interaction was highly significant. Principal components analysis revealed contrasting genotype interaction behaviour at dry, low-yielding sites (Minnipa 1999, Merredin 2000) and higher rainfall, longer growing-season environments (Tamworth 2000). Genotype clusters performing well under stress tended to yield well at all sites except Tamworth in 2000, and were characterised by early phenology and high harvest index, but were not different in terms of biomass or early vigour. Some of these traits were strongly influenced by germplasm origin. The material with earliest phenology came from Ethiopia, and southern and central India, with progressively later material from northern India and Australia, and finally the Mediterranean. There was a delay between the onset of flowering and podding at all sites, which was related to average temperatures immediately post-anthesis (r = –0.81), and therefore larger in early flowering material ( days at some sites). Harvest index was highest in Indian and Ethiopian germplasm, whereas crop height was greatest in Australian and Mediterranean accessions. Some consistently high yielding genotypes new to the Australian breeding program were identified (ICCV 10, BG 362), and the existing cultivar Lasseter was also confirmed to be very productive.
Combinations of tall standing and horizontal residue affect soil water dynamics in rainfed conservation agriculture systems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
The scaling relationship of below-and above-ground biomass of different grain crops during the seedling stage
Publisher: Friends Science Publishers
Date: 06-2016
Plant growth-regulating molecules as thermoprotectants
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 20-07-2020
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERZ333
Abstract: Among various abiotic stresses, heat stress is one of the most damaging, threatening plant productivity and survival all over the world. Warmer temperatures due to climatic anomalies above optimum growing temperatures have detrimental impacts on crop yield potential as well as plant distribution patterns. Heat stress affects overall plant metabolism in terms of physiology, biochemistry, and gene expression. Membrane damage, protein degradation, enzyme inactivation, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species are some of the harmful effects of heat stress that cause injury to various cellular compartments. Although plants are equipped with various defense strategies to counteract these adversities, their defensive means are not sufficient to defend against the ever-rising temperatures. Hence, substantial yield losses have been observed in all crop species under heat stress. Here, we describe the involvement of various plant growth-regulators (PGRs) (hormones, polyamines, osmoprotectants, antioxidants, and other signaling molecules) in thermotolerance, through erse cellular mechanisms that protect cells under heat stress. Several studies involving the exogenous application of PGRs to heat-stressed plants have demonstrated their role in imparting tolerance, suggesting the strong potential of these molecules in improving the performance of food crops grown under high temperature.
Chickpea evolution has selected for contrasting phenological mechanisms among different habitats
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-03-2011
Assessment of ICCV 2 × JG 62 chickpea progenies shows sensitivity of reproduction to salt stress and reveals QTL for seed yield and yield components
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-06-2012
Variation in spikelet initiation and ear development of old and modern Australian wheat varieties.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1989
Response of Physiological, Reproductive Function and Yield Traits in Cultivated Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Under Heat Stress
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 25-05-2022
Abstract: Under global climate change, high-temperature stress is becoming a major threat to crop yields, adversely affecting plant growth, and ultimately resulting in significant yield losses in various crops, including chickpea. Thus, identifying crop genotypes with increased heat stress (HS) tolerance is becoming a priority for chickpea research. Here, we assessed the response of seven physiological traits and four yield and yield-related traits in 39 chickpea genotypes grown in normal-sown and late-sown environments [to expose plants to HS (& /20°C) at the reproductive stage] for two consecutive years (2017–2018 and 2018–2019). Significant genetic variability for the tested traits occurred under normal and HS conditions in both years. Based on the tested physiological parameters and yield-related traits, GNG2171, GNG1969, GNG1488, PantG186, CSJ515, RSG888, RSG945, RVG202, and GNG469 were identified as promising genotypes under HS. Further, ten heat-tolerant and ten heat-sensitive lines from the set of 39 genotypes were validated for their heat tolerance (32/20°C from flowering to maturity) in a controlled environment of a growth chamber. Of the ten heat-tolerant genotypes, GNG1969, GNG1488, PantG186, RSG888, CSJ315, and GNG1499 exhibited high heat tolerance evidenced by small reductions in pollen viability, pollen germination, and pod set %, high seed yield plant –1 and less damage to membranes, photosynthetic ability, leaf water status, and oxidative processes. In growth chamber, chlorophyll, photosynthetic efficiency, pollen germination, and pollen viability correlated strongly with yield traits. Thus, GNG1969, GNG1488, PantG186, RSG888, CSJ315, and GNG1499 genotypes could be used as candidate donors for transferring heat tolerance traits to high-yielding heat-sensitive varieties to develop heat-resilient chickpea cultivars.
A significant increase in rhizosheath carboxylates and greater specific root length in response to terminal drought is associated with greater relative phosphorus acquisition in chickpea
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-11-2021
Genotype-environment interaction for seed yield and ODAP concentration of Lathyrus sativus L. and L. cicera L. in Mediterranean-type environments.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1999
Arsenic toxicity in plants: Cellular and molecular mechanisms of its transport and metabolism
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Sequencing of Cultivated Peanut, Arachis hypogaea, Yields Insights into Genome Evolution and Oil Improvement
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.MOLP.2019.03.005
Abstract: Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an allotetraploid crop planted in Asia, Africa, and America for edible oil and protein. To explore the origins and consequences of tetraploidy, we sequenced the allotetraploid A. hypogaea genome and compared it with the related diploid Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis genomes. We annotated 39 888 A-subgenome genes and 41 526 B-subgenome genes in allotetraploid peanut. The A. hypogaea subgenomes have evolved asymmetrically, with the B subgenome resembling the ancestral state and the A subgenome undergoing more gene disruption, loss, conversion, and transposable element proliferation, and having reduced gene expression during seed development despite lacking genome-wide expression dominance. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses identified more than 2 500 oil metabolism-related genes and revealed that most of them show altered expression early in seed development while their expression ceases during desiccation, presenting a comprehensive map of peanut lipid biosynthesis. The availability of these genomic resources will facilitate a better understanding of the complex genome architecture, agronomically and economically important genes, and genetic improvement of peanut.
Allelic variations of a light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein gene (Lhcb1) associated with agronomic traits in barley
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 25-05-2012
Conservation agriculture in Australia and New Zealand
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 04-12-2014
Reducing N2O emissions with enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers (EENFs) in a high-yielding spring maize system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Changes in yield and agronomic traits of soybean cultivars released in China in the last 60 years
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/CP17002
Abstract: Breeding and cultivar improvement are important for increasing crop yields. In this study, 1472 soybean cultivars released in the last 60 years and 683 landrace cultivars from three regions of China (North spring soybean region, Yellow-Huai-Hai summer soybean region, and South soybean region) were collated to examine changes in agronomic characters and plant density that might be associated with yield improvement. The yield and 100-seed weight of the soybean cultivars increased significantly over time in all three regions. Planting density decreased significantly in the Yellow-Huai-Hai summer and South soybean regions but did not significantly change in the North spring soybean region. The increased soybean yields were mainly due to increased 100-seed weight and seed number per plant. Seed protein content has not significantly changed in 60 years, but oil content has increased in all three regions. The North spring soybean region had the highest oil content, whereas the South soybean region had the highest protein content. Future increases in soybean yield in China may occur by improving seed number per plant without reducing 100-seed weight. The North spring region should focus on breeding soybean with high oil content, and the Yellow-Huai-Hai summer and South regions should focus on high protein and low oil contents.
Physiological and molecular implications of multiple abiotic stresses on yield and quality of rice
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 11-01-2023
Abstract: Abiotic stresses adversely affect rice yield and productivity, especially under the changing climatic scenario. Exposure to multiple abiotic stresses acting together aggravates these effects. The projected increase in global temperatures, rainfall variability, and salinity will increase the frequency and intensity of multiple abiotic stresses. These abiotic stresses affect paddy physiology and deteriorate grain quality, especially milling quality and cooking characteristics. Understanding the molecular and physiological mechanisms behind grain quality reduction under multiple abiotic stresses is needed to breed cultivars that can tolerate multiple abiotic stresses. This review summarizes the combined effect of various stresses on rice physiology, focusing on grain quality parameters and yield traits, and discusses strategies for improving grain quality parameters using high-throughput phenotyping with omics approaches.
Potential of herbaceous vegetation as animal feed in semi-arid Mediterranean saline environments
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-04-2020
DOI: 10.1002/AGJ2.20196
Abstract: With the depletion in arable land due to climate change, the use of naturally salt‐tolerant species to provide forage resources in arid and saline environments has become an emerging strategy. This study surveyed and determined the nutritive value of selected Tunisian vegetative species for use in Mediterranean saline environments. Eighteen wild species were analyzed for their nutrient contents and antinutritional factors. Chenopodiaceae accumulated more NaCl than Poaceae. Arthrocnemum indicum had the highest crude protein (CP) content, and Stipa roterta had the lowest. Poaceae had the highest fiber constituents (neutral and acid) and the lowest oxalate contents. Daily net gas production (GP) in the Chenopodiaceae and Poaceae ranged from 9.5 to 14.5 and from 13.8 to 37.9 ml per 0.2 mg dry matter (DM), respectively. Total phenol content and organic matter digestibility were species dependent. The metabolizable energy (ME) in the tested species ranged from 4.6 to 9.4 MJ kg −1 DM, with Catapodium rigidum and Arthrocnemum indicum having the lowest and highest ME values, respectively. In crux, Chenopodiaceae had the highest NaCl, CP, ME, and oxalate contents but had the lowest fiber and net GP. Sodium chloride content was positively correlated with CP and oxalate and negatively correlated with net GP. In arid and saline environments, where high salinity prevails and fodder resources are scarce, salt‐tolerant plants such as Suaeda fruticosa , Arthrocnemum indicum , and Halocnemum strobilaceum could be included in ruminant feeding calendars.
Distribution, characteristics and management of calcareous soils
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2023
Grain legumes in integrated crop management systems
Publisher: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing
Date: 12-03-2018
Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nutrients, and yield under different straw returning methods
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Optimal Wheat Seeding Rate is Influenced by Cultivar-Specific Topsoil and Subsoil Root Traits
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.2134/AGRONJ2019.03.0146
Abstract: Competition among plants for limited soil resources is influenced, in part, by seeding rate. This study aimed to investigate how cultivars that differ in root traits affect water acquisition and the optimal seeding rate. Three cultivars of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) with contrasting root systems (CW134, more roots in topsoil and less roots in subsoil CH58, small root biomass CH1, less roots in topsoil and more roots in subsoil) were sown at 180, 225, and 280 seeds m −2 in 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 in a semiarid farmland on the Loess Plateau of China. As the seeding rate increased, grain yield declined in CW134, with topsoil roots increasing and subsoil roots decreasing in both seasons. In contrast, both grain yield and subsoil roots increased in CH1, and the highest grain yield was produced by CH1 at 280 seeds m −2 in both seasons. Subsoil root traits had a positive effect on soil water consumption after anthesis, which was strongly affected by yield components in the dryer season (2015–2016). However, the reverse was true for topsoil root traits. In 2014–2015, the topsoil roots had a positive effect on soil water consumption before anthesis, and aboveground traits at anthesis had a greater positive effect on yield components. To maintain higher yields in semiarid environments, genotypes with more topsoil roots should have lower seeding rates to alleviate the negative effect of excessive topsoil roots on postanthesis water absorption, while the reverse may be true for genotypes with more roots in subsoil layers. Core Ideas Excessive topsoil roots negatively affected postanthesis water absorption under drought stress. Increased root length in subsoil layers helped exploitation of deep soil water after anthesis. In semiarid areas, genotypes with large topsoil root traits should use lower seeding rates. Increased seeding rates may help yields of genotypes with more roots in subsoil layers.
The role of jasmonate signalling in quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis, wounding and aphid predation response in narrow-leafed lupin
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1071/FP18278
Abstract: Quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced in lupin species that protect the plant against insects. They form in vegetative tissues and accumulate to a different extent in the grains: high levels in ‘bitter’ narrow-leafed lupin (NLL) and low levels in ‘sweet’ NLL. Grain QA levels vary considerably, and sometimes exceed the industry limit for food and feed purposes. We hypothesised that jasmonates regulate QA biosynthesis in response to environmental stresses such as wounding and aphid predation, which may explain non-genetic variability in grain QA levels. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-inducible genes were identified and verified in NLL. Exogenous MeJA application-induced expression of QA biosynthetic genes and QA levels for bitter, but not sweet NLL. Although MeJA-inducible genes responded to wounding, the expression of QA biosynthetic genes was not induced for bitter and sweet NLL. We assessed the effect of aphid predation on QA production for two cultivars – one moderately resistant and one susceptible to aphid predation. Although MeJA-inducible genes responded to aphid predation, no change in QA levels was found for either cultivar. These findings offer insights into the regulation of QA biosynthesis in bitter and sweet NLL and concludes that aphids are not a concern for increasing grain QAs in NLL cultivars.
Comparative proteomic analysis of genotypic variation in germination and early seedling growth of chickpea under suboptimal soil-water conditions
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-07-2012
DOI: 10.1021/PR300415W
Abstract: Protein expression patterns in imbibed seeds of three cultivars of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) with different rates of germination under limiting water supply in soil (>10% water holding capacity) were compared. A large number of soluble proteins expressed earlier and at higher levels in cv Rupali seeds compared to two other genotypes that germinated less rapidly (KH850) or not at all (KJ850). Among the proteins identified were those with chaperone-like functions, including LEA and HSP proteins and proteins involved in metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Only NAD-malate dehydrogenase was identified as an early, differentially abundant enzyme of the TCA cycle, but in cv Rupali, expression of phospho-enol-pyruvate carboxykinase rose very rapidly to a high level, indicating that an anaplerotic C input to the TCA cycle may have been important. Proteinase inhibitors were more highly expressed in the genotype that did not germinate compared to cv Rupali. Clustering analysis of proteomic data indicated a link between groups of proteins, implying a common regulatory mechanism possibly at the transcriptional level. The chaperone-like proteins and enzymes of ROS homeostasis provide a useful starting point for molecular genetic analysis that may well identify other important genes for the early germination trait.
Effect of crop residues on interception and activity of prosulfocarb, pyroxasulfone, and trifluralin
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 06-12-2018
Impact of heat stress during seed filling on seed quality and seed yield in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) genotypes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-05-2018
DOI: 10.1002/JSFA.9054
Abstract: Lentil, a cool-season food legume, is highly sensitive to high temperatures, which drastically reduce biomass and seed yield. The effects of heat stress on qualitative and quantitative aspects of seeds are not yet known. In this study, we assessed the effects of high temperatures on quantitative and qualitative aspects of seeds in a heat-tolerant (HT FLIP2009) and heat-sensitive (HS IG4242) genotypes in a controlled environment. Initially, the plants were raised in a natural, outdoor environment (22/10 °C mean day/night temperature, 1350 µmol m High temperatures during seed filling are detrimental for seed yield and quality components in lentil genotypes, with severe impacts on heat-sensitive genotypes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Identification of new metribuzin-tolerant wheat (Triticum spp.) genotypes
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/CP17017
Abstract: Herbicide-tolerant wheats are preferred for effective weed management. Rapid phenotyping and effective differential dose are vital for the identification of tolerant genotypes among large quantities of genetic resources. A sand-tray system has been developed to enable rapid assessment of metribuzin damage in wheat seedlings. In total, 946 wheat genotypes were evaluated for metribuzin tolerance by using this system under control and metribuzin-treated conditions. SPAD chlorophyll content index (CCI) offered a non-destructive and rapid analysis of leaf chlorophyll content in wheat seedlings. The application rate for 50% reduction in SPAD CCI (I50) was 3.2-fold higher in the current tolerant genotype (Eagle Rock) than the susceptible genotype Spear. A confirmed dose of 800 g a.i. ha–1 could differentiate between metribuzin-tolerant and -susceptible lines. The experimental design with two-directional blocking followed by statistical analysis to model the spatial variation was instrumental in selecting potential tolerant or susceptible genotypes. Metribuzin reduced chlorophyll by 51.4% in treated seedlings. The overall adjusted mean SPAD CCI ranged from 13.5 to 42.7 for control (untreated) plants and from 0.1 to 29.9 for treated plants. Through repeated validation, nine genotypes had higher chlorophyll content after metribuzin treatment and significantly (P 0.05) outperformed the tolerant Eagle Rock, whereas 18 genotypes had significantly (P 0.05) higher chlorophyll reduction than the susceptible Spear. The top five tolerant and susceptible genotypes were selected for a genetic study of metribuzin tolerance. Domesticated forms of tetraploid and hexaploid wheats had higher tolerance to metribuzin, which suggests that the level of domestication and higher ploidy level contributes to metribuzin tolerance. The new sources of tolerance will accelerate breeding for metribuzin tolerance.
Cold Tolerance during the Reproductive Phase in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Is Associated with Superior Cold Acclimation Ability Involving Antioxidants and Cryoprotective Solutes in Anthers and Ovules
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-10-2021
Abstract: Chickpea is sensitive to cold stress, especially at reproductive stage, resulting in flower and pod abortion that significantly reduces seed yield. In the present study, we evaluated (a) whether cold acclimation imparts reproductive cold tolerance in chickpea (b) how genotypes with contrasting sensitivity respond to cold acclimation and (c) the involvement of cryoprotective solutes and antioxidants in anthers and ovules in cold acclimation. Four chickpea genotypes with contrasting cold sensitivity (cold-tolerant: ICC 17258, ICC 16349 cold-sensitive: ICC 15567, GPF 2) were grown in an outdoor environment for 40 days in November (average maximum/minimum temperature 24.9/15.9 °C) before being subjected to cold stress (13/7 °C), with or without cold acclimation in a controlled environment of walk-in-growth chambers. The 42-d cold acclimation involved 7 d exposure at each temperature beginning with 23/15 °C, 21/13 °C, 20/12 °C, 20/10 °C, 18/8 °C, 15/8 °C (12 h/12 h day/night), prior to exposing the plants to cold stress (13/7 °C, 12 h/12 h day/night 700 μmol m−2 s−1 light intensity 65–70% relative humidity). Cold acclimation remarkably reduced low temperature-induced leaf damage (as membrane integrity, leaf water status, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll fluorescence) under cold stress in all four genotypes. It only reduced anther and ovule damage in cold-tolerant genotypes due to improved antioxidative ability, measured as enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) and non-enzymatic (ascorbate and reduced glutathione), solutes (particularly sucrose and γ-aminobutyric acid) leading to improving reproductive function and yield traits, whereas cold-sensitive genotypes were not responsive. The study concluded that cold tolerance in chickpea appears to be related to the better ability of anthers and ovules to acclimate, involving various antioxidants and cryoprotective solutes. This information will be useful in directing efforts toward increasing cold tolerance in chickpea.
Reprint of Contrasting stomatal regulation and leaf ABA concentrations in wheat genotypes when split root systems were exposed to terminal drought
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
Reserving winter snow for the relief of spring drought by film mulching in northeast China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Sustainable Resource Use in Enhancing Agricultural Development in China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
A comparison of seed yields of winter grain legumes in Western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1993
DOI: 10.1071/EA9930915
Abstract: Field trials were conducted in 2 seasons at 13 sites on neutral to alkaline soils in Western Australia, to compare the growth and seed yield of 6 winter grain legume species: field pea (Pisum sativum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik), narrow leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), albus lupin (L. albus). In a dry year (1991), overall site mean seed yield was highest for field pea (1.35 t/ha), then faba bean (1.22 t/ha) and narrow leaf lupin (0.85 t/ha). Chickpea, lentil line ILL5728, and albus lupin produced an average seed yield of 0.64 t/ha. Rainfall in 1992 was above average and seed yields of all species except field pea were higher than in 1991. Heavy rainfall in winter and spring caused transient waterlogging at several sites, affecting growth and seed yield of most species. Faba bean responded positively to the increase in rainfall and produced exceptional seed yields of t/ha at 3 sites. Mean seed yield was highest for faba bean, at 2.87 t/ha, then narrow leaf lupin (1.19 t/ha), chickpea (1.1 t/ha), and field pea (1.0 t/ha). Field pea performed poorly at several sites due to its susceptibility to transient waterlogging and black spot disease (caused by Mycosphaerella pinoides). Albus lupin and lentil line ILL5728 produced similar seed yields (0.78 t/ha). Lentil cvv. Laird (1991) and Kye (1992) had low seed yields due to poor adaptation. Seed yield differences between species at various locations were not simply related to any soil chemical parameters or to depth to clay. On a calcareous soil of pH(CaC12) 8 at Dongara, the growth of narrow leaf lupin was severely affected and the crop failed. Days to flowering varied between species faba bean was earliest to flower (76 days), then field pea. Faba bean and field pea (particularly in 1991) generally produced the most dry matter, both early and at final harvest. The relationship between seed yield and rainfall was complicated by transient waterlogging and fungal disease (e.g. black spot in field pea) at many sites. Seed yield was significantly positively related to final dry matter production but not to harvest index.
Biochar for crop production
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-01-2017
Heat stress in grain legumes during reproductive and grain-filling phases
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/CP17012
Abstract: Thermal stress during reproductive development and grain-filling phases is a serious threat to the quality and productivity of grain legumes. The optimum temperature range for grain legume crops is 10−36°C, above which severe losses in grain yield can occur. Various climatic models have simulated that the temperature near the earth’s surface will increase (by up to 4°C) by the end of this century, which will intensify the chances of heat stress in crop plants. The magnitude of damage or injury posed by a high-temperature stress mainly depends on the defence response of the crop and the specific growth stage of the crop at the time of exposure to the high temperature. Heat stress affects grain development in grain legumes because it disintegrates the tapetum layer, which reduces nutrient supply to microspores leading to premature anther dehiscence h ers the synthesis and distribution of carbohydrates to grain, curtailing the grain-filling duration leading to low grain weight induces poor pod development and fractured embryos all of which ultimately reduce grain yield. The most prominent effects of heat stress include a substantial reduction in net photosynthetic rate, disintegration of photosynthetic apparatus and increased leaf senescence. To curb the catastrophic effect of heat stress, it is important to improve heat tolerance in grain legumes through improved breeding and genetic engineering tools and crop management strategies. In this review, we discuss the impact of heat stress on leaf senescence, photosynthetic machinery, assimilate translocation, water relations, grain quality and development processes. Furthermore, innovative breeding, genetic, molecular and management strategies are discussed to improve the tolerance against heat stress in grain legumes.
A water deficit during pod development in lentils reduces flower and pod numbers but not seed size
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/AR05225
Abstract: An experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in a glasshouse to determine the sensitivity of reproductive development of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) genotypes of different origins to water deficit. The 3 genotypes were Cassab (West Asia), Simal (South Asia), and ILL 7979 a crossbred between a West Asian genotype and a South Asian genotype. Two watering treatments, a well-watered control and a water-deficit treatment, were imposed from the beginning of podding. Leaf water relations, total dry matter production, leaf area, and number of flowers, pods, and seeds were measured from podding to maturity. In the well-watered plants the leaf water potential (ψleaf) before sunrise ranged from −0.6 to −0.8 MPa. When subjected to water deficit, ψleaf fell to about −3.0 MPa. Genotypes did not show variation in vegetative growth or seed yield under either well-watered or water-deficit conditions, but they differed significantly in the number of flowers, fruiting nodes, pods, and seeds, and harvest index (HI). Seed size in Cassab was 61% larger than ILL 7979 and 105% larger than Simal. The small-seeded genotypes produced the highest number of fruiting nodes and hence a greater number of flowers, pods, and seeds. Seed size was positively correlated with seed growth rate (r = 0.77**) and seed fill duration (r = 0.45*). The water deficit reduced plant height by about 20%, leaf area by 48–81%, and total dry matter by about 60% compared with well-watered plants. The water deficit reduced flower number by 35–46% and increased seed abortion (empty pods) by 17–46%. The water deficit had no effect on the maximum seed growth rate, seed fill duration, or final seed size in any of the 3 genotypes. Therefore, the 70% reduction in seed yield induced by the water deficit was primarily due to a reduction in pod and seed numbers (by 59–70%) rather than in idual seed growth rate and seed size.
Influence of zeolite and phosphorus applications on water use, P uptake and yield in rice under different irrigation managements
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-09-2019
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) deficiency often occurs in paddy fields due to its high fixation, and low solubility and mobility in soils, especially under water stress. Available soil P and plant P uptake could be improved through the application of zeolite. However, little is known about the impact of zeolite on P uptake in rice under water stress. A two-year lysimetric experiment using a split-split plot design investigated the effects of zeolite (0 or 15 t ha−1) and P (0 or 60 kg ha−1) applications on water use, P uptake, and grain yield in rice under two irrigation management systems (continuous flooding irrigation (CF) and improved alternate wetting and drying irrigation (IAWD)). Both irrigation systems produced equivalent effective panicles and grain yield. Compared with CF, IAWD reduced water use and aboveground P uptake and improved water-use efficiency (WUE) in rice. The applications of zeolite or P alone increased grain yield, WUE, soil available P, and stem, leaf, and panicle P concentration, and aboveground P uptake, but had no significant effect on water use. The enhanced grain yield induced by zeolite was related to the increase in aboveground P uptake. The zeolite application enhanced NH4+–N retention in the topsoil and prevented NO3−–N from leaching into deeper soil layers. Moreover, Zeolite made lower rates of P fertilizer possible in paddy fields, with benefits for remaining P supplies and mitigating pollution due to excessive P. These results suggest that the combined application of zeolite and P under improved AWD regime reduced water use, improved P uptake and grain yield in rice, and alleviated environment risk.
Maize yield improvements in China: Past trends and future directions
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-02-2016
DOI: 10.1111/PBR.12347
Characterisation of genetic diversity and DNA fingerprinting of Australian chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars using MFLP markers
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/AR07401
Abstract: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the major grain legume crops in the world. In this study, the genetic ersity of 24 Australian chickpea cultivars released between 1987 and 2005 was investigated with microsatellite-anchored fragment length polymorphism (MFLP) DNA markers. Among the cultivars examined, 30 cultivar-specific markers were identified and all were unequivocally identified using the DNA fingerprints developed in this study. Most of the cultivars were grouped into two major clusters cv. Flipper was separated from the rest based on total character differences of DNA polymorphism. The MFLP approach proved suitable in the analysis of genetic ersity among the chickpea cultivars studied and the genetic relationship identified will be useful for chickpea breeding programs in selecting parent materials.
Biomass Allocation and Nutrients Utilization in Wheat as Affected by Phosphorus Placement and Salt Stress
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-06-2023
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) management in wheat grown under saline soil conditions requires a better understanding of how P placement and salt stress affect spatial root distribution, plant agronomic performance, and nutrient utilization. A column culture experiment was conducted with two wheat genotypes, Alice and LX99, five P placements (‘Top Dressed High P’, TopHP ‘Top Dressed Reduced P’, TopRP ‘Deep Banded High P’, DeepHP ‘Deep Banded Reduced P’, DeepRP and ‘No P added’, −P), and two salt stress levels (‘salt stress’, +S ‘non-salt stress’, −S) to investigate differences in biomass accumulation, nutrient utilization, and root distribution (0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, and 40–100 cm) among treatments. Deep P placement under non-salt stress increased root distribution at 20–40 cm soil depth for both genotypes compared to top P placement. P application under salt stress increased root weight at all three soil depths in both genotypes and P accumulation in aboveground plant parts (except for LX99 under TopRP). The highest P utilization efficiency occurred in Alice with TopRP and in LX99 with DeepRP under non-salt and salt stresses. Overall, a coordinated adaptation in allocating biomass between belowground and aboveground plant parts, along with altered nutrient utilization, was necessary to reach a growth compromise in response to P supply changes and salinity. Therefore, genotype, P placement depth, and soil salinity should be considered to improve wheat P utilization efficiency under saline conditions.
Integrated farming with intercropping increases food production while reducing environmental footprint
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 13-09-2021
Abstract: The world has been struggling to find sustainable ways to increase crop production to satisfy the needs for food, feed, fiber, and industrial uses while reducing negative environmental impacts. This challenge is magnified in countries/regions where the availability of farmable land for agriculture is limited. We developed an integrated cropping system that incorporates key farming tactics. Tested in 16 field experiments over 12 consecutive years (2006 to 2017), the integrated system increased crop yields while decreasing the environmental footprint. The integration enables significant synergies in biophysical processes to occur under a wide range of crop inputs, suggesting that system integration can be adopted globally for a range of smallholder farming.
Ear:stem ratio in old and modern wheat varieties; Relationship with improvement in number of grain per ear and yield.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1989
Method of phosphorus fertiliser application and row spacing on grain yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/EA00057
Abstract: Yield responses of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cv. Fiord to applications of fertiliser phosphorus (P), as superphosphate, were measured in 2 field experiments. The P was either (i) placed with the seed while sowing at 6 cm depth and also cultivating at 3–4 cm below the seed (drilled P) or (ii) placed 3–4 cm below the seed while sowing at 6 cm depth (banded P). This was done when the seed and fertiliser were placed in rows at either the standard 19 cm apart (current recommendation) or 38 cm apart (makes it easier to sow into the stubble of the previous crop). Yield of dried shoots and seed (grain) increased with increasing amount of P applied (0–30 kg P/ha in experiment 1, 0–45 kg P/ha in experiment 2), but were unaffected by the method of P application or spacing between seed and fertiliser rows. Therefore, (i) up to 45 kg P/ha can be drilled with the seed while sowing faba bean crops (current farmer practice) and (ii) faba bean can be sown and fertilised at 38-cm spacings making it easier to sow into the stubble of the previous crop than the 19-cm spacing currently being practiced.
High intrinsic seed Zn concentration improves abiotic stress tolerance in wheat
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-02-2019
Transcriptomic and metabolomics-based analysis of key biological pathways reveals the role of lipid metabolism in response to salt stress in the root system of Brassica napus
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-03-2022
Diallel analyses reveal the genetic control of resistance to ascochyta blight in diverse chickpea and wild Cicer species
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-11-2007
Inheritance of pre-emergent metribuzin tolerance and putative gene discovery through high-throughput SNP array in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-10-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S12870-019-2070-X
Abstract: Herbicide tolerance is an important trait that allows effective weed management in wheat crops in dryland farming. Genetic knowledge of metribuzin tolerance in wheat is needed to develop new cultivars for the industry. Here, we investigated gene effects for metribuzin tolerance in nine crosses of wheat by partitioning the means and variances of six basic generations from each cross into their genetic components to assess the gene action governing the inheritance of this trait. Metribuzin tolerance was measured by a visual senescence score 21 days after treatment. The wheat 90 K iSelect SNP genotyping assay was used to identify the distribution of alleles at SNP sites in tolerant and susceptible groups. The scaling and joint-scaling tests indicated that the inheritance of metribuzin tolerance in wheat was adequately described by the additive-dominance model, with additive gene action the most significant factor for tolerance. The potence ratio for all the crosses ranged between − 1 and + 1 for senescence under metribuzin-treated conditions indicating a semi-dominant gene action in the inheritance of metribuzin tolerance in wheat. The number of segregating genes governing metribuzin tolerance was estimated between 3 and 15. The consistent high heritability range (0.82 to 0.92) in F 5–7 generations of Chuan Mai 25 (tolerant) × Ritchie (susceptible) cross indicated a significant contribution of additive genetic effects to metribuzin tolerance in wheat. Several genes related to photosynthesis (e.g. photosynthesis system II assembly factor YCF48), metabolic detoxification of xenobiotics and cell growth and development (cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, glycosyltransferase, ATP-binding cassette transporters and glutathione peroxidase) were identified on different chromosomes (2A, 2D, 3B, 4A, 4B, 7A, 7B, 7D) governing metribuzin tolerance. The simple additive–dominance gene effects for metribuzin tolerance will help breeders to select tolerant lines in early generations and the identified genes may guide the development of functional markers for metribuzin tolerance.
Ascochyta blight of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): a review of biology, pathogenicity, and disease management
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AR04143
Abstract: Ascochyta blight (AB), caused by Ascochyta rabiei is a major disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), especially in areas where cool, cloudy, and humid weather persists during the crop season. Several epidemics of AB causing complete yield loss have been reported. The fungus mainly survives between seasons through infected seed and in infected crop debris. Despite extensive pathological and molecular studies, the nature and extent of pathogenic variability in A. rabiei have not been clearly established. Accumulation of phenols, phytoalexins (medicarpin and maackiain), and hydrolytic enzymes has been associated with host-plant resistance (HPR). Seed treatment and foliar application of fungicides are commonly recommended for AB management, but further information on biology and survival of A. rabiei is needed to devise more effective management strategies. Recent studies on inheritance of AB resistance indicate that several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) control resistance. In this paper we review the biology of A. rabiei, HPR, and management options, with an emphasis on future research priorities.
Breeding and Genomics Interventions for Developing Ascochyta Blight Resistant Grain Legumes
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-02-2022
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS23042217
Abstract: Grain legumes are a key food source for ensuring global food security and sustaining agriculture. However, grain legume production is challenged by growing disease incidence due to global climate change. Ascochyta blight (AB) is a major disease, causing substantial yield losses in grain legumes worldwide. Harnessing the untapped reserve of global grain legume germplasm, landraces, and crop wild relatives (CWRs) could help minimize yield losses caused by AB infection in grain legumes. Several genetic determinants controlling AB resistance in various grain legumes have been identified following classical genetic and conventional breeding approaches. However, the advent of molecular markers, biparental quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, genome-wide association studies, genomic resources developed from various genome sequence assemblies, and whole-genome resequencing of global germplasm has revealed AB-resistant gene(s)/QTL/genomic regions/haplotypes on various linkage groups. These genomics resources allow plant breeders to embrace genomics-assisted selection for developing/transferring AB-resistant genomic regions to elite cultivars with great precision. Likewise, advances in functional genomics, especially transcriptomics and proteomics, have assisted in discovering possible candidate gene(s) and proteins and the underlying molecular mechanisms of AB resistance in various grain legumes. We discuss how emerging cutting-edge next-generation breeding tools, such as rapid generation advancement, field-based high-throughput phenotyping tools, genomic selection, and CRISPR/Cas9, could be used for fast-tracking AB-resistant grain legumes to meet the increasing demand for grain legume-based protein diets and thus ensuring global food security.
Abandoned terrace recognition based on deep learning and change detection on the Loess Plateau in China
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-03-2023
DOI: 10.1002/LDR.4612
Abstract: Terraces are an important cultivated land resource. Terrace abandonment affects the soil quality, soil and water conservation benefits, and bio ersity of terraces. Therefore, it is important to quantify the number and spatial distribution of abandoned terraces to protect cultivated land and food security. However, the traditional remote sensing method cannot identify small plots and make accurate assessment of abandoned farmland quickly in mountainous areas. To accurately identifying abandoned terraces, this study used semantic segmentation based on deep learning and change detection to identify abandoned terraces and their spatial distribution in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau in 2021. A comparative analysis of the accuracy of three deep learning models revealed that RefineNet is superior to DeepLabv3+ and DeepLabv3 for identifying abandoned terraces. The user's accuracy, producer's accuracy, overall accuracy, and appa values for RefineNet were 0.817, 0.894, 0.800, and 0.539, respectively. For change detection, the corresponding values were 0.821, 0.753, 0.731, and 0.426, respectively. In addition, semantic segmentation produced better recognition results than change detection in complex terrain and geomorphological areas. The abandoned terraces in the study area were mainly distributed in mountainous areas far from residential areas and more likely at high elevations with large slopes. This study provides a new method for recognizing abandoned terraces and spatial distribution information for managing and utilizing abandoned terraces.
Does plastic mulch improve crop yield in semiarid farmland at high altitude?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2015
Nitrogen Vertical Distribution Differed in Foliar and Nonfoliar Organs of Dryland Wheat during Grain Filling
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2019
Rediscovering Asia’s forgotten crops to fight chronic and hidden hunger
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-02-2021
The trade-off in the establishment of artificial plantations by evaluating soil properties at the margins of oases
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Developing drought‐smart, ready‐to‐grow future crops
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-11-2023
DOI: 10.1002/TPG2.20279
Abstract: Breeding crop plants with increased yield potential and improved tolerance to stressful environments is critical for global food security. Drought stress (DS) adversely affects agricultural productivity worldwide and is expected to rise in the coming years. Therefore, it is vital to understand the physiological, biochemical, molecular, and ecological mechanisms associated with DS. This review examines recent advances in plant responses to DS to expand our understanding of DS‐associated mechanisms. Suboptimal water sources adversely affect crop growth and yields through physical impairments, physiological disturbances, biochemical modifications, and molecular adjustments. To control the devastating effect of DS in crop plants, it is important to understand its consequences, mechanisms, and the agronomic and genetic basis of DS for sustainable production. In addition to plant responses, we highlight several mitigation options such as omics approaches, transgenics breeding, genome editing, and biochemical to mechanical methods (foliar treatments, seed priming, and conventional agronomic practices). Further, we have also presented the scope of conventional and speed breeding platforms in helping to develop the drought‐smart future crops. In short, we recommend incorporating several approaches, such as multi‐omics, genome editing, speed breeding, and traditional mechanical strategies, to develop drought‐smart cultivars to achieve the ‘zero hunger’ goal.
Physiological and seed yield responses to water deficits among lentil genotypes from diverse origins
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/AR05204
Abstract: The effect of water deficits at 2 growth stages on the physiology and growth of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris) genotypes bred/selected for 3 regions was examined in a glasshouse experiment. The water regimes imposed were: (i) a well-watered control, (ii) water withheld at flowering, from 72 to 93 days after sowing (DAS), and (iii) water withheld from podding (93 DAS) to maturity. The genotypes were a West Asian genotype released in Australia (Cassab), 2 South Asian Nepali cultivars (Khajura 2 and Simal), and 3 crossbreds between West Asian and South Asian parents (ILL 6829, ILL 7979, and ILL 7982). ILL 7979 and Simal had significantly greater total dry matter, water use, seed yield, number of pods and seeds per plant, and harvest index (HI) than the other genotypes under well-watered conditions. Water deficits reduced seed yield by up to 60% in the crossbreds and the South Asian cultivar, Simal. However, seed yield was increased by the water deficit at flowering and the water deficit at podding in the West Asian genotype, Cassab, and the South Asian genotype, Khajura 2, respectively. In the other genotypes, withholding water at flowering or podding reduced leaf area (48–55%), total dry matter (32–50%), flower production (22–55%), and number of pods and seeds (27–66%), with significantly higher flower drop and empty pods when water was withheld. The higher seed yield in Cassab and Khajura 2 when water was withheld was related to the production of more flowers and the maintenance of pod and seed set when they were re-watered after the period of water deficit. When water was withheld during flowering, the West Asian genotype Cassab and the crossbred ILL 6829 used less water and hence maintained a high leaf water potential (ψleaf), whereas ψleaf decreased earlier to lower values in the crossbred ILL 7979 and the South Asian genotypes Khajura 2 and Simal. There were no significant differences in leaf net photosynthesis (PN), or stomatal conductance (gS), among genotypes during flowering and early podding, but PN and gS were reduced by 22–38 and 19–67%, respectively, when water was withheld. The lower ψleaf in ILL 7979, Simal, and Khajura 2 induced greater osmotic adjustment (OA) during the drying cycle at flowering, whereas there was no or little OA when water was withheld at podding. Variation in physiological traits (PN, gS, OA) under both watering regimes was not directly related to seed yield, but seed number was related to seed yield under both well-watered and water-deficit conditions.
Conservation agriculture: Concept, brief history and impacts on agricultural systems
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 04-12-2014
Local Knowledge, Intellectual Property and Agricultural Innovation
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2020
Redesigning Plant Photosynthesis Using High-Throughput Techniques for Enhanced and Sustainable Food Production under Environmental Stresses
Publisher: Apple Academic Press
Date: 12-2022
Retrieving back plastic wastes for conversion to value added petrochemicals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Variation in seedling growth of 11 perennial legumes in response to phosphorus supply
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-07-2010
Exogenous calcium alleviates nocturnal chilling-induced feedback inhibition of photosynthesis by improving sink demand in peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 21-12-2020
Abstract: Arachis hypogaea (peanut) is a globally important oilseed crop with high nutritional value. However, upon exposure to overnight chilling stress, it shows poor growth and seedling necrosis in many cultivation areas worldwide. Calcium (Ca 2+ ) enhances chilling resistance in various plant species. We undertook a pot experiment to investigate the effects of exogenous Ca 2+ and a calmodulin (CaM) inhibitor on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of peanut exposed to low night temperature (LNT) stress following warm sunny days. The LNT stress reduced growth, leaf extension, biomass accumulation, gas exchange rates, and photosynthetic electron transport rates. Following LNT stress, we observed larger starch grains and a concomitant increase in nonstructural carbohydrates and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) concentrations. The LNT stress further induced photoinhibition and caused structural damage to the chloroplast grana. Exogenous Ca 2+ enhanced plant growth following LNT stress, possibly by allowing continued export of carbohydrates from leaves. Foliar Ca 2+ likely alleviated the nocturnal chilling-dependent feedback limitation on photosynthesis in the daytime by increasing sink demand. The foliar Ca 2+ pretreatment protected the photosystems from photoinhibition by facilitating cyclic electron flow (CEF) and decreasing the proton gradient ( Δ pH) across thylakoid membranes during LNT stress. Foliar application of a CaM inhibitor increased the negative impact of LNT stress on photosynthetic processes, confirming that Ca 2+ –CaM played an important role in alleviating photosynthetic inhibition due to the overnight chilling-dependent feedback.
Uptake and Distribution of Stable Strontium in 26 Cultivars of Three Crop Species: Oats, Wheat, and Barley for Their Potential Use in Phytoremediation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-11-2015
DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2014.898016
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to investigate the accumulation and distribution of strontium (Sr) in 26 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), husk oat (Avena sativa L) and naked oat (Avena nuda), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for their potential use in phytoremediation.Sr levels had no effect on the accumulation of shoot biomass at tillering or at maturity. Mean shoot Sr concentration of naked oat and barley at tillering was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of wheat Neimengkeyimai-1, a naked oat cultivar, had the highest Sr concentrations. At maturity, of four naked oat cultivars, Neimengkeyimai-1 had the highest Sr content at all measured Sr levels. Leaves had the highest Sr concentrations, followed by roots and straw, and then grain with the lowest. Mean enrichment coefficients from soil to shoots ranged from 0.521 to 1.343 the percentage of stable Sr removed from the soil to the shoots at harvest time was more than 1.4% after 120 days. Neimengkeyimai-1 could be used as a model for further research to find more effective cultivars and naked oat plants could be selected for phytoremediation to clean up contaminated soil.
Bio-Stimulating Effect of Natural Polysaccharides from Lobularia maritima on Durum Wheat Seedlings: Improved Plant Growth, Salt Stress Tolerance by Modulating Biochemical Responses and Ion Homeostasis
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-07-2022
Abstract: Bioactivities of polysaccharides derived from halophyte plants have gained attention in recent years. The use of biostimulants in agriculture is an innovative method of dealing with environmental stressors affecting plant growth and development. Here, we investigated the use of natural polysaccharides derived from the halophyte plant Lobularia maritima (PSLm) as a biostimulant in durum wheat seedlings under salt stress. Treatment with polysaccharide extract (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL PSLm) stimulated in vitro wheat growth, including germination, shoot length, root length, and fresh weight. PSLm at 2 mg/mL provided tolerance to plants against NaCl stress with improved membrane stability and low electrolyte leakage, increased antioxidant activities (catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), enhanced leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, proline, and total sugar contents, decreased lipid peroxidation (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (H2O2) levels, and coordinated the efflux and compartmentation of intracellular ions. The expression profile analyses of ten stress-related genes (NHX1, HKT1.4, SOS1, SOD, CAT, GA20-ox1, GA3-ox1, NRT1.1, NRT2.1, and GS) using RT-qPCR revealed the induction of several key genes in durum wheat growing in media supplemented with PSLm extract, even in unstressed conditions that could be related to the observed tolerance. This study revealed that PSLm extract contributes to salt tolerance in durum wheat seedlings, thereby enhancing their reactive oxygen species scavenging ability, and provided evidence for exploring PSLm as a plant biostimulant for sustainable and organic agriculture.
Evaluating potential groundwater recharge in the unsteady state for deep-rooted afforestation in deep loess deposits
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.159837
Abstract: Groundwater recharge reduces due to high transpiration from shallow-rooted to deep-rooted afforestation. However, reaching a steady state in recharge process is challenging and no methods are available for assessing potential groundwater recharge under unsteady state. Hence, this study developed a new method to quantify groundwater recharge in the unsteady state by (1) calculating the water age (A
Sustaining Smallholder Farming through Collective Action and Entrepreneurship
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 26-03-2022
Micronutrient application through seed treatments - a review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2012
Identification and Analysis of Small Interfering RNAs Associated With Heat Stress in Flowering Chinese Cabbage Using High-Throughput Sequencing
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 11-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FGENE.2021.746816
Abstract: Endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are substantial gene regulators in eukaryotes and play key functions in plant development and stress tolerance. Among environmental factors, heat is serious abiotic stress that severely influences the productivity and quality of flowering Chinese cabbage ( Brassica c estris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee). However, how siRNAs are involved in regulating gene expression during heat stress is not fully understood in flowering Chinese cabbage. Combining bioinformatical and next-generation sequencing approaches, we identified heat-responsive siRNAs in four small RNA libraries of flowering Chinese cabbage using leaves collected at 0, 1, 6, and 12 h after a 38°C heat-stress treatment 536, 816, and 829 siRNAs exhibited substantial differential expression at 1, 6, and 12 h, respectively. Seventy-five upregulated and 69 downregulated differentially expressed siRNAs (DE-siRNAs) were common for the three time points of heat stress. We identified 795 target genes of DE-siRNAs, including serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2I , CTR1-like , disease resistance protein RML1A-like , and RPP 1, which may play a role in regulating heat tolerance. Gene ontology showed that predictive targets of DE-siRNAs may have key roles in the positive regulation of biological processes, organismal processes, responses to temperature stimulus, signaling, and growth and development. These novel results contribute to further understanding how siRNAs modulate the expression of their target genes to control heat tolerance in flowering Chinese cabbage.
Strategies for improving water use efficiency in dryland agroecosystems
Publisher: Engineering Sciences Press
Date: 2021
Biochar incorporation increases winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production with significantly improving soil enzyme activities at jointing stage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Plant hormones and neurotransmitter interactions mediate antioxidant defenses under induced oxidative stress in plants
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 09-09-2022
Abstract: Due to global climate change, abiotic stresses are affecting plant growth, productivity, and the quality of cultivated crops. Stressful conditions disrupt physiological activities and suppress defensive mechanisms, resulting in stress-sensitive plants. Consequently, plants implement various endogenous strategies, including plant hormone biosynthesis (e.g., abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellic acid, and strigolactones) to withstand stress conditions. Combined or single abiotic stress disrupts the normal transportation of solutes, causes electron leakage, and triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, creating oxidative stress in plants. Several enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense systems marshal a plant’s antioxidant defenses. While stress responses and the protective role of the antioxidant defense system have been well-documented in recent investigations, the interrelationships among plant hormones, plant neurotransmitters (NTs, such as serotonin, melatonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, and γ-aminobutyric acid), and antioxidant defenses are not well explained. Thus, this review discusses recent advances in plant hormones, transgenic and metabolic developments, and the potential interaction of plant hormones with NTs in plant stress response and tolerance mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss current challenges and future directions (transgenic breeding and genome editing) for metabolic improvement in plants using modern molecular tools. The interaction of plant hormones and NTs involved in regulating antioxidant defense systems, molecular hormone networks, and abiotic-induced oxidative stress tolerance in plants are also discussed.
Na+ and/or Cl− Toxicities Determine Salt Sensitivity in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), and Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-02-2021
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS22041909
Abstract: Grain legumes are important crops, but they are salt sensitive. This research dissected the responses of four (sub)tropical grain legumes to ionic components (Na+ and/or Cl−) of salt stress. Soybean, mungbean, cowpea, and common bean were subjected to NaCl, Na+ salts (without Cl−), Cl− salts (without Na+), and a “high cation” negative control for 57 days. Growth, leaf gas exchange, and tissue ion concentrations were assessed at different growing stages. For soybean, NaCl and Na+ salts impaired seed dry mass (30% of control), more so than Cl− salts (60% of control). All treatments impaired mungbean growth, with NaCl and Cl− salt treatments affecting seed dry mass the most (2% of control). For cowpea, NaCl had the greatest adverse impact on seed dry mass (20% of control), while Na+ salts and Cl− salts had similar intermediate effects (~45% of control). For common bean, NaCl had the greatest adverse effect on seed dry mass (4% of control), while Na+ salts and Cl− salts impaired seed dry mass to a lesser extent (~45% of control). NaCl and Na+ salts (without Cl−) affected the photosynthesis (Pn) of soybean more than Cl− salts (without Na+) (50% of control), while the reverse was true for mungbean. Na+ salts (without Cl−), Cl− salts (without Na+), and NaCl had similar adverse effects on Pn of cowpea and common bean (~70% of control). In conclusion, salt sensitivity is predominantly determined by Na+ toxicity in soybean, Cl− toxicity in mungbean, and both Na+ and Cl− toxicity in cowpea and common bean.
The potential of biochar as a microbial carrier for agricultural and environmental applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Salt tolerance of Beta macrocarpa is associated with efficient osmotic adjustment and increased apoplastic water content
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-12-2016
DOI: 10.1111/PLB.12419
Abstract: The chenopod Beta macrocarpa Guss (wild Swiss chard) is known for its salt tolerance, but the mechanisms involved are still debated. In order to elucidate the processes involved, we grew wild Swiss chard exposed to three salinity levels (0, 100 and 200 mm NaCl) for 45 days, and determined several physiological parameters at the end of this time. All plants survived despite reductions in growth, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in plants exposed to salinity (100 and 200 mm NaCl). As expected, the negative effects of salinity were more pronounced at 200 mm than at 100 mm NaCl: (i) leaf apoplastic water content was maintained or increased despite a significant reduction in leaf water potential, revealing the halophytic character of B. macrocarpa (ii) osmotic adjustment occurred, which presumably enhanced the driving force for water extraction from soil, and avoided toxic build up of Na(+) and Cl(-) in the mesophyll apoplast of leaves. Osmotic adjustment mainly occurred through accumulation of inorganic ions and to a lesser extent soluble sugars proline was not implicated in osmotic adjustment. Overall, two important mechanisms of salt tolerance in B. macrocarpa were identified: osmotic and apoplastic water adjustment.
Application of zinc improves the productivity and biofortification of fine grain aromatic rice grown in dry seeded and puddled transplanted production systems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Beijerinckia fluminensis BFC-33, a novel multi-stress-tolerant soil bacterium
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2022.133843
Abstract: Environmental challenges like drought, salinity, heavy metals and pesticides directly/indirectly influence the environment and decreased the agricultural output. During its long developmental stages, cereal crops including wheat is exposed to a variety of abiotic/biotic stressors. Certain beneficial soil bacteria that can ameliorate environmental stresses can be exploited as crop growth promoters/enhancers under adverse situations. In this study, Beijerinckia fluminensis BFC-33 (accession no. MT672580) isolated from potato rhizosphere tolerated variousabiotic (drought, salinity, temperature, heavy metals, and fungicides) stresses. Strain BFC-33 demonstrated multifarious plant-growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics, such as the production of indole-3-acetic acid, P-solubilization, ACC deaminase, ammonia, siderophore, HCN, EPS, and extracellular enzymes. The antagonistic potential of BFC-33 against major fungal pathogens was ranked: Alternaria alternata (79.2%)>Rhizoctonia solani (69%)>Fusarium oxysporum (23.5%)>Ustilaginoidea virens (17%). Furthermore, bacterization of wheat seeds witha multi-stress-tolerant strain revealed B. fluminensis as a plant growth enhancer and biocontrol agent. For instance, increase in root length (cm) in BFC-33 inoculated wheat exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses at the seedling stage was ranked: B. fluminensis (24.2)>B. fluminensis + 100μgTBZLmL
Thermal stress impacts reproductive development and grain yield in rice
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.PLAPHY.2017.03.011
Abstract: Rice is highly sensitive to temperature stress (cold and heat), particularly during the reproductive and grain-filling stages. In this review, we discuss the effects of low- and high-temperature sensitivity in rice at various reproductive stages (from meiosis to grain development) and propose strategies for improving the tolerance of rice to terminal thermal stress. Cold stress impacts reproductive development through (i) delayed heading, due to its effect on anther respiration, which increases sucrose accumulation, protein denaturation and asparagine levels, and decreases proline accumulation, (ii) pollen sterility owing to tapetal hypertrophy and related nutrient imbalances, (iii) reduced activity of cell wall bound invertase in the tapetum of rice anthers, (iv) impaired fertilization due to inhibited anther dehiscence, stigma receptivity and ability of the pollen tube to germinate through the style towards the ovary, and (v) floret sterility, which increases grain abortion, restricts grain size, and thus reduces grain yield. Heat stress affects grain formation and development through (i) poor anther dehiscence due to restricted closure of the locules, leading to reduced pollen dispersal and fewer pollen on the stigma, (ii) changes in pollen proteins resulting in significant reductions in pollen viability and pollen tube growth, leading to spikelet sterility, (iii) delay in heading, (iv) reduced starch biosynthesis in developing grain, which reduces starch accumulation, (v) increased chalkiness of grain with irregular and round-shaped starch granules, and (vi) a shortened grain-filling period resulting in low grain weight. However, physiological and biotechnological tools, along with integrated management and adaptation options, as well as conventional breeding, can help to develop new rice genotypes possessing better grain yield under thermal stress during reproductive and grain-filling phases.
Differential Physio-Biochemical and Metabolic Responses of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Multiple Abiotic Stress Conditions
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-01-2022
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS23020660
Abstract: The frequency and severity of extreme climatic conditions such as drought, salinity, cold, and heat are increasing due to climate change. Moreover, in the field, plants are affected by multiple abiotic stresses simultaneously or sequentially. Thus, it is imperative to compare the effects of stress combinations on crop plants relative to in idual stresses. This study investigated the differential regulation of physio-biochemical and metabolomics parameters in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under in idual (salt, drought, cold, and heat) and combined stress treatments using multivariate correlation analysis. The results showed that combined heat, salt, and drought stress compounds the stress effect of in idual stresses. Combined stresses that included heat had the highest electrolyte leakage and lowest relative water content. Lipid peroxidation and chlorophyll contents did not significantly change under combined stresses. Biochemical parameters, such as free amino acids, polyphenol, starch, and sugars, significantly changed under combined stresses compared to in idual stresses. Free amino acids increased under combined stresses that included heat starch, sugars, and polyphenols increased under combined stresses that included drought proline concentration increased under combined stresses that included salt. Metabolomics data that were obtained under different in idual and combined stresses can be used to identify molecular phenotypes that are involved in the acclimation response of plants under changing abiotic stress conditions. Peanut metabolomics identified 160 metabolites, including amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids, fatty acids, sugar acids, and other organic compounds. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that abiotic stresses significantly affected amino acid, amino sugar, and sugar metabolism. The stress treatments affected the metabolites that were associated with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and urea cycles and associated amino acid biosynthesis pathway intermediates. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and heatmap analysis identified potential marker metabolites (pinitol, malic acid, and xylopyranose) that were associated with abiotic stress combinations, which could be used in breeding efforts to develop peanut cultivars that are resilient to climate change. The study will also facilitate researchers to explore different stress indicators to identify resistant cultivars for future crop improvement programs.
Forage yield, soil water depletion, shoot nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and concentration, of young and old stands of alfalfa in response to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisation in a semiarid environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Advances in understanding grain legume physiology
Publisher: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing
Date: 13-03-2021
Characterization of Root System Architecture Traits in Diverse Soybean Genotypes Using a Semi-Hydroponic System
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-12-2021
Abstract: Phenotypic variation and correlations among root traits form the basis for selecting and breeding soybean varieties with efficient access to water and nutrients and better adaptation to abiotic stresses. Therefore, it is important to develop a simple and consistent system to study root traits in soybean. In this study, we adopted the semi-hydroponic system to investigate the variability in root morphological traits of 171 soybean genotypes popularized in the Yangtze and Huaihe River regions, eastern China. Highly erse phenotypes were observed: shoot height (18.7–86.7 cm per plant with a median of 52.3 cm) total root length (208–1663 cm per plant with a median of 885 cm) and root mass (dry weight) (19.4–251 mg per plant with a median of 124 mg). Both total root length and root mass exhibited significant positive correlation with shoot mass (p ≤ 0.05), indicating their relationship with plant growth and adaptation strategies. The nine selected traits contributed to one of the two principal components (eigenvalues 1), accounting for 78.9% of the total genotypic variation. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis separated the 171 genotypes into five major groups based on these root traits. Three selected genotypes with contrasting root systems were validated in soil-filled rhizoboxes (1.5 m deep) until maturity. Consistent ranking of the genotypes in some important root traits at various growth stages between the two experiments indicates the reliability of the semi-hydroponic system in phenotyping root trait variability at the early growth stage in soybean germplasms.
Efficient Breeding of Pulse Crops
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Cooking quality of faba bean after storage at high temperature and the role of lignins and other phenolics in bean hardening
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
Two key genomic regions harbour QTLs for salinity tolerance in ICCV 2 × JG 11 derived chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) recombinant inbred lines
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-05-2015
Genetic Dissection and Identification of Candidate Genes for Salinity Tolerance Using Axiom®CicerSNP Array in Chickpea
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-07-2020
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS21145058
Abstract: Globally, chickpea production is severely affected by salinity stress. Understanding the genetic basis for salinity tolerance is important to develop salinity tolerant chickpeas. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed using parental lines ICCV 10 (salt-tolerant) and DCP 92-3 (salt-sensitive) was screened under field conditions to collect information on agronomy, yield components, and stress tolerance indices. Genotyping data generated using Axiom®CicerSNP array was used to construct a linkage map comprising 1856 SNP markers spanning a distance of 1106.3 cM across eight chickpea chromosomes. Extensive analysis of the phenotyping and genotyping data identified 28 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) explaining up to 28.40% of the phenotypic variance in the population. We identified QTL clusters on CaLG03 and CaLG06, each harboring major QTLs for yield and yield component traits under salinity stress. The main-effect QTLs identified in these two clusters were associated with key genes such as calcium-dependent protein kinases, histidine kinases, cation proton antiporter, and WRKY and MYB transcription factors, which are known to impart salinity stress tolerance in crop plants. Molecular markers/genes associated with these major QTLs, after validation, will be useful to undertake marker-assisted breeding for developing better varieties with salinity tolerance.
Water use and water use efficiency of old and modern wheat cultivars in a Mediterranean-type environment.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1990
DOI: 10.1071/AR9900431
Abstract: Water use and water use efficiency of old and modern wheat cultivars and one barley cultivar were measured in a Mediterranean environment at Merredin, W.A. Water use efficiency for grain increased substantially from old to modern cultivars, with little difference among modern cultivars. Water use efficiency for dry matter was similar between cultivars. Barley had the highest water use efficiency of both grain and dry matter. Improved water use efficiency for grain in modern cultivars was associated with faster development, earlier flowering, improved canopy structure and higher harvest index. Modern cultivars used slightly less water than old cultivars. The pattern of water use was also different, with late-maturing old cultivars using more water in the pre- than the post-anthesis period. The ratio of pre- to post-anthesis water use was highest with the late-maturing, old cultivar Purple Straw (5.2:1) and lowest with early-maturing, modern cultivar Gutha (3.0:1). Soil evaporation estimates showed that modern cultivars had lower rates of soil evaporation in the early part of the growing season. This was associated with their faster leaf area development and improved light interception. About 40% of the total water use was lost by soil evaporation with very little difference between wheat cultivars. Barley had 15% less soil evaporation than wheat. Water use efficiency for grain based on transpiration (transpiration efficiency) for the four modern cultivars was 15.8 kg ha-1 mm-1, similar to other studies in comparable environments. Some further improvement in water use efficiency appears possible through improvement in crop biomass and harvest index. However, given the frequent and severe limitations of total water supply at low rainfall sites such as Merredin, there appears to be more scope for improvement in yield and water use efficiency in the medium and high rainfall areas of the wheatbelt.
Diversifying agrifood systems to ensure global food security following the Russia–Ukraine crisis
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 15-03-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FSUFS.2023.1124640
Abstract: The recent Russia–Ukraine conflict has raised significant concerns about global food security, leaving many countries with restricted access to imported staple food crops, particularly wheat and sunflower oil, sending food prices soaring with other adverse consequences in the food supply chain. This detrimental effect is particularly prominent for low-income countries relying on grain imports, with record-high food prices and inflation affecting their livelihoods. This review discusses the role of Russia and Ukraine in the global food system and the impact of the Russia–Ukraine conflict on food security. It also highlights how ersifying four areas of agrifood systems—markets, production, crops, and technology can contribute to achieving food supply chain resilience for future food security and sustainability.
Salinity tolerance and ion accumulation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) subjected to salt stress
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-08-2013
Alien chromosome segment from Aegilops speltoides and Dasypyrum villosum increases drought tolerance in wheat via profuse and deep root system
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-06-2019
Effects, tolerance mechanisms and management of salt stress in lucerne (Medicago sativa)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1071/CP20033
Abstract: Lucerne (alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.) is a forage legume that is widely cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The main aim of this review was to highlight the effects of salt stress on the performance of lucerne and to suggest different tolerance mechanisms and management strategies for improving its yield under salt stress. Salt stress significantly affects seed germination, carbon fixation, light harvesting, biological N2 fixation, mineral uptake and assimilation and dry-matter accumulation in lucerne. Accumulation of osmolytes or compatible solutes such as proline, polyamines, trehalose and soluble sugars confers salt tolerance in lucerne. Maintenance of low Na+:K+ ratios, antioxidant enzyme activation, and hormonal regulation also help lucerne to withstand salt stress. The screening of erse genotypes on the basis of germination indices, gas exchange, biomass production, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes might be useful for breeding salt-tolerant lucerne genotypes. Novel biotechnological tools and functional genomics used to identify salt-conferring genes and quantitative trait loci will help to improve salt tolerance. Use of rhizobial and non-rhizobial plant growth-promoting bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, exogenous application of osmoprotectants, and seed priming with brassinolide, gibberellic acid and salicylic acid may help to improve lucerne performance in saline environments.
Sustainability of Traditional Rice Cultivation in Kerala, India—A Socio-Economic Analysis
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-01-2021
DOI: 10.3390/SU13020980
Abstract: Traditional rice cultivars and cultivation are on the decline in most rice-growing areas, mainly as a result of their low productivity. Packed with nutritionally, environmentally and locally superior qualities, traditional cultivars hold the key for sustainability in rice cultivation. This study explored the dynamics of traditional rice cultivation in Kerala, India. It examined the economic, institutional and socio demographic factors involved in the production and marketing of traditional rice. We employed a multinomial logit model and discriminant function analysis to extract the key factors governing farmers’ marketing behaviour, and various cost measures to study the economics of rice enterprises. The socio-demographic factors were analysed using descriptive statistical tools. Holding size and institutional support were the main factors governing the marketing behaviour of farmers. Even though traditional rice farming was not found to be cost-effective in implicit terms, it was remunerative when imputed personal labour and owned land costs were not considered. The study found that traditional farmers are ageing, have a lower education and use limited marketing channels. However, the majority of them were satisfied with their farm enterprise. By streamlining the market support mechanism and processing facilities, traditional rice would most likely gain momentum in key areas.
‘Decoupling’ land productivity and greenhouse gas footprints
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-10-2018
DOI: 10.1002/LDR.3172
Five decades of selection for yield reduced root length density and increased nitrogen uptake per unit root length in Australian wheat varieties
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-10-2017
Comprehensive transcriptome analysis reveals heat-responsive genes in flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis) using RNA sequencing
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 02-12-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FPLS.2022.1077920
Abstract: Flowering Chinese cabbage ( Brassica c estris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee, 2n=20, AA) is a vegetable species in southern parts of China that faces high temperatures in the summer and winter seasons. While heat stress adversely impacts plant productivity and survival, the underlying molecular and biochemical causes are poorly understood. This study investigated the gene expression profiles of heat-sensitive (HS) ‘3T-6’ and heat-tolerant (HT) ‘Youlu-501’ varieties of flowering Chinese cabbage in response to heat stress using RNA sequencing. Among the 37,958 genes expressed in leaves, 20,680 were differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 1, 6, and 12 h, with 1,078 simultaneously expressed at all time points in both varieties. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified three clusters comprising 1,958, 556, and 591 down-regulated, up-regulated, and up- and/or down-regulated DEGs (3205 DEGs 8.44%), which were significantly enriched in MAPK signaling, plant–pathogen interactions, plant hormone signal transduction, and brassinosteroid biosynthesis pathways and involved in stimulus, stress, growth, reproductive, and defense responses. Transcription factors, including MYB (12), NAC (13), WRKY (11), ERF (31), HSF (17), bHLH (16), and regulatory proteins such as PAL, CYP450, and photosystem II, played an essential role as effectors of homeostasis, kinases hosphatases, and photosynthesis. Among 3205 DEGs, many previously reported genes underlying heat stress were also identified, e.g., BraWRKY25, BraHSP70, BraHSPB27, BraCYP71A23, BraPYL9 , and BraA05g032350.3C . The genome-wide comparison of HS and HT provides a solid foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of heat tolerance in flowering Chinese cabbage.
28-homobrassinolide regulates antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression in response to salt- and temperature-induced oxidative stress in Brassica juncea
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-06-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-27032-W
Abstract: Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of naturally occurring plant steroid hormones that can induce plant tolerance to various plant stresses by regulating ROS production in cells, but the underlying mechanisms of this scavenging activity by BRs are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of 28-homobrassinolide (28-HBL) seed priming on Brassica juncea seedlings subjected to the combined stress of extreme temperatures (low, 4 °C or high, 44 °C) and salinity (180 mM), either alone or supplemented with 28-HBL treatments (0, 10 −6 , 10 −9 , 10 −12 M). The combined temperature and salt stress treatments significantly reduced shoot and root lengths, but these improved when supplemented with 28-HBL although the response was dose-dependent. The combined stress alone significantly increased H 2 O 2 content, but was inhibited when supplemented with 28-HBL. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) increased in response to 28-HBL. Overall, the 28-HBL seed priming treatment improved the plant’s potential to combat the toxic effects imposed by the combined temperature and salt stress by tightly regulating the accumulation of ROS, which was reflected in the improved redox state of antioxidants.
Responses of soil microorganisms, carbon and nitrogen to freeze–thaw cycles in diverse land-use types
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Enhancing selenium concentration in lentil (Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris) through foliar application
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 27-06-2015
DOI: 10.1017/S0021859614000495
Abstract: Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human and animal health. Globally, more than one billion people are Se deficient due to low dietary Se. Low dietary intake of Se can be improved by Se supplementation, food fortification and biofortification of crops. Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris ) is a popular cool-season food legume in many parts of the world it is naturally rich in Se and therefore has potential for Se biofortification. An Se foliar application experiment at two locations and a multi-location trial of 12 genotypes at seven locations were conducted from April to December 2011 in South Australia and Victoria, Australia. Foliar application of a total of 40 g/ha of Se as potassium selenate (K 2 SeO 4 ) – 10 g/ha during full bloom and 30 g/ha during the flat pod stage – increased seed Se concentration from 201 to 2772 μ g/kg, but had no effect on seed size or seed yield. Consumption of 20 g of biofortified lentil can supply all of the recommended daily allowance of Se. After Se foliar application, cultivars PBA Herald XT (3327 μ g/kg), PBA bolt (3212) and PBA Ace (2957 μ g/kg) had high seed Se concentrations. These cultivars may be used in lentil biofortification. In the genotypic evaluation trial, significant genotype and location variation was observed for seed Se concentration, but the interaction was not significant. In conclusion, foliar application of Se as K 2 SeO 4 is an efficient agronomic approach to improve seed Se concentration for lentil consumers and there is also scope for genetic biofortification in lentil.
Alfalfa forage yield, soil water and P availability in response to plastic film mulch and P fertilization in a semiarid environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilisation Influences Growth, Rhizosphere Carboxylate Exudation and Mycorrhizal Colonisation in Temperate Perennial Pasture Grasses
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-11-2020
Abstract: Optimisation of potassium (K) use efficiency in pastures on sandy soil is challenging. We characterised growth response, root carboxylate exudation and mycorrhizal colonisation in three perennial pasture grasses: tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.), veldt grass (Ehrharta calycina Sm.) and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum L.) in two glasshouse experiments with: (1) four K rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 mg K kg-1 soil), and (2) four N and K treatments (no N and K (–N–K), 81 mg N kg-1 soil but no K, 80 mg K kg-1 soil but no N, and N at 81 and K at 80 mg kg-1 soil (+N+K)) in low-K sandy soil. Veldt grass had the highest shoot dry weight and shoot P content, but the lowest mycorrhizal colonisation. Potassium fertilisation had no significant impact on exudation of citrate and oxalate. The K0 plants had significantly lower exudation of acetate and total carboxylates than K40 plants. The +N+K plants had maximum shoot growth at both harvests (30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS)) and highest N and K shoot contents at 60 DAS. The –N–K plants exuded maximum amounts of citrate and malate at 30 DAS, but at 60 DAS tall fescue had the highest rhizosphere concentrations of citrate and malate in the +N+K treatment. At 60 DAS, mycorrhizal colonisation was significantly lower with than without N and K fertilisation. We concluded that pasture grasses could yield well even in inherently low-K soil without external K fertilisation and mycorrhizal symbiosis. However, the +N+K plants had the highest yield and root carboxylate exudation.
Enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers maintain yields and mitigate global warming potential in an intensified spring wheat system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Salt sensitivity in chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.): Ions in reproductive tissues and yield components in contrasting genotypes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-03-2015
DOI: 10.1111/PCE.12506
Abstract: The reproductive phase in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is affected by salinity, but little is known about the underlying cause. We investigated whether high concentrations of Na(+) and Cl(-) in the reproductive structures influence reproductive processes. Chickpea genotypes contrasting in tolerance were subjected to 0, 35 or 50 mm NaCl applied to soil in pots. Flower production and abortion, pod number, percentage of empty pods, seed number and size were evaluated. The concentrations of Na(+) , K(+) and Cl(-) were measured in various plant tissues and, using X-ray microanalysis, in specific cells of developing reproductive structures. Genotypic variation in reproductive success measured as seed yield in saline conditions was associated with better maintenance of flower production and higher numbers of filled pods (and thus seed number), whereas seed size decreased in all genotypes. Despite the variation in reproductive success, the accumulation of Na(+) and Cl(-) in the early reproductive tissues of developing pods did not differ between a tolerant (Genesis836) and a sensitive (Rupali) genotype. Similarly, salinity tolerance was not associated with the accumulation of salt ions in leaves at the time of reproduction or in seeds at maturity.
Distribution of soil carbon and grain yield of spring wheat under a permanent raised bed planting system in an arid area of northwest China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Development of screening techniques and identification of new sources of resistance to Ascochyta blight disease of chickpea
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-01-2011
Contrasting patterns in biomass allocation, root morphology and mycorrhizal symbiosis for phosphorus acquisition among 20 chickpea genotypes with different amounts of rhizosheath carboxylates
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-04-2020
Botrytis grey mould of chickpea: a review of biology, epidemiology, and disease management
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/AR06120
Abstract: Botrytis grey mould (BGM), caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex. Fr., is an economically important disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), especially in areas where cool, cloudy, and humid weather persists. Several epidemics of BGM causing complete crop loss in the major chickpea-producing countries have been reported. The pathogen B. cinerea mainly survives between seasons on infected crop debris and seeds. Despite extensive investigations on pathological, physiological, and molecular characteristics of B. cinerea causing grey mould type diseases on chickpea and several other hosts, the nature of infection processes and genetic basis of pathogen variability have not been clearly established. This lack of information coupled with the need for repeated application of chemical fungicides forced the deployment of host plant resistance (HPR) as a major option for BGM management. Effective and repeatable controlled-environment and field-screening techniques have been developed for identification of HPR. Of the selected portion of chickpea germplasm evaluated for BGM resistance, only few accessions belonging to both cultivated and wild Cicer spp. were tolerant to BGM, and the search for higher levels of disease resistance continues. Fungicide application based on disease predictive models is helpful in precision-based fungicide application. Integrated disease management (IDM) of BGM has proved more effective than any of the in idual disease management components in large-scale, on-farm studies conducted in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Further information on the biology of B. cinerea and epidemiology of the disease is needed to strengthen the IDM programs. In this paper the biology of B. cinerea including its variability, epidemiology of BGM, identified sources of resistance, and other management options, and available information on biochemical and genetic basis of disease resistance have been reviewed with a mention of future research priorities.
Temperature sensitivity of food legumes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-02-2017
Genotype by environment studies demonstrate the critical role of phenology in adaptation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to high and low yielding environments of India
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2006
Genotype by environment interactions of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.) in Mediterranean-type environments. II. Oil and protein concentrations in seed
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2006
Crop growth and relative growth rates of old and modern wheat cultivars.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1991
DOI: 10.1071/AR9910013
Abstract: An analysis of the dynamics of green area index (GAI), dry matter (DM), relative growth rate (RGR) and crop growth rate (CGR) based on growing degree days (GDD) is presented for a historical series of wheats commercially released in Western Australia. Relative to the old cultivars, modern wheats were characterized by a greater RGR during the vegetative phase. This was achieved at a lower initial GAI, which persisted as the season progressed and was associated with a higher CGR at anthesis and greater grain yield at the end of the season. In the old cultivars, a greater GAI during the mid season declined rapidly as temperatures and soil moisture stress increased in spring, resulting in a lower GAI at anthesis. Together with lower CGR at anthesis this resulted in less dry matter and grain yield at final harvest. The higher grain yield of modern wheat cultivars was achieved with a high RGR during the vegetative phase and greater CGR from ear emergence to harvest.
Evaluation by grafting technique of changes in the contribution of root-to-shoot development and biomass production in soybean (Glycine max) cultivars released from 1929 to 2006 in China
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1071/CP19052
Abstract: Root traits are essential for optimising nutrient and water absorption and anchorage. However, changes in root traits and the contribution of root-to-shoot growth and development of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) across a century of breeding are poorly documented. In this study, we adopted a grafting technique, using 55 cultivars released in the three main soybean-production regions in China as rootstocks in a pot experiment and 24 cultivars from the Yellow-Huai-Hai Valley (YHH) region as rootstocks in a field experiment, with cv. Zigongdongdou as the common scion. Changes in soybean roots, including dry weight (DW) of roots, lateral root number (LRN) and taproot length (TRL), and their contribution to shoot development and biomass formation, including shoot DW, plant height and node number, were evaluated under optimal conditions in 2011. Aboveground traits declined with year of release in the YHH region and did not vary over time in the northern Heilongjiang province and mid-south Heilongjiang region except for shoot DW. The root traits root DW, LRN and TRL were similar over years of release in the pot and field experiments. The results suggest that the newer cultivars have lesser shoot growth and root capacity but the same amount of root growth as older cultivars. Root traits did not change during selection, suggesting that improvement in soybean root traits should be an aim in future breeding.
Regulated deficit irrigation for crop production under drought stress. A review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-12-2016
Growth and nutrient uptake of temperate perennial pastures are influenced by grass species and fertilisation with a microbial consortium inoculant
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-07-2020
Securing reproductive function in mungbean grown under high temperature environment with exogenous application of proline
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.PLAPHY.2019.05.009
Abstract: Escalating temperatures are adversely impacting the production potential of various cool- and warm-season crops, such as Mungbean, therefore effective strategies are required to improve heat tolerance of various crops. Mungbean, a summer season food legume, is seriously affected at temperatures more than 35/25 °C, especially at its reproductive stage, resulting in pollen infertility to induce loss of flowers and potential pods. Proline (Pro), a well-researched stress-related molecule, has been implicated in determining pollen fertility, but its involvement in affecting reproductive function under heat stress is not reported so far. In the present study, it was hypothesised that depletion of endogenous Pro in reproductive components of the flowers of heat-stressed Mungbean plants might impair the reproductive function. To test this hypothesis, Mungbean genotypes (heat tolerant and heat-sensitive), growing in outdoor environment (32.5/17.5 ± 1 °C mean day/night temperature), until on the onset of flowering (30 days after sowing) were subjected to mild heat stress (MS 40/28 °C) and high heat stress (HS 45/33 °C), in the absence or presence of 5 mM proline treatment, applied as soil drenching and foliar spray, 2 days before imposition of heat stress. In MS plants, the endogenous Pro showed a significant increase in leaves, anthers, pollen and ovules, while in SS plants, a marked reduction was noticed. In later case, the activity of proline synthesising enzymes (pyrolline-5-carboxylate synthase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase) declined severely, along with a proline catabolism enzyme (proline dehydrogenase) suggesting disruption in proline metabolism in vegetative and reproductive components. This was associated with considerable decrease in pollen germination, stigma receptivity and ovule viability in heat-stressed plants. Simultaneously, leaf tissue showed high damage to cell membranes, leaf water status, stomatal conductance and cellular respiration. Photosynthetic ability (Chlorophyll, Photo system II function), carbon fixation (RuBisCo activity) and assimilation processes (sucrose synthesis and its hydrolysis) were significantly inhibited, in heat-stressed (HS) plants, which impacted the pod number, pod and seed weight per plant. Pro treatment, especially to HS plants resulted in appreciable increase in its endogenous concentration in vegetative and reproductive parts, which significantly improved the pollen fertility as well as stigma and ovule function. At the same time, stress damage to leaves was reduced significantly, leaf water status and chlorophyll were significantly higher, as a result the carbon fixation and assimilation capacity improved notably to increase the pod set, filled pod number, pod weight and seed weight per plants, suggesting a vital role of proline in enhancing the thermo-tolerance. The effects of Pro treatment were more pronounced in heat-sensitive genotype.
Contribution of stem dry matter to grain yield in wheat cultivars.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1991
DOI: 10.1071/PP9910053
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted in the eastern wheat belt of Western Australia in a dry year with and without irrigation (1987) and in a wet year (1988), comparing three cultivars of wheat differing in height and yield potential. The aim of the study was to determine the contribution of remobilisable stem dry matter to grain dry matter under different water regimes in old and modern wheats. Stem non-structural carbohydrate was labelled with 14C 1 day after anthesis and the activity and weight of this pool and the grain was measured at 2, 18 and 58 days after anthesis. Gutha and Kulin, modern tall and semi-dwarf cultivars respectively, yielded higher than Gamenya, a tall older cultivar in all conditions, but the percentage reduction in yield under water stress was greater for the modern cultivars (41, 34 and 23%). In the grain of Gamenya, the increase in 14C activity after the initial labelling was highest under water stress. Generally, loss of 14C activity from the non-structural stem dry matter was less than the increase in grain activity under water stress but similar to or greater than grain activity increase under well watered conditions. Averaged over environments and cultivars, non-structural dry matter stored in the stem contributed at least 20% of the grain dry matter.
Exogenous application of calcium to 24-epibrassinosteroid pre-treated tomato seedlings mitigates NaCl toxicity by modifying ascorbate-glutathione cycle and secondary metabolites
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-09-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-31917-1
Abstract: The present study tested the efficacy of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) and calcium (Ca) for mediating salinity tolerance in tomato. Salinity stress affected the morphological parameters of tomato as well as leaf relative water content (LRWC), photosynthetic and accessory pigments, leaf gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence and the uptake of essential macronutrients. The salt (NaCl) treatment induced oxidative stress in the form of increased Na + ion concentration by 146%, electrolyte leakage (EL) by 61.11%, lipid peroxidation (MDA) 167% and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content by 175%. Salt stress also enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities including those in the ascorbate–glutathione cycle. Plants treated with EBL or Ca after salt exposure mitigated the ill effects of salt stress, including oxidative stress, by reducing the uptake of Na + ions by 52%. The combined dose of EBL + Ca reversed the salt-induced changes through an elevated pool of enzymes in the ascorbate–glutathione cycle, other antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase), and osmoprotectants (proline, glycine betaine). Exogenously applied EBL and Ca help to optimize mineral nutrient status and enable tomato plants to tolerate salt toxicity. The ability of tomato plants to tolerate salt stress when supplemented with EBL and Ca was attributed to modifications to enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, osmolytes and metabolites.
Approaches Toward Developing Heat and Drought Tolerance in Mungbean
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Date: 2022
Enhanced nodulation and phosphorus acquisition from sparingly-soluble iron phosphate upon treatment with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in chickpea
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-02-2023
DOI: 10.1111/PPL.13873
Abstract: The coordination/trade‐off among below‐ground strategies for phosphorus (P) acquisition, including root morphology, carboxylate exudation and colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), is not well understood. This is the first study investigating the relationships between root nodulation, morphology, carboxylates and colonisation by an indigenous community of AMF under varying P levels and source. Two chickpea genotypes with contrasting amounts of rhizosheath carboxylates were grown in pots at six P levels (from 0 to 160 μg g −1 ) as KH 2 PO 4 (KP, highly soluble) or FePO 4 (FeP, sparingly soluble), with or without AMF (±AMF) treatment. Under both FeP and KP, the presence of AMF inhibited shoot growth and shoot branching, decreased total root length and specific root length, increased mean root diameter and root tissue density and reduced carboxylates. However, the role of AMF in acquiring P differed between the two P sources, with the enhanced P acquisition under FeP while not under KP. Co‐inoculation of AMF and rhizobia enhanced nodulation under FeP, but not under KP. Our results suggest that the effects of AMF on shoot branching were mediated by cytokinins as the reduced shoot branching in FeP40 and KP40 under +AMF relative to −AMF coincided with a decreased concentration of cytokinins in xylem sap for both genotypes.
Growth responses of cool-season grain legumes to transient waterlogging
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/AR06330
Abstract: Transient waterlogging reduces the yield of cool-season grain legumes in several parts of the world. The tolerance of grain legumes to waterlogging may vary between and within species. This study investigated the effects of 7 days of waterlogging and subsequent recovery (10 days) on plant growth to evaluate the variation in tolerance among 7 cool-season grain legume species, in sand culture in glasshouse experiments. Additionally waterlogging tolerance of 6 faba bean genotypes was also evaluated. Tolerance to waterlogging as indicated by root and shoot growth (as % of drained controls) was ranked as follows: faba bean yellow lupin grass pea narrow-leafed lupin chickpea lentil field pea. Faba bean produced adventitious roots and aerenchyma leading to increased root porosity (9% gas volume per unit root volume). Among the 6 faba bean genotypes screened, accession 794 showed the best waterlogging tolerance, but it was also the slowest growing accession, which might have contributed to apparent tolerance (i.e. growth as % drained control). It is concluded that waterlogging tolerance in grain legumes varied between and within species, with faba bean being the most tolerant. The variation in tolerance identified within the limited set of faba bean genotypes evaluated suggests scope for further genetic improvement of tolerance in this species.
The effect of exogenously applied plant growth regulators and zinc on some physiological characteristics and essential oil constituents of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under water stress
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2021
Grazing exclusion—An effective approach for naturally restoring degraded grasslands in Northern China
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-11-2018
DOI: 10.1002/LDR.3191
Identification of conserved and novel miRNAs responsive to heat stress in flowering Chinese cabbage using high-throughput sequencing
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-10-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-019-51443-Y
Abstract: Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding and endogenous key regulators that play significant functions in regulating plant responses to stress, and plant growth and development. Heat stress is a critical abiotic stress that reduces the yield and quality of flowering Chinese cabbage ( Brassica c estris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee). However, limited information is available on whether miRNAs are involved in the regulation of heat stress in B. c estris . A high-throughput sequencing approach was used to identify novel and conserved heat-responsive miRNAs in four small RNA libraries of flowering Chinese cabbage using leaves collected at 0 h, 1 h, 6 h and 12 h after a 38 °C heat-stress treatment. The analysis identified 41 conserved miRNAs (belonging to 19 MIR families), of which MIR156, MIR159, MIR168, MIR171 and MIR1885 had the most abundant molecules. Prediction and evaluation of novel miRNAs using the unannotated reads resulted in 18 candidate miRNAs. Differential expression analysis showed that most of the identified miRNAs were downregulated in heat-treated groups. To better understand functional importance, bioinformatic analysis predicted 432 unique putative target miRNAs involved in cells, cell parts, catalytic activity, cellular processes and abiotic stress responses. Furthermore, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes maps of flowering Chinese cabbage identified the significant role of miRNAs in stress adaptation and stress tolerance, and in several mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways including cell death. This work presents a comprehensive study of the miRNAs for understanding the regulatory mechanisms and their participation in the heat stress of flowering Chinese cabbage.
Environment and agricultural practices regulate enhanced biochar-induced soil carbon pools and crop yield
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Flour quality and disproportionation of bubbles in bread doughs
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODRES.2014.07.025
Abstract: The bread making process transforms wheat flour doughs into highly porous breads. Bread has been shown (Wang, Austin and Bell, 2011) to be a single, open cell that is massively interconnected giving it a maze-like structure that encompasses the entire volume. The solid strands are also porous and contain closed cells. How the bubbles in dough mix partition into these open and closed cells in bread is not known. This study was undertaken to track changes in bubbles in doughs using 3-D X-ray microtomography techniques as doughs proofed and were baked. The mechanical properties of doughs were measured to establish how dough rheology impacted bubble growth. The doughs were made with 'medium strong' Canadian flour (CWRS) and 'weak' Australian flours (Wylk). Both doughs had similar protein amounts and strain-hardening characteristics however the CWRS dough was more elastic. The scans identified formation of clusters of partially-coalesced bubbles from which one cluster grew to form a massively interconnected, single, closed cell in doughs as doughs proofed. Microscopy studies confirmed that the open cell in breads was made of partially-coalesced bubbles. Compared to the dough made with the Australian flours, the dough made from Canadian flour had a thicker dough layer separating bubbles, smaller size bubbles and a slower rate of formation of the continuous structure. This study highlights the critical role of dough elasticity and the disproportionation phenomena of bubble growth in controlling the quality of cell structures in dough and baked products.
Mobilization of contaminants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.156373
Abstract: Land treatment has become an essential waste management practice. Therefore, soil becomes a major source of contaminants including organic chemicals and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) which enter the food chain, primarily through leaching to potable water sources, plant uptake, and animal transfer. A range of soil amendments are used to manage the mobility of contaminants and subsequently their bioavailability. Various soil amendments, like desorbing agents, surfactants, and chelating agents, have been applied to increase contaminant mobility and bioavailability. These mobilizing agents are applied to increase the contaminant removal though phytoremediation, bioremediation, and soil washing. However, possible leaching of the mobilized pollutants during soil washing is a major limitation, particularly when there is no active plant uptake. This leads to groundwater contamination and toxicity to plants and soil biota. In this context, the present review provides an overview on various soil amendments used to enhance the bioavailability and mobility of organic and inorganic contaminants, thereby facilitating increased risk when soil is remediated in polluted areas. The unintended consequences of the mobilization methods, when used to remediate polluted sites, are discussed in relation to the leaching of mobilized contaminants when active plant growth is absent. The toxicity of targeted and non-targeted contaminants to microbial communities and higher plants is also discussed. Finally, this review work summarizes the existing research gaps in various contaminant mobilization approaches, and prospects for future research.
From mine to mind and mobiles – Lithium contamination and its risk management
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Introduction of a leguminous shrub to a rubber plantation changed the soil carbon and nitrogen fractions and ameliorated soil environments
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-11-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-35762-0
Abstract: The conversion of monoculture rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis ) plantations into rubber-based agroforestry systems has become a common trend in forestry management in the past few decades. Rubber– Flemingia macrophylla (a leguminous shrub) systems are popular in southwestern China’s Xishuangbanna region. The biogeochemical cycles of soil carbon and nitrogen in forests are mainly affected by their fractions. This study investigated the effect of introducing Flemingia macrophylla to rubber plantations of different ages on soil carbon and nitrogen fractions. The experimental treatments included R1 (young rubber plantation), RF1 (young rubber– Flemingia macrophylla system), R2 (mature rubber plantation) and RF2 (mature rubber– Flemingia macrophylla system). The results showed that the introduction of Flemingia macrophylla to rubber plantations of different ages significantly changed soil carbon and nitrogen fractions, improved soil labile organic carbon and nitrogen contents, and ameliorated soil environments. The average soil microbial biomass organic carbon, nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen in the 0–10 cm soil layer during the experimental period was 38.9%, 55.5%, and 214.7% higher in RF1 than R1, respectively, and 22.1%, 22.2%, and 652.2% higher in RF2 than R2, respectively. Therefore, Flemingia macrophylla can be used as an alternative interplanted tree species within rubber plantations in similar environments of southeastern Asia.
Physiological and agronomic approaches for improving water-use efficiency in crop plants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Progress of Genomics-Driven Approaches for Sustaining Underutilized Legume Crops in the Post-Genomic Era
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 07-04-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FGENE.2022.831656
Abstract: Legume crops, belonging to the Fabaceae family, are of immense importance for sustaining global food security. Many legumes are profitable crops for smallholder farmers due to their unique ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and their intrinsic ability to thrive on marginal land with minimum inputs and low cultivation costs. Recent progress in genomics shows promise for future genetic gains in major grain legumes. Still it remains limited in minor legumes/underutilized legumes, including adzuki bean, cluster bean, horse gram, lathyrus, red clover, urd bean, and winged bean. In the last decade, unprecedented progress in completing genome assemblies of various legume crops and resequencing efforts of large germplasm collections has helped to identify the underlying gene(s) for various traits of breeding importance for enhancing genetic gain and contributing to developing climate-resilient cultivars. This review discusses the progress of genomic resource development, including genome-wide molecular markers, key breakthroughs in genome sequencing, genetic linkage maps, and trait mapping for facilitating yield improvement in underutilized legumes. We focus on 1) the progress in genomic-assisted breeding, 2) the role of whole-genome resequencing, pangenomes for underpinning the novel genomic variants underlying trait gene(s), 3) how adaptive traits of wild underutilized legumes could be harnessed to develop climate-resilient cultivars, 4) the progress and status of functional genomics resources, deciphering the underlying trait candidate genes with putative function in underutilized legumes 5) and prospects of novel breeding technologies, such as speed breeding, genomic selection, and genome editing. We conclude the review by discussing the scope for genomic resources developed in underutilized legumes to enhance their production and play a critical role in achieving the “zero hunger” sustainable development goal by 2030 set by the United Nations.
Horse Gram, An Underutilized Climate-Resilient Legume: Breeding and Genomic Approach for Improving Future Genetic Gain
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Date: 2022
Socio-cognitive constraints and opportunities for sustainable intensification in South Asia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-04-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S10668-021-01342-Y
Abstract: Appreciating and dealing with the plurality of farmers’ perceptions and their contextual knowledge and perspectives of the functioning and performance of their agroecosystems—in other words, their ‘mental models’—is central for appropriate and sustainable agricultural development. In this respect, the sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to eradicate poverty and food insecurity by 2030 by envisioning social inclusivity that incorporates the preferences and knowledge of key stakeholders, including farmers. Agricultural development interventions and policies directed at sustainable intensification (SI), however, do not sufficiently account for farmers’ perceptions, beliefs, priorities, or interests. Considering two contrasting agroecological systems in coastal Bangladesh, we used a fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM)-based simulation and sensitivity analysis of mental models of respondents of different farm types from 240 farm households. The employed FCM mental models were able to (1) capture farmers’ perception of farming system concepts and relationships for each farm type and (2) assess the impact of external interventions (drivers) on cropping intensification and food security. We decomposed the FCM models’ variance into the first-order sensitivity index (SVI) and total sensitivity index (TSI) using a winding stairs algorithm. Both within and outside polder areas, the highest TSIs (35–68%) were observed for effects of agricultural extension on changes in other concepts in the map, particularly food security and income (SI indicators), indicating the importance of extension programs for SI. Outside polders, drainage and micro-credit were also influential within polders, the availability of micro-credit appears to affect farmer perceptions of SI indicators more than drainage. This study demonstrated the importance of reflection on the differing perspectives of farmers both within and outside polders to identify entry points for development interventions. In addition, the study underscores the need for micro-farming systems-level research to assess the context-based feasibility of introduced interventions as perceived by farmers of different farm types.
Polyamines: Natural and engineered abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in plants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOTECHADV.2011.01.003
Abstract: Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous biogenic amines that have been implicated in erse cellular functions in widely distributed organisms. In plants, mutant and transgenic plants with altered activity pointed to their involvement with different abiotic and biotic stresses. Furthermore, microarray, transcriptomic and proteomic approaches have elucidated key functions of different PAs in signaling networks in plants subjected to abiotic and biotic stresses, however the exact molecular mechanism remains enigmatic. Here, we argue that PAs should not be taken only as a protective molecule but rather like a double-faced molecule that likely serves as a major area for further research efforts. This review summarizes recent advances in plant polyamine research ranging from transgenic and mutant characterization to potential mechanisms of action during environmental stresses and diseases.
Identification of duplicates and fingerprinting of primary and secondary wild annual Cicer gene pools using AFLP markers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-08-2007
Integrated crop management of chickpea in environments of Bangladesh prone to Botrytis grey mould
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
Effects of drought stress on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat species differing in ploidy level
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/FP16082
Abstract: Modern hexaploid wheat has several diploid and tetraploid predecessors. Morpho-physiological adaptation and the adaptation to drought of these different ploidy wheat species is largely unknown. To investigate the adaptation to drought stress, eight accesssions (two wild diploid (2n) accessions of Aegilops tauschii Coss., two domesticated diploid (2n) accessions of Triticum monococcum L., two domesticated tetraploid (4n) accessions of Triticum dicoccum Schrank ex Schübl. and two domesticated hexaploid (6n) accessions of Triticum aestivum L.) were exposed to three water regimes: (i) well-watered control (WW, 80% field capacity (FC)), (ii) moderate water stress (MS, 50% FC), and (iii) severe water stress (SS, 25% FC) from 30 days after sowing to maturity. The results showed that accession (A), water regime (W), and the interaction of A × W significantly affected yield, morpho-physiological traits, biochemical characteristics and biomass allocation. In the WW treatment, the aboveground biomass, ear biomass, grain yield and harvest index increased, whereas the number of spikes and spikelets per plant decreased from accessions of T. monococcum to T. dicoccum to T. aestivum. Across all accessions, yields decreased by 29% under moderate water stress and 61% under severe water stress. In all three water regimes, yields were positively correlated with photosynthesis (Pn) per plant (Pn × leaf area) at jointing and anthesis, largely the result of the differences and changes in leaf area. Water use efficiency for grain (WUEG) decreased by 2–6% in T. monococcum, but it increased by 15–16% in T. dicoccum and T. aestivum under drought stress. Analysis of the allometric relationships between aboveground biomass (MAB) and root biomass (Mroot) in the different species indicated that less biomass was allocated to roots with greater polyploidy while more biomass was allocated to roots with drought in A. tauschii, but not in the domesticated species. We conclude that domestication, selection and breeding of higher ploidy wheat has increased wheat yields primarily by increasing aboveground biomass and harvest index, increases that were maintained under water stress.
Legume, Microbiome, and Regulatory Functions of miRNAs in Systematic Regulation of Symbiosis
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2018
Multi-site assessment of the effects of plastic-film mulch on dryland maize productivity in semiarid areas in China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Reproductive fitness in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under drought stress is associated with root length and volume
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2018
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) a potential grain legume for south-western Australia: Seasonal growth and yield
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1986
DOI: 10.1071/AR9860245
Abstract: The suitability of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as a winter-sown grain crop was evaluated for the Merredin region (310 mm rainfall) in the south-western Australian cereal belt. Few data on performance of chickpea were available from southern Australia, but similarities of the Merredin climate with that of Aleppo in Syria, where chickpea has been grown for centuries, indicated its potential. The response of a desi-type early line of chickpea was studied in a time of sowing by density trial in 1982 and a time of sowing trial in 1983, by relating seed and biological yield to dry matter accumulation and distribution, phenological and morphological development. Seed yields averaged 1.20 t ha-1 over the two years, and was little affected by time of sowing or density over the normal sowing period, and confirmed early flowering as the basic ideotype for the region. Seed yield correlated poorly with harvest index, but highly with biological yield within, but not between years. Time to flowering was fairly constant, averaging 100 days after 1160�C days, and flowering stopped soon after maximum LAI was reached. Detailed observations in 1983 showed that the efficiency of formation of seed bearing pods from flowers increased from 38% for the earliest planting to 83% in the latest planting. The failure of early sown chickpea to exploit the longer growing season resulted from the high abortion rate of early flowers, probably caused by low spring temperatures. The 35% of pods aborted in late spring, in all sowing dates, indicates that water stress can be expected to limit chickpea yields, as in other cultivated species, in the region. Chickpea demonstrated good yield potential for the drier cereal belt on heavy-textured soils at Merredin, to which medics are adapted. The data indicate scope to increase yields by improving tolerance to cold during early flowering and support the concept of increasing seed yields by restricting the number of branches at higher densities, as found in a previous study.
Physiological and Molecular Approaches for Developing Thermotolerance in Vegetable Crops
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 28-06-2022
Abstract: Vegetables are a distinct collection of plant-based foods that vary in nutritional ersity and form an important part of the healthy diet of the human being. Besides providing basic nutrition, they have great potential for boosting human health. The balanced consumption of vegetables is highly recommended for supplementing the human body with better nutrition density, dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive compounds. However, the production and quality of fresh vegetables are influenced directly or indirectly by exposure to high temperatures or heat stress (HS). A decline in quality traits and harvestable yield are the most common effects of HS among vegetable crops. Heat-induced morphological damage, such as poor vegetative growth, leaf tip burning, and rib discoloration in leafy vegetables and sunburn, decreased fruit size, fruit od abortion, and unfilled fruit ods in beans, are common, often rendering vegetable cultivation unprofitable. Further studies to trace down the possible physiological and biochemical effects associated with crop failure reveal that the key factors include membrane damage, photosynthetic inhibition, oxidative stress, and damage to reproductive tissues, which may be the key factors governing heat-induced crop failure. The reproductive stage of plants has extensively been studied for HS-induced abnormalities. Plant reproduction is more sensitive to HS than the vegetative stages, and affects various reproductive processes like pollen germination, pollen load, pollen tube growth, stigma receptivity, ovule fertility and, seed filling, resulting in poorer yields. Hence, sound and robust adaptation and mitigation strategies are needed to overcome the adverse impacts of HS at the morphological, physiological, and biochemical levels to ensure the productivity and quality of vegetable crops. Physiological traits such as the stay-green trait, canopy temperature depression, cell membrane thermostability, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content, increased reproductive fertility, fruit numbers, and fruit size are important for developing better yielding heat-tolerant varieties/cultivars. Moreover, various molecular approaches such as omics, molecular breeding, and transgenics, have been proved to be useful in enhancing/incorporating tolerance and can be potential tools for developing heat-tolerant varieties/cultivars. Further, these approaches will provide insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms that govern thermotolerance and pave the way for engineering “designer” vegetable crops for better health and nutritional security. Besides these approaches, agronomic methods are also important for adaptation, escape and mitigation of HS protect and improve yields.
Omics and crispr-cas9 approaches for molecular insight, functional gene analysis, and stress tolerance development in crops
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-01-2021
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS22031292
Abstract: Plants are regularly exposed to biotic and abiotic stresses that adversely affect agricultural production. Omics has gained momentum in the last two decades, fueled by statistical methodologies, computational capabilities, mass spectrometry, nucleic-acid sequencing, and peptide-sequencing platforms. Functional genomics—especially metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics—have contributed substantially to plant molecular responses to stress. Recent progress in reverse and forward genetics approaches have mediated high-throughput techniques for identifying stress-related genes. Furthermore, web-based genetic databases have mediated bioinformatics techniques for detecting families of stress-tolerant genes. Gene ontology (GO) databases provide information on the gene product’s functional features and help with the computational estimation of gene function. Functional omics data from multiple platforms are useful for positional cloning. Stress-tolerant plants have been engineered using stress response genes, regulatory networks, and pathways. The genome-editing tool, CRISPR-Cas9, reveals the functional features of several parts of the plant genome. Current developments in CRISPR, such as de novo meristem induction genome-engineering in dicots and temperature-tolerant LbCas12a/CRISPR, enable greater DNA insertion precision. This review discusses functional omics for molecular insight and CRISPR-Cas9-based validation of gene function in crop plants. Omics and CRISPR-Cas9 are expected to garner knowledge on molecular systems and gene function and stress-tolerant crop production.
Response of Mungbean (cvs. Celera II-AU and Jade-AU) and Blackgram (cv. Onyx-AU) to Transient Waterlogging
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 19-08-2021
Abstract: Mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] and blackgram [ Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] are important crops for smallholder farmers in tropical and subtropical regions. Production of both crops is affected by unexpected and increasingly frequent extreme precipitation events, which result in transient soil waterlogging. This study aimed to compare the waterlogging tolerance of mungbean and blackgram genotypes under the varying duration of waterlogging stress at germination and seedling stages. We evaluated the responses to different durations of transient waterlogging in a sandy clay loam under temperature-controlled glasshouse conditions. Waterlogging durations were 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 days during germination and 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 days during the seedling stage. We used two mungbean genotypes (green testa), Celera II-AU (small-seeded), and Jade-AU (large-seeded), contrasting in seed size and hypocotyl pigmentation, and a blackgram genotype (black testa), Onyx-AU. Waterlogging reduced soil redox potential, delayed or even prevented germination, decreased seedling establishment, and affected shoot and root development. In the seedlings waterlogged (WL) at 15 days after sowing (DAS), adventitious root formation and crown nodulation varied between the genotypes, and 16 days of waterlogging substantially reduced growth but did not result in plant death. Plants in soil with waterlogging for 8–16 days followed by drainage and s ling at 39 DAS had reduced shoot and root dry mass by 60–65% in mungbean and 40% in blackgram compared with continuously drained controls, due at least in part to fewer lateral roots. Soil plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll content was also reduced. Onyx-AU, a blackgram genotype, was more tolerant to transient waterlogging than Jade-AU and Celera II-AU in both growth stages. Of the two mungbean genotypes, Celera II-AU had a greater seedling establishment than Jade-AU post waterlogging imposed at sowing. In contrast, Jade-AU had more plant biomass and greater recovery growth than Celera II-AU after waterlogging and recovery during the seedling stage. Both species were delayed in emergence in response to the shorter periods of transient waterlogging at germination, and with the longer waterlogging germination and emergence failed, whereas at the seedling stage both showed adaptation by the formation of adventitious roots.
Check dam extraction from remote sensing images using deep learning and geospatial analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2023
Sustainable agricultural practices for food security and ecosystem services
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-10-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-022-23635-Z
Abstract: The notion of food security is a global phenomenon that impinges on every human. Efforts to increase productivity and yields have historically degraded the environment and reduced bio ersity and ecosystem services, with the significant impact on the poor. Sustainable agriculture-farming in sustainable ways based on an understanding of ecosystem services-is a practical option for achieving global food security while minimizing further environmental degradation. Sustainable agricultural systems offer ecosystem services, such as pollination, biological pest control, regulation of soil and water quality, maintenance of soil structure and fertility, carbon sequestration and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient cycling, hydrological services, and bio ersity conservation. In this review, we discuss the potential of sustainable agriculture for achieving global food security alongside healthy ecosystems that provide other valuable services to humankind. Too often, agricultural production systems are considered separate from other natural ecosystems, and insufficient attention has been paid to how services can flow to and from agricultural production systems to surrounding ecosystems. This review also details the trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services, highlights current knowledge gaps, and proposes areas for future research.
Stomatal behaviour under terminal drought affects post-anthesis water use in wheat
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/FP16078
Abstract: Post-anthesis water use is important for grain yield in wheat under drought because this water is immediately used for grain filling. The aim of this study was to determine whether root capacity for water uptake from deeper layers in the soil profile differed between two genotypes with contrasting stomatal behaviour under terminal drought. The wheat cultivar Drysdale and the breeding line IGW-3262 were grown in 1 m deep pots in a glasshouse under well-watered conditions until anthesis, when three watering treatments were imposed: (i) watering maintained at 90% pot soil water capacity (WW), (ii) watering withheld but supplementary watering supplied to the bottom 30 cm of the pot to keep this layer of the soil profile wet until physiological maturity (WB) and (iii) watering completely withheld (WS). Stomatal conductance, post-anthesis water use and water use efficiency, and grain yield were measured. Post-anthesis water use in Drysdale was similar in the WB and WW treatments, while in IGW-3262 it was 30% less in the WB treatment than in the WW treatment. In the WB treatment as the top soil dried, stomatal closure was faster in IGW-3262 than in Drysdale, which may have affected the capacity of roots to uptake available water at depth. The reduction in post-anthesis water use in IGW-3262 resulted in a decline in grain yield.
Effect of fertilizer management on the soil bacterial community in agroecosystems across the globe
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Foliar Spray of Micronutrients Alleviates Heat and Moisture Stress in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) Grown Under Rainfed Field Conditions
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 07-04-2022
Abstract: The simultaneous occurrence of high temperature and moisture stress during the reproductive stage of lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik) constrains yield potential by disrupting the plant defense system. We studied the detrimental outcomes of heat and moisture stress on rainfed lentils under residual moisture in a field experiment conducted on clay loam soil (Aeric Haplaquept) in eastern India from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020 in winter seasons. Lentil was sown on two dates (November and December) to expose the later sowing to higher temperatures and moisture stress. Foliar sprays of boron (0.2% B), zinc (0.5% Zn), and iron (0.5% Fe) were applied in idually or in combination at the pre-flowering and pod development stages. High temperatures increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content due to membrane degradation and reduced leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, and yield (kg ha –1 ). The nutrient treatments affected the growth and physiology of stressed lentil plants. The B+Fe treatment outperformed the other nutrient treatments for both sowing dates, increasing peroxidase (POX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, relative leaf water content (RLWC), seed filling duration, seed growth rate, and yield per hectare. The B+Fe treatment increased seed yield by 35–38% in late-sown lentils (December). In addition, the micronutrient treatments positively impacted physiological responses under heat and moisture stress with B+Fe and B+Fe+Zn alleviating heat and moisture stress-induced perturbations. Moreover, the exogenous nutrients helped in improving physiochemical attributes, such as chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, seed filling duration, and seed growth rate.
Photosynthetic response to deep soil water deficit in a semiarid apple tree plantation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Above- and belowground dry matter partitioning of four warm-season annual crops sown on different dates in a semiarid region
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Phosphorus acquisition and utilisation in crop legumes under global change
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.PBI.2018.05.012
Abstract: Improving phosphorus (P)-use efficiency in legumes is a worldwide challenge in the face of an increasing world population, dwindling global rock phosphate reserves, the relatively high P demand of legumes and global change. This review focuses on P acquisition of crop legumes in response to climate change. We advocate further studies on: firstly, the response of carboxylate exudation, mycorrhizas and root morphology to climate change and their role in P acquisition as dependent on edaphic factors secondly, developing intercropping systems with a combination of a legume and another crop species to enhance P acquisition and thirdly, the impact of the interactions of the major climate change factors on P acquisition in the field.
Increasing maize production and preventing water deficits in semi-arid areas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Understanding drought tolerance in plants
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-05-2021
DOI: 10.1111/PPL.13442
Fast-forward breeding for a food-secure world
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.TIG.2021.08.002
Abstract: Crop production systems need to expand their outputs sustainably to feed a burgeoning human population. Advances in genome sequencing technologies combined with efficient trait mapping procedures accelerate the availability of beneficial alleles for breeding and research. Enhanced interoperability between different omics and phenotyping platforms, leveraged by evolving machine learning tools, will help provide mechanistic explanations for complex plant traits. Targeted and rapid assembly of beneficial alleles using optimized breeding strategies and precise genome editing techniques could deliver ideal crops for the future. Realizing desired productivity gains in the field is imperative for securing an adequate future food supply for 10 billion people.
Osmotic adjustment of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is not associated with changes in carbohydrate composition or leaf gas exchange under drought
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2007
Advances in understanding plant root uptake of phosphorus
Publisher: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing
Date: 19-01-2021
Abstract: At a global scale, phosphorus (P) deficiency comprises a large area of cropland, while P has also been used in excess of crop requirements in many other regions. Improved crop P-acquisition efficiency would allow lower target critical soil P values and provide savings in P-fertiliser use. At the same time, it would reduce P lost through erosion, leaching and/or soil sorption. This chapter summarises the progress in research on root traits associated with P acquisition, including root morphology, architecture, biochemistry, colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and fine root endophytes, and the trade-offs among all these traits. Farming-management practices to improve P acquisition under current intensive agricultural systems are also discussed. The chapter summarises breeding progress in improving P-acquisition efficiency. In the face of soil P deficiency or legacy P globally, the chapter suggests future directions to improve P acquisition in five key areas.
Root system architecture, physiological and transcriptional traits of soybean (Glycine max L.) in response to water deficit
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-09-2021
DOI: 10.1111/PPL.13201
Influence of straw incorporation on soil water utilization and summer maize productivity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Improving Chickpea Genetic Gain Under Rising Drought and Heat Stress Using Breeding Approaches and Modern Technologies
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Date: 2022
Is traditional rice reviving? An exploratory study in Kerala, India
Publisher: Inderscience Publishers
Date: 2021
Trigenomic Bridges forBrassicaImprovement
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2011
Effect of canopy structure on efficiency of radiation interception and use in spring wheat cultivars during the pre-anthesis period in a mediterranean-type environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1993
Salt‑responsive transcriptome analysis of canola roots reveals candidate genes involved in the key metabolic pathway in response to salt stress
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-01-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-022-05700-2
Abstract: Salinity is a major constraint on crop growth and productivity, limiting sustainable agriculture in arid regions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of salt-stress adaptation in canola is important to improve salt tolerance and promote its cultivation in saline lands. In this study, roots of control (no salt) and 200 mM NaCl-stressed canola seedlings were collected for RNA-Seq analysis and qRT-PCR validation. A total of 5385, 4268, and 7105 DEGs at the three time points of salt treatment compared to the control were identified, respectively. Several DEGs enriched in plant signal transduction pathways were highly expressed under salt stress, and these genes play an important role in signaling and scavenging of ROS in response to salt stress. Transcript expression in canola roots differed at different stages of salt stress, with the early-stages (2 h) of salt stress mainly related to oxidative stress response and sugar metabolism, while the late-stages (72 h) of salt stress mainly related to transmembrane movement, amino acid metabolism, glycerol metabolism and structural components of the cell wall. Several families of TFs that may be associated with salt tolerance were identified, including ERF, MYB, NAC, WRKY, and bHLH. These results provide a basis for further studies on the regulatory mechanisms of salt stress adaptation in canola.
Crop yield and weed management in rainfed conservation agriculture
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
Isolation and characterization of peroxidase P7-like gene and Rab-GDI like gene from potential medicinal plants: A step toward understanding cell defense signaling
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 02-09-2022
Abstract: Defensin genes form part of a plant’s defense system and are activated when exposed to biotic or abiotic stress. They play a vital role in controlling many signaling pathways involved in various plant defense mechanisms. This research aimed to isolate and characterize novel defensin genes from selected medicinally important plants to explore their signaling mechanisms and defense associated roles for breeding. The DNA of Albizia lebbeck and Moringa oleifera was subjected to PCR lification using gene-specific primers of defensin genes. Two novel defensin genes were isolated in each species, with sequence lengths of 300 bp in A. lebbeck and 150 bp in M. oleifera . In-silico analysis undertaken to retrieve and align their orthologous sequences revealed 100% similarity of the A. lebbeck gene with the Musa acuminate peroxidase P7-like gene and 85% similarity of the M. oleifera gene with the Manihot esculenta GDP dissociation inhibitor gene. The reliability, stability and physiochemical properties of homology models of these sequences was confirmed through online computational studies. This preliminary study confirmed the presence of novel genes with peroxidase P7 and Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor gene-like activity in A. lebbeck and M. oleifera , respectively, and their potential defense role in plants. Thus, the defensin genes of both species could be used in the synthesis of transgenic self-defensive plants with increased disease resistance and as potential candidates for improved crop production and thraputic formulation in the future.
Investigating the influence of elevated temperature on nutritional and yield characteristics of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes during seed filling in a controlled environment
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 21-09-2023
A review of the potential of Lathyrus sativus L. and L. cicera L. grain for use as animal feed
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2000
Application of zinc and biochar help to mitigate cadmium stress in bread wheat raised from seeds with high intrinsic zinc
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Conservation agriculture in dry areas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2012
Genotype by environment interactions of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and canola (B. napus L.) in Mediterranean-type environments. I. Crop growth and seed yield
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2006
Variation in pod production and abortion among chickpea cultivars under terminal drought
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2006
Albinism in plants: A major bottleneck in wide hybridization, androgenesis and doubled haploid culture
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-11-2009
Genome-wide transcriptome analysis and physiological variation modulates gene regulatory networks acclimating salinity tolerance in chickpea
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Soil acidification and the liming potential of biochar
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.120632
Abstract: Soil acidification in managed ecosystems such as agricultural lands principally result from increased releasing of protons (H+) from the transformation reactions of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) containing compounds. The incorporation of liming materials can neutralize the protons released, hence reducing soil acidity and its adverse impacts to soil environment, food security, and human health. Biochar derived from organic residues are becoming a source of carbon input to soil and provide multifunctional values. Biochar can be alkaline in nature with the level of alkalinity dependent upon the feedstock and processing conditions. This review covers the fundamental aspects of soil acidification and of the use of biochar to address constraints related to acidic soil. Biochar are increasingly considered as an effective soil amendment for improving soil acidity owing to its liming potential, thereby enhancing soil fertility and productivity in acid soils. The ameliorant effect on acid soils is mainly because of the dissolution of carbonates, (hydro)-oxides of the ash fraction of biochar and potential use by microorganisms.
Growth and seed yield of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) genotypes of West Asian and South Asian origin and crossbreds between the two under rainfed conditions in Nepal
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AR05050
Abstract: Nineteen erse lentil genotypes, 8 originating from South Asia, 6 from West Asia, and 5 crossbreds using parents from South Asia and West Asia (or other Mediterranean environments), were evaluated for growth, phenology, yield, and yield components at Khumaltar in the mid-hill region of Nepal. Additionally, dry matter production, partitioning, root growth and water use of 8 selected genotypes from the 3 groups were measured at key phenological stages. The seed yield of the West Asian genotypes was only 330 kg/ha, whereas the South Asian genotypes produced a mean seed yield of 1270 kg/ha. The crossbreds had a significantly (P = 0.05) greater seed yield (1550 kg/ha) than the South Asian genotypes. The high seed yield of both the South Asian and crossbred genotypes was associated with rapid ground cover, early flowering and maturity, a long reproductive period, a greater number of seeds and pods, high total dry matter, greater harvest index, and high water use efficiency. West Asian genotypes, on the other hand, flowered 43 days later, matured 15 days later, and had a shorter reproductive period (by 22 days) than the crossbred and South Asian genotypes. The 23% greater seed yield in the crossbreds compared with the South Asian genotypes was the result of a similar increase in seed size (weight per seed). There were no significant differences in total root length (mean 4.7 km/m2), root dry matter (mean 95.5 g/m2), or water use among the 3 groups during the major part of the growing period. There was a significant difference in total water use due to the longer growing season of the West Asian genotype ILL 7983 and its ability to use late-season rainfall. Maximum water use efficiencies for seed yield of 7.0 kg/ha.mm and for above-ground dry matter of 18.9 kg/ha.mm were comparable with those reported in India and the Mediterranean environments of south-western Australia and Syria.
Co-inoculation of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria and Mycorrhizal Fungi
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-09-2021
Physiological responses of chickpea genotypes to terminal drought in a Mediterranean-type environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1999
Rice-wheat cropping systems in South Asia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1071/CP18383
Abstract: The rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system is the largest agricultural production system worldwide, and is practised on 24 Mha in Asia. Many factors have threatened the long-term sustainability of conventional rice–wheat cropping systems, including degradation of soil health, water scarcity, labour/energy crises, nutrient imbalances, low soil organic matter contents, complex weed and insect flora, the emergence of herbicide-resistant weeds, and greenhouse-gas emissions. Options for improving the yield and sustainability of the rice–wheat cropping system include the use of resource-conservation technologies such as no-till wheat, laser-assisted land levelling, and direct-seeded aerobic rice. However, these technologies are site- and situation-specific for ex le, direct-seeded aerobic rice is successful on heavy-textured soils but not sandy soils. Other useful strategies include seed priming, carbon trading and payment, the inclusion of legumes, and eco-friendly and biological methods of weed control. Irrigation based on soil matric potential using tensiometers can be useful for saving surplus water in direct-seeded, aerobic rice. These options and strategies will contribute to resolving water scarcity, saving labour and energy resources, reducing greenhouse-gas emissions, increasing soil organic matter contents, and improving the soil-quality index. Seed priming with various substances that supplement osmotic pressure (osmotica) is a viable option for addressing poor stand establishment in conservation rice–wheat cropping systems and for increasing crop yields. To strengthen the c aign for using resource-conservation technologies in rice–wheat cropping systems, carbon-payment schemes could be introduced and machinery should be offered at affordable prices. The persistent issue of burning crop residues could be resolved by incorporating these residues into biogas/ethanol and biochar production. Because rice and wheat are staple foods in South Asia, agronomic biofortification is a useful option for enhancing micronutrient contents in grains to help to reduce malnutrition.
Breeding custom‐designed crops for improved drought adaptation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2021
Abstract: The current pace of crop improvement is inadequate to feed the burgeoning human population by 2050. Higher, more stable, and sustainable crop production is required against a backdrop of drought stress, which causes significant losses in crop yields. Tailoring crops for drought adaptation may hold the key to address these challenges and provide resilient production systems for future harvests. Understanding the genetic and molecular landscape of the functionality of alleles associated with adaptive traits will make designer crop breeding the prospective approach for crop improvement. Here, we highlight the potential of genomics technologies combined with crop physiology for high‐throughput identification of the genetic architecture of key drought‐adaptive traits and explore innovative genomic breeding strategies for designing future crops.
Performance of soil and water conservation practices in the erosion evolution process, runoff dynamics and surface roughness
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2023
DOI: 10.1111/SUM.12888
Abstract: Soil and water conservation practices are used widely to prevent soil erosion and protect soil and water resources, which is significant for ecological restoration and food security. However, rill evolution processes, erosion and deposition characteristics and critical hydrodynamic parameters need more research. In order to investigate the effect of soil and water conservation practices on soil erosion dynamics, simulated rainfall experiments were undertaken in a laboratory on 15° loess slopes with engineering measures (fish‐scale pits, FSPs), tillage measures (artificial digging, AD contour ploughing, CP) and bare slope (CK). The results showed that: (1) during rill erosion, hillslopes with FSPs, CP and AD were more likely to develop wide and shallow rills, while a bare slope (CK) was more likely to develop narrow and deep rills. At the end of the experiment (cumulative rainfall was about 150 mm), headward retreat erosion dominated the AD slope (maximum rill length: 3.27 m), side‐wall expansion erosion dominated the CP slope (maximum rill width: 0.522 m) and bed incision erosion dominated the CK (maximum rill depth: 0.09 m) (2) soil and water conservation practices reduced surface erosion and sediment transport and runoff velocity. However, the positive effects disappeared when rainfall amounts exceeded 82.5, 105 and 127.5 mm for FSPs, CP and AD, respectively (3) for runoff kinetic energy and runoff shear strength of 3 J and 1.5 N/m 2 , respectively, soil and water conservation measures had greater anti‐erosion abilities than CK (4) as rainfall duration increased, surface roughness, runoff rate and sediment concentration increased on the CK and FSP treatments, but decreased on the CP and AD treatments. This study has important implications for managing different soil and water conservation measures based on rainfall conditions and offers a deeper understanding of soil erosion processes.
Diversified crop rotations reduce groundwater use and enhance system resilience
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Influence of drought and heat stress, applied independently or in combination during seed development, on qualitative and quantitative aspects of seeds of lentil (Lens culinaris Medi
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2018
DOI: 10.1111/PCE.13328
Abstract: Terminal droughts, along with high temperatures, are becoming more frequent to strongly influence the seed development in cool-season pulses like lentil. In the present study, the lentil plants growing outdoors under natural environment were subjected to following treatments at the time of seed filling till maturity: (a) 28/23 °C day/night temperature as controls (b) drought stressed, plants maintained at 50% field capacity, under the same growth conditions as in a (c) heat stressed, 33/28 °C day/night temperature, under the same growth conditions as in a and (d) drought + heat stressed, plants at 50% field capacity, 33/28 °C day/night temperature, under the same growth conditions as in (a). Both heat and drought resulted in marked reduction in the rate and duration of seed filling to decrease the final seed size drought resulted in more damage than heat stress combined stresses accentuated the damage to seed starch, storage proteins and their fractions, minerals, and several amino acids. Comparison of a drought-tolerant and a drought-sensitive genotype indicated the former type showed significantly less damage to various components of seeds, under drought as well as heat stress suggesting a cross tolerance, which was linked to its (drought tolerant) better capacity to retain more water in leaves and hence more photo-assimilation ability, compared with drought-sensitive genotype.
Phosphorus application increases root growth, improves daily water use during the reproductive stage, and increases grain yield in soybean subjected to water shortage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Assessment of biochemical and physiological parameters of durum wheat genotypes at the seedling stage during polyethylene glycol-induced water stress
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-04-2020
Current Research Trends and Prospects for Yield and Quality Improvement in Sesame, an Important Oilseed Crop
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 06-05-2022
Abstract: Climate change is shifting agricultural production, which could impact the economic and cultural contexts of the oilseed industry, including sesame. Environmental threats (biotic and abiotic stresses) affect sesame production and thus yield (especially oil content). However, few studies have investigated the genetic enhancement, quality improvement, or the underlying mechanisms of stress tolerance in sesame. This study reveals the challenges faced by farmers/researchers growing sesame crops and the potential genetic and genomic resources for addressing the threats, including: (1) developing sesame varieties that tolerate phyllody, root rot disease, and waterlogging (2) investigating beneficial agro-morphological traits, such as determinate growth, prostrate habit, and delayed response to seed shattering (3) using wild relatives of sesame for wide hybridization and (4) advancing existing strategies to maintain sesame production under changing climatic conditions. Future research programs need to add technologies and develop the best research strategies for economic and sustainable development.
Genome-wide association mapping of nutritional traits for designing superior chickpea varieties
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-08-2022
Abstract: Micronutrient malnutrition is a serious concern in many parts of the world therefore, enhancing crop nutrient content is an important challenge. Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.), a major food legume crop worldwide, is a vital source of protein and minerals in the vegetarian diet. This study evaluated a erse set of 258 chickpea germplasm accessions for 12 key nutritional traits. A significant variation was observed for several nutritional traits, including crude protein (16.56–24.64/100 g), β-Carotene (0.003–0.104 mg/100 g), calcium (60.69–176.55 mg/100 g), and folate (0.413–6.537 mg/kg). These data, combined with the available whole-genome sequencing data for 318,644 SNPs, were used in genome-wide association studies comprising single-locus and multi-locus models. We also explored the effect of varying the minor allele frequency (MAF) levels and heterozygosity. We identified 62 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) explaining up to 28.63% of the phenotypic variance (PV), of which nine were localized within genes regulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, proteasome assembly, intracellular signal transduction, and oxidation–reduction process, among others. The significant effect MTAs were located primarily on Ca1, Ca3, Ca4, and Ca6. Importantly, varying the level of heterozygosity was found to significantly affect the detection of associations contributing to traits of interest. We further identified seven promising accessions (ICC10399, ICC1392, ICC1710, ICC2263, ICC1431, ICC4182, and ICC16915) with superior agronomic performance and high nutritional content as potential donors for developing nutrient-rich, high-yielding chickpea varieties. Validation of the significant MTAs with higher PV could identify factors controlling the nutrient acquisition and facilitate the design of biofortified chickpeas for the future.
Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 19-11-2020
Cropping systems in agriculture and their impact on soil health-A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Adaptation of faba bean (Vicia faba L) to dryland Mediterranean-type environments. I. Seed yield and yield components
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1997
Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR)-based diversity assessment among faba bean genotypes
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/CP11045
Abstract: Thirty-four faba bean (Vicia faba L.) including local and exotic materials were subjected to molecular ersity assessment using 12 inter-simple sequence repeat primers. The molecular data showed unambiguous and qualitative (present or absent) fragments that gave repeatable patterns were considered for the analysis. The 12 selected primers produced a total of 71 fragments (loci), all of which were polymorphic using the 34 collected faba genotypes. The results of clustering Nei’s genetic distance using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average algorithm at the 0.52 dissimilarity separated genotypes to six main clusters with many subclusters. The local genotypes were distributed to most of all clusters. Genotypes collected from Egypt and King Saud University was grouped together in two clusters, ICARDA’s genotypes in two clusters and two genotypes (H8, local determent genotype and 987–255–95 line) formed a single cluster. The high number of subclusters formed in this study indicated that there is a high genetic variability related to collection sites and it should be utilised in faba bean improvement.
Salt sensitivity in chickpea is determined by sodium toxicity
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-04-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00425-016-2533-3
Abstract: Salt sensitivity in chickpea is determined by Na(+) toxicity, whereas relatively high leaf tissue concentrations of Cl(-) were tolerated, and the osmotic component of 60-mM NaCl was not detrimental. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is sensitive to salinity. This study dissected the responses of chickpea to osmotic and ionic components (Na(+) and/or Cl(-)) of salt stress. Two genotypes with contrasting salt tolerances were exposed to osmotic treatments (-0.16 and -0.29 MPa), Na(+)-salts, Cl(-)-salts, or NaCl at 0, 30, or 60 mM for 42 days and growth, tissue ion concentrations and leaf gas-exchange were assessed. The osmotic treatments and Cl(-)-salts did not affect growth, whereas Na(+)-salts and NaCl treatments equally impaired growth in either genotype. Shoot Na(+) and Cl(-) concentrations had markedly increased, whereas shoot K(+) had declined in the NaCl treatments, but both genotypes had similar shoot concentrations of each of these in idual ions after 14 and 28 days of treatments. Genesis836 achieved higher net photosynthetic rate (64-84 % of control) compared with Rupali (35-56 % of control) at equivalent leaf Na(+) concentrations. We conclude that (1) salt sensitivity in chickpea is determined by Na(+) toxicity, and (2) the two contrasting genotypes appear to differ in 'tissue tolerance' of high Na(+). This study provides a basis for focus on Na(+) tolerance traits for future varietal improvement programs for salinity tolerance in chickpea.
Diversified crop rotations enhance groundwater and economic sustainability of food production
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 16-10-2020
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-71250/V1
Abstract: Earth’s water resources are critical for supporting livelihoods and food security but are being increasingly overexploited to support global agriculture. Diversifying cropping systems could potentially resolve unsustainable water use but trade-offs with other aspects of sustainability and food security have not yet been assessed. We perform a detailed meta-analysis to systematically compare 31 different crop rotations in China– in terms of actual evapotranspiration (ETa), effect on groundwater depth, grain yield, economic output, and water use efficiency (WUE) – and identify configurations that can achieve co-benefits across multiple dimensions. We find that a combination of lowering the cropping index (i.e., harvest frequency), incorporating fallow periods, and introducing higher value crops into the currently dominant winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system can reduce growing season ETa by as much as 31%, mitigate groundwater decline by 19% or more, and increased economic output and economic WUE by more than 11% and 3%, respectively. We also find that multiple ersified wheat-maize–based rotations– all with rotation lengths greater than two years– achieve co-benefits across all evaluated dimensions. This study provides new empirical evidence of the opportunities for ersified crop rotations to balance the multiple objectives of food production, sustainable groundwater use and farmer profitability. Extending this solution to other water-stressed agricultural regions could be an effective strategy in achieving more sustainable food production globally.
Plant photosynthetic responses under drought stress
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-05-2023
DOI: 10.1111/JAC.12652
Abstract: Balanced photosynthesis is essential for improved plant survival and agricultural benefits in terms of biomass and yield. Photosynthesis is the hub of energy metabolism in plants however, drought stress (DS) strongly perturbs photosynthetic efficiency due to biochemical and diffusive limitations that reduce key photosynthetic components and close stomata. This review describes photosynthetic responses, chloroplast retrograde signalling, and genetic imprints that curtail DS damage to photosynthetic machinery. While stomatal closure, disrupted photosynthetic systems, over‐reduced electron transport rates (ETR), partial hindrance of the Calvin cycle, and reduced pigment contents strongly affect the repertoire of photosynthetic processes under DS, chloroplast retrograde signalling also has a plausible role in preserving photosynthetic capacity. Progress in agronomic, genetic engineering approaches and isoprene regulation would help to rescue photosynthetic apparatus under DS.
Silver contamination and its toxicity and risk management in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Fertilizer 15N balance in a soybean–maize–maize rotation system based on a 41-year long-term experiment in Northeast China
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 30-01-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FPLS.2023.1105131
Abstract: Global awareness of the need to enhance crop production and reduce environmental issues associated with nitrogen (N) fertilizer has increased. However, studies on how the N fate changed with manure addition are still limited. To explore efficient fertilization management for an improved grain yield, N recovery efficiency, and reduced N residual in the soil or that unaccounted for, a field 15N micro-plot trial in a soybean–maize–maize rotation was conducted to evaluate the effect of fertilization regimes on soybean and maize yields and the fertilizer N fate in the plant–soil system during 2017–2019 within a 41-year experiment in Northeast China. Treatments included chemical N alone (N), N and phosphorus (NP), N, P, and potassium (NPK), and those combined with manure (MN, MNP, and MNPK). Application of manure increased grain yield, on average, by 153% for soybean (2017) and 105% and 222% for maize (2018 and 2019) compared to no manure, with the highest at MNPK. Crop N uptake and that from labeled 15 N-urea also benefited from manure addition, mainly partitioned to grain, and the average 15 N-urea recovery was 28.8% in the soybean season with a reduction in the subsequent maize seasons (12.6%, and 4.1%). Across the three years, the fertilizer 15 N recovery ranged from 31.2–63.1% (crop) and 21.9–40.5% (0–40 cm soil), with 14.6–29.9% unaccounted for, including N losses. In the two maize seasons, manure addition significantly increased the residual 15 N recovery in crop attributed to the enhancing 15 N remineralization, and reduced that in soil and unaccounted for compared to single chemical fertilizer, with MNPK performing the best. Therefore, applying N, P, and K fertilizers in the soybean season and NPK combined with manure (13.5 t ha –1 ) in the maize seasons is a promising fertilization management strategy in Northeast China and similar regions.
Integrating crop and soil nutrient management for higher wheat grain yield and protein concentration in dryland areas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Iron-Biofortified Lentil under Cadmium Stress
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 31-07-2021
Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxidation products than L4717 at the high Cd level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in response to Cd stress, with significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions (p 0.01). L4717 had remarkably higher catalase (40.5%), peroxidase (43.9%), superoxide dismutase (31.7%), and glutathione reductase (47.3%) activities than JL3 under high Cd conditions. In addition, L4717 sustained better growth in terms of fresh weight and dry weight than JL3 under stress. JL3 exhibited high Cd uptake (14.87 mg g−1 fresh weight) compared to L4717 (7.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). The study concluded that the Fe-biofortified lentil genotype L4717 exhibited Cd tolerance by inciting an efficient antioxidative response to Cd toxicity. Further studies are required to elucidate the possibility of seed Fe content as a surrogacy trait for Cd tolerance.
Spatial-temporal distribution of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots and water use efficiency under ridge–furrow dual mulching
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Winter Flounder “Antifreeze” Proteins: Synthesis and Ice Growth Inhibition of Analogues that Probe the Relative Importance of Hydrophobic and Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-01-1999
DOI: 10.1021/JA9801341
An epidemiological model for externally acquired vector-borne viruses applied to Beet western yellows virus in Brassica napus crops in a Mediterranean-type environment
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/CP09180
Abstract: A hybrid mechanistic/statistical model developed previously to predict vector activity and epidemics of vector-borne viruses was modified to simulate virus epidemics in the Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) – Brassica napus pathosystem. BWYV, which is persistently aphid-borne, spreads to B. napus crops from external sources and causes substantial yield losses when there is widespread infection of young plants. Risk that such losses may occur depends on the magnitude and availability of viral inoculum in the external source, the amount of biomass available to support aphid vectors, its duration before crop emergence, and the time of arrival of vector aphids in the crop. The model uses daily rainfall, temperature, and evaporation data from over 450 sites in the grainbelt of south-western Australia to track biomass levels throughout the growing season. This information is then used to simulate aphid vector populations and virus incidence, initially in the external source environment, then in the crop, and ultimately to provide risk forecasts. The model predicted BWYV spread successfully for 10 of 12 different datasets from 3 years of field observations on B. napus blocks at 4 sites representing different rainfall and geographic zones of the grainbelt. Sensitivity analysis was used to determine the relative importance of the main parameters that describe the pathosystem and to predict which control measures are likely to be useful. An analysis of timing of predictions v. their accuracy was also done to establish optimum timing of forecasts for BWYV epidemics in B. napus crops.
Correction to: Female reproductive organs of Brassica napus are more sensitive than male to transient heat stress
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-07-2021
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), as a thermo-protectant, to improve the reproductive function of heat-stressed mungbean plants
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-05-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-019-44163-W
Abstract: Rising global temperatures are proving to be detrimental for the agriculture. Hence, strategies are needed to induce thermotolerance in food crops to sustain the food production. GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), a non-protein amino acid, can partially protect plants from high-temperature stress. This study hypothesises that declining GABA concentrations in the cells of heat-stressed mungbean plants increases the heat-sensitivity of reproductive function. Mungbean plants were grown in a natural, outdoor environment (29.3/16.1 ± 1 °C as mean day/night temperature, 1350–1550 µmol m −2 s −1 light intensity, 60–65% as mean relative humidity) until the start of the reproductive stage. Subsequently, two temperature treatments were imposed in a controlled environment—control (35/23 °C) and heat stress (45/28 °C)—at about 800 µmol m −2 s −1 light intensity and 65–70% as mean relative humidity, until pod maturity. In heat-stressed (HS) plants, endogenous GABA concentrations in leaf and anther s les had declined by 49 and 60%, respectively, and to a much lesser degree in the plants, exogenously supplemented with 1 mM GABA. The reproductive function of GABA-treated heat-stressed plants improved significantly in terms of pollen germination, pollen viability, stigma receptivity and ovule viability, compared to untreated HS controls. In addition, GABA-treated heat-stressed plants had less damage to membranes, photosynthetic machinery (chlorophyll concentration, chlorophyll fluorescence, RuBisCO activity were functionally normal) and carbon assimilation (sucrose synthesis and its utilisation) than the untreated HS controls. Leaf water status improved significantly with GABA application, including enhanced accumulation of osmolytes such as proline and trehalose due to increase in the activities of their biosynthetic enzymes. GABA-treated heat-stressed plants produced more pods (28%) and seed weight (27%) plant −1 than the untreated controls. This study is the first to report the involvement of GABA in protecting reproductive function in mungbean under heat stress, as a result of improved leaf turgor, carbon fixation and assimilation processes, through the augmentation of several enzymes related to these physiological processes.
Influence of abiotic stresses on disease infestation in plants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Selenium supplementation to lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under combined heat and drought stress improves photosynthetic ability, antioxidant systems, reproductive function and yield traits
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-01-2023
Zeolite increases grain yield and potassium balance in paddy fields
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Resequencing of 429 chickpea accessions from 45 countries provides insights into genome diversity, domestication and agronomic traits
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-04-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41588-019-0401-3
Abstract: We report a map of 4.97 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the chickpea from whole-genome resequencing of 429 lines s led from 45 countries. We identified 122 candidate regions with 204 genes under selection during chickpea breeding. Our data suggest the Eastern Mediterranean as the primary center of origin and migration route of chickpea from the Mediterranean/Fertile Crescent to Central Asia, and probably in parallel from Central Asia to East Africa (Ethiopia) and South Asia (India). Genome-wide association studies identified 262 markers and several candidate genes for 13 traits. Our study establishes a foundation for large-scale characterization of germplasm and population genomics, and a resource for trait dissection, accelerating genetic gains in future chickpea breeding.
Root biomass in the upper layer of the soil profile is related to the stomatal response of wheat as the soil dries
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1071/FP15216
Abstract: Terminal drought is a common abiotic stress affecting wheat yield in Mediterranean-type environments. As terminal drought develops, top layers of the soil profile dry, exposing the upper part of the root system to soil water deficit while deeper roots can still access soil water. Since open stomata rapidly exhausts available soil water, reducing stomatal conductance to prolong availability of soil water during grain filling may improve wheat yields in water-limited environments. It was hypothesised that genotypes with more root biomass in the drying upper layer of the soil profile accumulate more abscisic acid in the leaf and initiate stomatal closure to regulate water use under terminal drought. The wheat cultivar Drysdale and the breeding line IGW-3262 were grown in pots horizontally split into two segments by a wax-coated layer that hydraulically isolated the top and bottom segments, but allowed roots to grow into the bottom segment. Terminal drought was induced from anthesis by withholding water from (i) the top segment only (DW) and (ii) the top and bottom segments (DD) while both segments in well-watered pots (WW) were maintained at 90% pot soil water capacity. Drysdale, initiated stomatal closure earlier than IGW-3262, possibly due to higher signal strength generated in its relatively larger proportion of roots in the drying top segment. The relationship between leaf ABA and stomatal conductance was strong in Drysdale but weak in IGW-3262. Analysis of ABA metabolites suggests possible differences in ABA metabolism between these two genotypes. A higher capability of deeper roots to extract available water is also important in reducing the gap between actual and potential yield.
Assessing variability in root traits of wild Lupinus angustifolius germplasm: Basis for modelling root system structure
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-11-2012
Enhancing sustainable plant production and food security
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Effect of aerated drip irrigation and nitrogen doses on N2O emissions, microbial activity, and yield of tomato and muskmelon under greenhouse conditions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Cimate change and agricultural ecosystem management in dry areas
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/CPV62N6_ED
Dryland field validation of genotypic variation in salt tolerance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) determined under controlled conditions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Neglected and Underutilized Crops
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2023
Development of a simple and effective silver staining protocol for detection of DNA fragments
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-02-2017
Abstract: Silver staining is one of the widely used methods for DNA fragment detection in biological research. Silver staining protocols have been steadily optimized to improve detection efficiency. This research reports a continuous effort to simplify the existing silver staining protocols, lower experiment cost, and improve DNA detection sensitivity and image clarity. The new method only requires three reagents (silver nitrate, sodium hydroxide, and formaldehyde) and 6-7 min with high detection sensitivity to visualize as low as 14.6 pg (3.3 pg/mm
Response of wheat to a multiple species microbial inoculant compared to fertiliser application
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 13-11-2018
Contribution of Proximal and Distal Grains Within Spikelets in Relation to Yield and Yield Components in the Winter Wheat Production Region of China From 1948 to 2012
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-12-2019
Abstract: Grain number and weight within a spikelet are major yield components which determine the grain yield in wheat. The objective of this study was to explore genetic gains in grain performance within wheat spikelets at the in idual grain level and its effect on grain yield and evaluate genetic progress in stem internode length and other yield-related traits. We conducted field experiments across three growing seasons in the western Yellow and Huai Valley of China incorporating 17 bread wheat cultivars released from 1948 to 2012. Yields were significantly correlated with year of release. Yield gains equated to 3.95 g m−2 yr−1 in response to increases in total grain weight per m2 (GW) in proximal (G1 and G2) and distal (G3 and G4) grains, despite a decline in the proportional contribution of proximal grains to yield and increase in the proportional contribution of distal grains to yield with year of release. Grain number per m2 (GN), thousand-grain weight (TGW), and harvest index (HI) increased with year of release, but plant height decreased. Both grain number per spikelet of proximal and distal grain contributed to the increase in total GN. However, the contribution ratio of GN in proximal grains to total GN declined, and the proportion in distal grains increased. Average single grain weight (SGW) increased linearly at G1, G2, G3, and G4 with year of release and contributed to the increase in TGW. The G3 and G4 grain positions had much lower in idual grain weights but increased at a faster rate than G1 and G2. At G1, G2, and G3 grain positions, from bottom to top spikelets, the newly released cultivars had the heaviest grains and the old cultivars had the lightest grains. New cultivars had more spikelets than old cultivars and the number of grains (proximal and distal grains) in the apical spike increased with year of release. The length of five internodes decreased significantly with year of release, more so in the upper than lower internodes, all of which contributed to the decline in plant height. In summary, increasing the number and weight of distal grains could increase grain yield, TGW, and GN.
Water-saving innovations in Chinese agriculture
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2014
Response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties to time of sowing in Mediterranean-type environments of south-western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/EA05091
Abstract: Chickpea has become an important grain legume crop in Australia over the last decade. New varieties with improved seed yield and quality are being developed in Australia with varied phenological and agronomic traits. This study examined the optimum time of sowing of several desi chickpea varieties (Dooen, T1587, Sona and Tyson) varying in phenology over a range of dryland Mediterranean-type environments in south-western Australia. Chickpea showed good adaptation, particularly in the northern grain belt of Western Australia where growing conditions are warmer than southern areas. Seed yields varied widely depending on the time of sowing, location and seasonal conditions. Mean seed yields greater than 1000 kg/ha and up to 2000 kg/ha were achieved, but in some cases seed yields were less than 800 kg/ha. In the northern region, seed yield was almost doubled by sowing in early-May (1625 kg/ha) compared with late-June (754 kg/ha). In contrast to this, seed yields were generally lower in the southern regions and greater from late-June sowings (865 kg/ha) compared to earlier mid-May sowings (610 kg/ha). Seed yields were not clearly increased by altering sowing time to match the phenology of the variety to the growing season rainfall and temperatures, except at the early sowing times (April and early-May) where Tyson out-yielded all other varieties. This is most likely due to the lack of photoperiod-responsive, long-duration varieties to match early sowing and low temperatures limiting vegetative and reproductive growth in all varieties, especially in southern areas. However, it is likely that early flowering varieties will show greater adaptation and yield performance in short growing seasons, while later flowering varieties will be better suited to longer growing seasons. The study found that there were significant differences in the optimum sowing time between northern, central and southern sites, based on differences in mean daily temperatures and length of the growing season. Generally, the greatest seed yields were produced by sowing between mid to late June at southern sites, and early May at central and northern sites.
Regulation of photosynthesis under salt stress and associated tolerance mechanisms
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.PLAPHY.2022.03.003
Abstract: Photosynthesis is crucial for the survival of all living biota, playing a key role in plant productivity by generating the carbon skeleton that is the primary component of all biomolecules. Salinity stress is a major threat to agricultural productivity and sustainability as it can cause irreversible damage to photosynthetic apparatus at any developmental stage. However, the capacity of plants to become photosynthetically active under adverse saline conditions remains largely untapped. This study addresses this discrepancy by exploring the current knowledge on the impact of salinity on chloroplast operation, metabolism, chloroplast ultrastructure, and leaf anatomy, and highlights the dire consequences for photosynthetic machinery and stomatal conductance. We also discuss enhancing photosynthetic capacity by modifying and redistributing electron transport between photosystems and improving photosystem stability using genetic approaches, beneficial microbial inoculations, and root architecture changes to improve salt stress tolerance under field conditions. Understanding chloroplast operations and molecular engineering of photosynthetic genes under salinity stress will pave the way for developing salt-tolerant germplasm to ensure future sustainability by rehabilitating saline areas.
Differential heat sensitivity of two cool‐season legumes, chickpea and lentil, at the reproductive stage, is associated with responses in pollen function, photosynthetic ability and oxidative damage
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-09-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JAC.12433
Recent developments in multi-omics and breeding strategies for abiotic stress tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.)
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-09-2022
Abstract: High-throughput sequencing technologies (HSTs) have revolutionized crop breeding. The advent of these technologies has enabled the identification of beneficial quantitative trait loci (QTL), genes, and alleles for crop improvement. Climate change have made a significant effect on the global maize yield. To date, the well-known omic approaches such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are being incorporated in maize breeding studies. These approaches have identified novel biological markers that are being utilized for maize improvement against various abiotic stresses. This review discusses the current information on the morpho-physiological and molecular mechanism of abiotic stress tolerance in maize. The utilization of omics approaches to improve abiotic stress tolerance in maize is highlighted. As compared to single approach, the integration of multi-omics offers a great potential in addressing the challenges of abiotic stresses of maize productivity.
Maize genotypes with deep root systems tolerate salt stress better than those with shallow root systems during early growth
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-09-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JAC.12437
Responses of winter wheat yield and water productivity to sowing time and plastic mulching in the Loess Plateau
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Evolving gene banks: improving diverse populations of crop and exotic germplasm with optimal contribution selection
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-11-2017
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERW406
Interactive effects of salinity and nitrogen forms on plant growth, photosynthesis and osmotic adjustment in maize
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.PLAPHY.2019.03.005
Abstract: To enhance crop productivity and minimize the harmful effects of various environmental stresses, such as salinity and drought, farmers often use mineral fertilizers. However, inadequate or excessive fertilization can reduce plant growth and nutritive quality and contribute to soil degradation and environmental pollution. This study investigated the effects of salinity (0, 100 or 150 mM NaCl) and nitrogen form (sole NO
The higher relative concentration of K+ to Na+ in saline water improves soil hydraulic conductivity, salt-leaching efficiency and structural stability
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 23-06-2023
Abstract: Abstract. Soil salinity and sodicity caused by saline water irrigation are widely observed globally. Clay dispersion and swelling are influenced by sodium (Na+) concentration and electrical conductivity (EC) of soil solution. Specifically, soil potassium (K+) also significantly affects soil structural stability, but for which concern was rarely addressed in previous studies or irrigation practices. A soil column experiment was carried out to examine the effects of saline water with different relative concentrations of K+ to Na+ (K+ / Na+), including K+ / Na+ of 0:1 (K0Na1), 1:1 (K1Na1) and 1:0 (K1Na0) at a constant EC (4 dS m−1), and deionized water as the control (CK), on soil physicochemical properties. The results indicated that at the constant EC of 4 dS m−1, the infiltration rate and water content were significantly (P .05) affected by K+ / Na+ values, and K0Na1, K1Na1 and K1Na0 significantly (P .05) reduced saturated hydraulic conductivity by 43.62 %, 29.04 % and 18.06 %, respectively, compared with CK. The volumetric water content was significantly (P .05) higher in K0Na1 than CK at both 15 and 30 cm soil depths. K1Na1 and K1Na0 significantly (P .05) reduced the desalination time and required leaching volume. K0Na1 and K1Na1 reached the desalination standard after the fifth and second infiltration, respectively, as K1Na0 did not exceed the bulk electrical conductivity required for the desalination prerequisite throughout the whole infiltration cycle at 15 cm soil layer. Furthermore, due to the transformation of macropores into micropores spurred by clay dispersion, soil total porosity in K0Na1 dramatically decreased compared with CK, and K1Na0 even increased the proportion of soil macropores. The higher relative concentration of K+ to Na+ in saline water was more conducive to soil aggregate stability, alleviating the risk of macropores reduction caused by sodicity.
White Mustard (Sinapis alba L.) Oil in Biodiesel Production
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 02-04-2020
Crop rotation options for dryland agriculture
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Combined ditch buried straw return technology in a ridge–furrow plastic film mulch system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Grain yield responses of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) to applications of fertiliser phosphorus and zinc
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1071/EA99164
Abstract: Seed (grain) yield responses of faba bean (Vicia faba L. cv. Fiord) to applications of fertiliser phosphorus (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 kg P/ha as triple superphosphate) and zinc (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 kg Zn/ha as zinc oxide) were measured in 3 field experiments conducted in 1997 and 1998 on neutral to alkaline soils in south-western Australia. Additions of fertiliser phosphorus significantly (P .001) increased grain yields by about 50 and 100% in 2 experiments, but in the third experiment differences in grain yield due to applications of fertiliser phosphorus were not significant (P .05). Increases in grain yields due to zinc fertiliser were small ( %) and were only significant (P .05) in 1 experiment. This suggests the 3 sites chosen had adequate soil zinc for grain production of faba bean. In 1 experiment the increase in grain yield due to addition of phosphorus fertiliser was due to an increase in the number of pods per plant numbers of seed per pod and mean seed weight were unaffected by additions of phosphorus and zinc fertiliser. Adding phosphorus and zinc fertiliser increased concentrations of both elements in grain, but had no effect on the concentrations of other nutrient elements (N, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Mn, Fe) measured in grain. These findings support results of a previous study in Western Australia indicating that phosphorus is the major nutrient element deficiency for grain production of faba bean in neutral to alkaline soils.
Automated thresholding and analysis of microCT scanned bread dough
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-08-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JMI.12163
Abstract: Computer aided x-ray microtomography is an increasingly popular method to investigate the structure of materials. Continuing improvements in the technique are resulting in increasingly larger data sets. The analysis of these data sets generally involves executing a static workflow for multiple s les and is generally performed manually by researchers. Executing these processes requires a significant time investment. A workflow which is able to automate the activities of the user would be useful. In this work, we have developed an automated workflow for the analysis of microtomography scanned bread dough data sets averaging 5 GB in size. Comparing the automated workflow with the manual workflow indicates a significant amount of the time spent (33% in the case of bread dough) on user interactions in manual method. Both workflows return similar results for porosity and pore frequency distribution. Finally, by implementing an automated workflow, users save the time which would be required to manually execute the workflow. This time can be spent on more productive tasks.
Heat stress in wheat during reproductive and grain-filling phases
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2011
Genotypic Variation in the Concentration of β-N-Oxalyl-l -α,β-diaminopropionic Acid (β-ODAP) in Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Seeds Is Associated with an Accumulation of Leaf
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 29-06-2015
Abstract: Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) cultivation is limited because of the presence in seeds and tissues of the nonprotein amino acid β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP), a neurotoxin that can cause lathyrism in humans. Seven grass pea genotypes differing in seed β-ODAP concentration were grown in pots at three levels of water availability to follow changes in the concentration and amount of β-ODAP in leaves and pods and seeds. The concentration and amount of β-ODAP decreased in leaves in early reproductive development and in pods as they matured, while water stress increased β-ODAP concentration in leaves and pods at these stages. The net amount of β-ODAP in leaves and pods at early podding was positively associated with seed β-ODAP concentration at maturity. We conclude that variation among genotypes in seed β-ODAP concentration results from variation in net accumulation of β-ODAP in leaves and pods during vegetative and early reproductive development.
Salicylic acid enhances nickel stress tolerance by up-regulating antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in mustard plants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2019.05.042
Abstract: The present study identified inverse relationships between nickel (Ni) levels and growth, photosynthesis and physio-biochemical attributes, but increasing levels of Ni stress enhanced methylglyoxal, electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide, and lipid peroxidation content. Exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) (10
24-epibrassinolide increases growth, grain yield and β-ODAP production in seeds of well-watered and moderately water-stressed grass pea
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-06-2015
Comparative transcriptome analyses for metribuzin tolerance provide insights into key genes and mechanisms restoring photosynthetic efficiency in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.YGENO.2021.02.004
Abstract: Weeds are the biggest threat to cropping system sustainability in wheat. Metribuzin is a versatile herbicide for broad-spectrum weed management. Understanding key genes, mechanisms and functional markers are essential to develop higher metribuzin tolerant wheats. We identified Chuan Mai 25 (tolerant) and Ritchie (susceptible) as contrasting genotypes to metribuzin stress through dose-response analyses. Transcriptome sequencing using NovaSeq 6000 RNA-Seq platform identified a total of 77,443 genes 59,915 known genes and 17,528 novel genes. The functional enrichment analysis at 0 h, 24 h and 60 h herbicide exposure revealed that endogenous increase of metabolic enzymes, light-harvesting chlorophyll proteins, PSII stability factor HCF136 and glucose metabolism conferred metribuzin tolerance. The validation of DEGs using RT-qPCR and QTL mapping confirmed their responsiveness to metribuzin. Transcription factors MYB, AP2-EREBP, ABI3VP1, bHLH, NAC are significantly expressed during metribuzin stress. Transcripts with significant enrichments revealed 114 SSRs for genomic selection. The master regulators provide promising avenues for enhancing metribuzin tolerance.
Wheat cultivars with small root length density in the topsoil increased post-anthesis water use and grain yield in the semi-arid region on the Loess Plateau
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
‘Omics’ approaches in developing combined drought and heat tolerance in food crops
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-07-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S00299-021-02742-0
Abstract: Global climate change will significantly increase the intensity and frequency of hot, dry days. The simultaneous occurrence of drought and heat stress is also likely to increase, influencing various agronomic characteristics, such as biomass and other growth traits, phenology, and yield-contributing traits, of various crops. At the same time, vital physiological traits will be seriously disrupted, including leaf water content, canopy temperature depression, membrane stability, photosynthesis, and related attributes such as chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll fluorescence. Several metabolic processes contributing to general growth and development will be restricted, along with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that negatively affect cellular homeostasis. Plants have adaptive defense strategies, such as ROS-scavenging mechanisms, osmolyte production, secondary metabolite modulation, and different phytohormones, which can help distinguish tolerant crop genotypes. Understanding plant responses to combined drought/heat stress at various organizational levels is vital for developing stress-resilient crops. Elucidating the genomic, proteomic, and metabolic responses of various crops, particularly tolerant genotypes, to identify tolerance mechanisms will markedly enhance the continuing efforts to introduce combined drought/heat stress tolerance. Besides agronomic management, genetic engineering and molecular breeding approaches have great potential in this direction.
Beneficial elements in plants
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2023
Quantitative Trait Loci for Heat Stress Tolerance in Brassica rapa L. Are Distributed across the Genome and Occur in Diverse Genetic Groups, Flowering Phenologies and Morphotypes
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-02-2022
Abstract: Heat stress events during flowering in Brassica crops reduce grain yield and are expected to increase in frequency due to global climate change. We evaluated heat stress tolerance and molecular genetic ersity in a global collection of Brassica rapa accessions, including leafy, rooty and oilseed morphotypes with spring, winter and semi-winter flowering phenology. Tolerance to transient daily heat stress during the early reproductive stage was assessed on 142 lines in a controlled environment. Well-watered plants of each genotype were exposed to the control (25/15 °C day/night temperatures) or heat stress (35/25 °C) treatments for 7 d from the first open flower on the main stem. Bud and leaf temperature depression, leaf conductance and chlorophyll content index were recorded during the temperature treatments. A large genetic variation for heat tolerance and sensitivity was found for above-ground biomass, whole plant seed yield and harvest index and seed yield of five pods on the main stem at maturity. Genetic ersity was assessed on 212 lines with 1602 polymorphic SNP markers with a known location in the B. rapa physical map. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed two major genetic populations: one from East and South Asia and one from Europe. Heat stress-tolerant lines were distributed across erse geographic origins, morphotypes (leafy, rooty and oilseed) and flowering phenologies (spring, winter and semi-winter types). A genome-wide association analysis of heat stress-related yield traits revealed 57 SNPs distributed across all 10 B. rapa chromosomes, some of which were associated with potential candidate genes for heat stress tolerance.
Heat-stress-induced reproductive failures in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) are associated with impaired sucrose metabolism in leaves and anthers
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/FP13082
Abstract: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), in its reproductive stage, is sensitive to heat stress (32/20°C or higher as day/night temperatures) with consequent substantial loss of potential yields at high temperatures. The physiological mechanisms associated with reproductive failures have not been established: they constitute the basis of this study. Here, we initially screened a large core-collection of chickpea against heat stress and identified two heat-tolerant (ICC15614, ICCV. 92944) and two heat-sensitive (ICC10685, ICC5912) genotypes. These four genotypes were sown during the normal time of sowing (November–March) and also late (February–April) to expose them to heat stress during reproductive stage ( /20°C). The genotypes were assessed for damage by heat stress to the leaves and reproductive organs using various indicators of stress injury and reproductive function. In the heat-stressed plants, phenology accelerated as days to flowering and podding, and biomass decreased significantly. The significant reduction in pod set (%) was associated with reduced pollen viability, pollen load, pollen germination (in vivo and in vitro) and stigma receptivity in all four genotypes. Heat stress inhibited pollen function more in the sensitive genotypes than in the tolerant ones, and consequently showed significantly less pod set. Heat stress significantly reduced stomatal conductance, leaf water content, chlorophyll, membrane integrity and photochemical efficiency with a larger effect on heat-sensitive genotypes. Rubisco (carbon-fixing enzyme) along with sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS) (sucrose-synthesising enzymes) decreased significantly in leaves due to heat stress leading to reduced sucrose content. Invertase, a sucrose-cleaving enzyme, was also inhibited along with SPS and SS. The inhibition of these enzymes was significantly greater in the heat-sensitive genotypes. Concurrently, the anthers of these genotypes had significantly less SPS and SS activity and thus, sucrose content. As a result, pollen had considerably lower sucrose levels, resulting in reduced pollen function, impaired fertilisation and poor pod set in heat-sensitive genotypes.
Characterization of 'QTL-hotspot' introgression lines reveals physiological mechanisms and candidate genes associated with drought adaptation in chickpea
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-08-2022
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERAC348
Abstract: ‘QTL-hotspot’ is a genomic region on linkage group 04 (CaLG04) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) that harbours major-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for multiple drought-adaptive traits, and it therefore represents a promising target for improving drought adaptation. To investigate the mechanisms underpinning the positive effects of ‘QTL-hotspot’ on seed yield under drought, we introgressed this region from the ICC 4958 genotype into five elite chickpea cultivars. The resulting introgression lines (ILs) and their parents were evaluated in multi-location field trials and semi-controlled conditions. The results showed that the ‘QTL-hotspot’ region improved seed yield under rainfed conditions by increasing seed weight, reducing the time to flowering, regulating traits related to canopy growth and early vigour, and enhancing transpiration efficiency. Whole-genome sequencing data analysis of the ILs and parents revealed four genes underlying the ‘QTL-hotspot’ region associated with drought adaptation. We validated diagnostic KASP markers closely linked to these genes using the ILs and their parents for future deployment in chickpea breeding programs. The CaTIFY4b-H2 haplotype of a potential candidate gene CaTIFY4b was identified as the superior haplotype for 100-seed weight. The candidate genes and superior haplotypes identified in this study have the potential to serve as direct targets for genetic manipulation and selection for chickpea improvement.
β-Conglutins’ Unique Mobile Arm Is a Key Structural Domain Involved in Molecular Nutraceutical Properties of Narrow-Leafed Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-04-2023
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS24087676
Abstract: Narrow-leafed lupin (NLL Lupinus angustifolius L.) has multiple nutraceutical properties that may result from unique structural features of β-conglutin proteins, such as the mobile arm at the N-terminal, a structural domain rich in α-helices. A similar domain has not been found in other vicilin proteins of legume species. We used affinity chromatography to purify recombinant complete and truncated (without the mobile arm domain, tβ5 and tβ7) forms of NLL β5 and β7 conglutin proteins. We then used biochemical and molecular biology techniques in ex vivo and in vitro systems to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant capacity. The complete β5 and β7 conglutin proteins decreased pro-inflammatory mediator levels (e.g., nitric oxide), mRNA expression levels (iNOS, TNFα, IL-1β), and the protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, interleukins (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, IL-27), and other mediators (INFγ, MOP, S-TNF-R1/-R2, and TWEAK), and exerted a regulatory oxidative balance effect in cells as demonstrated in glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase assays. The truncated tβ5 and tβ7 conglutin proteins did not have these molecular effects. These results suggest that β5 and β7 conglutins have potential as functional food components due to their anti-inflammatory and oxidative cell state regulatory properties, and that the mobile arm of NLL β-conglutin proteins is a key domain in the development of nutraceutical properties, making NLL β5 and β7 excellent innovative candidates as functional foods.
First Report of Bituminaria Witches'-Broom in Australia Caused by a 16SrII Phytoplasma
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 02-2011
Abstract: Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) Stirt. is a perennial legume known as Arabian pea that is used as a forage in arid areas and for stabilization of degraded soils. It is widely distributed in the Mediterranean Basin with wider adaptation across the Canary Islands (4). In July 2010, during a survey for phytoplasma, some Canary Island B. bituminosa plants with typical phytoplasma symptoms, including stunted growth with small leaves, shortened internodes, and bushy growth, were found in seed multiplication nurseries at Medina, Perth, Western Australia (115°48.5′E 32°13.2′S). Two s les from plants with clear disease symptoms and two visibly healthy plants were collected and total DNA was extracted with the Illustra DNA extraction kit Phytopure (GE Healthcare) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Direct and nested PCR were used to test the presence of phytoplasma 16S rDNA in s les with universal primers P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2, respectively (1,3). The PCR lifications from all diseased s les yielded an expected product of 1.8 kb by direct and 1.2 kb by nested PCR, but not from the healthy plant s les. The direct PCR product was used as a template DNA in sequencing and the DNA sequence was deposited in the NCBI GenBank (Accession No. HQ404357). Sequence homology analysis indicated there was a perfect match between the two isolates. BLAST search of the NCBI GenBank revealed that B. bituminosa phytoplasma shares % sequence identity with Crotalaria witches'-broom phytoplasma (Accession No. EU650181.1), pear decline phytoplasma (Accession No. EF656453.1), and Scaevola witches'-broom phytoplasma (Accession No. AB257291.1). On the basis of BLAST analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences, B. bituminosa phytoplasma in Western Australia appears to belong to the peanut witches'-broom group (16SrII-D) of phytoplasma. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was also performed on nested PCR products of two s les of B. bituminosa phytoplasma by separate digestion with HaeIII, Hind6I, HpaII, MboI, RsaI, Tru9I, and T-HB8I restriction enzymes. S les yielded patterns similar to alfalfa witches'-broom phytoplasma (Accession No. AF438413) belonging to subgroup 16SrII-D (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a phytoplasma of the 16SrII-D group infecting B. bituminosa in Australia and should be referred to as “Bituminaria witches'-broom phytoplasma” (BiWB). This report also indicates that the occurrence of the phytoplasma in B. bituminosa may be widespread in the Canary Islands and other species of Bituminaria might be susceptible to infection by Bituminaria witches'-broom phytoplasma. References: (1) D. E. Gundersen and I.-M. Lee. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144, 1996. (2) A. J. Khan et al. Phytopathology 92:1038, 2002. (3) I.-M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54:337, 2004. (4) P. Mendez et al. Grassland Sci. Eur. 11:300, 2006.
Effect of organic manure and fertilizer on soil water and crop yields in newly-built terraces with loess soils in a semi-arid environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Photosynthesis of barley awns does not play a significant role in grain yield under terminal drought
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/CP11256
Abstract: In order to determine the importance of awn photosynthesis on grain yield under terminal drought, six two-rowed cultivars of barley representing high yielding commercial releases from 1961 to 2006 were studied in a glasshouse experiment at CSIRO, Western Australia. The cultivars were grown with and without watering from anthesis. Detailed measurements of plant water status, awn, flag and penultimate leaf photosynthetic rate were made from anthesis. At final harvest, biomass, yield and yield components were measured. Awn net photosynthesis rate (Pn) was lower than penultimate and flag leaf and decreased gradually after anthesis. The rate of decreasing Pn was rapid under terminal drought. There was no difference in awn Pn among cultivars under well-watered conditions, but under terminal drought the awn Pn of barley cultivars Baudin and Clipper decreased faster than Vlaming, Gairdner and Stirling. Surface area of awns in each cultivar was higher than the flag and penultimate leaf. Thus, total awn photosynthesis under both well-watered and terminal drought conditions was higher than flag leaf photosynthesis. In Vlaming, total awn photosynthesis was higher than penultimate leaf photosynthesis. Grain yield of the cultivars Baudin, Covette and Gairdner was affected by terminal drought, but grain yield did not correlate with awn total photosynthesis. Under well-watered conditions awn Pn had a significant negative correlation with ear weight. We suggest that under terminal drought, higher awn area does not lead to higher grain yield because sink size may be the factor limiting grain yield in barley.
Impacts of land use conversion on the response of soil respiration to precipitation in drylands
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Soil hydrothermal modeling in a dry alpine agricultural zone
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Response of soil microbial community parameters to plastic film mulch
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Genotypic Variation in Yield, Yield Components, Root Morphology and Architecture, in Soybean in Relation to Water and Phosphorus Supply
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 29-08-2017
Phosphorus Supply Increases Internode Length and Leaf Characteristics, and Increases Dry Matter Accumulation and Seed Yield in Soybean under Water Deficit
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-05-2021
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) addition ameliorates the adverse effects of water stress on the seed yield of soybean (Glycine max L.). Previous studies focused on the effect of P on root traits, but little information is available on changes to aboveground traits. In this paper, we show how P addition affects shoot traits and reduces the adverse effects of water stress on the yield. Two soybean genotypes, with contrasting aboveground architectures, were grown in pots to compare the canopy architecture, leaf traits, aboveground dry matter accumulation and yield under two water and three P levels. The addition of P to two soybean genotypes, one with a larger number of branches and greater leaf area on the branches than the other, showed that the increased leaf area distribution on the main stem and branches was associated with increased shoot and root dry weights, which were positively correlated with the number of filled pods, seed number and seed yield and negatively correlated with seed size at maturity under well-watered and cyclic water stress treatments. The leaf P concentration at 65 DAS (flowering stage) and leaf photosynthesis measured shortly after re-watering increased with P addition, while the leaf mass area on the main stem at 65 DAS and maturity and on the branches at maturity increased modestly with P supply and water stress. Evidence is presented that P addition can ameliorate the adverse effects of water stress on yield through increased leaf area, leaf function and aboveground shoot production. We conclude that the increased yields of soybean resulting from increased P and water supplies that were previously shown to be associated with increased root growth and function are mediated through increased shoot growth and function, particularly the greater number of sites for pod production.
ABA-mediated stomatal response in regulating water use during the development of terminal drought in wheat
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 18-07-2017
Comparative effect of drought duration on growth, photosynthesis, water relations, and solute accumulation in wild and cultivated barley species
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-03-2016
An experimental investigation of the erosion process and morphological characteristics of the tile-back type slope with non-uniform slopes based on a 3D reconstruction method
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2022.116558
Abstract: Tile-back type slopes comprise ephemeral gullies (EGs) and hillslopes they are a unique and widely distributed micro-landform in the Loess Plateau region of China. Gully erosion from these landforms is a serious issue, but the micro-landform makes the erosion process and its estimation complex. Quantifying soil erosion processes and their distribution characteristics at different positions on tile-back type slopes will provide a clearer picture for ecological restoration to control further soil degradation. This study investigated the erosion process of tile-back type slope with non-uniform slopes using a 3D photo-reconstruction method during eight successive simulated rainfall events. The results showed that EG erosion began with a chain of intermittent headcuts. When the accumulated rainfall reached 76 mm, serious collapses dramatically increased the amount of sediment by 216% after the first rainfall (cumulative rainfall was about 15 mm). We quantified the sediment contribution of EG erosion (46.20%), rill erosion (35.62%), and inter-rill erosion (18.18%) to total soil loss. The erosion area of the steep slope section and extremely steep slope section accounted for 33.26% and 66.74% of the total erosion area, respectively. Moreover, sediment amounts significantly correlated with morphological parameters, particularly the amount of EG erosion and maximum gully depth, with a correlation coefficient of 0.98. Cumulative gully length and erosion area had the greatest effect on rill erosion, with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. These results provide insight into the qualitative and quantitative understanding of EG erosion process on Loess Plateau of China and an important reference for the rational arrangement of EG control measures.
Temporal and spatial changes of soil erosion under land use and land cover change based on Chinese soil loss equation in the typical watershed on the Loess Plateau
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-12-2023
DOI: 10.1111/SUM.12863
Abstract: Land use and land cover change (LULCC) directly affect the temporal and spatial change of soil erosion. As a typical governance watershed in the hilly and gully area of the Loess Plateau, the Jiuyuangou watershed has experienced significant LULCC in the past 10 years due to conversion of farmland to forests, economic construction, and cropland abandonment. However, the evolution process of soil erosion change and LULCC in the watershed is unclear, as is the relationship between the two. This study used satellite images to extract information on LULCC in the watershed and the Chinese soil loss equation (CSLE) model to evaluate the temporal and spatial evolution of soil erosion in the watershed from 2010 to 2020. The main results showed that (1) the continuous vegetation restoration project in the watershed reduced soil erosion from 2010 to 2015 however, the increased frequency of extreme rainfall events after 2015 reduced its impact. The annual average soil erosion modulus decreased from 10.85 t ha −1 year −1 in 2010 to 8.03 t ha −1 year −1 in 2015 but then increased to 10.57 t ha −1 year −1 in 2020 (2) the main land use and land cover (LULC) type in the Jiuyuangou watershed is grassland, accounting for 62% of the total area, followed by forestland, cropland, buildings, and water. Cropland has the largest multi‐year average soil erosion modulus, followed by grassland and buildings, with forestland having the smallest (3) significant spatial correlations occurred between soil erosion change and LULCC for common ‘no change’ and common ‘gain’ in the settlements, roads, and areas near the human influences with good soil and water conservation, but not other regions due to the influence of climatic factors (heavy rain events). Thus, we should repair terraces, control dams in the watershed, and actively conserve water and soil. This study provides a scientific reference for planning and managing water and soil conservation and ecological environment construction in the watershed.
Role of phytohormones in regulating cold stress tolerance: Physiological and molecular approaches for developing cold-smart crop plants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Film Mulching with Low Phosphorus Application Improves Soil Organic Carbon and Its Decomposability in a Semiarid Agroecosystem
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-06-2022
DOI: 10.3390/AGRICULTURE12060816
Abstract: Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and decomposability are crucial for soil quality. Film mulching and phosphorus (P) application are important agricultural practices on the semiarid Loess Plateau. This study analyzed the combined effects of film mulching and P application on SOC, its fractions, and mineralization kinetics under alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The six-year field experiment incorporated randomized blocks of split-plot design with two mulching treatments (no film mulching with flat planting and film mulching with ridges and furrows) as main plots and four P levels (P0: 0 kg ha−1, P1: 9.73 kg ha−1, P2: 19.3 kg ha−1, P3: 28.9 kg ha−1) as subplots. Mulching increased SOC content, SOC fractions (light and heavy fraction organic C, microbial biomass C, and dissolved organic C), and mineralization. After six years, mulching increased SOC content by 2.18, 2.60, 2.37, and 0.17 g kg−1 at P0, P1, P2, and P3, relative to no mulching. With increasing P levels, SOC fractions and mineralization increased under no mulching but increased initially and then decreased under mulching. P1 with mulching displayed the highest SOC utilization efficiency and stability. Kinetic models ided SOC into an active and a slow SOC pool, with the latter showing the lowest decomposability and highest stability in P1 with mulching. Overall, film mulching with a low P level, especially 11.9 kg ha−1 P fertilizer, promoted SOC storage under alfalfa on the semiarid Loess Plateau due to the high SOC content with high C utilization efficiency and stability and low decomposability.
Chemical priming enhances plant tolerance to salt stress
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 07-09-2022
Abstract: Salt stress severely limits the productivity of crop plants worldwide and its detrimental effects are aggravated by climate change. Due to a significant world population growth, agriculture has expanded to marginal and salinized regions, which usually render low crop yield. In this context, finding methods and strategies to improve plant tolerance against salt stress is of utmost importance to fulfill food security challenges under the scenario of the ever-increasing human population. Plant priming, at different stages of plant development, such as seed or seedling, has gained significant attention for its marked implication in crop salt-stress management. It is a promising field relying on the applications of specific chemical agents which could effectively improve plant salt-stress tolerance. Currently, a variety of chemicals, both inorganic and organic, which can efficiently promote plant growth and crop yield are available in the market. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the promising roles of erse molecules/compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), molecular hydrogen, nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), melatonin, chitosan, silicon, ascorbic acid (AsA), tocopherols, and trehalose (Tre) as potential primers that enhance the salinity tolerance of crop plants.
Salt sensitivity in chickpea
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-03-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.2009.02051.X
Abstract: The growth of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is very sensitive to salinity, with the most susceptible genotypes dying in just 25 mm NaCl and resistant genotypes unlikely to survive 100 mm NaCl in hydroponics germination is more tolerant with some genotypes tolerating 320 mm NaCl. When growing in a saline medium, Cl(-), which is secreted from glandular hairs on leaves, stems and pods, is present in higher concentrations in shoots than Na(+). Salinity reduces the amount of water extractable from soil by a chickpea crop and induces osmotic adjustment, which is greater in nodules than in leaves or roots. Chickpea rhizobia show a higher 'free-living' salt resistance than chickpea plants, and salinity can cause large reductions in nodulation, nodule size and N(2)-fixation capacity. Recent screenings of erse germplasm suggest significant variation of seed yield under saline conditions. Both dominance and additive gene effects have been identified in the effects of salinity on chickpea and there appears to be sufficient genetic variation to enable improvement in yield under saline conditions via breeding. Selections are required across the entire life cycle with a range of rhizobial strains under salt-affected, preferably field, conditions.
Albinism does not correlate with biparental inheritance of plastid DNA in interspecific hybrids in Cicer species
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.PLANTSCI.2011.01.003
Abstract: Cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum) was crossed with its wild relatives from the genus Cicer to transfer favorable genes from the wider gene pool into the cultivar. Post-hybridization barriers led to yellowing and subsequent senescence from as early as 5 days after fertilization, however, the ovules of hybrid embryos could be rescued in vitro. Hybrids were classified as green, partially green or albino. The hybrid status of regenerated plantlets in vitro was confirmed by lification of nuclear DNA markers. To check whether chloroplast development correlated with plastid DNA inheritance in these crosses, primers were designed using conserved plastid gene sequences from wild and cultivated species. All three possible plastid inheritance patterns were observed: paternal, maternal and biparental. This is the first report of biparental inheritance of plastid DNA in Cicer. No correlation was observed between parental origin of the plastid genome and degree of albinism, indicating that chloroplast development in hybrid genotypes was mostly influenced by nuclear factors.
Metabolomics and Molecular Approaches Reveal Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-08-2021
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS22179108
Abstract: Metabolic regulation is the key mechanism implicated in plants maintaining cell osmotic potential under drought stress. Understanding drought stress tolerance in plants will have a significant impact on food security in the face of increasingly harsh climatic conditions. Plant primary and secondary metabolites and metabolic genes are key factors in drought tolerance through their involvement in erse metabolic pathways. Physio-biochemical and molecular strategies involved in plant tolerance mechanisms could be exploited to increase plant survival under drought stress. This review summarizes the most updated findings on primary and secondary metabolites involved in drought stress. We also examine the application of useful metabolic genes and their molecular responses to drought tolerance in plants and discuss possible strategies to help plants to counteract unfavorable drought periods.
Climate change in south-west Australia and north-west China: challenges and opportunities for crop production
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/CP10372
Abstract: Predictions from climate simulation models suggest that by 2050 mean temperatures on the Loess Plateau of China will increase by 2.5 to 3.75°C, while those in the cropping region of south-west Australia will increase by 1.25 to 1.75°C. By 2050, rainfall is not expected to change on the Loess Plateau of China, while in south-west Australia rainfall is predicted to decrease by 20 to 60 mm. The frequency of heat waves and dry spells is predicted to increase in both regions. The implications of rising temperatures are an acceleration of crop phenology and a reduction in crop yields, greater risk of reproductive failure from extreme temperatures, and greater risk of crop failure. The reduction in yield from increased phenological development can be countered by selecting longer-season cultivars and taking advantage of warmer minimum temperatures and reduced frost risk to plant earlier than with current temperatures. Breeding for tolerance of extreme temperatures will be necessary to counter the increased frequency of extreme temperatures, while a greater emphasis on breeding for increased drought resistance and precipitation-use efficiency will lessen the impact of reduced rainfall. Management options likely to be adopted in south-west Australia include the introduction of drought-tolerant perennial fodder species and shifting cropping to higher-rainfall areas. On the Loess Plateau of China, food security is paramount so that an increased area of heat-tolerant and high-yielding maize, mulching with residues and plastic film, better weed and pest control and strategic use of supplemental irrigation to improve rainfall-use efficiency are likely to be adopted.
Zeolite alleviates potassium deficiency and improves lodging-related stem morphological characteristics and grain yield in rice
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 21-06-2021
DOI: 10.1071/CP21017
Abstract: Zeolite is an abundant potassium (K)-rich silicate mineral that could increase K supply to plants. Potassium deficiency causes lodging problems and yield reductions in paddy fields in China. However, it is unknown whether zeolite amendments alleviate K deficiency or enhance lodging-related stem morphology characteristics in rice. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of zeolite amendment (0, 5 and 10 t ha–1) and K application (0, 30 and 60 kg ha–1) on rice grain yield, stem morphology, and K nutrient status in soil and plant tissues. In both years zeolite and K application, alone or in combination, significantly increased grain yield, mainly through increased number of panicles per plant with zeolite application and number of spikelets per panicle with K application. In the top 30 cm soil layer, zeolite amendment increased cation exchange capacity by up to 31% and available K by up to 38%. Zeolite or K application alone significantly increased stem, leaf and panicle K concentrations. Zeolite promoted K allocation to rice stems, and improved stem morphology associated with lodging index. In both years, zeolite or K application alone increased stem diameter, dry weight linear density and the breaking resistance moment by up to 7.0%, 8.3% and 16%, respectively, and decreased the stem lodging index by up to 6.7%. In summary, zeolite is an alternative source of K fertiliser and can alleviate K deficiency in paddy fields in China and elsewhere.
Role of Phytohormones in Regulating Heat Stress Acclimation in Agricultural Crops
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-04-2022
Association mapping of drought tolerance and agronomic traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-10-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12870-021-03272-3
Abstract: Asian cultivars were predominantly represented in global rice panel selected for sequencing and to identify novel alleles for drought tolerance. Diverse genetic resources adapted to Indian subcontinent were not represented much in spite harboring useful alleles that could improve agronomic traits, stress resilience and productivity. These rice accessions are valuable genetic resource in developing rice varieties suited to different rice ecosystem that experiences varying drought stress level, and at different crop stages. A core collection of rice germplasm adapted to Southwestern Indian peninsular genotyped using SSR markers and characterized by contrasting water regimes to associate genomic regions for physiological, root traits and yield related traits. Genotyping-By-Sequencing of selected accessions within the erse panel revealed haplotype variation in genic content within genomic regions mapped for physiological, morphological and root traits. Diverse rice panel (99 accessions) were evaluated in field and measurements on plant physiological, root traits and yield related traits were made over five different seasons experiencing varying drought stress intensity at different crop stages. Traits like chlorophyll stability index, leaf rolling, days to 50% flowering, chlorophyll content, root volume and root biomass were identified as best predictors of grain yield under stress. Association mapping revealed genetic variation among accessions and revealed 14 genomic targets associated with different physiological, root and plant production traits. Certain accessions were found to have beneficial allele to improve traits, plant height, root length and spikelet fertility, that contribute to the grain yield under stress. Genomic characterization of eleven accessions revealed haplotype variation within key genomic targets on chromosomes 1, 4, 6 and 11 for potential use as molecular markers to combine drought avoidance and tolerance traits. Genes mined within the genomic QTL intervals identified were prioritized based on tissue specific expression level in publicly available rice transcriptome data. The genetic and genomic resources identified will enable combining traits with agronomic value to optimize yield under stress and hasten trait introgression into elite cultivars. Alleles associated with plant height, specific leaf area, root length from PTB8 and spikelet fertility and grain weight from PTB26 can be harnessed in future rice breeding program.
Root physiology and morphology of soybean in relation to stress tolerance
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2022
Legume crops use a phosphorus-mobilising strategy to adapt to low plant-available phosphorus in acidic soil in southwest China
Publisher: Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Date: 30-10-2023
Female reproductive organs of Brassica napus are more sensitive than male to transient heat stress
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-05-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S10681-021-02859-Z
Abstract: Oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.) is sensitive to heat stress during the reproductive stage, but it is not clear whether the male and female reproductive organs differ in their sensitivity to heat stress. In this study, full diallel crossing experiments were conducted among four genotypes of B. napus under control, moderate and high heat stress conditions for five days immediately before and two days after crossing. General combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal effects were analyzed to evaluate the genetic basis of heat stress tolerance in male and female reproductive organs. High female temperature (Tf) and high male temperature (Tm) reduced the number of fertile pods and seeds set per floret, and the significant Tf × Tm interaction indicated that female reproductive organs were more sensitive to heat stress than male reproductive organs. There were no overall GCA, SCA or reciprocal effects across all combinations of Tf and Tm. However, a significant reciprocal × Tf effect was found, suggesting that genotypes differed in their ability to set fertile pods and seeds as Tf increased. The relative heat tolerance of G1 as a female increased as Tf increased, and the relative heat tolerance of G2 as a male decreased as Tf increased. In summary, reciprocal diallel crossing has demonstrated that female reproductive organs of B. napus are more sensitive than male to transient heat stress at the early flowering stage, and genotypes differ in relative heat tolerance in the male and female reproductive organs as Tf increases.
Influence of rice straw biochar on growth, antioxidant capacity and copper uptake in ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) grown as forage in aged copper-contaminated soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.PLAPHY.2019.02.021
Abstract: Copper (Cu) contamination in agricultural soil poses severe threats to living organisms, and possible ecofriendly solutions need to be considered for Cu immobilization, such as using biochar. A pot study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of biochar derived from rice straw (RSB) at various application rates (0, 2.5, 5 and 10% w/w) to mitigate possible risks of Cu solubility and its uptake by ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) as forage. The plant growth parameters as well as soil chemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity and cation exchange capacity) notably improved with the increasing RSB application. Moreover, prominent reduction was observed in soil bioavailable Cu concentration by 96% with RSB application of 10% relative to control. In addition, Cu content in B. nivea roots, leaves and stems decreased by 60, 28 and 22%, respectively, for 10% RSB application. It was noted that chlorophyll content and gas exchange parameters in leaves were significantly higher at 10% RSB application than in control. Furthermore, 10% RSB resulted in a greater reduction in oxidative stress from the Cu in soil. Thus, soil amendment with RSB demonstrated positive results for Cu stabilization in aged Cu-contaminated soil, thereby reducing its accumulation and translocation in B. nivea and mitigating livestock feed security risks.
The Microbiomes in Lichen and Moss Biocrust Contribute Differently to Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles in Arid Ecosystems
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-07-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S00248-022-02077-7
Abstract: Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are distributed in arid and semiarid regions across the globe. Microorganisms are an essential component in biocrusts. They add and accelerate critical biochemical processes. However, little is known about the functional genes and metabolic processes of microbiomes in lichen and moss biocrust. This study used shotgun metagenomic sequencing to compare the microbiomes of lichen-dominated and moss-dominated biocrust and reveal the microbial genes and metabolic pathways involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling. The results showed that Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Acidobacteria were more abundant in moss biocrust than lichen biocrust, while Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria were more abundant in lichen biocrust than moss biocrust. The relative abundance of carbohydrate-active enzymes and enzymes associated with carbon and nitrogen metabolism differed significantly between microbiomes of the two biocrust types. However, in the microbial communities of both biocrust types, respiration pathways dominated over carbon fixation pathways. The genes encoding carbon monoxide dehydrogenase were more abundant than those encoding ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) involved in carbon fixation. Similarly, metabolic N-pathway ersity was dominated by nitrogen reduction, followed by denitrification, with nitrogen fixation the lowest proportion. Gene ersity involved in N cycling differed between the microbiomes of the two biocrust types. Assimilatory nitrate reduction genes had higher relative abundance in lichen biocrust, whereas dissimilatory nitrate reduction genes had higher relative abundance in moss biocrust. As dissolved organic carbon and soil organic carbon are considered the main drivers of the community structure in the microbiome of biocrust, these results indicate that biocrust type has a pivotal role in microbial ersity and related biogeochemical cycling.
Salinity and low phosphorus differentially affect shoot and root traits in two wheat cultivars with contrasting tolerance to salt
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-08-2018
Abstract: Soil salinity and phosphorus (P) deficiency both have adverse effects on crop growth and productivity, but the interaction of soil salinity and P deficiency is not well known. Two P-inefficient wheat cultivars, Janz (salinity-tolerant) and Jandaroi (salinity-sensitive), grown in soil in rhizoboxes, were treated with either 100 µM P (control), 100 mM NaCl (saline stress), 10 µM P (low P stress), or both NaCl and low P (combined stress), from 10 days after sowing (DAS) until harvest at 40 DAS. Significant reductions in leaf area, shoot and root biomass, tissue water and chlorophyll contents, gas exchange, and K+ and P acquisition at harvest were observed in the three treatments. The reduction was greater for low P supply than for salinity alone, but their interaction was not additive. The detrimental effects on root growth became apparent 10 days earlier in Jandaroi compared to Janz. Root length, root number, root length densities, and root number densities were higher in the upper 10 cm soil layer than in the lower layers for both cultivars. This study demonstrated that 10 µM P is more detrimental than 100 mM NaCl for shoot and root growth of both wheat cultivars irrespective of their difference in salinity tolerance.
Soil phosphorus supply affects nodulation and N:P ratio in 11 perennial legume seedlings
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/CP11229
Abstract: Developing new perennial pasture legumes for low-P soils is a priority for Australian Mediterranean agro-ecosystems, where soil P availability is naturally low. As legumes tend to require higher P inputs than non-legumes, the ability of these plants to fix N2 under varying soil P levels must be determined. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of soil P supply on plant N status and nodule formation in 11 perennial legumes, including some novel pasture species. We investigated the effect of applying soil P, ranging from 0 to 384 μg P/g dry soil, on plant N status and nodulation in a glasshouse. Without exogenous P supply, shoot N concentration and N : P ratio were higher than at 6 μg P/g soil. Shoot N concentration and N : P ratio then changed little with further increase in P supply. There was a close positive correlation between the number of nodules and shoot P concentration in 7 of the 11 species. Total nodule dry weight and the percentage of plant dry weight that consisted of nodules increased when P supply increased from 6 to 48 μg P/g. Without exogenous P addition, N : P ratios partitioned into a two-group distribution, with species having a N : P ratio of either or g/g. We suggest that plants with a high N : P ratio may take up N from the soil constitutively, while those with a low N : P ratio may regulate their N uptake in relation to internal P concentration. The flexibility of the novel pasture legumes in this study to adjust their leaf N concentrations under different levels of soil P supplements other published evidence of good growth and high P uptake and P-use efficiency under low soil P supply and suggests their potential as pasture plants in low-P soils in Australian Mediterranean agro-ecosystems warrants further attention.
Wheat and white lupin differ in root proliferation and phosphorus use efficiency under heterogeneous soil P supply
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/CP10386
Abstract: Heterogeneity of soil nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P), is widespread in modern agriculture due to increased adoption of no-till farming, but P-use efficiency and related physiological processes in plants grown in soils with variable distribution of nutrients are not well documented. In a glasshouse column experiment, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) were subjected to 50 mg P/kg at 7–10 cm depth (hotspot P) or 5 mg P/kg in the whole profile (uniform P), with both treatments receiving the same amount of P. Measurements were made of plant growth, gas exchange, P uptake, and root distribution. Plants with hotspot P supply had more biomass and P content than those with uniform P supply. The ratios of hotspot to uniform P supply for shoot parameters, but not for root parameters, were lower in L. albus than wheat, indicating that L. albus was better able than wheat to acquire and utilise P from low-P soil. Cluster roots in L. albus were enhanced by low shoot P concentration but suppressed by high shoot P concentration. Soil P supply decreased root thickness and the root-to-shoot ratio in wheat but had little effect on L. albus. The formation of cluster roots in low-P soil and greater proliferation and surface area of roots in the localised, P-enriched zone in L. albus than in wheat would increase plant P use in heterogeneous soils. L. albus also used proportionally less assimilated carbon than wheat for root growth in response to soil P deficiency. The comparative advantage of each strategy by wheat and L. albus for P-use efficiency under heterogeneous P supply may depend on the levels of P in the enriched v. low-P portions of the root-zone and other soil constraints such as water, nitrogen, or potassium supply.
Accumulation of zinc, iron and selenium in wheat as affected by phosphorus supply in salinised condition
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 08-03-2022
DOI: 10.1071/CP21267
Abstract: Biofortification of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) in crops could be affected by environmental factors such as soil salinity and phosphorus supply levels, as well as by the genotypic effect. Two pot experiments were conducted with one examined the effects of P supply and salinity on plant growth and Zn, Fe and Se uptake in wheat, and the other examined genotypic differences in Zn, Fe and Se accumulation among 20 wheat genotypes. The results of the first pot study showed significant interactive effects between P supply and salinity on Zn, Fe and Se accumulation. Increasing salinity at the same P supply level increased shoot Zn concentrations, but significantly decreased total shoot Zn amount owing to decreased aboveground biomass. An increased accumulation of total shoot Fe and Se in P-added treatments, relative to the no-P treatments, was mainly due to increased aboveground biomass. The results of the second pot study showed substantial genotypic variations in Zn, Fe and Se accumulation principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that agronomic traits and nutrient accumulation were controlled by independent genetic mechanisms. These results indicated that the amount of P supply is a key factor regulating biomass and accumulation of Zn, Fe and Se in certain saline soils the sizable genotypic difference in Zn, Fe and Se accumulation observed in salinised conditions has provided potential scope for genetic improvement by breeding strategies.
Narbon bean (Vicia narbonensis L)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1071/EA9960053
Abstract: The phenology, growth, seed yield and yield components of a number of introduced narbon bean (Vicia narbonensis L.) accessions and F9 breeding lines were compared with faba bean (Vicia faba L. cv. Fiord) or field pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Dundale) at 3 sites in 2 seasons. All narbon bean accessions had slow development, for ex le all accessions reached 50% flowering 9-35 days later than faba bean or field pea depending on the accession, site and season. Dry matter production near flowering ranged from 1.0 to 2.3 tlha and the growth of the best accessions was comparable with faba bean. In general, the accession ATC 60114 collected in the Beka'a Valley, Lebanon, produced the greatest seed yield across the sites and seasons (on average 1.52 t/ha). In 1993, the best narbon bean accession produced seed yields that ranged from 59% of the faba bean seed yield at the wettest site to 121% at the driest site. In the following year, one of the driest in decades, 6 accessions produced seed yields of more than 1.0 t/ha, similar to field pea. Seed yield was negatively correlated with days to flowering, podding and maturity, suggesting that yield could be improved by selecting for more rapid development. Most accessions retained the majority of their leaves at maturity, but showed some degree of pod shattering and a moderate level of lodging at maturity. Genotypic variation in all these characters was evident. Further selection and breeding, together with appropriate agronomic packages will improve the adaptation of narbon bean to mediterranean-type environments of southern Australia. However, the adoption of narbon bean in Australian agriculture will depend on its marketability and acceptance by the stockfeed industry, and its on-farm utility.
Improving cold tolerance and insect resistance in chickpea and the use of AFLPs for the identification of molecular markers for these traits
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 08-1998
Using sorghum to suppress weeds in autumn planted maize
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Community-based self-help groups in agriculture
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2020
Supplementary Calcium Restores Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Growth and Photosynthetic Capacity Under Low Nocturnal Temperature
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 21-01-2020
Traditional rice cultivation in Kerala
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2020
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses alleviating salt stress in maize is associated with a decline in root-to-leaf gradient of Na+/K+ ratio
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-10-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12870-021-03237-6
Abstract: Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has the potential to alleviate salt stress in host plants through the mitigation of ionic imbalance. However, inoculation effects vary, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Two maize genotypes (JD52, salt-tolerant with large root system, and FSY1, salt-sensitive with small root system) inoculated with or without AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae were grown in pots containing soil amended with 0 or 100 mM NaCl (incrementally added 32 days after sowing, DAS) in a greenhouse. Plants were assessed 59 DAS for plant growth, tissue Na + and K + contents, the expression of plant transporter genes responsible for Na + and/or K + uptake, translocation or compartmentation, and chloroplast ultrastructure alterations. Under 100 mM NaCl, AM plants of both genotypes grew better with denser root systems than non-AM plants. Relative to non-AM plants, the accumulation of Na + and K + was decreased in AM plant shoots but increased in AM roots with a decrease in the shoot: root Na + ratio particularly in FSY1, accompanied by differential regulation of ion transporter genes (i.e., ZmSOS1 , ZmHKT1 , and ZmNHX ). This induced a relatively higher Na + efflux (recirculating) rate than K + in AM shoots while the converse outcoming (higher Na + influx rate than K + ) in AM roots. The higher K + : Na + ratio in AM shoots contributed to the maintenance of structural and functional integrity of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells. AM symbiosis improved maize salt tolerance by accelerating Na + shoot-to-root translocation rate and mediating Na + /K + distribution between shoots and roots.
Remobilisation of carbon and nitrogen supports seed filling in chickpea subjected to water deficit
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1071/AR00018
Abstract: In the Mediterranean-type environment of south-western Australia, pod filling of chickpea occurs when net photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation is low as a result of the onset of terminal drought. Remobilisation of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from vegetative parts to developing seed may be an important alternative source of C and N for seed filling. The contribution of stored pre-podding C and N to seed filling was studied by labelling the vegetative tissues with the stable isotopes, 13C and 15N, prior to podding and following their subsequent movement to the seed. In ICCV88201, an advanced desi breeding line, 9% of the C and 67% of the N in the seed were derived from pre-podding C and N in well-watered plants compared with 13% of the seed C and 88% of the seed N in water-stressed plants. Furthermore, the contribution of pre-podding C and N was higher for earlier set compared with later set seeds. Pre-podding C and N were derived predominantly from the leaves with relatively little from the stems, roots, and pod walls. Genotypic variation in remobilisation ability was identified in contrasting desi (Tyson) and kabuli (Kaniva) cultivars. In well-watered Tyson, 9% of the seed C and 85% of the seed N were remobilised from vegetative tissues compared with 7% of the seed C and 62% of seed N in well-watered Kaniva. Water deficit decreased the amount of C remobilised by 3% in Tyson compared with 66% in Kaniva, whereas the total amount of N remobilised was decreased by 11% in Tyson and 48% in Kaniva. This was related to the maintenance of greater sink strength in Tyson, in which the number of filled pods was reduced by 66% in stressed plants compared with a 91% decrease in Kaniva. This indicates that better drought tolerance in desi genotypes is partly a consequence of better remobilisation and higher pod number. These studies show that C and N assimilated prior to podding can supplement the supply of current assimilates to the filling seed in both well-watered and water-stressed chickpea. Remobilisation of pre-podding N is an essential source of N for seed filling irrespective of environmental stress.
Integrating genomics for chickpea improvement
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-04-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-020-03584-2
Abstract: Integration of genomic technologies with breeding efforts have been used in recent years for chickpea improvement. Modern breeding along with low cost genotyping platforms have potential to further accelerate chickpea improvement efforts. The implementation of novel breeding technologies is expected to contribute substantial improvements in crop productivity. While conventional breeding methods have led to development of more than 200 improved chickpea varieties in the past, still there is le scope to increase productivity. It is predicted that integration of modern genomic resources with conventional breeding efforts will help in the delivery of climate-resilient chickpea varieties in comparatively less time. Recent advances in genomics tools and technologies have facilitated the generation of large-scale sequencing and genotyping data sets in chickpea. Combined analysis of high-resolution phenotypic and genetic data is paving the way for identifying genes and biological pathways associated with breeding-related traits. Genomics technologies have been used to develop diagnostic markers for use in marker-assisted backcrossing programmes, which have yielded several molecular breeding products in chickpea. We anticipate that a sequence-based holistic breeding approach, including the integration of functional omics, parental selection, forward breeding and genome-wide selection, will bring a paradigm shift in development of superior chickpea varieties. There is a need to integrate the knowledge generated by modern genomics technologies with molecular breeding efforts to bridge the genome-to-phenome gap. Here, we review recent advances that have led to new possibilities for developing and screening breeding populations, and provide strategies for enhancing the selection efficiency and accelerating the rate of genetic gain in chickpea.
Biochemical and Metabolic Changes in Arsenic ContaminatedBoehmeria niveaL.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1155/2016/1423828
Abstract: Arsenic (As) is identified by the EPA as the third highest toxic inorganic contaminant. Almost every 9th or 10th human in more than 70 countries including mainland China is affected by As. Arsenic along with other toxins not only affects human life but also creates alarming situations such as the deterioration of farm lands and desertion of industrial/mining lands. Researchers and administrators have agreed to opt for phytoremediation of As over costly cleanups. Boehmeria nivea L. can soak up various heavy metals, such as Sb, Cd, Pb, and Zn. But the effect of As pollution on the biology and metabolism of B. nivea has been somewhat overlooked. This study attempts to evaluate the extent of As resistance, chlorophyll content, and metabolic changes in As-polluted (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg L −1 As) B. nivea in hydroponics. Toxic effects of As in the form of inhibited growth were apparent at the highest level of added As. The significant changes in the chlorophyll, electrolyte leakage, and H 2 O 2 , significant increases in As in plant parts, catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA), with applied As revealed the potential of B. nivea for As decontamination. By employing the metabolic machinery of B. nivea , As was sustainably removed from the contaminated areas.
Breeding More Crops in Less Time: A Perspective on Speed Breeding
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-02-2022
Abstract: Breeding crops in a conventional way demands considerable time, space, inputs for selection, and the subsequent crossing of desirable plants. The duration of the seed-to-seed cycle is one of the crucial bottlenecks in the progress of plant research and breeding. In this context, speed breeding (SB), relying mainly on photoperiod extension, temperature control, and early seed harvest, has the potential to accelerate the rate of plant improvement. Well demonstrated in the case of long-day plants, the SB protocols are being extended to short-day plants to reduce the generation interval time. Flexibility in SB protocols allows them to align and integrate with erse research purposes including population development, genomic selection, phenotyping, and genomic editing. In this review, we discuss the different SB methodologies and their application to hasten future plant improvement. Though SB has been extensively used in plant phenotyping and the pyramiding of multiple traits for the development of new crop varieties, certain challenges and limitations h er its widespread application across erse crops. However, the existing constraints can be resolved by further optimization of the SB protocols for critical food crops and their efficient integration in plant breeding pipelines.
Screening wild progenitors of wheat for salinity stress at early stages of plant growth: insight into potential sources of variability for salinity adaptation in wheat
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1071/CP17418
Abstract: Wild relatives of wheat have served as a pool of genetic variation for understanding salinity tolerance mechanisms. Two separate experiments were performed to evaluate the natural ersity in root and shoot Na+ exclusion and K+ accumulation, and the activity of four antioxidant enzymes within an extensive collection of ancestral wheat accessions. In the initial screening experiment, salinity stress (300 mm NaCl) significantly increased Na+ concentration in roots and leaves and led to a significant decline in root and shoot fresh weights, dry weights, and K+ contents. Principal component analysis of the 181 accessions and 12 species identified three first components accounted for 63.47% and 78.55% of the variation under salinity stress. We identified 12 accessions of each species with superior tolerance to salinity for further assessment of their antioxidant defence systems in response to salinity. Both mild (250 mm NaCl) and severe (350 mm NaCl) levels of salinity significantly increased activities of four enzymes, indicating an enhanced antioxidant-scavenging system for minimising the damaging effects of H2O2. Some of the wild relatives—Aegilops speltoides (putative B genome), Ae. caudata (C genome), Ae. cylindrica (DC genome) and Triticum boeoticum (Ab genome)—responded to salinity stress by increasing antioxidants as the dominant mechanism to retain oxidative balance in cells. Further evaluation of salt-tolerance mechanisms in these superior wild relatives will help us to understand the potential of wheat progenitors in the development of more salt-tolerant varieties.
Comparative analysis of miRNA expression profiles between heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive genotypes of flowering chinese cabbage under heat stress using high-throughput sequencing
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-02-2020
Abstract: Heat stress disturbs cellular homeostasis, thus usually impairs yield of flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica c estris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in plant responses to different stresses by modulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. However, the roles that miRNAs and their target genes may play in heat tolerance of flowering Chinese cabbage remain poorly characterized. The current study sequenced six small RNA libraries generated from leaf tissues of flowering Chinese cabbage collected at 0, 6, and 12 h after 38 °C heat treatment, and identified 49 putative novel miRNAs and 43 known miRNAs that differentially expressed between heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive flowering Chinese cabbage. Among them, 14 novel and nine known miRNAs differentially expressed only in the heat-tolerant genotype under heat-stress, therefore, their target genes including disease resistance protein TAO1-like, RPS6, reticuline oxidase-like protein, etc. might play important roles in enhancing heat-tolerance. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that targets of these differentially expressed miRNAs may play key roles in responses to temperature stimulus, cell part, cellular process, cell, membrane, biological regulation, binding, and catalytic activities. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis identified their important functions in signal transduction, environmental adaptation, global and overview maps, as well as in stress adaptation and in MAPK signaling pathways such as cell death. These findings provide insight into the functions of the miRNAs in heat stress tolerance of flowering Chinese cabbage.
Ridge-furrow mulching systems - an innovative approach for boosting crop productivity in semiarid rain-fed environments
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
Proteomic responses to progressive dehydration stress in leaves of chickpea seedlings
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-07-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12864-020-06930-2
Abstract: Chickpea is an important food legume crop with high protein levels that is widely grown in rainfed areas prone to drought stress. Using an integrated approach, we describe the relative changes in some physiological parameters and the proteome of a drought-tolerant (MCC537, T) and drought-sensitive (MCC806, S) chickpea genotype. Under progressive dehydration stress, the T genotype relied on a higher relative leaf water content after 3 and 5 d (69.7 and 49.3%) than the S genotype (59.7 and 40.3%) to maintain photosynthetic activities and improve endurance under stress. This may have been facilitated by greater proline accumulation in the T genotype than the S genotype (14.3 and 11.1 μmol g − 1 FW at 5 d, respectively). Moreover, the T genotype had less electrolyte leakage and lower malondialdehyde contents than the S genotype under dehydration stress, indicating greater membrane stability and thus greater dehydration tolerance. The proteomic analysis further confirmed that, in response to dehydration, the T genotype activated more proteins related to photosynthesis, stress response, protein synthesis and degradation, and gene transcription and signaling than the S genotype. Of the time-point dependent proteins, the largest difference in protein abundance occurred at 5 d, with 29 spots increasing in the T genotype and 30 spots decreasing in the S genotype. Some of the identified proteins—including RuBisCo, ATP synthase, carbonic anhydrase, psbP domain-containing protein, L-ascorbate peroxidase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, elongation factor Tu, zinc metalloprotease FTSH 2, ribonucleoproteins and auxin-binding protein—may play a functional role in drought tolerance in chickpea. This study highlights the significance of genotype- and time-specific proteins associated with dehydration stress and identifies potential resources for molecular drought tolerance improvement in chickpea.
Development of near-isogenic lines targeting a major QTL on 3AL for pre-harvest sprouting resistance in bread wheat
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1071/CP17423
Abstract: Resistance to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most valuable traits in many breeding programs. However, the quantitative nature of inheritance of PHS resistance challenges the study of this trait. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) can turn a complicated quantitative trait into a Mendelian factor (qualitative) and are, therefore, valuable materials for identification of the gene(s) responsible for a specific phenotypic trait and for functional studies of specific loci. Five pairs of NILs were developed and confirmed for a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) located on the long arm of chromosome 3A contributing to PHS resistance in wheat. These NILs were generated by using the heterogeneous inbred family method and a fast generation-cycling system. Significant differences in PHS resistance between the isolines were detected in the NILs. The presence of the PHS-resistance allele from the resistant parent increased resistance to sprouting on spikes by 26.7–96.8%, with an average of 73.8%, and increased seed dormancy by 36.9–87.2%, with an average of 59.9% across the NILs. These NILs are being used for the identification of candidate genes responsible for this major PHS-resistance locus on wheat chromosome arm 3AL.
Drought stress in plants: an overview
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2012
Reproductive fitness in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under drought stress is associated with root length and volume
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2022
Matching NPK fertilization to summer rainfall for improved wheat production and reduced environmental cost
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Neglecting legumes has compromised human health and sustainable food production
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-08-2016
Abstract: The United Nations declared 2016 as the International Year of Pulses (grain legumes) under the banner 'nutritious seeds for a sustainable future'. A second green revolution is required to ensure food and nutritional security in the face of global climate change. Grain legumes provide an unparalleled solution to this problem because of their inherent capacity for symbiotic atmospheric nitrogen fixation, which provides economically sustainable advantages for farming. In addition, a legume-rich diet has health benefits for humans and livestock alike. However, grain legumes form only a minor part of most current human diets, and legume crops are greatly under-used. Food security and soil fertility could be significantly improved by greater grain legume usage and increased improvement of a range of grain legumes. The current lack of coordinated focus on grain legumes has compromised human health, nutritional security and sustainable food production.
Plant photosynthesis under heat stress
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Crop root systems and rhizosphere interactions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2019
Dynamic within-season irrigation scheduling for maize production in Northwest China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Grain yield and water use efficiency of early maturing wheat in low rainfall Mediterranean environments
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1997
DOI: 10.1071/A96080
Abstract: Wheat cultivars with very early maturities appropriate for late sowings in low-rainfall ( mm) short-season environments are currently unavailable to wheat growers in the eastern margin of the cropping region of Western Australia. A demonstration that very early-maturing genotypes can out-perform current commercial cultivars would open new opportunities for breeding programs to select very early-maturing, high- and stable-yielding cultivars for these environments. Six field experiments were conducted over 4 seasons at 2 low-rainfall sites in Western Australia to investigate crop growth, grain yield, and water use efficiency of very early-maturing genotypes compared with current commercial cultivars when sown after 1 June. Very early-maturing genotypes reached anthesis up to 24 days (328 degree-days) earlier than the current cultivars, produced less leaves, had similar yields and dry matter, and maintained high water use efficiencies. On average across seasons and locations the very early-maturing genotypes (W87–022–511, W87–114–549, W87–410–509) yielded more than the later maturing cultivars Gamenya and Spear (190 v. 160 g/m2) but they were similar to the early-maturing commercial cultivars Kulin and Wilgoyne (191 g/m2). Very early-maturing genotypes generally had a higher harvest index and produced fewer spikelets, but heavier and more grains, than Kulin and Wilgoyne. There were only small differences in total water use between very early-maturing genotypes and commercial cultivars however, very early-maturing genotypes used less water in the pre-anthesis period and more water in the post-anthesis period than the later maturing genotypes, and hence, experienced less water deficit during the grain-filling period. This study indicates that there is a role for very early-maturing genotypes in low-rainfall short-season environments, when the first autumn rains arrive late (after 1 June).
Selenium biofortification in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris): Farmers' field survey and genotype×environment effect
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Characterization of Root and Shoot Traits in Wheat Cultivars with Putative Differences in Root System Size
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-2018
Salt-Tolerance in Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.) Is Associated with Thicker Roots and Better Tissue K+/Na+ Distribution
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-08-2021
DOI: 10.3390/AGRICULTURE11090821
Abstract: Soil salinity is a serious threat to agriculture worldwide. Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is an in-demand oilseed crop containing 40–60% highly valued oil in its seeds. It is moderately sensitive to salinity. Two glasshouse experiments were conducted to assess plant growth and ion tissue distribution in different castor bean genotypes under various salt stress conditions to explore their potential for cultivation on saline land. Experiment 1 evaluated the response of five castor bean genotypes to four salt treatments (0, 50, 100, or 150 mM NaCl) up to 91 days after sowing (DAS). Experiment 2 further evaluated two genotypes selected from Experiment 1 in 1 m deep PVC tubes exposed to 0, 100, or 200 mM NaCl treatment for 112 DAS (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 showed that salt addition (particularly 150 mM NaCl) reduced plant height, stem diameter, shoot and root dry weights, photosynthetic traits, and leaf K+/Na+ ratio while increasing the leaf Na+ concentration of castor bean plants. Two genotypes, Zibo (Chinese variety) and Freo (Australian wild type), were more salt-tolerant than the other tested genotypes. In Experiment 2, salt-stressed Zibo flowered earlier than the control, while flowering time of Freo was not influenced by salt stress. The 200 mM NaCl treatment reduced the total root length and increased the average root diameter of both Zibo and Freo compared to the control. In addition, the 200 mM NaCl treatment significantly decreased total leaf area, chlorophyll content, and shoot and root dry weight of both castor bean genotypes by 50%, 10.6%, 53.1%, and 59.4%, respectively, relative to the control. In contrast, the 100 mM NaCl treatment did not significantly affect these traits, indicating that both genotypes tolerated salt stress up to 100 mM NaCl. In general, Freo had greater salt tolerance than Zibo, due to its higher average root diameter, lower Na+ concentration, and higher K+/Na+ ratio in young leaves under salt conditions. In conclusion, genotype Freo is recommended for cultivation in saline soils and could be used to breed high-yielding and salt-tolerant castor bean genotypes.
Effect of cold stress on photosynthetic traits, carbohydrates, morphology, and anatomy in nine cultivars of stevia rebaudiana
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 28-09-2018
Root architecture alteration of narrow-leafed lupin and wheat in response to soil compaction
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
Plant nanobionics: Fortifying food security via engineered plant productivity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Light grazing of crop residues by sheep in a Mediterranean-type environment has little impact on following no-tillage crops
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
Allelopathy and abiotic stress interaction in crop plants
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 18-09-2013
Allelopathy and crop nutrition
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 18-09-2013
Evaluating the bias effects of rooting depth and cryogenic vacuum extraction to quantify root water uptake patterns in deep-rooted apple trees
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Cool-season grain legume improvement in Australia—use of genetic resources
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/CP13071
Abstract: The cool-season grain legume industry in Australia, comprising field pea (Pisum sativum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris Medik.), and narrow-leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), has emerged in the last 40 years to occupy a significant place in cropping systems. The development of all major grain legume crops—including field pea, which has been grown for over 100 years—has been possible through large amounts of genetic resources acquired and utilised in breeding. Initially, several varieties were released directly from these imports, but the past 25 years of grain legume breeding has recombined traits for adaptation and yield for various growing regions. Many fungal disease threats have been addressed through resistant germplasm, with varying successes. Some threats, e.g. black spot in field pea caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. and Blox.) Vestergr., require continued exploration of germplasm and new technology. The arrival of ascochyta blight in chickpea in Australia threatened to destroy the chickpea industry of southern Australia, but thanks to resistant germplasm, it is now on its way to recovery. Many abiotic stresses including drought, heat, salinity, and soil nutritional toxicities continue to challenge the expansion of the grain legume area, but recent research shows that genetic variation in the germplasm may offer new solutions. Just as the availability of genetic resources has been key to successfully addressing many challenges in the past two decades, so it will assist in the future, including adapting to climate change. The acquisition of grain legume germplasm from overseas is a direct result of several Australians who fostered collaborations leading to new collection missions enriching the germplasm base for posterity.
Drought and heat stress-related proteins
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-04-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-019-03331-2
Abstract: We describe here the recent developments about the involvement of erse stress-related proteins in sensing, signaling, and defending the cells in plants in response to drought or/and heat stress. In the current era of global climate drift, plant growth and productivity are often limited by various environmental stresses, especially drought and heat. Adaptation to abiotic stress is a multigenic process involving maintenance of homeostasis for proper survival under adverse environment. It has been widely observed that a series of proteins respond to heat and drought conditions at both transcriptional and translational levels. The proteins are involved in various signaling events, act as key transcriptional activators and saviors of plants under extreme environments. A detailed insight about the functional aspects of erse stress-responsive proteins may assist in unraveling various stress resilience mechanisms in plants. Furthermore, by identifying the metabolic proteins associated with drought and heat tolerance, tolerant varieties can be produced through transgenic/recombinant technologies. A large number of regulatory and functional stress-associated proteins are reported to participate in response to heat and drought stresses, such as protein kinases, phosphatases, transcription factors, and late embryogenesis abundant proteins, dehydrins, osmotins, and heat shock proteins, which may be similar or unique to stress treatments. Few studies have revealed that cellular response to combined drought and heat stresses is distinctive, compared to their in idual treatments. In this review, we would mainly focus on the new developments about various stress sensors and receptors, transcription factors, chaperones, and stress-associated proteins involved in drought or/and heat stresses, and their possible role in augmenting stress tolerance in crops.
Combined tillage: A management strategy to improve rainfed maize tolerance to extreme events in northwestern China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Agricultural Innovation and the Protection of Traditional Rice Varieties
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 08-01-2020
Genome-wide identification and development of InDel markers in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) using RAD-seq
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2022
The conversion of tropical forests to rubber plantations accelerates soil acidification and changes the distribution of soil metal ions in topsoil layers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Effects of water management with plastic film in a semi-arid agricultural system on available soil carbon fractions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
Identification of Novel Quantitative Trait Nucleotides and Candidate Genes for Bacterial Wilt Resistance in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing and Multi-Locus Genome-Wide Association Studies
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 21-10-2021
Abstract: Tobacco bacterial wilt (TBW) is a devastating soil-borne disease threatening the yield and quality of tobacco. However, its genetic foundations are not fully understood. In this study, we identified 126,602 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 94 tobacco accessions using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and a 94.56 KB linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay rate for candidate gene selection. The population structure analysis revealed two subpopulations with 37 and 57 tobacco accessions. Four multi-locus genome-wide association study (ML-GWAS) approaches identified 142 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) in E1–E4 and the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), explaining 0.49–22.52% phenotypic variance. Of these, 38 novel stable QTNs were identified across at least two environments/methods, and their alleles showed significant TBW-DI differences. The number of superior alleles associated with TBW resistance for each accession ranged from 4 to 24 eight accessions had more than 18 superior alleles. Based on TBW-resistant alleles, the five best cross combinations were predicted, including MC133 × Ruyuan No. 1 and CO258 × ROX28. We identified 52 candidate genes around 38 QTNs related to TBW resistance based on homologous functional annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis, e.g., CYCD3 , BSK1 , Nitab4.5_0000641g0050 , Nitab4.5_0000929g0030 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study to identify QTNs, superior alleles, and their candidate genes for breeding TBW-resistant tobacco varieties. The results provide further insight into the genetic architecture, marker-assisted selection, and functional genomics of TBW resistance, improving future breeding efforts to increase crop productivity.
Crosstalk between brassinosteroid signaling, ROS signaling and phenylpropanoid pathway during abiotic stress in plants: Does it exist?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Zeolite enhances phosphorus accumulation, translocation, and partitioning in rice under alternate wetting and drying
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Pulse production in Australia past, present and future
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1997
DOI: 10.1071/EA96068
Abstract: Summary. Several cool- and warm-season pulse crops (grain legumes) are grown in rotation with cereals and pasture forming sustainable farming systems in Australia. Australian pulse production has increased rapidly over the past 25 years to about 2 x 106 t/year, mainly because of the increase in the area and yield of lupin production for stockfeed purposes. Pulses currently comprise only 10% of the cropping areas of Australia and this could be expanded to 16% as there are large areas of soil types suitable for a range of pulse crops and new better-adapted pulse varieties are becoming available. Cool-season pulses will continue to dominate pulse production in Australia and the majority of the expansion will probably come from chickpea and faba bean industries. There appears to be no major constraint to pulse production in Australia that cannot be addressed by breeders, agronomists and farmers. Of the current major pulse crops, field pea faces the most number of difficulties, in particular the lack of disease management options. A recent strategic plan of the Australian pulse industry predicts the production of 4 x 106 t/year by 2005 but this will largely depend upon export demand and pulse prices. It is predicted that the growth in pulse production will come from increased productivity in the existing areas, from 1.0 to 1.4 t/ha, through improvements in crop management and the development of superior varieties. The area of pulse production will also expand by an additional 1.2 x 106 ha probably yielding 1.0 t/ha. If trends in grazing stock prices continue, the increased area under pulse production will mostly come at the expense of those areas under unimproved pasture and continuous cereal cropping.
Plastic mulching significantly improves soil enzyme and microbial activities without mitigating gaseous N emissions in winter wheat-summer maize rotations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Grain legume species in low rainfall Mediterranean-type environments .1. Phenology and seed yield
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1997
Historical genetic responses of yield and root traits in winter wheat in the yellow-Huai-Hai River valley region of China due to modern breeding (1948–2012)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-10-2019
Wheat Proteomics for Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Root System Architecture: Current Status and Future Prospects
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-05-2022
DOI: 10.3390/PROTEOMES10020017
Abstract: Wheat is an important staple cereal for global food security. However, climate change is h ering wheat production due to abiotic stresses, such as heat, salinity, and drought. Besides shoot architectural traits, improving root system architecture (RSA) traits have the potential to improve yields under normal and stressed environments. RSA growth and development and other stress responses involve the expression of proteins encoded by the trait controlling gene/genes. Hence, mining the key proteins associated with abiotic stress responses and RSA is important for improving sustainable yields in wheat. Proteomic studies in wheat started in the early 21st century using the two-dimensional (2-DE) gel technique and have extensively improved over time with advancements in mass spectrometry. The availability of the wheat reference genome has allowed the exploration of proteomics to identify differentially expressed or abundant proteins (DEPs or DAPs) for abiotic stress tolerance and RSA improvement. Proteomics contributed significantly to identifying key proteins imparting abiotic stress tolerance, primarily related to photosynthesis, protein synthesis, carbon metabolism, redox homeostasis, defense response, energy metabolism and signal transduction. However, the use of proteomics to improve RSA traits in wheat is in its infancy. Proteins related to cell wall biogenesis, carbohydrate metabolism, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, and transportation are involved in the growth and development of several RSA traits. This review covers advances in quantification techniques of proteomics, progress in identifying DEPs and/or DAPs for heat, salinity, and drought stresses, and RSA traits, and the limitations and future directions for harnessing proteomics in wheat improvement.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in HSP17.8 and Their Association with Agronomic Traits in Barley
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-02-2013
Surfactant-enhanced mobilization of persistent organic pollutants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2022.130189
Abstract: This review aims to provide an overview of the sources and reactions of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and surfactants in soil and sediments, the surfactant-enhanced solubilisation of POPs, and the unintended consequences of surfactant-induced remediation of soil and sediments contaminated with POPs. POPs include chemical compounds that are recalcitrant to natural degradation through photolytic, chemical, and biological processes in the environment. POPs are potentially toxic compounds mainly used in pesticides, solvents, pharmaceuticals, or industrial applications and pose a significant and persistent risk to the ecosystem and human health. Surfactants can serve as detergents, wetting and foaming compounds, emulsifiers, or dispersants, and have been used extensively to promote the solubilization of POPs and their subsequent removal from environmental matrices, including solid wastes, soil, and sediments. However, improper use of surfactants for remediation of POPs may lead to unintended consequences that include toxicity of surfactants to soil microorganisms and plants, and leaching of POPs, thereby resulting in groundwater contamination.
Contaminant containment for sustainable remediation of persistent contaminants in soil and groundwater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Salt stress proteins in plants
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 16-12-2022
Abstract: Salinity stress is considered the most devastating abiotic stress for crop productivity. Accumulating different types of soluble proteins has evolved as a vital strategy that plays a central regulatory role in the growth and development of plants subjected to salt stress. In the last two decades, efforts have been undertaken to critically examine the genome structure and functions of the transcriptome in plants subjected to salinity stress. Although genomics and transcriptomics studies indicate physiological and biochemical alterations in plants, it do not reflect changes in the amount and type of proteins corresponding to gene expression at the transcriptome level. In addition, proteins are a more reliable determinant of salt tolerance than simple gene expression as they play major roles in shaping physiological traits in salt-tolerant phenotypes. However, little information is available on salt stress-responsive proteins and their possible modes of action in conferring salinity stress tolerance. In addition, a complete proteome profile under normal or stress conditions has not been established yet for any model plant species. Similarly, a complete set of low abundant and key stress regulatory proteins in plants has not been identified. Furthermore, insufficient information on post-translational modifications in salt stress regulatory proteins is available. Therefore, in recent past, studies focused on exploring changes in protein expression under salt stress, which will complement genomic, transcriptomic, and physiological studies in understanding mechanism of salt tolerance in plants. This review focused on recent studies on proteome profiling in plants subjected to salinity stress, and provide synthesis of updated literature about how salinity regulates various salt stress proteins involved in the plant salt tolerance mechanism. This review also highlights the recent reports on regulation of salt stress proteins using transgenic approaches with enhanced salt stress tolerance in crops.
The Effect of Grain Position on Genetic Improvement of Grain Number and Thousand Grain Weight in Winter Wheat in North China
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 07-02-2018
Elevated CO2 reduced floret death in wheat under warmer average temperatures and terminal drought
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 20-11-2015
WUSCHEL-related homeobox family genes in rice control lateral root primordium size
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 30-12-2022
Abstract: In recent years, phenotypic plasticity has received attention for improving plant adaptability to variable environments. For more than half a century, it has been known that rice and cereal plants develop different types of lateral roots (LRs), unlike the dicot model plant Arabidopsis . Despite the importance of plastic LR development under variable water conditions, the molecular mechanisms regulating LR types are unknown. Here, we report the regulatory mechanism of LR primordium size in rice, an important determinant of LR type. We identified two WUSCHEL -related homeobox (WOX) transcription factors that opposingly regulate LR primordium size. Our findings form the basis for improving root phenotypic plasticity for sustainable crop production under variable environments.
Sensitivity of chickpea and faba bean to root-zone hypoxia, elevated ethylene, and carbon dioxide
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-05-2019
DOI: 10.1111/PCE.13173
Abstract: During soil waterlogging, plants experience O
Characterization of the genetic factors affecting quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis and its response to abiotic stress in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-05-2018
DOI: 10.1111/PCE.13172
Abstract: Quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) are toxic secondary metabolites that complicate the end use of narrow-leafed lupin (NLL Lupinus angustifolius L.) grain, as levels sometimes exceed the industry limit for its use as a food and feed source. The genotypic and environmental influences on QA production in NLL are poorly understood. Here, the expression of QA biosynthetic genes was analysed in vegetative and reproductive tissues of bitter (high QA) and sweet (low QA) accessions. It was demonstrated that sweet accessions are characterized by lower QA biosynthetic gene expression exclusively in leaf and stem tissues than bitter NLL, consistent with the hypothesis that QAs are predominantly produced in aerial tissues and transported to seeds, rather than synthesized within the seed itself. This analysis informed our identification of additional candidate genes involved in QA biosynthesis. Drought and temperature stress are two major abiotic stresses that often occur during NLL pod set. Hence, we assessed the effect of drought, increased temperature, and their combination, on QA production in three sweet NLL cultivars. A cultivar-specific response to drought and temperature in grain QA levels was observed, including the identification of a cultivar where alkaloid levels did not change with these stress treatments.
Drought Stress in Wheat during Flowering and Grain-filling Periods
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-05-2014
Innovations in dryland agriculture
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2016
Role of Root Hydraulics in Plant Drought Tolerance
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-09-2023
Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer inputs and plant populations for greener wheat production with high yields and high efficiency in dryland areas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Chickpea Molecular breeding : New tools and concepts
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2006
Zeolite increases paddy soil potassium fixation, partial factor productivity, and potassium balance under alternate wetting and drying irrigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Interaction of rhizobia with native AM fungi shaped biochar effect on soybean growth
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Deep soil water use of old-aged vegetation (17- to 36-year stand age) after the formation of dried soil layers based on in situ monitoring
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Molecular breeding approaches involving physiological and reproductive traits for heat tolerance in food crops
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2018
Recovery, regeneration and sustainable management of spent adsorbents from wastewater treatment streams
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.153555
Abstract: Adsorption is the most widely adopted, effective, and reliable treatment process for the removal of inorganic and organic contaminants from wastewater. One of the major issues with the adsorption-treatment process for the removal of contaminants from wastewater streams is the recovery and sustainable management of spent adsorbents. This review focuses on the effectiveness of emerging adsorbents and how the spent adsorbents could be recovered, regenerated, and further managed through reuse or safe disposal. The critical analysis of both conventional and emerging adsorbents on organic and inorganic contaminants in wastewater systems are evaluated. The various recovery and regeneration techniques of spent adsorbents including magnetic separation, filtration, thermal desorption and decomposition, chemical desorption, supercritical fluid desorption, advanced oxidation process and microbial assisted adsorbent regeneration are discussed in detail. The current challenges for the recovery and regeneration of adsorbents and the methodologies used for solving those problems are covered. The spent adsorbents are managed through regeneration for reuse (such as soil amendment, capacitor, catalyst/catalyst support) or safe disposal involving incineration and landfilling. Sustainable management of spent adsorbents, including processes involved in the recovery and regeneration of adsorbents for reuse, is examined in the context of resource recovery and circular economy. Finally, the review ends with the current drawbacks in the recovery and management of the spent adsorbents and the future directions for the economic and environmental feasibility of the system for industrial-scale application.
Ephemeral gully development in the hilly and gully region of China's loess plateau
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-09-2023
DOI: 10.1002/LDR.4904
Multi-site evaluation of accumulated temperature and rainfall for maize yield and disease in loess plateau
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-04-2021
DOI: 10.3390/AGRICULTURE11040373
Abstract: The Guanzhong region is a typical and important grain-producing area in China. The effect of accumulated temperature and rainfall on maize production is important in the face of global warming. Here, we collected meteorological data from six test sites in the Guanzhong region to study climate change from 1972 to 2018 in this area. A two-year study was conducted at multiple experimental sites to analyze the effect of climatic factors on maize yield and disease in the Guanzhong region. In the past 40 years, average temperatures have significantly increased at all sites, except for Hancheng. Rainfall varied significantly between years at each site, except for Huxian, with an overall declining trend. Accumulated temperature had a significant positive effect on yield (R2 = 0.28, p = 0.041 0.05), but rainfall did not affect yield (R2 = 0.0971, p = 0.324 0.05). During the growing period, total rainfall had a significant positive correlation with northern leaf blight disease in maize, and rainfall before silking had a significant positive correlation with ear length and row grain number. The demand for accumulated temperature by maize differed between sites. It is predicted that maize yield will increase with increasing temperature in the Guanzhong region. Greater attention should be paid to improve agronomic practices, such as adjustment of sowing dates, straw mulching, deep tillage, and pest control to adapt to future climate change.
Effect of bio-organic fertilizer derived from agricultural waste resources on soil properties and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in semi-humid drought-prone regions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Watershed Drought and Ecosystem Services: Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Gray Relational Analysis
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-01-2021
DOI: 10.3390/IJGI10020043
Abstract: This study explored the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought and ecosystem services (using soil conservation services as an ex le) in the YanHe Watershed, which is a typical water basin in the Loess Plateau of China, experiencing soil erosion. Herein, soil conservation was simulated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), and the relationship between drought, soil conservation services, and meteorological, vegetation, and other factors since the implementation of the ‘Grain for Green’ Project (GFGP) in 1999, were analyzed using the gray relational analysis (GRA) method. The results showed that: (1) The vegetation cover of the Watershed has increased significantly, and evapotranspiration (ET) increased by 14.35 mm·a−1, thereby increasing water consumption by 8.997 × 108 m3·a−1 (compared to 2000). (2) Drought affected 63.86% of the watershed area, gradually worsening from south to north it decreased in certain middle areas but increased in the humid areas on the southern edge. (3) The watershed soil conservation services, measured by the soil conservation modulus (SCM), increased steadily from 116.87 t·ha−1·a−1 in 2000 to 412.58 t·ha−1·a−1 in 2015, at a multi-year average of 235.69 t·ha−1·a−1, and indicated great spatial variations, with a large variation in the downstream and small variations in the upstream and midstream areas. (4) Integrating normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data into SWAT model improved the model simulation accuracy during the calibration period, the coefficient of determination (R2) increased from 0.63 to 0.76 and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) from 0.46 to 0.51 and during the validation period, the R2 increased from 0.82 to 0.93 and the NSE from 0.57 to 0.61. (5) The GRA can be applied to gray control systems, such as the ecosystem herein, vegetation cover and drought primarily affected ET and soil conservation services. The analysis results showed that vegetation restoration enhanced the soil conservation services, but increased ET and aggravated drought to a certain extent. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal variations in vegetation coverage and the response of ET to vegetation restoration in the YanHe Watershed, to verify the significant role of vegetation restoration in restraining soil erosion and evaluate the extent of water resource consumption due to ET in the semi-arid and semi-humid Loess-area basin during the GFGP period. Thus, this approach may effectively provide a scientific basis for evaluating the ecological effects of the GFGP and formulating policies to identify the impact of human ecological restoration on ecosystem services.
Transcriptional and biochemical profiling of defense enzymes in Citrus sinensis during salicylic acid and cinnamon mediated suppression of green and blue mold
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 03-11-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FPLS.2022.1048433
Abstract: Green and blue mold of citrus are threatening diseases that continuously inflict economic post-harvest loss. The suppressive effect of salicylic (SA) and Cinnamomum verum (CV) on green and blue mold of sweet oranges was investigated in this study. Among five tested plant extracts methanolic extract of Cinnamon caused the highest colony growth inhibition of P. digitatum and P. italicum in an in vitro antifungal assay. The methanolic extract of Cinnamon in combination with SA showed the lowest disease incidence and severity of green and blue mold on citrus fruit without affecting the fruit quality. Transcriptional profiling of defense enzymes revealed that the polyphenol oxidase ( PPO ), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ( PAL ), and peroxidase ( POD ) genes were upregulated in fruit treated with CV, SA, and their combination compared to the control. The treatment SA+CV caused the highest upsurge in PPO , POD , and PAL gene expression than the control. Furthermore, the biochemical quantification of PPO, POD and PAL also revealed a similar pattern of activity. The present findings unravel the fact that the escalation in the activity of tested defense enzymes is possibly associated with the reduced incidence of blue and green molds. In conclusion, the study unveils the promising suppressive potential of SA+CV against green and blue mold by regulating the expression of PPO , POD , and PAL genes. Therefore, these treatments can find a role as safer alternatives to chemicals in the management of post-harvest green and blue mold.
Integrating different stability models to investigate genotype × environment interactions and identify stable and high-yielding barley genotypes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-03-2019
Transient daily heat stress during the early reproductive phase disrupts pod and seed development in Brassica napus L.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-11-2021
DOI: 10.1002/FES3.262
Selection for yield over five decades favored an isohydric and phenological adaptations to early-season drought in Australian wheat
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-06-2022
Comparative Flower Transcriptome Network Analysis Reveals DEGs Involved in Chickpea Reproductive Success during Salinity
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-02-2022
Abstract: Salinity is increasingly becoming a significant problem for the most important yet intrinsically salt-sensitive grain legume chickpea. Chickpea is extremely sensitive to salinity during the reproductive phase. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms by comparing the transcriptomic dynamics between the two contrasting genotypes in response to salt stress. Chickpea exhibits considerable genetic variation amongst improved cultivars, which show better yields in saline conditions but still need to be enhanced for sustainable crop production. Based on previous extensive multi-location physiological screening, two identified genotypes, JG11 (salt-tolerant) and ICCV2 (salt-sensitive), were subjected to salt stress to evaluate their phenological and transcriptional responses. RNA-Sequencing is a revolutionary tool that allows for comprehensive transcriptome profiling to identify genes and alleles associated with stress tolerance and sensitivity. After the first flowering, the whole flower from stress-tolerant and sensitive genotypes was collected. A total of ~300 million RNA-Seq reads were sequenced, resulting in 2022 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to salt stress. Genes involved in flowering time such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and pollen development such as ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS), rho-GTPase, and pollen-receptor kinase were significantly differentially regulated, suggesting their role in salt tolerance. In addition to this, we identify a suite of essential genes such as MYB proteins, MADS-box, and chloride ion channel genes, which are crucial regulators of transcriptional responses to salinity tolerance. The gene set enrichment analysis and functional annotation of these genes in flower development suggest that they can be potential candidates for chickpea crop improvement for salt tolerance.
Drought responses of profile plant-available water and fine-root distributions in apple (Malus pumila Mill.) orchards in a loessial, semi-arid, hilly area of China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Facility Cultivation Systems 设施农业:
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2017
Growth, development and light interception of old and modern wheat varieties in a Mediterranean-type environment.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1989
DOI: 10.1071/AR9890473
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at Merredin in the eastern wheat belt of Western Australia, comparing 10 wheat cultivars representing old and modern wheats. The aim of the study was to identify any morphological and physiological characters associated with higher grain yield of modern wheat cultivars.The modern cultivars reached double ridge, terminal spikelet, anthesis and maturity earlier than the old cultivars, but modern cultivars had a longer duration between double ridge and terminal spikelet stage. The number of leaves on the main stem generally decreased from old, Purple Straw (14) to modern cultivars like Kulin (8). The modern cultivars had a shorter phyllochron interval than the old cultivars. The old cultivars also produced more tillers per plant (7.3) and had a lower percentage (35%) of ear bearing tillers, as compared with 3.9 and 51% for modern cultivars.The green area index and ground cover was higher in old than modern cultivars. However, the efficiency of conversion of photosynthetically active radiation to dry matter was slightly greater for modern cultivars. Although dry matter at final harvest was similar between cultivars, there was a trend for higher dry matter production with modern cultivars. The post-anthesis green area duration was longer with modern cultivars and grain yield increased with increase in post-anthesis green area duration.Grain yield and HI increased consistently from old to modern cultivars. The most recent cultivar Kulin had the highest yield and second highest harvest index, which were 63% and 48% respectively higher than the oldest cultivar, Purple Straw. Increases in grain yield in the modern cultivars were associated with increased grains spikelet-1 and grains ear-1. Mean grain weight showed a slight reduction with modern cultivars. The results are discussed in relation to future improvement in yield.
Zeolite mitigates N2O emissions in paddy fields under alternate wetting and drying irrigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Food Legumes and Rising Temperatures: Effects, Adaptive Functional Mechanisms Specific to Reproductive Growth Stage and Strategies to Improve Heat Tolerance
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 04-10-2017
Root penetration ability and plant growth in agroecosystems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.PLAPHY.2022.04.024
Abstract: Root penetration ability is critical for plant growth and development. When roots encounter soil impedance, hormones are activated that affect cells and tissues, leading to changes in root morphology and configuration that often increase root penetration ability. Factors, such as root system architecture, root anatomic traits, rhizosphere exudation and root-induced phytohormones, influencing root penetration ability and how they affect plant performance under soil impedance were summarized. Root penetration ability affects plant capturing water and nutrients, and thus determines plant performance and productivity in adverse environments. Great efforts have been made in searching for the underlying mechanisms of root penetration ability, and tools have been developed for phenotyping variability in root penetration ability. Therefore, with the continued development of agroecosystems based on the advocated low input costs and controlled tillage, crops or genotypes of a crop species with stronger root penetration ability may have the potential for developing new varieties with enhanced adaptation and grain yield under mechanical impedance in soil.
An ammoniated straw incorporation increased biomass production and water use efficiency in an annual wheat-maize rotation system in semi-arid China
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-02-2020
Abstract: Water shortage and excessive chemical fertilizers application result in low soil water and nutrient availability and limit crop production in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China. Ammoniated straw incorporation with N fertilization may be an efficient strategy to maintain agricultural sustainability. However, the interactive effects of straw incorporation and N fertilizer on the biomass water use efficiency (WUE) in the winter wheat–summer maize rotation system remain unclear. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of combining ammoniated straw incorporation and N fertilizer on soil water, biomass yield and biomass water use efficiency (WUE) in an annual summer maize (Zea mays L.)—Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation system. There were three treatments: (i) long straw (5 cm) mulching with N fertilizer (CK), (ii) long straw with N fertilizer plowed into the soil (LP), and (iii) ammoniated long straw with N fertilizer plowed into the soil (ALP). Compared with the CK treatment, LP and ALP led to a similar soil water storage capacity. ALP improved summer maize biomass yield and winter wheat biomass yield at the jointing-maturity stage. ALP improved summer maize WUE at the ten-leaf collar-tasseling stage and winter wheat WUE from the tillering stage to the maturity stage. Also, the ALP treatment increased the total water use efficiency (TWUE) of winter wheat by 4.1–22.0%. Overall, ammoniated straw incorporation produced the most favorable biomass yield and WUE in the summer maize—Winter wheat rotation system in the Loess Plateau of China.
Matching fertilization with water availability enhances maize productivity and water use efficiency in a semi-arid area
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Salinity stress tolerance and omics approaches: revisiting the progress and achievements in major cereal crops
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-03-2022
Impact of drought on growth, photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment, and cell wall elasticity in Damask rose
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Leaf type is not associated with ascochyta blight disease in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-11-2008
Phosphorus Application Enhances Root Traits, Root Exudation, Phosphorus Use Efficiency, and Seed Yield of Soybean Genotypes
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-2023
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is a vital macronutrient required for soybean growth and development but is a finite resource in agriculture worldwide. Low inorganic P availability in soil is often a significant constraint for soybean production. However, little is known about the response of P supply on agronomic, root morphology, and physiological mechanisms of contrasting soybean genotypes at various growth stages and the possible effects of different P on soybean yield and yield components. Therefore, we conducted two concurrent experiments using the soil-filled pots with six genotypes (deep-root system: PI 647960, PI 398595, PI 561271, PI 654356 and shallow-root system: PI 595362, PI 597387) and two P levels [0 (P0) and 60 (P60) mg P kg−1 dry soil] and deep PVC columns with two genotypes (PI 561271 and PI 595362) and three P levels [0 (P0), 60 (P60), and 120 (P120) mg P kg−1 dry soil] in a temperature-controlled glasshouse. The genotype × P level interaction showed that increased higher P supply increased leaf area, shoot and root dry weights, total root length, shoot, root, and seed P concentrations and contents, P use efficiency (PUE), root exudation, and seed yield at different growth stages in both experiments. At the vegetative stage (Experiment 1), shallow-rooted genotypes with shorter life cycles had more root dry weight (39%) and total root length (38%) than deep-rooted genotypes with longer life cycles under different P levels. Genotype PI 654356 produced significantly higher (22% more) total carboxylates than PI 647960 and PI 597387 under P60 but not at P0. Total carboxylates positively correlated with root dry weight, total root length, shoot and root P contents, and physiological PUE. The deep-rooted genotypes (PI 398595, PI 647960, PI 654356, and PI 561271) had the highest PUE and root P contents. In Experiment 2, at the flowering stage, genotype PI 561271 had the greatest leaf area (202%), shoot dry weight (113%), root dry weight (143%), and root length (83%) relative to the short-duration, shallow-rooted genotype PI 595362 with external P applied (P60 and P120), with similar trends at maturity. PI 595362 had a greater proportion of carboxylates as malonate (248%), malate (58%), and total carboxylates (82%) than PI 561271 under P60 and P120 but no differences at P0. At maturity, the deep-rooted genotype PI 561271 had greater shoot, root, and seed P contents and PUE than the shallow-rooted genotype PI 595362 under increased P rates but no differences at P0. Further, the genotype PI 561271 had higher shoot (53%), root (165%), and seed yield (47%) than PI 595362 with P60 and P120 than P0. Therefore, inorganic P application enhances plant resistance to the soil P pool and maintains high soybean biomass production and seed yield.
Sustainable management of hazardous asbestos-containing materials
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Ensuring Global Food Security by Improving Protein Content in Major Grain Legumes Using Breeding and ‘Omics’ Tools
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-05-2022
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS23147710
Abstract: Grain legumes are a rich source of dietary protein for millions of people globally and thus a key driver for securing global food security. Legume plant-based ‘dietary protein’ biofortification is an economic strategy for alleviating the menace of rising malnutrition-related problems and hidden hunger. Malnutrition from protein deficiency is predominant in human populations with an insufficient daily intake of animal protein/dietary protein due to economic limitations, especially in developing countries. Therefore, enhancing grain legume protein content will help eradicate protein-related malnutrition problems in low-income and underprivileged countries. Here, we review the exploitable genetic variability for grain protein content in various major grain legumes for improving the protein content of high-yielding, low-protein genotypes. We highlight classical genetics-based inheritance of protein content in various legumes and discuss advances in molecular marker technology that have enabled us to underpin various quantitative trait loci controlling seed protein content (SPC) in biparental-based mapping populations and genome-wide association studies. We also review the progress of functional genomics in deciphering the underlying candidate gene(s) controlling SPC in various grain legumes and the role of proteomics and metabolomics in shedding light on the accumulation of various novel proteins and metabolites in high-protein legume genotypes. Lastly, we detail the scope of genomic selection, high-throughput phenotyping, emerging genome editing tools, and speed breeding protocols for enhancing SPC in grain legumes to achieve legume-based dietary protein security and thus reduce the global hunger risk.
Non-negligible role of soil archaeal communities in improving microbial stability of tomato fields under aeration drip irrigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Divergent responses of deep SOC sequestration to large-scale revegetation on China's Loess Plateau
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Nondestructive phenomic tools for the prediction of heat and drought tolerance at anthesis in Brassica Species
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 2019
Abstract: Oilseed Brassica species are vulnerable to heat and drought stress, especially in the early reproductive stage. We evaluated plant imaging of whole plant and flower tissue, leaf stomatal conductance, leaf and bud temperature, photochemical reflectance index, quantum yield of photosynthesis, and leaf gas exchange for their suitability to detect tolerance to heat (H) and/or drought (D) stress treatments in 12 Brassica genotypes (G). A replicated factorial experiment was set up with 7 d of stress treatment from the beginning of anthesis with various levels of three factors H , D , and G . Most phenomics tools detected plant stress as indicated by significant main effects of H , D , and H×D . Whole plant volume was highly correlated with fresh weight changes, suggesting that whole plant imaging may be a useful surrogate for fresh weight in future studies. Vc max , the maximum carboxylation rate of photosynthesis, increased rapidly on day 1 in H and H+D treatments, and there were significant interactions of G×H and G×D . Vc max of genotypes on day 1 in H and H+D treatments was positively correlated with their harvested seed yield. Vc max on day 1 and day 3 were clustered with seed yield in H and H+D treatments as shown in the heatmaps of genotypic correlations. TPU, the rate of triose phosphate use, also showed significant positive genotypic correlations with seed yield in H+D treatments. Flower volume showed significant interactions of G×H and G×D on day 7, and flower volume of genotypes on day 7 in H was positively correlated with their harvested seed yield. There were few interactions of G×H or G×D for leaf stomatal conductance, leaf and bud temperature, photochemical reflectance index, and quantum yield of photosynthesis. Vc max , TPU, and volume of flowers are potential nondestructive phenomic traits for heat or combined heat and drought stress tolerance screening in Brassica germplasm.
Drought and heat stress mediated activation of lipid signaling in plants
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 10-08-2023
Can nitrate-based fertilization be recommended for the cultivation of ammonium-preferring species in a salty ecosystem? The case for Spartina alterniflora
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-06-2021
Leaf transpiration plays a role in phosphorus acquisition among a large set of chickpea genotypes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-03-2018
DOI: 10.1111/PCE.13139
Abstract: Low availability of inorganic phosphorus (P) is considered a major constraint for crop productivity worldwide. A unique set of 266 chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes, originating from 29 countries and with erse genetic background, were used to study P-use efficiency. Plants were grown in pots containing sterilized river sand supplied with P at a rate of 10 μg P g
Nutrients Leaching from Tillage Soil Amended with Wheat Straw Biochar Influenced by Fertiliser Type
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-11-2021
DOI: 10.3390/AGRICULTURE11111132
Abstract: The co-application of biochar and fertiliser has emerged as a strategy for improving soil quality and crop growth however, the impact of the type of fertiliser added with biochar to the soil on leaching and retention of nutrients is not well studied. In this study, a leaching experiment was undertaken using a series of column lysimeters incorporating a wheat straw biochar (WSB) and two fertiliser types—chemical fertiliser (CF), or rock mineral fertiliser (MF). The results showed that CF and MF leached a similar amount of NH4+ with or without WSB, but the NO3– leaching occurred from CF-treated soil which was decreased by CF + WSB application. In contrast, NO3– leaching was not affected by WSB in MF-treated soil. Both CF and MF with or without WSB increased the cumulative leaching of P and K. Nevertheless, WSB application increased soil P and K contents after leaching, which was attributed to intrinsic nutrient release from biochar. Shoot growth and P and K uptake also increased with biochar amendment, whereas root growth and N uptake did not change. Therefore, the results highlight that biochar addition can improve nutrient retention and plant growth by reducing nutrient leaching, mainly dependent on biochar and fertiliser type combination used. It suggests that the adsorption properties of biochar for nutrient retention and subsequent release need to know before their broad application to soils as amendments.
Salicylic acid alleviates salt-induced phytotoxicity by modulating physiochemical attributes and upregulating the AsA-GSH cycle and glyoxalase system in Capsicum annuum L. seedlings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Quantifying the interaction of water and radiation use efficiency under plastic film mulch in winter wheat
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Genome-Wide Analysis and Characterization of the Proline-Rich Extensin-like Receptor Kinases (PERKs) Gene Family Reveals Their Role in Different Developmental Stages and Stress Conditions in Wheat (Tr
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-02-2022
Abstract: Proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinases (PERKs) are a class of receptor kinases implicated in multiple cellular processes in plants. However, there is a lack of information on the PERK gene family in wheat. Therefore, we identified 37 PERK genes in wheat to understand their role in various developmental processes and stress conditions. Phylogenetic analysis of PERK genes from Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Glycine max, and T. aestivum grouped them into eight well-defined classes. Furthermore, synteny analysis revealed 275 orthologous gene pairs in B. distachyon, Ae. tauschii, T. dicoccoides, O. sativa and A. thaliana. Ka/Ks values showed that most TaPERK genes, except TaPERK1, TaPERK2, TaPERK17, and TaPERK26, underwent strong purifying selection during evolutionary processes. Several cis-acting regulatory elements, essential for plant growth and development and the response to light, phytohormones, and erse biotic and abiotic stresses, were predicted in the promoter regions of TaPERK genes. In addition, the expression profile of the TaPERK gene family revealed differential expression of TaPERK genes in various tissues and developmental stages. Furthermore, TaPERK gene expression was induced by various biotic and abiotic stresses. The RT-qPCR analysis also revealed similar results with slight variation. Therefore, this study’s outcome provides valuable information for elucidating the precise functions of TaPERK in developmental processes and erse stress conditions in wheat.
Adaptation of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) to short season Mediterranean-type environments
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1071/A98006
Abstract: The growth and seed yield response of lentil (cv. Digger) to sowing rate (20-120 kg/ha) was studied at 13 sites over 3 seasons in the cropping regions of south-western Australia. The economic optimum plant density was estimated by fitting an asymptotic model to the data and calculating the sowing rate above which the cost for additional seed was equivalent to the revenue that could be achieved from the extra seed yield produced, assuming a 10% opportunity cost. On average across all sites and seasons, only 51% of sown seeds emerged. Increasing sowing rate resulted in greater dry matter production at ˚owering and maturity, and fewer pods per plant. Harvest index (0·31-0·36), number of seeds per pod (1·13-1·84), and mean seed weight (2·9-3·6 g/100 seeds) remained relatively stable with changes in sowing rate. The asymptotic models fitted to seed yields accounted for 1-73% of the total variance in the data, except at one site where a model could not be found to provide an adequate fit to the data. In addition to this site, another 5 sites were excluded from further consideration where the percentage of variance accounted for was % or the predicted optimum densities and seed yield potentials were well beyond the range of the data. The economic optimum of the remaining 7 sites ranged from 96 to 228 plants/m2, with a mean of 146 plants/m2. These results suggest that lentil yields may be improved by increasing sowing rates beyond those currently targeted in southern Australia (100-125 plants/m2). On the basis of these results, targeting a density of about 150 plants/m2 by using a sowing rate of approximately 90-110 kg/ha is recommended, depending on mean seed weight and germination percentage of the seed. Even higher sowing rates may be optimum where the growing conditions are unfavourable and in idual plant growth is limited.
Responses of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) to sowing rate in south-western Australia II. Canopy development, radiation absorption and dry matter partitioning
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1071/A98003
Abstract: Sowing rate influences plant density, canopy development, radiation absorption, dry matter production and its partitioning, and seed yield. The canopy development, radiation interception, and dry matter partitioning of faba bean (cv. Fiord) were examined using 6 sowing rate treatments from 70 to 270 kg/ha in field experiments conducted over 3 years at Northam as part of a larger investigation of sowing rate responses in faba bean in south-western Australia. High sowing rates resulted in significantly earlier canopy closure, larger green area indexes, more radiation absorption, more dry matter accumulation particularly during the early vegetative stages, and greater seed yield than treatments where a low plant density was established. The results suggest that further increases in canopy development, radiation absorption, dry matter accumulation, and seed yield are possible by using sowing rates in excess of 270 kg/ha. The rate of node appearance was relatively constant within and across seasons (1 every 65·9 degree-days), whereas the number of branches per plant declined with increasing plant density, and less branches survived through to maturity at high density. The peak photosynthetically active radiation absorption (75-85%) measured at green area index of 2·9-3·8 in the highest sowing rate treatment in this study is similar to previous reports for other crops. The estimated radiation use efflciency (1·30 g/MJ) was constant across sowing rate treatments and seasons. High sowing rates produced tall crops with the lowest pods further from the soil surface than those at low plant density, and hence, mechanical harvesting was easier. The growth of in idual plants may have been limited by the low growing season rainfall (266-441 mm) and/or low soil pH (5·0 in CaCl2) at the site, and competition between plants for radiation was probably small even at the highest sowing rate. Early canopy closure and greater dry matter production with high sowing rates may also cause greater suppression of weeds and aphids.
Distribution characteristics and correlation of macro- and microplastics under long-term plastic mulching in northwest China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Responses of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) to sowing rate in south-western Australia I. Seed yield and economic optimum plant density
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1071/A98002
Abstract: Sowing rate influences plant establishment, growth, seed yield, and the profitability of a crop. However, there is limited published information on the optimum sowing rate and plant density for faba bean in Australia. The response of the growth and seed yield of faba bean (cv. Fiord) to sowing rate (70-270 kg/ha) was examined in 19 field experiments conducted over 3 years in south-western Australia. The economic optimum plant density was estimated at each site by fitting an asymptotic model to the data and calculating the point where the cost of extra seed equalled the return from additional seed yield, allowing a 10% opportunity cost for the extra investment. On average across all sites and seasons, only 71% of the seeds sown emerged. Increasing sowing rate resulted in more dry matter production at first flower and at maturity, and at about half of the sites there was a small trend of reduced harvest index. In general, the mean number of seeds per pod (1·8-2·6) and mean seed weight (32-45 g/100 seeds) were unaffected by sowing rate. As sowing rate increased, the number of pods per plant (5-35) generally decreased, but this was compensated by the large plant population and more pods per unit area. The asymptotic models fitted to the seed yield data accounted for 15-81% of the variance. In 8 experiments, the models indicated that yield was continuing to increase substantially as sowing rate increased at the largest sowing rate treatment. The estimated optimum plant densities in these experiments were beyond the range of the data or had large standard errors and, hence, were excluded from any further consideration. Among the remaining 11 experiments, the estimated optimum plant densities varied from 31 to 63 plants/m2, with a mean of 45 plants/m2. This study demonstrates that targeting sowing rates greater than the current commercial practice for faba bean in southern Australia of 15-30 plants/m2 results in more yield and profit. Additional experiments are required with sowing rates in excess of 270 kg/ha to estimate accurately the optimum plant density for faba bean. Fungal diseases were either absent or controlled with fungicides in these experiments but the interactions between disease, time of sowing, and sowing rates also deserve further attention.
Phosphorus starvation boosts carboxylate secretion in P-deficient genotypes of Lupinus angustifolius with contrasting root structure
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/CP13012
Abstract: Lupinus angustifolius L. (narrow-leafed lupin) is an important grain legume crop for the stockfeed industry in Australia. This species does not form cluster roots regardless of phosphorus (P) nutrition. We hypothesise that this species may have adaptive strategies for achieving critical P uptake in low-P environments by altering shoot growth and root architecture and secreting carboxylates from roots. Three wild genotypes of L. angustifolius with contrasting root architecture were selected to investigate the influence of P starvation on root growth and rhizosphere carboxylate exudation and their relationship with P acquisition. Plants were grown in sterilised loamy soil supplied with zero, low (50 μm) or optimal (400 μm) P for 6 weeks. All genotypes showed a significant response in shoot and root development to varying P supply. At P deficit (zero and low P), root systems were smaller and had fewer branches than did roots at optimal P. The amount of total carboxylates in the rhizosphere extracts ranged from 3.4 to 17.3 μmol g–1 dry root. The total carboxylates comprised primarily citrate (61–78% in various P treatments), followed by malate and acetate. Genotype #085 (large root system with deep lateral roots) exuded the greatest amount of total carboxylates to the rhizosphere for each P treatment, followed by #016 (medium root system with good branched lateral roots) and #044 (small root system with short and sparse lateral roots). All genotypes in the low-P treatment significantly enhanced exudation of carboxylates, whereas no significant increase in carboxylate exudation was observed in the zero-P treatment. Small-rooted genotypes had higher P concentration than the medium- and large-rooted genotypes, although larger plants accumulated higher total P content. Large-rooted genotypes increased shoot P utilisation efficiency in response to P starvation. This study showed that narrow-leafed lupin genotypes differing in root architecture differed in carboxylate exudation and P uptake. Our finding suggested that for L. angustifolius there is a minimum plant P concentration below which carboxylate exudation is not enhanced despite severe P deficiency. The outcomes of this study enhance our understanding of P acquisition strategies in L. angustifolius genotypes, which can be used for the selection of P-efficient genotypes for cropping systems.
Contrasting stomatal regulation and leaf ABA concentrations in wheat genotypes when split root systems were exposed to terminal drought
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for faba bean (vicia faba L.)
Publisher: Academic Journals
Date: 30-11-2011
DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.146
Nature’s pulse power: legumes, food security and climate change
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERX099
Reduced groundwater use and increased grain production by optimized irrigation scheduling in winter wheat–summer maize double cropping system—A 16-year field study in North China Plain
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
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End Date: 12-2015
Amount: $258,182.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE0989071
Start Date: 01-2009
End Date: 07-2012
Amount: $600,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0560884
Start Date: 06-2005
End Date: 12-2007
Amount: $120,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE0882893
Start Date: 2008
End Date: 12-2008
Amount: $260,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP110100341
Start Date: 04-2011
End Date: 12-2013
Amount: $200,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP170100747
Start Date: 06-2017
End Date: 05-2024
Amount: $257,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0988193
Start Date: 2009
End Date: 12-2012
Amount: $420,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity