ORCID Profile
0000-0002-8097-5750
Current Organisations
UNSW Sydney
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University of Helsinki
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-04-2016
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 27-03-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FPLS.2023.1069126
Abstract: Fungi of genus Botrytis are important pathogens of legumes, causing gray mold and chocolate spot diseases. The use of molecular methods to identify pathogens has resulted in the discovery of several new Botrytis species and new associations of pathogens with diseases. Thus, chocolate spot of faba bean is now associated with at least four species: B. fabae , B. cinerea , B. pseudocinerea and B. fabiopsis . Species of Botrytis differ in host plant, pathogenicity, fungicide resistance and other relevant properties that affect disease control. The aim of this study was to identify the species of Botrytis isolated from different legume crops and to evaluate their in vitro pathogenicity. Between 2014 and 2019, 278 isolates of Botrytis were obtained from infected legumes in Latvia. A phylogenetic analysis was carried out by sequencing three nuclear genes, RPB2, HSP60, and G3PDH, considered to be diagnostic for species in this genus. A set of 21 representative isolates was selected for pathogenicity tests on detached leaves of faba bean, field pea, lupin and soybean using 5-mm mycelium-agar plugs. The diameter of the formed lesions under the inoculated plug was measured crosswise each day. The datasets were subjected to analysis of variance with the split-plot design of the experiment and repeated-measures model. Six species were identified: B. cinerea , B. fabae , B. pseudocinerea , B. fabiopsis , B. euroamericana and B. medusae . In addition to the expected combinations of host and pathogen, naturally occurring infections of B. fabiopsis were found on chickpea, B. euroamericana on faba bean and B. medusae in lupin seeds. Species and isolate had significant effects on pathogenicity on all crops tested. Several isolates were pathogenic on two or more host species: two of B. pseudocinerea , two of B. cinerea , two of B. fabiopsis and the one of B. medusae . One isolate of B. pseudocinerea and two of B. fabiopsis caused primary lesions on all five host species. The results show that these Botrytis species have a broad host range that should be borne in mind when planning crop sequences and rotations.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-02-2012
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1990
DOI: 10.1071/AR9900277
Abstract: Grain protein content and grain yield data were collected from 11 Interstate Wheat Variety Trials (IWVT) and other sources. The level of variation in grain protein content beyond that attributable to covariation in environment and yield was estimated using a generalized linear model. A range of almost 4% in corrected protein content was found among 204 lines tested in IWVT. The Western Australian cv. Tincurrin was approx1% lower in grain protein content than any other line, while Shortim, Sun 43A, QT2200-20, QT2612-1 and Sun 92A were all 1.4-1.7% higher than the pooled mean of 4 control cultivars (Cook, Eagle, Halberd and Oxley). Accessions did not vary significantly in protein content with change in yield. Results from a range of other independent trials confirmed those from IWVT. Wheats genetically capable of producing a higher concentration of protein in their grain at a given yield level came principally from the Sydney University and Queensland breeding programmes, and those producing a lower concentration principally from Victoria and Western Australia. Grain hardness was independent of grain protein content and many low protein hard wheats entering the IWVT fell well outside current international market requirements.
Publisher: Agricultural and Food Science
Date: 30-09-2018
DOI: 10.23986/AFSCI.70408
Abstract: The biomass potential of eight high yielding maize cultivars was studied in the sub-boreal climate of southern Finland. The effects of harvest date on lignin and sugar production, biomass yield, mineral element composition, bioenergy potential and soil nutrient management were determined in two years. The eight maize cultivars produced 17.6–33.3 t ha-1 of biomass. The ear fraction contained 50–60% of the biomass, and ash and mineral element composition of the plant fractions were significantly different (p 0.001), with more ash, Ca and S in the above-ear fractions of the plants than in the mid-stalk portions, whereas the C:N ratio was highest in the lower stalk. Cultivars with less lignin content produced more fermetable sugars. Despite the relatively cool growing conditions and short season of the sub-boreal region, maize has potential for use as biomass, for biofuel or other uses. The crop can be fractioned into ear and stalk, with the lower 20 cm of stalk left in the field to maintain soil organic matter content.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-11-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-1999
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-379X(199907)51:7<259::AID-STAR259>3.0.CO;2-K
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-04-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-05-2023
DOI: 10.1002/LEG3.199
Abstract: The black bean aphid is one of the main insect pests of faba bean, leading to yield losses in many countries. The aphid inflicts damage to faba bean through direct phloem feeding and indirectly by transmission of several viruses. Sources of genetic resistance or tolerance to the aphid have been hard to identify and to use in breeding because of the high environmental variability of the attack, the weak and partial nature of the resistance when found, and the low repeatability of experiments. A range of molecular genotyping tools is now available for identifying the genes underlying key traits in faba bean. Hence, we screened the responses of eight inbred lines (Columbo, Albus, Closed‐flower, Diana, Hedin/2, Icarus, ILB938/2, and Mélodie/2) of faba bean, derived from commercial cultivars and experimental germplasm, to aphid infestation in controlled (no‐choice‐test) and field (preference test) conditions. In the controlled environment, aphid performance was assessed by measuring fecundity and determining the intrinsic rate of natural increase ( r m ). In the field experiment, population growth was examined on Columbo, Closed‐flower, Hedin/2, and ILB938/2 during June and July. Each week, 10 plants in each plot, randomly chosen at the start, were screened for aphid colonization and number of plants attacked. For each plant, an index number was given reflecting the severity of aphid presence. Our results demonstrate a clear conformity between the results obtained from the indoor pot experiments and the field experiments. In both experiments, ILB938/2 showed partial resistance with significantly lower fecundity, r m , and field infestation when compared with the known susceptible line Columbo. The consistently strong performance of ILB938/2 against the black bean aphid suggests that it carries a factor or factors rendering it unconducive to aphid landing, feeding, and/or reproduction. Further investigation into the resistance mechanisms of ILB938/2 is planned.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-1986
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-09-2020
Abstract: Grain legumes are commonly used for food and feed all over the world and are the main source of protein for over a billion people worldwide, but their production is at risk from climate change. Water deficit and heat stress both significantly reduce the yield of grain legumes, and the faba bean is considered particularly susceptible. The genetic improvement of faba bean for drought adaptation (water deficit tolerance) by conventional methods and molecular breeding is time-consuming and laborious, since it depends mainly on selection and adaptation in multiple sites. The lack of high-throughput screening methodology and low heritability of advantageous traits under environmental stress challenge breeding progress. Alternatively, selection based on secondary characters in a controlled environment followed by field trials is successful in some crops, including faba beans. In general, measured features related to drought adaptation are shoot and root morphology, stomatal characteristics, osmotic adjustment and the efficiency of water use. Here, we focus on the current knowledge of biochemical and physiological markers for legume improvement that can be incorporated into faba bean breeding programs for drought adaptation.
Publisher: The Royal Society of Chemistry
Date: 30-03-2000
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.1021/JF301549B
Abstract: The methane yields and conversion of pentoses (xylose) and hexoses (cellulose) in hemp, maize, and white lupin were studied over 30 days of anaerobic digestion. Preservation of hemp increased the methane yield by 23% compared with the fresh hemp. The increased methane yield of hemp was verified by the enhanced conversion of C6 sugars, increasing from 48% to about 70%, whereas the conversion of C5 sugars increased from only 9% to nearly 50%. The consumption of all carbohydrates in fresh maize was almost complete in the 30 days of anaerobic digestion. Hence, there was no major difference in carbohydrate consumption between fresh and preserved maize during biogas production. Fresh white lupin produced the highest methane yield (343 ± 33 dm(3) kg(-1) TS) in this work, mainly due to its highest amount of proteins. Conversion of C6 sugars was 80%, but that of C5 sugars was notably less at 46%.
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Date: 12-1980
DOI: 10.1086/337174
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1007/BF00039296
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 04-12-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S1479262118000461
Abstract: Among grain legumes, faba bean is reputed to be relatively sensitive to drought stress. Epicuticular wax (ECW) quantity is considered as an important drought adaptation strategy in plant species. This study aimed to define variation in leaf ECW concentration as a drought-adaptive trait in 197 faba bean accessions under well-watered conditions. The relationship between ECW and stomatal characteristics was also investigated. Highly significant differences were found in the ECW concentration, which ranged from 0.680 to 2.104 mg/dm 2 . No relationships were found between ECW and any measure of stomatal morphology and function. This study provides evidence of the wide variation in ECW in faba bean germplasm, which is independent of stomatal characteristics and leaf water content. This variation may allow the genetic improvement of ECW as a drought-adaptive character in faba bean breeding programs aiming at the economical use of water.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-06-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-1999
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-12-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1999
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-1986
DOI: 10.1017/S0021859600087153
Abstract: Incidences of pollination and fertilization were determined and the development of seeds was monitored in spring beans over 2 years. Plant density was varied in the 1st year and irrigation in the 2nd. The incidences of pollination, fertilization and seed development were all independent of plant density. The proportion of ovules that developed as seeds was slightly enhanced in irrigated plots as losses from abortion and from lack of fertilization within fertilized ovaries were both reduced. Autofertility, or spontaneous self-pollination leading to fertilization, led to an increase in the overall incidence of fertilization. Three autofertile stocks were up to 11% more pollinated and fertilized than two partly autofertile ones which, in turn, were up to 20% more than two non-autofertile, long-podded stocks. A closed-flower population was 30% less fertilized than the long pods and was insufficiently autofertile to allow an adequate number of pods to set on the lower flowering nodes. Three stocks, one autofertile, one with terminal inflorescences ( ti ) and the third with both characters, were subject to particularly high losses of fertilized ovules from abortion, 27–35%, while few ovules, 12% or less, aborted in closed flowers and long pods. Failure of seeds to mature in long pods was associated primarily with the low proportion of ovules fertilized within fertilized flowers, rather than with abortion of the fertilized ovules.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2012.07.031
Abstract: Sewage sludge is rich in essential plant nutrients, but its use is restricted for crop production due to the pollutants it contains, such as metalloids and heavy metals. Sludge is also very sticky and compact. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to evaluate (1) the impact of various amounts of sludge on bioenergy crop productivity and quality and (2) the use of peat as an adjuvant to reduce the stickiness, density and nutrient richness of the sludge. Three different applications of sludge were examined, high, low (50% of high) and low mixed with an equal volume of peat. The sludge-peat mix increased significantly leaf area and biomass accumulation of maize and hemp. High sludge and sludge-peat mix applications increased significantly the leaf area and biomass accumulation as well as the net photosynthesis of oilseed rape. High sludge application resulted in the highest heavy metal and metalloid accumulation in maize and hemp. Sludge-peat mix resulted in the highest heavy metal and metalloid accumulation in oilseed rape. However, the sludge-peat mix application provided the best feedstock quality in all three crops, since chloride, silicon and sulfur concentrations and ash content in plant material were the lowest of the three sludge treatments.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1991
DOI: 10.1071/AR9911173
Abstract: Commercial crops of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) in South Australia and western Victoria were surveyed for flower visitors and incidence of pollination. Honeybees were the only pollen vectors. The incidence of pollination was never less than 50% and averaged 80%. The effectiveness of honeybees as pollen vectors contrasts with their ineffectiveness in colder climates, partly because in the Mediterranean climate beans flower in late winter and early spring when bees are in search of pollen. It is unlikely that growers of faba beans in Australia will need to provide supplementary hives to ensure adequate pollination.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-05-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-11-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-06-2019
DOI: 10.1111/PBR.12716
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-02-2002
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-07-2021
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/AR03016
Abstract: Wheat endosperm starch is deposited in large, A-type granules and smaller B-type and C-type granules. The quantitative genetics of starch granule size distribution was investigated in 2 ways. Complete diallel crosses, with 5 parents each, were prepared in tetraploid wheat, Triticum turgidum, and hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum. Parent and F1 plants were grown in controlled environment growth chambers with 18�C days and 13�C nights to provide parent and F2 grains from uniform conditions. In the same conditions, the basic generations of parent, F1, F2, and backcross of 6 other in idual crosses were grown and F1 and backcross grains were freshly generated on these plants. Starch granule size distribution was determined in parent and F2 grains in the diallels and all possible generations in the other crosses. Granules of μm diameter were considered 'B granules' (thus including C granules), and B-granule content was expressed as a percentage of total starch volume. The modal A-granule diameter was also determined.B-granule content varied widely in both species, whereas modal A-granule diameter was much more variable in tetraploids than in hexaploids. Additive gene action was more important than dominance in determining B-granule content in both species and A-granule diameter in tetraploids, whereas dominance was more important for A-granule diameter in hexaploids. Dominance acted to increase or to decrease B-granule content, depending on the cross. According to variance–covariance analysis, the line with the most dominant alleles in the hexaploids was the one lowest in B granules, but in the tetraploids it was the one highest in B granules. Digenic interactions affected B-granule content and A-granule diameter in all of the analyses of the basic generations, and nucleocytoplasmic interactions affected these traits in most of the crosses. Diallel analyses of the F2 generations, in contrast, showed a limited importance of epistasis. Cytoplasmic effects made small but significant contributions to the variation in B-granule content in some of the crosses. Variation in B-granule content and A-granule diameter appeared to be affected by different gene actions and were therefore likely to be susceptible to independent manipulations in a breeding program.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-04-2020
DOI: 10.1002/LEG3.39
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1986
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-1986
DOI: 10.1007/BF00028601
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 04-09-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Publisher: Agricultural and Food Science
Date: 30-09-2018
DOI: 10.23986/AFSCI.70780
Abstract: Ion beam irradiation is a potential tool for inducing novel mutations in plants. We chose three crop species (rye, linseed, and faba bean) to determine the potential of nitrogen ion beam irradiation for inducing mutations. We tested ion beam irradiation with nitrogen ions at six different fluencies (5×105, 1×106, 5×106, 1×107, 5×107, and 1×108 N-ion cm-2) on dry grains. The three studied crop species had different sensitivities to the irradiation. Increased doses of ion irradiation had more effect on survival than on germination. Rye seedlings had the lowest survival rate at high doses of irradiation and significantly higher off-type plant phenotypes than the other two species. In M1 seedlings, stunted growth, failure to complete the plant life cycle and chlorophyll mutants were observed in all three species. Terminal-inflorescence mutations and sectional chimeras in faba bean were observed in the M2 generation. We conclude that ion beam irradiation is an effective tool for mutation breeding of erse crop species when the appropriate dose is defined.
Publisher: The Royal Society of Chemistry
Date: 30-03-2000
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 10-1996
DOI: 10.1139/G96-125
Abstract: A simple monoclonal antibody-based screening test has been developed for the presence of translocations of the short arm of chromosome 2 of rye (2RS) with wheat chromosome 2B. 2RS encodes a set of about three polypeptides known as M r 75 000 gamma-secalins. Use of the antibody test for these secalins enabled screening of several hundred seeds per day. The antibody could readily distinguish 2BL–2RS translocations and 2R substitutions from 1BL–1RS translocations or nontranslocation wheats. Use of the antibody in analysis of segregating progeny for Sec-2 in several wheat backgrounds was successful. Results with a selection of the seed population were checked using protein gel electrophoresis, with 100% correct confirmation. Key words : rye, wheat, seed proteins, translocation, diagnostic test.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2000
Publisher: Agricultural and Food Science
Date: 04-12-2008
DOI: 10.2137/145960609790059578
Abstract: Legumes are important in world agriculture, providing biologically fixed nitrogen, breaking cereal disease cycles and contributing locally grown food and feed, including forage. Pea and faba bean were grown by early farmers in Finland, with remains dated to 500 BC. Landraces of pea and faba bean were gradually replaced by better adapted, higher quality materials for food use. While grain legumes have been restricted by their long growing seasons to the south of the country, red, white and alsike clovers are native throughout and have long been used in leys for grazing, hay and silage. Breeding programmes released many cultivars of these crops during the 1900s, particularly pea and red clover. A.I. Virtanen earned the 1945 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on both nitrogen fixation and silage preservation. Use of crop mixtures may appear modern, but farmers used them already in the early 1800s, when oat was used to support pea, and much effort has been devoted to improving the system and establishing its other benefits. Although international cultivars have been easily accessible since Finlands 1995 entry into the European Union, the combination of feed quality and appropriate earliness is still needed, as 1% of arable land is sown to grain legumes and an increase to 910% would allow replacement of imported protein feeds. Climate change will alter the stresses on legume crops, and investment in agronomy, physiology and breeding is needed so that farmers can gain from the many advantages of a legume-supported rotation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1002/1521-379X(200101)53:1<14::AID-STAR14>3.0.CO;2-4
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 15-11-2019
DOI: 10.1101/843862
Abstract: Faba bean is a legume crop with high protein content and large potential for cultivation in the Northern latitudes. However, it has a reputation for being an unstable crop with large inter-annual variability, mostly explained by yearly variation in rainfall. Consequently, the objective is to breed cultivars with high seed yield and high yield stability. In this study, 17 commercial cultivars of faba bean were evaluated for seed yield, yield stability and trade-off between seed yield and protein content in four locations in Denmark and Finland during 2016-2018. We found that location and year effects accounted for 72% of the total seed yield variation. Cultivar by environment interactions (G×E) were found to be small and did not cause re-ranking of cultivars in different environments. Yield stability contributed little to the mean yield of the cultivars because high-yielding cultivars consistently outperformed the lower yielding genotypes, even under the most adverse conditions. The latter was also the case for total protein yield quantified as total yield multiplied by seed protein percentage. Although we found a strong negative correlation of −0.64 between yield and protein content, a few cultivars produced high yields while maintaining a relatively high protein content, suggesting that these traits may to some degree be genetically separable.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S147926211800031X
Abstract: David Bond and Jean Picard, two leaders of European legume breeding, died within a few months of each other. On the basis of their agronomic and genetic training, they both met the challenge of breeding faba bean, a protein-rich species that had received little attention from breeders before the 1950s (Picard, 1953 Bond 1957). Both made great strides at modernizing their chosen crop by developing and applying new ideas and techniques, as well as generating new methods and genetic materials.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-10-2022
Abstract: In Ethiopia, smallholder farmers are responsible for most food production. Though yield levels in grain crops have improved greatly over the years, they are still much lower than their potential. The source of yield improvements and the causes of those yield gaps are not well understood. To explain the drivers of yield gaps and current sources of yield improvements in four major cereals (teff, maize, wheat, and sorghum) and three grain legumes (faba bean, common bean, and soybean), we accessed the databases of the Global Yield Gap Atlas, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia. Refereed journal articles and grey literature were sought in online databases using keywords. The results showed large increases in production of grain crops with little or no increase in areas of production. The yield increases were primarily attributed to genetic gain rather than agronomic improvements. Farmers’ yields remain far lower than those from on-farm trials and on-station trials and the calculated water-limited yield potential. Currently, yields of wheat, maize, sorghum, and common bean in Ethiopia are about 26.8, 19.7, 29.3, and 35.5% of their water-limited yield potentials. Significant portions of the yield gaps stem from low adoption and use of improved varieties, low application of inputs, continual usage of un-optimized crop management practices, and uncontrolled biotic and abiotic stresses. Proper application of fertilizers and use of improved varieties increase yield by 2 to 3 fold and 24–160%, respectively. Cereal-legume intercropping and crop rotation practices increase yield while reducing severity of pests and the need for application of synthetic fertilizers. In contrast, abiotic stresses cause yield reductions of 20–100%. Hence, dissection of the water-limited yield gap in terms of technology, resource, and efficiency yield gaps will allow the prioritization of the most effective intervention areas.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1981
DOI: 10.1007/BF00493138
Abstract: Cardiac t onade is one of the most serious complications when performing cardiac interventions. Although most of the patients can be treated effectively using pericardiocentesis, urgent surgery can be necessary in case of continuous bleeding and patients' haemodynamic impairment. With this unique clinical case report we describe an acute endovascular occlusion of a cardiac perforation utilizing the inflated 28 mm cryoballon at the transseptal puncture site close to the superior part of the coronary sinus ostium in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) and severe post-procedural t onade. Prior to this maneuver, 1200 mL of haemorrhagic effusion has been aspirated. Forty-five minutes after cryoballoon-guided occlusion we deflated the balloon and no additional blood could be aspirated over the following 20 minutes. Cryoballon-guided occlusion of the perforation site saved the patient from immediate cardiac surgery and resulted in stable haemodynamic conditions. This bailout approach was transferred from coronary interventions where occlusion of a perforated vessel using balloon devices is a common technique to achieve acute hemostasis.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-05-2014
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 02-1986
DOI: 10.1017/S0021859600061785
Abstract: Incidences of pollination and fertilization were surveyed in 21 commercial crops of field beans (16 of winter, 5 of spring) in southern Cambridgeshire (England) in 1982 and 1983. During the first part of the flowering season of winter beans, from 30 to 75% of flowers were not pollinated, and thus could not set pods. Where the pollination was largely spontaneous, relatively few pollinated flowers were fertilized and within them, relatively few ovules were fertilized. Later in the season and through most of the spring-bean flowering season, over 90% of flowers were pollinated and over 75% of ovules were fertilized. Incidences of pollination and fertilization varied greatly among the fields, and provision of hives of honeybees in fields of winter beans was associated with an improvement in the incidence of pollination from poor to moderate in 1983 but not in 1982. It is concluded that the incidence of pollination in many fields of winter beans is too low early in the season for an optimum distribution of yield along the stems.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-06-2020
DOI: 10.3390/FOODS9060755
Abstract: Faba bean protein has good functionalities, but it is little used in the food industry. This study identified a challenge from unfavourable starch gelation when utilizing faba bean for producing protein-based emulsion gel foods, and developed processing methods to overcome that. Two types of protein-based emulsion gel foods, namely yogurt and tofu analogue products, were prepared. The processing methods in this study involved steps of thermal pre-treatment of the beans, dehulling, milling, adding plant oil, homogenization, prevention of starch gelation, and inducing protein gelation. Two methods for preventing starch gelation were studied, namely starch removal and hydrolysis. The gel texture, water-holding capacity, and structural properties of the gel products were evaluated. Both starch-gelation prevention methods produced yogurt and tofu analogue products having typical emulsion gel properties. Hydrolysis of starch was favourable for producing the yogurt analogue, because the hydrolysate compounds improved the gel strength and viscosity. Moreover, it utilized the whole flour, meaning all the nutrients from the cotyledon were used and no side-stream was created. In contrast, starch removal was slightly better than hydrolysis for producing the tofu analogue, because the hydrolysate lowered the gel strength and water-holding capacity of the products. It is both possible and ecologically sustainable to utilize whole faba bean flour for making emulsion gel products.
Publisher: Unpublished
Date: 2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-02-2002
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 06-08-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S1479262118000205
Abstract: Here we review the potential of ILB 938 (IG 12132 – doi: 10.18730/60FD2), a unique faba bean accession originating from the Andean region of Colombia and Ecuador, maintained at ICARDA – International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, with resistance to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses and carrying some useful morphological markers. It has been used as a donor of leaf-related drought adaptation traits and chocolate spot ( Botrytis fabae ) resistance genes in faba bean breeding programmes worldwide. From generated populations of recombinant inbred lines, quantitative traits loci associated with these useful traits have been mapped. Other markers, such as a lack of stipule-spot pigmentation and clinging pod wall, show the presence of unusual changes in biochemical pathways that may have economic value in the future.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-04-2019
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/AR00120
Abstract: 0 in daily maximum temperature to 40al of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40s. One treatment comprised a rapid increase to 40°C, which was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40°C, giving a total of 45 degree-days above control conditions (45 DD/stepped). The 15 DD/40°C heat treatment accelerated plant maturity and resulted in drastically decreased seed weight, and therefore yield, compared with the control, whereas the 45 DD/stepped treatment had much less effect on the 3 lines, particularly Oscar. Oil concentration of the seed was reduced following the 15 DD/40. The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40al of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40s. One treatment comprised a rapid increase to 40°C, which was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40°C, giving a total of 45 degree-days above control conditions (45 DD/stepped). The 15 DD/40h was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40al of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40s. One treatment comprised a rapid increase to 40°C, which was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40°C, giving a total of 45 degree-days above control conditions (45 DD/stepped). The 15 DD/40°C heat treatment accelerated plant maturity and resulted in drastically decreased seed weight, and therefore yield, compared with the control, whereas the 45 DD/stepped treatment had much less effect on the 3 lines, particularly Oscar. Oil concentration of the seed was reduced following the 15 DD/40°C treatment by a half in Range, a quarter in Monty, and a fifth in Oscar, in contrast to reductions of a third, a tenth, and nil following the 45 DD/stepped treatment. The 15 DD/40The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40°C, giving a total of 45 degree-days above control conditions (45 DD/stepped). The 15 DD/40h was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40al of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40s. One treatment comprised a rapid increase to 40°C, which was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40°C, giving a total of 45 degree-days above control conditions (45 DD/stepped). The 15 DD/40°C heat treatment accelerated plant maturity and resulted in drastically decreased seed weight, and therefore yield, compared with the control, whereas the 45 DD/stepped treatment had much less effect on the 3 lines, particularly Oscar. Oil concentration of the seed was reduced following the 15 DD/40. The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40al of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40s. One treatment comprised a rapid increase to 40°C, which was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40°C, giving a total of 45 degree-days above control conditions (45 DD/stepped). The 15 DD/40h was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40al of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40s. One treatment comprised a rapid increase to 40°C, which was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40°C, giving a total of 45 degree-days above control conditions (45 DD/stepped). The 15 DD/40°C heat treatment accelerated plant maturity and resulted in drastically decreased seed weight, and therefore yield, compared with the control, whereas the 45 DD/stepped treatment had much less effect on the 3 lines, particularly Oscar. Oil concentration of the seed was reduced following the 15 DD/40°C treatment by a half in Range, a quarter in Monty, and a fifth in Oscar, in contrast to reductions of a third, a tenth, and nil following the 45 DD/stepped treatment. The 15 DD/40°C stress was also associated with much greater increases in protein and glucosinolate concentrations over control values than the 45 DD/stepped stress. The 15 DD/40/40h was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40al of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40s. One treatment comprised a rapid increase to 40°C, which was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40°C, giving a total of 45 degree-days above control conditions (45 DD/stepped). The 15 DD/40°C heat treatment accelerated plant maturity and resulted in drastically decreased seed weight, and therefore yield, compared with the control, whereas the 45 DD/stepped treatment had much less effect on the 3 lines, particularly Oscar. Oil concentration of the seed was reduced following the 15 DD/40. The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40al of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40s. One treatment comprised a rapid increase to 40°C, which was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40°C, giving a total of 45 degree-days above control conditions (45 DD/stepped). The 15 DD/40h was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40al of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40s. One treatment comprised a rapid increase to 40°C, which was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40°C, giving a total of 45 degree-days above control conditions (45 DD/stepped). The 15 DD/40°C heat treatment accelerated plant maturity and resulted in drastically decreased seed weight, and therefore yield, compared with the control, whereas the 45 DD/stepped treatment had much less effect on the 3 lines, particularly Oscar. Oil concentration of the seed was reduced following the 15 DD/40°C treatment by a half in Range, a quarter in Monty, and a fifth in Oscar, in contrast to reductions of a third, a tenth, and nil following the 45 DD/stepped treatment. The 15 DD/40The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40°C, giving a total of 45 degree-days above control conditions (45 DD/stepped). The 15 DD/40h was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40al of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40s. One treatment comprised a rapid increase to 40°C, which was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40°C, giving a total of 45 degree-days above control conditions (45 DD/stepped). The 15 DD/40°C heat treatment accelerated plant maturity and resulted in drastically decreased seed weight, and therefore yield, compared with the control, whereas the 45 DD/stepped treatment had much less effect on the 3 lines, particularly Oscar. Oil concentration of the seed was reduced following the 15 DD/40. The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40al of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40s. One treatment comprised a rapid increase to 40°C, which was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40°C, giving a total of 45 degree-days above control conditions (45 DD/stepped). The 15 DD/40h was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40al of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40s. One treatment comprised a rapid increase to 40°C, which was then maintained for 4 h on 5 successive days, giving a total of 15 degree-days of stress (15 DD/40°C). The second treatment comprised 5 days of stepwise increase in daily maximum temperature to 40°C, giving a total of 45 degree-days above control conditions (45 DD/stepped). The 15 DD/40°C heat treatment accelerated plant maturity and resulted in drastically decreased seed weight, and therefore yield, compared with the control, whereas the 45 DD/stepped treatment had much less effect on the 3 lines, particularly Oscar. Oil concentration of the seed was reduced following the 15 DD/40°C treatment by a half in Range, a quarter in Monty, and a fifth in Oscar, in contrast to reductions of a third, a tenth, and nil following the 45 DD/stepped treatment. The 15 DD/40°C stress was also associated with much greater increases in protein and glucosinolate concentrations over control values than the 45 DD/stepped stress. The 15 DD/40°C treatment had a pronounced effect on fatty-acid composition, increasing saturated fatty-acid content and decreasing oleic acid content, in both Monty and Range but not in Oscar, whereas the 45 DD/stepped treatment had no significant effect on fatty-acid composition. These results show that although the gradual temperature increase as implemented in this experiment resulted in a greater degree-days heat load, it was not as detrimental to quality as a sudden increase. The cultivars varied in their responses to the heat load.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1071/EA99168
Abstract: Detached-organ techniques were developed, using either in idual leaves or stem segments with attached leaves, for use in genetic studies on resistance to ascochyta blight in faba beans. A single isolate of Ascochyta fabae, A26, was used to infect the highly resistant population ILB 752, moderately resistant cultivar Fiord and highly susceptible population NEB 463. Cultural conditions were established that maintained the detached organs in good condition for more than the 10 days required for disease symptoms to be expressed. Detached organs were scored for presence, number and size of lesions and also for number of lesions bearing pycnidia. Spore suspensions of 5 x 102 to 2 x 106 per mL were used, with 5 x 104 providing as much infection as greater concentrations. Leaves and stems were taken from 3-, 5- or 7-week-old plants. Younger plant parts were more susceptible than older ones and plants aged 3–5 weeks provided adequate material for the tests. The susceptibility of the 3 accessions in these experimental conditions followed the order expected from field trials.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry
Date: 06-12-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-1999
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2000
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1986
DOI: 10.1111/J.1439-0523.1986.TB01048.X
Abstract: Differences in the expression of autofertility and in the evidence of attractiveness to bees were investigated in both autumn‐sown and spring‐sown faba beans. All six winter stocks and one spring stock expressed very little autofertility, with averages of only 10% of flowers and 7% of ovules fertilized when undisturbed. Three other spring stocks, including a closed‐flower population, were moderately autofertile, with 22% of flowers and 17% of ovules fertilized when undisturbed. The remaining two spring stocks, both English cultivars, expressed good autofertility, with 50% of undisturbed flowers and 44% of ovules fertilized. Current levels of autofertility in the winter and closed‐flower stocks were inadequate to allow the development of a desirable distribution of pods without substantial bee visitation. If levels of autofertility could be raised simply by selection within populations, then they should have been much higher in these stocks. Therefore, autofertile parents will probably have to be included in programmes for breeding cultivars with improved levels of auto fertility. The closed‐flower population received significantly less bee visitation than the other stocks in the spring trial. No variation in attractiveness to bees was found among the open‐flowered spring stocks, nor among the winter stocks.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2016.07.108
Abstract: Elimination of celiac-toxic prolamin peptides and proteins is essential for Triticeae products to be gluten-free. Instead of enzymatic hydrolysis, in this study we investigated metal-catalyzed oxidation of two model peptides, QQPFP, and PQPQLPY, together with a hordein isolate from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We established a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) LC-MS method to detect and quantify proline oxidation fragments. In addition to fragmentation, aggregation and side chain modifications were identified, including free thiol loss, carbonyl formation, and dityrosine formation. The immunoreactivity of the oxidized hordein isolate was considerably decreased in all metal-catalyzed oxidation systems. Cleavage of peptides or protein fragments at the numerous proline residues partially accounts for the decrease. Metal-catalyzed oxidation can thus be used in the modification and elimination of celiac-toxic peptides and proteins.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/AR00003
Abstract: Five parent populations of faba bean, differing in reaction to rust disease, were crossed to prepare a complete diallel of F1 hybrids. Detached leaves of the parents and F1 hybrids were challenged with 3 Australian rust populations and symptom development was monitored from 11 to 16 days after inoculation, using a disease score related to the percentage of leaf area covered with pustules, and a nominal value for pustule size. Additive gene action was very important in determining the response to rust disease, with ILB 3025 and ILB 3107 having similar low disease scores, Fiord and Acc 327 having high values, and Icarus an intermediate value. Cytoplasmic effects were also critical, with ILB 3025 having the most susceptible cytoplasm and ILB 3107 the most resistant, and this was most readily detected in terms of the size of the pustule. Heterosis conferred slightly lower disease scores and dominance was significant but of lesser importance than additive gene action, particularly for disease score. Rust population host gene action interactions were significant by the end of the observation period, but were much smaller than the main effects. The hybrid ILB 3107 ILB 3025 had less disease development than either parent, indicating the potential for developing more resistant cultivars using transgressive segregation. ILB 3107 shows particular promise for use as a female line as it had both nuclear and cytoplasmic factors to contribute to the development of resistant cultivars.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-11-2015
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1515/DIALECT-2013-0008
Abstract: In the Fertile Crescent, grain legumes such as peas, lentils and faba beans were domesticated at about the same time as wheat and barley. In most branches of the Uralic language family, the words for pea have common roots, with the exception of the borrowings in the Finnic and Para-Finnic groups from Baltic and in Hungarian from Turkic. These results suggest that the pea may be an ancient crop among the Uralic peoples, with those who migrated losing the original Uralic word for it and borrowing it later from the non-Uralic peoples. Alternatively, the pea may have arrived after the Hungarian and Finnic peoples had migrated from the Uralic homeland. Moreover, words for lentil are clearly borrowed from neighbouring cultures, while words for faba bean are either derived from those for pea or borrowed from other cultures, demonstrating they were not among the first crops to be used by any of the Uralic peoples.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2001
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2000
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-10-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-09-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-014-2383-Y
Abstract: We have identified QTLs for stomatal characteristics on chromosome II of faba bean by applying SNPs derived from M. truncatula , and have identified candidate genes within these QTLs using synteny between the two species. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a valuable food and feed crop worldwide, but drought often limits its production, and its genome is large and poorly mapped. No information is available on the effects of genomic regions and genes on drought adaptation characters such as stomatal characteristics in this species, but the synteny between the sequenced model legume, Medicago truncatula, and faba bean can be used to identify candidate genes. A mapping population of 211 F5 recombinant inbred lines (Mélodie/2 × ILB 938/2) were phenotyped to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting stomatal morphology and function, along with seed weight, under well-watered conditions in a climate-controlled glasshouse in 2013 and 2014. Canopy temperature (CT) was evaluated in 2013 under water-deficit (CTd). In total, 188 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), developed from M. truncatula genome data, were assigned to nine linkage groups that covered ~928 cM of the faba bean genome with an average inter-marker distance of 5.8 cM. 15 putative QTLs were detected, of which eight (affecting stomatal density, length and conductance and CT) co-located on chromosome II, in the vicinity of a possible candidate gene-a receptor-like protein kinase found in the syntenic interval of M. truncatula chromosome IV. A ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase from M. truncatula chromosome V, postulated as a possible candidate gene for the QTL for CTd, was found some distance away in the same chromosome. These results demonstrate that genomic information from M. truncatula can successfully be translated to the faba bean genome.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1999
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-03-2014
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 02-1993
DOI: 10.1017/S0021859600073627
Abstract: The duration of flowering was investigated in 14 accessions of indeterminate faba (field) beans ( Vicia faba L.) planted near Adelaide, South Australia in 1986 and 1987. All flowers and young pods were removed from plants at 4–7 day intervals. Plants of ‘Mediterranean’ origin produced 20–30 flowering nodes while those of European ‘spring bean’ type produced up to 50. Terminal inflorescences were eventually produced in all accessions. In control plants, the number of days between anthesis at successive nodes was partly dependent on nocturnal minimum temperature and varied very little between genotypes. It should be possible to make best use of the growing season by optimizing the potential production of nodes, but there is little opportunity for manipulating the rate of their appearance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2012.07.105
Abstract: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the staple crop of Nicaragua, provides protein and nonhaem iron, but inhibitors such as phytate may prevent absorption of iron and zinc by the consumer. Warehouses in Nicaragua do not have controlled atmospheres, so beans are exposed to high temperatures and humidities that may accelerate quality loss. To evaluate the impact of 6months of storage on quality, four national accessions of common bean were submitted to two treatments, a conventional warehouse with uncontrolled temperature and humidity, and accelerated ageing at 40°C and 75% RH. Iron content was 61-81mg/kg of which 3-4% was bioavailable, and zinc content was 21-25mg/kg, of which 10-12% was bioavailable. Bioavailability generally increased in storage, significantly so in year-old INTA Linea 628 in accelerated ageing. The concentration of phytate was 8.6-9.6mg/g and it contained 54-63% of the total phosphorus. Improvement in bioavailability of alent cations is needed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2000
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2000
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-05-2001
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-03-2017
Abstract: The concentration of residual barley prolamin (hordein) in gluten-free products is overestimated by the R5 ELISA method when calibrated against the wheat gliadin standard. The reason for this may be that the composition of the gliadin standard is different from the composition of hordeins. This study showed that the recognition of whole hordein by R5 antibody mainly came from C-hordein, which is more reactive than the other hordeins. The proportion of C-hordein in total hordein ranged from 16 to 33% of common Finnish barley cultivars used in this study and was always higher than that of ω-gliadin, the homologous protein class in the gliadin standard, which may account for the overestimation. Thus, a hordein standard is needed for barley prolamin quantification instead of the gliadin standard. When gluten-free oat flour was spiked with barley flour, the prolamin concentration was overestimated 1.8-2.5 times with the gliadin standard, whereas estimates in the correct range were obtained when the standard was 40% C-hordein mixed with an inert protein. A preparative-scale method was developed to isolate and purify C-hordein, and C-hordein is proposed as a reference material to calibrate barley prolamin quantification in R5-based assays.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-11-2015
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 15-06-2015
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1993
DOI: 10.1071/AR9931415
Abstract: Protein and yield data were obtained from South Australian and Interstate pea and lentil variety trials conducted between 1986 and 1989, covering 94 pea and 58 lentil genotypes. Crude protein concentration varied significantly across sites and averaged 25.0% in peas and 24.4% in lentils. Protein concentration was not significantly correlated with yield at most in idual sites. Minimum protein concentration in peas was 1.6% below the mean of three check cultivars in line RA155, while the maximum was 2.3% above that mean in lines P255-2 and P262-1. In lentils the range was 1.2% above the check mean in ILL5562 and 1.0% below in ILL6017. A further lentil genotype, 'Chilean', was 6.0% above controls, but was inadequately replicated in these trials. Genotypic variation in pea and lentil protein concentration was lower than in many other species, but the lack of correlation between protein and yield suggests that independent selection of both characters during breeding is possible and should be successful without the rate of gain in one trait being reduced by that in the other.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2013.02.004
Abstract: Recycling nutrients saves energy and improves agricultural sustainability. Sewage sludge contains 2.6% P and 3.1% N, so the availability of these nutrients was investigated using four crops grown in either soil or sand. Further attention was paid to the role of mycorrhiza in improvement of nutrient availability. The content of heavy metals and metalloids in the feedstock was analyzed. Sewage sludge application resulted in greater biomass accumulation in ryegrass than comparable single applications of either synthetic fertilizer or digested sludge. Sewage sludge application resulted in more numerous mycorrhizal spores in soil and increased root colonization in comparison to synthetic fertilizer. All plants studied had mycorrhizal colonized roots, with the highest colonization rate in maize, followed by hemp. Sewage sludge application resulted in the highest P uptake in all soil-grown plants. In conclusion, sewage sludge application increased feedstock yield, provided beneficial use for organic wastes, and contributed to the sustainability of bioenergy feedstock production systems. It also improves the soil conditions and plant nutrition through colonization by mycorrhizal fungi as well as reducing leaching and need of synthetic fertilizers.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/AR03200
Abstract: Abstract The release of rice cultivars with improved performance in saline environments is reliant on an understanding of the genetic control of plant and panicle characters in plants exposed to salinity. The regulation of agro-physiological characters of rice plants grown in a saline environment was thus investigated. A complete diallel cross was prepared from 8 parental rice accessions with a range of tolerances to salinity. F1 hybrids and parents were grown in saline-sodic soil in artificially constructed salinity blocks. At maturity, the plant height, productive tiller number per plant, panicle length, primary branch number per panicle, panicle fertility, time to maturity, shoot dry weight, shoot Na, Ca, and K concentrations, and paddy yield were recorded. Additive and dominant genetic effects contributed significantly to the total heritable variation observed for plant height, panicle length, and sodium and potassium shoot concentrations. Additive genetic effects were important for the expression of variation of productive tiller number per plant and the number of primary branches per panicle, while dominant genetic effects were important for the expression of variation of the number of days to maturity. Plant height and primary branch number per panicle are traits that may be readily improved by selection in saline environments.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-10-2022
DOI: 10.1002/FES3.427
Abstract: Sustainable farming systems provide food for humans while balancing nutrient management. Inclusion or exclusion of livestock has nutrient management implications, as livestock produce food from otherwise inedible crops and their manure is a valuable soil conditioner. However, plant‐based diets are becoming more widespread due to perceived environmental benefits. We measure both food production in terms of nourishment to humans (in this study measured by protein, fat, starch and sugar production) and nutrient sustainability in terms of fertiliser use of six rotational farming systems with differences in nutrient management approaches. The arable practices included were the application of synthetic fertilisers, a range of organic amendments, incorporation of crop residues and legume cultivation. Livestock and associated products were included in some systems but excluded in others. The production of protein, fat, starch and sugar was combined with the balance of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) into an overall measure of nutrient use efficiency of human macronutrient production. Across all systems considered, N use efficiency (5–13 kg protein/kg applied N) was lower than P (84–772 kg protein/kg applied P) or K (63–2060 kg protein/kg applied K), and combining synthetic fertiliser use with organic amendment applications raised production significantly while balancing P and K management, regardless of which organic amendment was used. Legume‐supported rotations without livestock produced more protein, starch and sugar per unit area than those with livestock. Nutrient balances and nutrient use efficiencies were more sensitive to management changes than purely food production. Using this approach allowed us to identify areas for improvement in food production based on the specific nutritional value of offtakes as opposed to yield overall.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-08-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Publisher: PeerJ
Date: 08-02-2017
DOI: 10.7717/PEERJ.2963
Abstract: Faba bean is an important starch-based protein crop produced worldwide. Soil acidity and aluminium toxicity are major abiotic stresses affecting its production, so in regions where soil acidity is a problem, there is a gap between the potential and actual productivity of the crop. Hence, we set out to evaluate acidity and aluminium tolerance in a range of faba bean germplasm using solution culture and pot experiments. A set of 30 accessions was collected from regions where acidity and aluminium are or are not problems. The accessions were grown in solution culture and a subset of 10 was grown first in peat and later in perlite potting media. In solution culture, morphological parameters including taproot length, root regrowth and root tolerance index were measured, and in the pot experiments the key measurements were taproot length, plant biomass, chlorophyll concentration and stomatal conductance. Responses to acidity and aluminium were apparently independent. Accessions Dosha and NC 58 were tolerant to both stress. Kassa and GLA 1103 were tolerant to acidity showing less than 3% reduction in taproot length. Aurora and Messay were tolerant to aluminium. Babylon was sensitive to both, with up to 40% reduction in taproot length from acidity and no detectable recovery from Al 3+ challenge. The apparent independence of the responses to acidity and aluminium is in agreement with the previous research findings, suggesting that crop accessions separately adapt to H + and Al 3+ toxicity as a result of the difference in the nature of soil parent materials where the accession originated. Differences in rankings between experiments were minor and attributable to heterogeneity of seed materials and the specific responses of accessions to the rooting media. Use of perlite as a potting medium offers an ideal combination of throughput, inertness of support medium, access to leaves for detection of their stress responses, and harvest of clean roots for evaluation of their growth.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2001
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-02-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JAC.12200
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-03-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 27-02-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.26.966523
Abstract: Faba bean is a widely adapted and high-yielding legume cultivated for its protein-rich seeds 1 . However, the seeds accumulate the anti-nutritional pyrimidine glucosides vicine and convicine, which can cause haemolytic anaemia—favism—in the 400 million in iduals genetically predisposed by a deficiency in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 . Here, we identify the first enzyme associated with vicine and convicine biosynthesis, which we name VC1. We show that VC1 co-locates with the major QTL for vicine and convicine content and that the expression of VC1 correlates highly with vicine content across tissues. We also show that low-vicine varieties express a version of VC1 carrying a small, frame-shift insertion, and that overexpression of wild-type VC1 leads to an increase in vicine levels. VC1 encodes a functional GTP cyclohydrolase II, an enzyme normally involved in riboflavin biosynthesis from the purine GTP. Through feeding studies, we demonstrate that GTP is a precursor of vicine both in faba bean and in the distantly related plant bitter gourd. Our results reveal an unexpected biosynthetic origin for vicine and convicine and pave the way for the development of faba bean cultivars that are free from these anti-nutrients, providing a safe and sustainable source of dietary protein.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-10-2015
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 15-07-1979
DOI: 10.1139/B79-185
Abstract: The development of the union of pea roots splice grafted when 8 days old is followed with optical microscopy. Cell isions are induced close to the wound in both partners in 1 to 2 days. Content of cytoplasm increases in some cells of the pith, cambium, pericycle, and cortex, and these cells proliferate to form both disorganized callus within the vascular cylinder and organized nodules of cells in the cortex of each partner. There is more proliferation proximal to the graft. The resulting cells invade the graft gap, completely filling it and effecting union by day 7. The first wound-repair vascular tissue differentiates on day 4 in both partners. Wound-repair xylem bridges the union on day 7, phloem on day 8, and a cambium by day 12. The necrotic layer (cells killed by cutting), initially thick, is disrupted by day 4 and largely disappears, as do its phenolic staining properties, by the time of cohesion. Growth of the whole plant resumes by day 9. During development of the union, the cortex and pith proliferate most, the pericycle less, the endodermis and cambium least, thus disproving the dogma that the cambium is the sole proliferative layer in graft formation.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 08-09-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-10-2015
DOI: 10.1002/JSFA.6920
Abstract: Boreal cropping systems are heavily focused on the production of small-grain cereals to improve their resilience to climate change and to achieve food and feed security, ersification is needed. This study investigated the potential of faba bean, narrow-leafed lupin and lentil as protein crops in southern Finland, where faba bean is traditional but the other two are novel. Early cultivars of narrow-leafed lupin and lentil matured adequately. Protein concentration in faba bean was, at 32%, higher than the world average of 29%, while those of narrow-leafed lupin and lentil were close to their world averages. Protein yields decreased in the order faba bean > narrow-leafed lupin > lentil. Lipid content of faba bean and lentil was about 1.2% and that of narrow-leafed lupin about 5.5%, and fatty acid composition was largely oleic and linoleic in all three species. Both lentil and narrow-leafed lupin can be added to the range of feed and food crops produced at high latitudes in Europe. While faba bean produces the greatest protein yield and lysine concentration, the higher sulfur amino acid concentration in lupin, its oil content and its adaptation to acid, sandy soils not suitable for faba bean make it an attractive alternative.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 05-08-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2015.06.052
Abstract: Soil contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons is a global problem. Phytoremediation by plants and their associated microorganisms is a cost-effective strategy to degrade soil contaminants. In boreal regions the cool climate limits the efficiency of phytoremediation. The planting of oil-tolerant perennial crops, especially legumes, in oil-contaminated soil holds promise for great economic benefits for bioenergy and bio-fertilizer production while accelerating the oil degradation process. We established a multi-year field experiment to study the ecological and agronomic feasibility of phytoremediation by a legume (fodder galega) and a grass (smooth brome) in a boreal climate. In 40 months, soil oil content decreased by 73%-92%, depending on the crop type. The oil degradation followed first-order kinetics with the reduction rates decreasing as follows: bare fallow > galega-brome grass mixture > brome grass > galega. Surprisingly, the presence of oil enhanced crop dry matter and nitrogen yield, particularly in the fourth year. The unfertilized galega-brome grass mixture out-yielded the N-fertilized pure grass swards over years by an average of 33%. Thus, a perennial legume-grass mixture is both ecologically and agronomically sustainable as a cropping system to alleviate soil contamination in the boreal zone, with considerable potential for bioenergy and bio-fertilizer production.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2000
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERX075
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-02-2021
DOI: 10.1002/LEG3.75
Abstract: Faba bean ( Vicia faba L.), a member of the Fabaceae family, is one of the important food legumes cultivated in cool temperate regions. It holds great importance for human consumption and livestock feed because of its high protein content, dietary fibre, and nutritional value. Major faba bean breeding challenges include its mixed breeding system, unknown wild progenitor, and genome size of ~13 Gb, which is the largest among diploid field crops. The key breeding objectives in faba bean include improved resistance to biotic and abiotic stress and enhanced seed quality traits. Regarding quality traits, major progress on reduction of vicine‐convicine and seed coat tannins, the main anti‐nutritional factors limiting faba bean seed usage, have been recently achieved through gene discovery. Genomic resources are relatively less advanced compared with other grain legume species, but significant improvements are underway due to a recent increase in research activities. A number of bi‐parental populations have been constructed and mapped for targeted traits in the last decade. Faba bean now benefits from saturated synteny‐based genetic maps, along with next‐generation sequencing and high‐throughput genotyping technologies that are paving the way for marker‐assisted selection. Developing a reference genome, and ultimately a pan‐genome, will provide a foundational resource for molecular breeding. In this review, we cover the recent development and deployment of genomic tools for faba bean breeding.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1998
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2011
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1987
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-07-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2002
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2000
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-01-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2000
Publisher: Agricultural and Food Science
Date: 30-09-2018
DOI: 10.23986/AFSCI.70110
Abstract: Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) produces substantial shoots not used as food. To test its potential as a sustainable bioenergy crop, we studied the effects of synthetic fertilizer and intercropped legumes as nitrogen (N) sources on the growth, aboveground biomass dry matter yield and energy qualities of this crop. Plant height, leaf area index (LAI), SPAD-value, biomass yield, ash content and mineral element composition were determined. Mean aboveground biomass yields were not significantly affected by N source (legume intercrops and synthetic fertilizer) and ranged from 13 to 17 t ha-1. Remarkably, plants given no fertilizer yielded equally to plants given 90 N kg ha-1. These results confirm that Jerusalem artichoke, compared to other energy crops, have less need for N and can potentially be sustained by N fixing legumes in an intercropped system. This could reduce or eliminate production and environmental cost in cultivation of biomass feedstock for energy use.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S1479262118000242
Abstract: Faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) is a valuable grain legume and a staple protein crop in many countries. Its large and complex genome requires novel approaches for its genetic dissection. Here we introduce a multi-parent population developed from four founders (ILB 938/2, Disco/2, IG 114476 and IG 132238). The selection of parental lines was based on geographic (Colombia, France, Bangladesh and China), genetic and phenotypic ersity. The parental lines were inbred and then genotyped using 875 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Based on molecular data, the parents had high homozygosity and high genetic distance among them. The population segregates for several important traits such as seed morphology, seed chemistry, phenology, plant architecture, drought response, yield and its components, and resistance to Botrytis fabae. The population was checked for unbiased segregation in each generation by observing simply inherited Mendelian traits such as stipule spot pigmentation (SSP) and flower colour at different generations. All 1200 four-way cross F1 plants had pigmented flowers and stipule spots. The segregation ratios for white flower colour (single gene, zt2 ) fit 7:1, 13:3 and 25:7 at F2, F3 and F4 generations, respectively, and the segregation ratio of SSP (two recessive unlinked genes, ssp1 and ssp2 ) fit 49:15 and 169:87 at the F2 and F3 generations, respectively, demonstrating unbiased generation advance. We will subject the F5 generation of this population to a high-throughput SNP array and make it available for further phenotyping and genotyping.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2006
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-04-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2010
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-12-2020
DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202012.0372.V1
Abstract: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.), a member of the Fabaceae family, is one of the important food legumes cultivated in cool temperate regions. It holds great importance for human consumption and livestock feed because of its high protein content, dietary fibre, and nutritional value. Major faba bean breeding challenges include its mixed breeding system, unknown wild progenitor, and genome size of ~13 Gb, which is the largest among diploid field crops. The key breeding objectives in faba bean include improved resistance to biotic and abiotic stress and enhanced seed quality traits. Major progress on reduction of vicine-convicine and seed coat tannins, the main anti-nutritional factors limiting faba bean seed usage, have been recently achieved through gene discovery. Genomic resources are relatively less advanced compared to other grain legume species, but significant improvements are underway due to a recent significant increase in research activities. A number of bi-parental populations have been constructed and mapped for targeted traits in the last decade. Faba bean now benefits from saturated synteny‐based genetic maps, along with next-generation sequencing and high-throughput genotyping technologies that are paving the way for marker-assisted selection. Developing a reference genome, and ultimately a pan-genome, will provide a foundational resource for molecular breeding. In this review, we cover the recent development and deployment of genomic tools for faba bean breeding.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-01-2023
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCAD006
Abstract: Limiting maximum transpiration rate (TR) under high vapour pressure deficit (VPD) works as a water conservation strategy. While some breeding programmes have incorporated this trait into some crops to boost yields in water-limited environments, its underlying physiological mechanisms and genetic regulation remain unknown for faba bean (Vicia faba). Thus, we aimed to identify genetic variation in the TR response to VPD in a population of faba bean recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from two parental lines with contrasting water use (Mélodie/2 and ILB 938/2). Plants were grown in well-watered soil in a climate-controlled glasshouse with diurnally fluctuating VPD and light conditions. Whole plant transpiration was measured in a gas exchange chamber that tightly regulated VPD around the shoot under constant light, while whole-plant hydraulic conductance and its components (root and stem hydraulic conductance) were calculated from iding TR by water potential gradients measured with a pressure chamber. Although TR of Mélodie/2 increased linearly with VPD, ILB 938/2 limited its TR above 2.0 kPa. Nevertheless, Mélodie/2 had a higher leaf water potential than ILB 938/2 at both low (1.0 kPa) and high (3.2 kPa) VPD. Almost 90 % of the RILs limited their TR at high VPD with a break-point (BP) range of 1.5–3.0 kPa and about 10 % had a linear TR response to VPD. Thirteen genomic regions contributing to minimum and maximum transpiration, and whole-plant and root hydraulic conductance, were identified on chromosomes 1 and 3, while one locus associated with BP transpiration was identified on chromosome 5. This study provides insight into the physiological and genetic control of transpiration in faba bean and opportunities for marker-assisted selection to improve its performance in water-limited environments.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2015
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 30-04-2013
DOI: 10.1017/S1479262113000105
Abstract: Vicine and convicine are anti-nutritional compounds that accumulate in the cotyledons of faba beans. When humans consume beans with high levels of these compounds, it can cause a condition called favism in in iduals harbouring a deficiency in the activity of their glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. When faba beans are used in animal feeds, there can be effects on performance. These concerns have resulted in increasing interest within plant breeding in developing low vicine and convicine faba bean germplasm. In order to facilitate this objective, we developed a rapid and robust screening method for vicine and convicine, capable of distinguishing between faba beans that are either high (wild type) or low in vicine and convicine. In the absence of reliable commercial reference materials, we report an adaptation of a previously published method where a biochemical assay and spectral data were used to confirm the identity of our analytes, vicine and convicine. This method could be readily adopted in other facilities and open the way to the efficient exploitation of erse germplasm in regions where faba beans play a significant role in human nutrition. We screened a collection of germplasm of interest to a collaborative plant breeding programme developing between the National Institute for Agricultural Botany in the UK and L'Institut Nationale d'Agronomie de Tunisie in Tunisia. We report the results obtained and discuss the prospects for developing molecular markers for the low vicine and convicine trait.
Publisher: PeerJ
Date: 21-02-2018
DOI: 10.7717/PEERJ.4401
Abstract: Soil moisture deficiency causes yield reduction and instability in faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) production. The extent of sensitivity to drought stress varies across accessions originating from erse moisture regimes of the world. Hence, we conducted successive greenhouse experiments in pots and rhizotrons to explore ersity in root responses to soil water deficit. A set of 89 accessions from wet and dry growing regions of the world was defined according to the Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy and screened in a perlite-sand medium under well watered conditions in a greenhouse experiment. Stomatal conductance, canopy temperature, chlorophyll concentration, and root and shoot dry weights were recorded during the fifth week of growth. Eight accessions representing the range of responses were selected for further investigation. Starting five days after germination, they were subjected to a root phenotyping experiment using the automated phenotyping platform GROWSCREEN-Rhizo. The rhizotrons were filled with peat-soil under well watered and water limited conditions. Root architectural traits were recorded five, 12, and 19 days after the treatment (DAT) began. In the germplasm survey, accessions from dry regions showed significantly higher values of chlorophyll concentration, shoot and root dry weights than those from wet regions. Root and shoot dry weight as well as seed weight, and chlorophyll concentration were positively correlated with each other. Accession DS70622 combined higher values of root and shoot dry weight than the rest. The experiment in GROWSCREEN-Rhizo showed large differences in root response to water deficit. The accession by treatment interactions in taproot and second order lateral root lengths were significant at 12 and 19 DAT, and the taproot length was reduced up to 57% by drought. The longest and deepest root systems under both treatment conditions were recorded by DS70622 and DS11320, and total root length of DS70622 was three times longer than that of WS99501, the shortest rooted accession. The maximum horizontal distribution of a root system and root surface coverage were positively correlated with taproot and total root lengths and root system depth. DS70622 and WS99501 combined maximum and minimum values of these traits, respectively. Thus, roots of DS70622 and DS11320, from dry regions, showed drought-avoidance characteristics whereas those of WS99501 and Mèlodie/2, from wet regions, showed the opposite. The combination of the germplasm survey and use of GROWSCREEN-Rhizo allowed exploring of adaptive traits and detection of root phenotypic markers for potential drought avoidance. The greater root system depth and root surface coverage, exemplified by DS70622 and DS11320, can now be tested as new sources of drought tolerance.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1007/BF00036705
Publisher: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing
Date: 18-01-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00036704
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.1071/AR98204
Abstract: Fifty-two isolates of Ascochyta fabae were established from 23 collections made in 3 States of Australia and were purified through 2 cycles of single-spore isolation. The isolates were evaluated for spore size, spore production, colony diameter, aerial mycelium, and pycnidia production. Variation in all of these traits among related single-spore cultures was comparable to that among unrelated ones and only colony diameter varied significantly among isolates. Spore size was 3–6 by 10–26 µm. Eight of these 52 isolates were chosen for further investigations of pathogenicity characteristics using 8 populations of faba bean. Plants were scored daily for rate of appearance of symptoms and then 15 and 21 days after inoculation for lesion size and number, production of pycnidia on the lesions and overall disease score. Leaves and stems reacted differently to the disease, with one isolate producing many leaf lesions but few stem lesions on one bean accession but many stem lesions on another. Lesion size was not strongly correlated with the other measures of disease. Resistant accessions had longer incubation periods, fewer total lesions and fewer pycnidia-producing lesions than susceptible accessions. The 8 isolates on the 8 bean accessions showed 7 distinct patterns of resistance. The results showed that in southern Australia, A. fabae exhibited great variability which was incompatible with classification into biologically meaningful pathotypes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-06-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-08-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1993
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 26-09-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.09.23.509015
Abstract: Increasing the proportion of locally produced plant protein in currently meat-rich diets could substantially reduce greenhouse gas emission and loss of bio ersity. However, plant protein production is h ered by the lack of a cool-season legume equivalent to soybean in agronomic value. Faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) has a high yield potential and is well-suited for cultivation in temperate regions, but genomic resources are scarce. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly of the faba bean genome and show that it has grown to a massive 13 Gb in size through an imbalance between the rates of lification and elimination of retrotransposons and satellite repeats. Genes and recombination events are evenly dispersed across chromosomes and the gene space is remarkably compact considering the genome size, though with significant copy number variation driven by tandem duplication. Demonstrating practical application of the genome sequence, we develop a targeted genotyping assay and use high-resolution genome-wide association (GWA) analysis to dissect the genetic basis of hilum colour. The resources presented constitute a genomics-based breeding platform for faba bean, enabling breeders and geneticists to accelerate improvement of sustainable protein production across Mediterranean, subtropical, and northern temperate agro-ecological zones.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-11-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-019-54168-0
Abstract: Genome walking (GW) refers to the capture and sequencing of unknown regions in a long DNA molecule that are adjacent to a region with a known sequence. A novel PCR-based method, palindromic sequence-targeted PCR (PST-PCR), was developed. PST-PCR is based on a distinctive design of walking primers and special thermal cycling conditions. The walking primers (PST primers) match palindromic sequences (PST sites) that are randomly distributed in natural DNA. The PST primers have palindromic sequences at their 3′-ends. Upstream of the palindromes there is a degenerate sequence (8–12 nucleotides long) defined adapters are present at the 5′-termini. The thermal cycling profile has a linear lification phase and an exponential lification phase differing in annealing temperature. Changing the annealing temperature to switch the lification phases at a defined cycle controls the balance between sensitivity and specificity. In contrast to traditional genome walking methods, PST-PCR is rapid (two to three hours to produce GW fragments) as it uses only one or two PCR rounds. Using PST-PCR, previously unknown regions (the promoter and intron 1) of the VRN1 gene of Timothy-grass ( Phleum pratense L.) were captured for sequencing. In our experience, PST-PCR had higher throughput and greater convenience in comparison to other GW methods.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-10-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-03-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41586-023-05791-5
Abstract: Increasing the proportion of locally produced plant protein in currently meat-rich diets could substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions and loss of bio ersity 1 . However, plant protein production is h ered by the lack of a cool-season legume equivalent to soybean in agronomic value 2 . Faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) has a high yield potential and is well suited for cultivation in temperate regions, but genomic resources are scarce. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly of the faba bean genome and show that it has expanded to a massive 13 Gb in size through an imbalance between the rates of lification and elimination of retrotransposons and satellite repeats. Genes and recombination events are evenly dispersed across chromosomes and the gene space is remarkably compact considering the genome size, although with substantial copy number variation driven by tandem duplication. Demonstrating practical application of the genome sequence, we develop a targeted genotyping assay and use high-resolution genome-wide association analysis to dissect the genetic basis of seed size and hilum colour. The resources presented constitute a genomics-based breeding platform for faba bean, enabling breeders and geneticists to accelerate the improvement of sustainable protein production across the Mediterranean, subtropical and northern temperate agroecological zones.
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 20-06-2014
DOI: 10.1051/OCL/2014021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2022
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Date: 09-2006
DOI: 10.1086/506330
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Fred Stoddard.