ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7494-8716
Current Organisations
University of Southern Queensland
,
Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1991
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-01-2020
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-05-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/AP06067
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02432-15
Abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the key pathogens responsible for otitis media (OM), the most common infection in children and the largest cause of childhood antibiotic prescription. Novel therapeutic strategies that reduce the overall antibiotic consumption due to OM are required because, although widespread pneumococcal conjugate immunization has controlled invasive pneumococcal disease, overall OM incidence has not decreased. Biofilm formation represents an important phenotype contributing to the antibiotic tolerance and persistence of S. pneumoniae in chronic or recurrent OM. We investigated the treatment of pneumococcal biofilms with nitric oxide (NO), an endogenous signaling molecule and therapeutic agent that has been demonstrated to trigger biofilm dispersal in other bacterial species. We hypothesized that addition of low concentrations of NO to pneumococcal biofilms would improve antibiotic efficacy and that higher concentrations exert direct antibacterial effects. Unlike in many other bacterial species, low concentrations of NO did not result in S. pneumoniae biofilm dispersal. Instead, treatment of both in vitro biofilms and ex vivo adenoid tissue s les (a reservoir for S. pneumoniae biofilms) with low concentrations of NO enhanced pneumococcal killing when combined with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, an antibiotic commonly used to treat chronic OM. Quantitative proteomic analysis using iTRAQ (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation) identified 13 proteins that were differentially expressed following low-concentration NO treatment, 85% of which function in metabolism or translation. Treatment with low-concentration NO, therefore, appears to modulate pneumococcal metabolism and may represent a novel therapeutic approach to reduce antibiotic tolerance in pneumococcal biofilms.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/AP07036
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 30-06-2011
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1071/AR9941025
Abstract: The stem blight pathogen, Phomopsis emicis, is widespread on Emex australis throughout those regions of southern Australia with a Mediterranean climate. Host specificity tests showed that P. emicis was able to cause leaf lesions or stem collapse on five closely related species, E. australis, E. spinosa, Rumex alcockii, R. dumosus and R. pulcher, in the Polygonaceae. Two of these species, R. alcockii and R. dumosus, are native to Australia and the others are introduced weeds. P. emicis was able to colonize the wounded or senescent tissue of several other plant species, thereby demonstrating its facultative saprophytic ability. There was evidence that P. emicis was able to survive as an endophyte in Muehlenbeckia adpressa and Polygonum aviculare.
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-05-16-0630-RE
Abstract: Incidence of dry flower disease of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia), expressed as blight of the flowers and necrosis and dieback of the rachis, is increasing in Australia. In the 2012–13 production season, incidence of dry flower disease resulted in 10 to 30% yield loss in the affected orchards. Etiology of the disease has not been established. This study was established to characterize the disease and identify the causal pathogen. A survey of the major macadamia-producing regions in Australia revealed dry flower disease symptoms regardless of cultivar or location at all stages of raceme development. Based on colony and conidial morphology, the majority (41%) of fungal isolates obtained from tissue s les were identified as Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis spp. The phylogeny of the combined partial sequence of the internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α gene loci segregated the isolates into two well-supported clades, independent of location or part of the inflorescence affected. Further morphological examination supported the establishment of two new species, which are formally described as Neopestalotiopsis macadamiae sp. nov. and Pestalotiopsis macadamiae sp. nov. Using spore suspensions of isolates of both species, Koch’s postulates were fulfilled on three macadamia cultivars at all stages of raceme development. To our knowledge, this is the first report of species of Neopestalotiopsis and Pestalotiopsis as causal agents of inflorescence disease in macadamia.
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 30-06-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1998
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1992
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-08-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-11-2016
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 30-06-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.NIOX.2017.02.006
Abstract: Bacterial biofilms show high tolerance towards antibiotics and are a significant problem in clinical settings where they are a primary cause of chronic infections. Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to improve anti-biofilm efficacy and support reduction in antibiotic use. Treatment with exogenous nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to modulate bacterial signaling and metabolic processes that render biofilms more susceptible to antibiotics. We previously reported on cephalosporin-3'-diazeniumdiolates (C3Ds) as NO-donor prodrugs designed to selectively deliver NO to bacterial infection sites following reaction with β-lactamases. With structures based on cephalosporins, C3Ds could, in principal, also be triggered to release NO following β-lactam cleavage mediated by transpeptidases enicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), the antibacterial target of cephalosporin antibiotics. Transpeptidase-reactive C3Ds could potentially show both NO-mediated anti-biofilm properties and intrinsic (β-lactam-mediated) antibacterial effects. This dual-activity concept was explored using Streptococcus pneumoniae, a species that lacks β-lactamases but relies on transpeptidases for cell-wall synthesis. Treatment with PYRRO-C3D (a representative C3D containing the diazeniumdiolate NO donor PYRRO-NO) was found to significantly reduce viability of planktonic and biofilm pneumococci, demonstrating that C3Ds can elicit direct, cephalosporin-like antibacterial activity in the absence of β-lactamases. While NO release from PYRRO-C3D in the presence of pneumococci was confirmed, the anti-pneumococcal action of the compound was shown to arise exclusively from the β-lactam component and not through NO-mediated effects. The compound showed similar potency to amoxicillin against S. pneumoniae biofilms and greater efficacy than azithromycin, highlighting the potential of C3Ds as new agents for treating pneumococcal infections.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-11-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1989
DOI: 10.1071/APP9890033
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 22-12-2021
DOI: 10.1128/SPECTRUM.01026-21
Abstract: To adjust to a variety of life conditions, bacteria typically use multidomain proteins, where the modular structure allows functional differentiation. Proteins responding to environmental cues and regulating physiological responses are found in chemotaxis pathways that respond to a wide range of stimuli to effect movement.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-12-2014
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.12173
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-11-2015
Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
Date: 15-06-2823
DOI: 10.3897/MYCOKEYS.35.25665
Abstract: Several unidentified specimens of Curvularia deposited in the Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium were re-examined. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer region, partial fragments of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the translation elongation factor 1-α genes, supported the introduction of 13 novel Curvularia species. Eight of the species described, namely, C.beasleyi sp. nov. , C.beerburrumensis sp. nov. , C.eragrosticola sp. nov. , C.kenpeggii sp. nov. , C.mebaldsii sp. nov. , C.petersonii sp. nov. , C.platzii sp. nov. and C.warraberensis sp. nov. , were isolated from grasses (Poaceae) exotic to Australia. Only two species, C.lamingtonensis sp. nov. and C.sporobolicola sp. nov. , were described from native Australian grasses. Two species were described from hosts in other families, namely, C.coatesiae sp. nov. from Litchichinensis (Sapindaceae) and C.colbranii sp. nov. from Crinumzeylanicum (Amaryllidaceae). Curvulariareesii sp. nov. was described from an isolate obtained from an air s le. Furthermore, DNA sequences from ex-type cultures supported the generic placement of C.neoindica and the transfer of Drechsleraboeremae to Curvularia .
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-12-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1983
DOI: 10.1007/BF00393674
Abstract: The rapidly growing knowledge regarding factors controlling tumour growth, with the new modalities of therapy acting on the biological activity of the tumours draw the attention of most cancer researches nowadays and represent a major focus for clinical oncology practice. For the detection of HER2/neu protein overexpression and gene lification, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in-situ hybridisation (ISH) is the recommended techniques, respectively, with high concordance between the two techniques. The current United Kingdom recommendations for HER2/neu testing are either for a two-tier system using IHC with reflex ISH testing in equivocal positive cases, or a one-tier ISH strategy. To compare the results of HER2/neu gene status in patients with breast carcinoma obtained by chromogenic in situ hybridisation with those obtained by immunohistochemistry, and to compare these results with hormonal receptors expression by immunohistochemistry and with age of patients. Immunohistochemistry technique was used for evaluation of status of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) and HER2/ The mean age of the study cases was 49.08 years, ranging from 24 to 83 years. Of the 448 cases of breast carcinoma, 44 (9.8%) cases were of score 0 by IHC, none of them (0%) showed HER2/neu gene lification by CISH. 71(15.8%) cases were of score 1 by IHC, 15 (21.12%) of them showed HER2/neu gene lification by CISH, all were of low lification. There were 306 (68.3%) cases of score 2 by IHC, of which 102 (33.33%) cases showed HER2/ Although immunohistochemistry is a widely used, less expensive and reliable test, we strongly advice performance of chromogenic in situ hybridization in assessment of HER2/neu gene status in all cases diagnosed with breast carcinoma as significant number of cases that were reported as negative by immunohistochemistry showed positive lification by chromogenic in situ hybridization and can get benefit from anti-HER2 targeted treatments.
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 31-12-2011
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 31-12-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-03-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1983
DOI: 10.1007/BF00393673
Abstract: Double-strand DNA breaks are repaired by one of several mechanisms that rejoin two broken ends. However, cells are challenged when asked to repair a single broken end and respond by: (1) inducing programmed cell death (2) healing the broken end by constructing a new telomere (3) adapting to the broken end and resuming the mitotic cycle without repair and (4) using information from the sister chromatid or homologous chromosome to restore a normal chromosome terminus. During one form of homolog-dependent repair in yeast, termed break-induced replication (BIR), a template chromosome can be copied for hundreds of kilobases. BIR efficiency depends on Pif1 helicase and Pol32, a nonessential subunit of DNA polymerase δ. To date, there is little evidence that BIR can be used for extensive chromosome repair in higher eukaryotes. We report that a dicentric chromosome broken in mitosis in the male germline of
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 29-06-2020
DOI: 10.3767/PERSOONIA.2020.44.11
Abstract: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica , Cladosporium arenosum from marine sediment sand. Argentina , Kosmimatamyces alatophylus (incl. Kosmimatamyces gen. nov.) from soil. Australia , Aspergillus banksianus , Aspergillus kumbius , Aspergillus luteorubrus , Aspergillus malvicolor and Aspergillus nanangensis from soil, Erysiphe medicaginis from leaves of Medicago polymorpha , Hymenotorrendiella communis on leaf litter of Eucalyptus bicostata , Lactifluus albopicri and Lactifluus austropiperatus on soil, Macalpinomyces collinsiae on Eriachne benthamii , Marasmius vagus on soil, Microdochium dawsoniorum from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis , Neopestalotiopsis nebuloides from leaves of Sporobolus elongatus , Pestalotiopsis etonensis from leaves of Sporobolus jacquemontii , Phytophthora personensis from soil associated with dying Grevillea mccutcheonii. Brazil , Aspergillus oxumiae from soil, Calvatia baixaverdensis on soil, Geastrum calycicoriaceum on leaf litter, Greeneria kielmeyerae on leaf spots of Kielmeyera coriacea . Chile , Phytophthora aysenensis on collar rot and stem of Aristotelia chilensis . Croatia , Mollisia gibbospora on fallen branch of Fagus sylvatica . Czech Republic , Neosetophoma hnaniceana from Buxus sempervirens . Ecuador , Exophiala frigidotolerans from soil. Estonia , Elaphomyces bucholtzii in soil. France , Venturia paralias from leaves of Euphorbia paralias . India , Cortinarius balteatoindicus and Cortinarius ulkhagarhiensis on leaf litter. Indonesia , Hymenotorrendiella indonesiana on Eucalyptus urophylla leaf litter. Italy , Penicillium taurinense from indoor chestnut mill. Malaysia , Hemileucoglossum kelabitense on soil, Satchmopsis pini on dead needles of Pinus tecunumanii . Poland , Lecanicillium praecognitum on insects' frass. Portugal , Neodevriesia aestuarina from saline water. Republic of Korea , Gongronella namwonensis from freshwater. Russia , Candida pellucida from Exomias pellucidus , Heterocephalacria septentrionalis as endophyte from Cladonia rangiferina , Vishniacozyma phoenicis from dates fruit, Volvariella paludosa from sw . Slovenia , Mallocybe crassivelata on soil. South Africa , Beltraniella podocarpi , Hamatocanthoscypha podocarpi , Coleophoma podocarpi and Nothoseiridium podocarpi (incl. Nothoseiridium gen. nov.)from leaves of Podocarpus latifolius , Gyrothrix encephalarti from leaves of Encephalartos sp., Paraphyton cutaneum from skin of human patient, Phacidiella alsophilae from leaves of Alsophila capensis , and Satchmopsis metrosideri on leaf litter of Metrosideros excelsa. Spain , Cladophialophora cabanerensis from soil, Cortinarius paezii on soil, Cylindrium magnoliae from leaves of Magnolia grandiflora , Trichophoma cylindrospora (incl. Trichophoma gen. nov.) from plant debris, Tuber alcaracense in calcareus soil, Tuber buendiae in calcareus soil. Thailand , Annulohypoxylon spougei on corticated wood, Poaceascoma filiforme from leaves of unknown Poaceae. UK , Dendrostoma luteum on branch lesions of Castanea sativa , Ypsilina buttingtonensis from heartwood of Quercus sp. Ukraine , Myrmecridium phragmiticola from leaves of Phragmites australis. USA , Absidia pararepens from air, Juncomyces californiensis (incl. Juncomyces gen. nov.) from leaves of Juncus effusus , Montagnula cylindrospora from a human skin s le, Muriphila oklahomaensis (incl. Muriphila gen. nov.)on outside wall of alcohol distillery, Neofabraea eucalyptorum from leaves of Eucalyptus macrandra , Diabolocovidia claustri (incl. Diabolocovidia gen. nov.)from leaves of Serenoa repens , Paecilomyces penicilliformis from air, Pseudopezicula betulae from leaves of leaf spots of Populus tremuloides . Vietnam , Diaporthe durionigena on branches of Durio zibethinus and Roridomyces pseudoirritans on rotten wood. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/DN10007
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-07-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-05-2020
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 15-04-2016
DOI: 10.1093/GBE/EVW072
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-05-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-05-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41522-022-00306-Y
Abstract: The increasing awareness of the significance of microbial biofilms across different sectors is continuously revealing new areas of opportunity in the development of innovative technologies in translational research, which can address their detrimental effects, as well as exploit their benefits. Due to the extent of sectors affected by microbial biofilms, capturing their real financial impact has been difficult. This perspective highlights this impact globally, based on figures identified in a recent in-depth market analysis commissioned by the UK’s National Biofilms Innovation Centre (NBIC). The outputs from this analysis and the workshops organised by NBIC on its research strategic themes have revealed the breath of opportunities for translational research in microbial biofilms. However, there are still many outstanding scientific and technological challenges which must be addressed in order to catalyse these opportunities. This perspective discusses some of these challenges.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 08-02-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.08.479540
Abstract: Current methods for diagnosing acute and complex infections mostly rely on culture-based methods and, for biofilms, fluorescence in-situ hybridization. These techniques are labor-intensive and can take 2-4 days to return a test result, especially considering an extra culturing step required for the antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). This places a significant burden on healthcare providers, delaying treatment and leading to adverse patient outcomes. Here, we report the complementary use of our newly developed multi-excitation Raman spectroscopy (ME-RS) method with whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Four WHO priority pathogens are AST phenotyped and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile determined by WGS. On application of ME-RS method we find high correlation with the WGS characterization. Highly accurate classification based on the species (98.93%), wild-type/non-wild type (99.45%), and presence or absence of thick peptidoglycan layers in cell walls (100%), as well as at the in idual strain level (99.29%). These results clearly demonstrate the potential of ME-RS as a rapid and first-stage tool for species, resistance and strain-level classification which can be followed up by WGS for confirmation. Such a workflow can facilitate efficient antimicrobial stewardship to handle and prevent the spread of AMR.
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 31-12-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1994
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/AP01029
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.FUNBIO.2014.09.004
Abstract: Novel species of Cercospora and Pseudocercospora are described from Australian native plant species. These taxa are Cercospora ischaemi sp. nov. on Ischaemum australe (Poaceae) Pseudocercospora airliensis sp. nov. on Polyalthia nitidissima (Annonaceae) Pseudocercospora proiphydis sp. nov. on Proiphys amboinensis (Amaryllidaceae) and Pseudocercospora jagerae sp. nov. on Jagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus (Sapindaceae). These species were characterised by morphology and an analysis of partial nucleotide sequence data for the three gene loci, ITS, LSU and EF-1α. Recent ergence of closely related Australian species of Pseudocercospora on native plants is proposed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-08-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-08-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S00253-020-10859-7
Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms contribute heavily to chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients, leading to morbidity and mortality. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to disperse P. aeruginosa biofilms in vitro, ex vivo and in clinical trials as a promising anti-biofilm agent. Traditional NO donors such as sodium nitroprusside (SNP) have been extensively employed in different studies. However, the dosage of SNP in different studies was not consistent, ranging from 500 nM to 500 μM. SNP is light sensitive and produces cyanide, which may lead to data misinterpretation and inaccurate predictions of dispersal responses in clinical settings. New NO donors and NO delivery methods have therefore been explored. Here we assessed 7 NO donors using P. aeruginosa PAO1 and determined that SNP and Spermine NONOate (S150) successfully reduced 60% biomass within 24 and 2 h, respectively. While neither dosage posed toxicity towards bacterial cells, chemiluminescence assays showed that SNP only released NO upon light exposure in M9 media and S150 delivered much higher performance spontaneously. S150 was then tested on 13 different cystic fibrosis P. aeruginosa (CF-PA) isolates most CF-PA biofilms were significantly dispersed by 250 μM S150. Our work therefore discovered a commercially available NO donor S150, which disperses CF-PA biofilms efficiently within a short period of time and without releasing cyanide, as an alternative of SNP in clinical trials in the future. • S150 performs the best in dispersing P. aeruginosa biofilms among 7 NO donors. • SNP only releases NO in the presence of light, while S150 releases NO spontaneously. • S150 successfully disperses biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa cystic fibrosis clinical isolates.
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 30-06-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-08-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-04-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-04-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-11-2008
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2015
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 12-2009
DOI: 10.1128/JB.00975-09
Abstract: Bacteria in biofilms often undergo active dispersal events and revert to a free-swimming, planktonic state to complete the biofilm life cycle. The signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) was previously found to trigger biofilm dispersal in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa at low, nontoxic concentrations (N. Barraud, D. J. Hassett, S. H. Hwang, S. A. Rice, S. Kjelleberg, and J. S. Webb, J. Bacteriol. 188:7344-7353, 2006). NO was further shown to increase cell motility and susceptibility to antimicrobials. Recently, numerous studies revealed that increased degradation of the secondary messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) by specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs) triggers a planktonic mode of growth in eubacteria. In this study, the potential link between NO and c-di-GMP signaling was investigated by performing (i) PDE inhibitor studies, (ii) enzymatic assays to measure PDE activity, and (iii) direct quantification of intracellular c-di-GMP levels. The results suggest a role for c-di-GMP signaling in triggering the biofilm dispersal event induced by NO, as dispersal requires PDE activity and addition of NO stimulates PDE and induces the concomitant decrease in intracellular c-di-GMP levels in P. aeruginosa . Furthermore, gene expression studies indicated global responses to low, nontoxic levels of NO in P. aeruginosa biofilms, including upregulation of genes involved in motility and energy metabolism and downregulation of adhesins and virulence factors. Finally, site-directed mutagenesis of candidate genes and physiological characterization of the corresponding mutant strains uncovered that the chemotaxis transducer BdlA is involved in the biofilm dispersal response induced by NO.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-05-2011
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 24-03-2016
DOI: 10.1093/GBE/EVW066
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-01-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12866-019-1672-7
Abstract: Interactions between transcription factors and DNA lie at the centre of many biological processes including DNA recombination, replication, repair and transcription. Most bacteria encode erse proteins that act as transcription factors to regulate various traits. Several technologies for identifying protein–DNA interactions at the genomic level have been developed. Bind-n-seq is a high-throughput in vitro method first deployed to analyse DNA interactions associated with eukaryotic zinc-finger proteins. The method has three steps (i) binding protein to a randomised oligonucleotide DNA target library, (ii) deep sequencing of bound oligonucleotides, and (iii) a computational algorithm to define motifs among the sequences. The classical Bind-n-seq strategy suffers from several limitations including a lengthy wet laboratory protocol and a computational algorithm that is difficult to use. We introduce here an improved, rapid, and simplified Bind-n-seq protocol coupled with a user-friendly downstream data analysis and handling algorithm, which has been optimized for bacterial target proteins. We validate this new protocol by showing the successful characterisation of the DNA-binding specificities of YipR (YajQ interacting protein regulator), a well-known transcriptional regulator of virulence genes in the bacterial phytopathogen Xanthomonas c estris pv. c estris ( Xcc ). The improved Bind-n-seq approach identified several DNA binding motif sequences for YipR, in particular the CCCTCTC motif, which were located in the promoter regions of 1320 Xcc genes. Informatics analysis revealed that many of these genes regulate functions associated with virulence, motility, and biofilm formation and included genes previously found involved in virulence. Additionally, electromobility shift assays show that YipR binds to the promoter region of XC_2633 in a CCCTCTC motif-dependent manner. We present a new and rapid Bind-n-seq protocol that should be useful to investigate DNA-binding proteins in bacteria. The analysis of YipR DNA binding using this protocol identifies a novel DNA sequence motif in the promoter regions of target genes that define the YipR regulon.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2019
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 07-02-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.06.936690
Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa MPAO1 is the parental strain of the widely utilized transposon mutant collection for this important clinical pathogen. Here, we validate a model system to identify genes involved in biofilm growth and antibiotic resistance. Our model employs a genomics-driven workflow to assemble the complete MPAO1 genome, identify unique and conserved genes by comparative genomics with the PAO1 reference strain and missed genes by proteogenomics. Among over 200 unique MPAO1 genes, we identified six general essential genes that were overlooked when mapping public Tn-seq datasets against PAO1, including an antitoxin. Genomic data were integrated with phenotypic data from an experimental workflow using a user-friendly, soft lithography-based microfluidic flow chamber for biofilm growth. Experiments conducted across three laboratories delivered reproducible data on P. aeruginosa biofilms and validated both known and novel genes involved in biofilm growth and antibiotic resistance identified in screens of the mutant collection. Differential protein expression data from planktonic cells versus biofilm confirmed upregulation of candidates known to affect biofilm formation, of structural and secreted proteins of type six secretion systems, and provided proteogenomic evidence for some missed MPAO1 genes. This integrated, broadly applicable model promises to improve the mechanistic understanding of biofilm formation, antimicrobial tolerance and resistance evolution.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/AP06021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1071/AP05055
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/AP06027
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1990
DOI: 10.1071/APP9900090
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 09-2012
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-04-12-0415-PDN
Abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been grown in the Ord River Irrigation Area (ORIA) in northern Western Australia since 1960. In 2011, a sheath rot of rice was observed in the ORIA. Symptoms were variable, appearing as either (i) oblong pale to dark brown lesions up to 3 cm length, (ii) lesions with pale grey/brown centers and with dark brown margins, or (iii) diffuse dark or reddish brown streaks along the sheath. Lesions enlarged and coalesced, often covering the majority of the leaf sheath, disrupting panicle emergence. Isolations from small pieces of infested tissues from plants showing sheath rot symptoms were made onto water agar, subcultured onto potato dextrose agar, cultures maintained at 20°C, and a representative culture lodged both in the Western Australian Culture Collection maintained at the Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (as WAC 13481) and in the culture collection located at the DAFF Plant Pathology Herbarium (as BRIP 54763). Amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1 and (ITS)2 regions flanking the 5.8S rRNA gene were carried out with universal primers ITS1 and ITS4 according to the published protocol (4). The DNA PCR products from a single isolate were sequenced and BLAST analyses used to compare sequences with those in GenBank. The sequence had 99% nucleotide identity with the corresponding sequence in GenBank for Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) W. Gams & D. Hawksworth. Isolates showed morphological (e.g., conidiophore and conidia characteristics) (2) and molecular (1) similarities with S. oryzae as described in other reports. The relevant sequence information for a representative isolate was lodged in GenBank (GenBank Accession No. JQ965668). Spores of S. oryzae were produced on rice agar under “black light” at 22°C to induce sporulation over 4 weeks. Under conditions of 30/28°C (day/night), 14/12 h (light/dark), rice cv. Quest, grown for 11 weeks until plants reached the tillering stage, was inoculated by spraying a suspension 5 × 10 7 spores/ml of the same single isolate onto foliage until runoff occurred. Inoculated plants were placed under a dark plastic cover for 72 h to maximize humidity levels around leaves and subsequently maintained under % relative humidity conditions. Symptoms of sheath rot as described in (i) and (ii) above appeared by 14 days after inoculation, with lesions up to 23 cm long by 15 days post-inoculation. Severe disease prevented young panicles from emerging. Infection studies were successfully repeated and S. oryzae was reisolated from leaf lesions 1 week after lesion appearance. No disease was observed on water-inoculated control rice plants. There have been records of S. oryzae on rice in New South Wales in the early 1980s (3) and in 2006 to 2007 (Australian Plant Pest Database), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of this pathogen in Western Australia. References: (1) N. Ayyadurai et al. Cur. Microbiol. Mycologia 50:319, 2005. (2) B. L. K. Brady. No. 673 in: IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, 1980. (3) D. Phillips et al. FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 40:4, 1992. (4) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1039/B924169H
Abstract: Chemical investigations of a fermentation culture from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. yielded three novel caprolactams, pestalactams A-C (). The structures of were determined by analysis of 1D and 2D-NMR, UV, IR, and MS data. The structure of pestalactam A was confirmed following single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Pestalactams A-C are the first C-7 alkylated caprolactam natural products to be reported. Pestalactams A () and B () were tested against two different strains of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 and Dd2), and the mammalian cell lines, MCF-7 and NFF, and showed modest in vitro activity in all assays.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 31-12-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1993
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-10-2015
DOI: 10.1111/NPH.13686
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the evolutionary time line for rust fungi and date key speciation events using a molecular clock. Evidence is provided that supports a contemporary view for a recent origin of rust fungi, with a common ancestor on a flowering plant. Divergence times for 20 genera of rust fungi were studied with Bayesian evolutionary analyses. A relaxed molecular clock was applied to ribosomal and mitochondrial genes, calibrated against estimated ergence times for the hosts of rust fungi, such as Acacia (Fabaceae), angiosperms and the cupressophytes. Results showed that rust fungi shared a most recent common ancestor with a mean age between 113 and 115 million yr. This dates rust fungi to the Cretaceous period, which is much younger than previous estimations. Host jumps, whether taxonomically large or between host genera in the same family, most probably shaped the ersity of rust genera. Likewise, species ersified by host shifts (through coevolution) or via subsequent host jumps. This is in contrast to strict coevolution with their hosts. Puccinia psidii was recovered in Sphaerophragmiaceae, a family distinct from Raveneliaceae, which were regarded as confamilial in previous studies.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-11-2014
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 23-08-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.22.457293
Abstract: Fire is predicted to be more severe and frequent in forests of the Australian Monsoon Tropics over the coming decades. The way in which groups of ecologically important soil fungi respond to disturbance caused by fire has not been studied in Australian tropical forest ecosystems. Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are important tree symbionts and saprotrophic fungi drive soil nutrient cycles. We analysed both publicly-available environmental DNA sequence data as well as soil chemistry data to test a hypothesis that burned areas in a contiguous tropical forest have different community composition and ersity of EM and saprotrophic soil fungi relative to nearby unburned sites. We tested this hypothesis by measuring community-level taxonomic composition, fungal ersity, species richness and evenness. We determined whether changes in fungal communities were associated with fire-altered soil chemical hysical properties, vegetation types, or the direct effect of fire. Soil fungi differed in abundance and community phylogenetic structure between forest sites that had experienced fire, and sites dominated by unburned forest. EM community composition differed between unburned and burned sites, which had more mycorrhizal hosts including Corymbia intermedia, Acacia flavescens and Acacia midgleyi . Lower ersity of saprotrophic fungi was correlated with lower soil nutrient levels and different litter composition at burned sites. Pyrophilic, truffle-like EM fungi that rely on mycophagous mammals for dispersal were abundant at recently burned sites. We conclude that EM fungi show different patterns of ersity in burned tropical forest, likely driven by changing plant communities, whereas differences in saprotrophic fungal communities of burned sites may be driven by by reduced soil nutrient levels and altered litter composition.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-05-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP05043
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 19-07-2019
DOI: 10.3767/PERSOONIA.2019.42.11
Abstract: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia , Chaetomella pseudocircinoseta and Coniella pseudodiospyri on Eucalyptus microcorys leaves, Cladophialophora eucalypti , Teratosphaeria dunnii and Vermiculariopsiella dunnii on Eucalyptus dunnii leaves, Cylindrium grande and Hypsotheca eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus grandis leaves, Elsinoe salignae on Eucalyptus saligna leaves, Marasmius lebeliae on litter of regenerating subtropical rainforest, Phialoseptomonium eucalypti (incl. Phialoseptomonium gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus grandis × camaldulensis leaves, Phlogicylindrium pawpawense on Eucalyptus tereticornis leaves, Phyllosticta longicauda as an endophyte from healthy Eustrephus latifolius leaves, Pseudosydowia eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus sp. leaves, Saitozyma wallum on Banksia aemula leaves, Teratosphaeria henryi on Corymbia henryi leaves. Brazil , Aspergillus bezerrae , Backusella azygospora , Mariannaea terricola and Talaromyces pernambucoensis from soil, Calonectria matogrossensis on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves, Calvatia brasiliensis on soil, Carcinomyces nordestinensis on Bromelia antiacantha leaves, Dendryphiella stromaticola on small branches of an unidentified plant, Nigrospora brasiliensis on Nopalea cochenillifera leaves, Penicillium alagoense as a leaf endophyte on a Miconia sp., Podosordaria nigrobrunnea on dung, Spegazzinia bromeliacearum as a leaf endophyte on Tilandsia catimbauensis , Xylobolus brasiliensis on decaying wood. Bulgaria , Kazachstania molopis from the gut of the beetle Molops piceus . Croatia , Mollisia endocrystallina from a fallen decorticated Picea abies tree trunk. Ecuador , Hygrocybe rodomaculata on soil. Hungary , Alfoldia vorosii (incl. Alfoldia gen. nov.) from Juniperus communis roots, Kiskunsagia ubrizsyi (incl. Kiskunsagia gen. nov.) from Fumana procumbens roots. India , Aureobasidium tremulum as laboratory contaminant, Leucosporidium himalayensis and Naganishia indica from windblown dust on glaciers. Italy , Neodevriesia cycadicola on Cycas sp. leaves, Pseudocercospora pseudomyrticola on Myrtus communis leaves, Ramularia pistaciae on Pistacia lentiscus leaves, Neognomoniopsis quercina (incl. Neognomoniopsis gen. nov.) on Quercus ilex leaves. Japan , Diaporthe fructicola on Passiflora edulis × P . edulis f. flavicarpa fruit, Entoloma nipponicum on leaf litter in a mixed Cryptomeria japonica and Acer spp. forest. Macedonia , Astraeus macedonicus on soil. Malaysia , Fusicladium eucalyptigenum on Eucalyptus sp. twigs, Neoacrodontiella eucalypti (incl. Neoacrodontiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves. Mozambique , Meliola gorongosensis on dead Philenoptera violacea leaflets. Nepal , Coniochaeta dendrobiicola from Dendriobium lognicornu roots. New Zealand , Neodevriesia sexualis and Thozetella neonivea on Archontophoenix cunninghamiana leaves. Norway , Calophoma sandfjordenica from a piece of board on a rocky shoreline, Clavaria parvispora on soil, Didymella finnmarkica from a piece of Pinus sylvestris driftwood. Poland , Sugiyamaella trypani from soil. Portugal , Colletotrichum feijoicola from Acca sellowiana. Russia , Crepidotus tobolensis on Populus tremula debris, Entoloma ekaterinae , Entoloma erhardii and Suillus gastroflavus on soil, Nakazawaea ambrosiae from the galleries of Ips typographus under the bark of Picea abies. Slovenia , Pluteus ludwigii on twigs of broadleaved trees. South Africa , Anungitiomyces stellenboschiensis (incl. Anungitiomyces gen. nov.) and Niesslia stellenboschiana on Eucalyptus sp. leaves, Beltraniella pseudoportoricensis on Podocarpus falcatus leaf litter, Corynespora encephalarti on Encephalartos sp. leaves, Cytospora pavettae on Pavetta revoluta leaves, Helminthosporium erythrinicola on Erythrina humeana leaves, Helminthosporium syzygii on a Syzygium sp. barkcanker, Libertasomyces aloeticus on Aloe sp. leaves, Penicillium lunae from Musa sp. fruit, Phyllosticta lauridiae on Lauridia tetragona leaves, Pseudotruncatella bolusanthi (incl. Pseudotruncatellaceae fam. nov.) and Dactylella bolusanthi on Bolusanthus speciosus leaves. Spain , Apenidiella foetida on submerged plant debris, Inocybe grammatoides on Quercus ilex subsp. ilex forest humus, Ossicaulis salomii on soil, Phialemonium guarroi from soil. Thailand , Pantospora chromolaenae on Chromolaena odorata leaves. Ukraine , Cadophora helianthi from Helianthus annuus stems. USA , Boletus pseudopinophilus on soil under slash pine, Botryotrichum foricae , Penicillium americanum and Penicillium minnesotense from air. Vietnam , Lycoperdon vietnamense on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-08-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1071/AP96008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1071/AP96005
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 30-06-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1071/AP96013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1071/AP96012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-07-0003
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-03-2017
DOI: 10.1038/SREP43549
Abstract: Species of Tranzscheliella have been reported as pathogens of more than 30 genera of grasses (Poaceae). In this study, a combined morphological and molecular phylogenetic approach was used to examine 33 specimens provisionally identified as belonging to the T. hypodytes species complex. The phylogenetic analysis resolved several well-supported clades that corresponded to known and novel species of Tranzscheliella . Four new species are described and illustrated. In addition, a new combination in Tranzscheliella is proposed for Sorosporium reverdattoanum . Cophylogenetic analyses assessed by distance-based and event-cost based methods, indicated host switches are likely the prominent force driving speciation in Tranzscheliella .
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-10-2021
Publisher: Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.SIMYCO.2017.04.002
Abstract: Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) is introduced as a new series of publications in order to provide a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi. This first paper focuses on 21 genera of phytopathogenic fungi: Bipolaris , Boeremia , Calonectria , Ceratocystis , Cladosporium , Colletotrichum , Coniella , Curvularia , Monilinia , Neofabraea , Neofusicoccum , Pilidium , Pleiochaeta , Plenodomus , Protostegia , Pseudopyricularia , Puccinia , Saccharata , Thyrostroma , Venturia and Wilsonomyces . For each genus, a morphological description and information about its pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms are provided. In addition, this information is linked to primary and secondary DNA barcodes of the presently accepted species, and relevant literature. Moreover, several novelties are introduced, i.e. new genera, species and combinations, and neo-, lecto- and epitypes designated to provide a stable taxonomy. This first paper includes one new genus, 26 new species, ten new combinations, and four typifications of older names.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP04075
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 30-06-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP04074
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-09-2014
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1071/MA19036
Abstract: The Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium (BRIP) and its associated collection of fungal and bacterial cultures have obtained Australian and international recognition as critical resources for agricultural research and plant biosecurity. For decades, many key agricultural and mycological studies published in international journals have examined Australian reference specimens obtained from BRIP. The Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium is now seeking to reposition itself as a significant provider of unique Australian cultures. This ambitious journey could unlock the potential of Australian specimens to provide novel bioactive natural products that may benefit society.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/AP06003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1997
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2002
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 16-07-2020
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 31-12-2011
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 23-12-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-10-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2015
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 29-06-2015
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-03-17-0084-R
Abstract: Black root rot is a severe disease of young avocado trees in Australia causing black necrotic roots, tree stunting, and leaf drop prior to tree death. Nectriaceous fungi (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales), are commonly isolated from symptomatic roots. This research tested the pathogenicity of 19 isolates from Calonectria, Cylindrocladiella, Dactylonectria, Gliocladiopsis, and Ilyonectria, spp. collected from young avocado trees and other hosts. Glasshouse pathogenicity tests with ‘Reed’ avocado (Persea americana) seedlings confirmed that Calonectria ilicicola is a severe pathogen of avocado, causing stunting, wilting, and seedling death within 5 weeks of inoculation. Isolates of C. ilicicola from peanut, papaya, and custard apple were also shown to be aggressive pathogens of avocado, demonstrating a broad host range. An isolate of a Calonectria sp. from blueberry and avocado isolates of Dactylonectria macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, and D. anthuriicola caused significant root rot but not stunting within 5 to 9 weeks of inoculation. An isolate of an Ilyonectria sp. from grapevine closely related to Ilyonectria liriodendri, and avocado isolates of Cylindrocladiella pseudoinfestans, Gliocladiopsis peggii, and an Ilyonectria sp. were not pathogenic to avocado.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-06-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-08-2012
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1071/AR9950167
Abstract: A unique population of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense affecting Cavendish cv. Williams banana plants was characterized using vegetative compatibility, volatile production, RAPD-PCR analysis, pectic enzyme production and pathogenicity. The isolates were more like race 1 isolates than race 4 isolates, although they were capable of attacking Cavendish clones. The Carnarvon isolates did not belong to any of the vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) known to occur in Australia or overseas they belonged in the 'inodoraturn' volatile group they had 29% genetic similarity to race 4 isolates and 76% similarity to race 1 isolates based on RAPD-PCR banding patterns they belonged in the same pectic zymogram group as race 1 isolates and were virulent on 3-month-old Cavendish cv. Williams, Gros Michel and Pisang Gajih Merah plants in glasshouse tests.
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 31-12-2020
DOI: 10.3767/PERSOONIA.2020.45.10
Abstract: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia , Austroboletus asper on soil, Cylindromonium alloxyli on leaves of Alloxylon pinnatum, Davidhawksworthia quintiniae on leaves of Quintinia sieberi, Exophiala prostantherae on leaves of Prostanthera sp., Lactifluus lactiglaucus on soil, Linteromyces quintiniae (incl. Linteromyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Quintinia sieberi , Lophotrichus medusoides from stem tissue of Citrus garrawayi , Mycena pulchra on soil, Neocalonectria tristaniopsidis (incl. Neocalonectria gen. nov.)and Xyladictyochaeta tristaniopsidis on leaves of Tristaniopsis collina, Parasarocladium tasmanniae on leaves of Tasmannia insipida , Phytophthora aquae-cooljarloo from pond water, Serendipita whamiae as endophyte from roots of Eriochilus cucullatus , Veloboletus limbatus (incl. Veloboletus gen. nov.)onsoil. Austria , Cortinarius glaucoelotus onsoil. Bulgaria , Suhomyces rilaensis from the gut of Bolitophagus interruptus found on a Polyporus sp. Canada , Cantharellus betularum among leaf litter of Betula , Penicillium saanichii from house dust. Chile , Circinella l ensis on soil, Exophiala embothrii from rhizosphere of Embothrium coccineum . China, Colletotrichum cycadis on leaves of Cycas revoluta . Croatia , Phialocephala melitaea on fallen branch of Pinus halepensis . Czech Republic , Geoglossum jirinae on soil, Pyrenochaetopsis rajhradensis from dead wood of Buxus sempervirens. Dominican Republic , Amanita domingensis on litter of deciduous wood, Melanoleuca dominicana on forest litter. France , Crinipellis nigrolamellata (Martinique) on leaves of Pisonia fragrans , Talaromyces pulveris from bore dust of Xestobium rufovillosum infesting floorboards. French Guiana , Hypoxylon hepaticolor on dead corticated branch. Great Britain , Inocybe ionolepis on soil. India , Cortinarius indopurpurascens among leaf litter of Quercus leucotrichophora . Iran , Pseudopyricularia javanii on infected leaves of Cyperus sp., Xenomonodictys iranica (incl. Xenomonodictys gen. nov.) on wood of Fagus orientalis . Italy , Penicillium vallebormidaense from compost. Namibia , Alternaria mirabibensis on plant litter, Curvularia moringae and Moringomyces phantasmae (incl. Moringomyces gen. nov.) on leaves and flowers of Moringa ovalifolia, Gobabebomyces vachelliae (incl. Gobabebomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Vachellia erioloba, Preussia procaviae on dung of Procavia capensis . Pakistan , Russula shawarensis from soil on forest floor. Russia , Cyberlindnera dauci from Daucus carota . South Africa , Acremonium behniae on leaves of Behnia reticulata, Dothiora aloidendri and Hantamomyces aloidendri (incl. Hantamomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Aloidendron dichotomum , Endoconidioma euphorbiae on leaves of Euphorbia mauritanica , Eucasphaeria proteae on leaves of Protea neriifolia , Exophiala mali from inner fruit tissue of Malus sp., Graminopassalora geissorhizae on leaves of Geissorhiza splendidissima , Neocamarosporium leipoldtiae on leaves of Leipoldtia schultzii , Neocladosporium osteospermi on leaf spots of Osteospermum moniliferum , Neometulocladosporiella seifertii on leaves of Combretum caffrum , Paramyrothecium pituitipietianum on stems of Grielum humifusum , Phytopythium paucipapillatum from roots of Vitis sp., Stemphylium carpobroti and Verrucocladosporium carpobroti on leaves of Carpobrotus quadrifolius , Suttonomyces cephalophylli on leaves of Cephalophyllum pilansii . Sweden , Coprinopsis rubra on cow dung, Elaphomyces nemoreus fromdeciduouswoodlands. Spain , Polyscytalum pini-canariensis on needles of Pinus canariensis , Pseudosubramaniomyces septatus from stream sediment, Tuber lusitanicum on soil under Quercus suber . Thailand , Tolypocladium flavonigrum on Elaphomyces sp. USA , Chaetothyrina spondiadis on fruits of Spondias mombin, Gymnascella minnisii from bat guano, Juncomyces patwiniorum on culms of Juncus effusus , Moelleriella puertoricoensis on scale insect, Neodothiora populina (incl. Neodothiora gen. nov.) on stem cankers of Populus tremuloides , Pseudogymnoascus palmeri fromcavesediment. Vietnam , Cyphellophora vietnamensis on leaf litter, Tylopilus subotsuensis on soil in montane evergreen broadleaf forest. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 10-12-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2004
DOI: 10.1111/J.1751-0813.2004.TB12614.X
Abstract: Beef and dairy cattle from four different herds in southern and central Queensland fed hydroponically-produced sprouted barley or wheat grain heavily infested with Aspergillus clavatus developed posterior ataxia with knuckling of fetlocks, muscular tremors and recumbency, but maintained appetite. A few animals variously had reduced milk production, hyperaesthesia, drooling of saliva, hypermetria of hind limbs or muscle spasms. Degeneration of large neurones was seen in the brain stem and spinal cord grey matter. The syndrome was consistent with A clavatus tremorgenic mycotoxicosis of ruminants. The cases are the earliest known to be associated with this fungus in Australia. They highlight a potential hazard of hydroponic fodder production systems, which appear to favour A clavatus growth on sprouted grain, exacerbated in some cases by equipment malfunctions that increase operating temperatures.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-01-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-08-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-10-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41522-020-00154-8
Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa MPAO1 is the parental strain of the widely utilized transposon mutant collection for this important clinical pathogen. Here, we validate a model system to identify genes involved in biofilm growth and biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance. Our model employs a genomics-driven workflow to assemble the complete MPAO1 genome, identify unique and conserved genes by comparative genomics with the PAO1 reference strain and genes missed within existing assemblies by proteogenomics. Among over 200 unique MPAO1 genes, we identified six general essential genes that were overlooked when mapping public Tn-seq data sets against PAO1, including an antitoxin. Genomic data were integrated with phenotypic data from an experimental workflow using a user-friendly, soft lithography-based microfluidic flow chamber for biofilm growth and a screen with the Tn-mutant library in microtiter plates. The screen identified hitherto unknown genes involved in biofilm growth and antibiotic resistance. Experiments conducted with the flow chamber across three laboratories delivered reproducible data on P. aeruginosa biofilms and validated the function of both known genes and genes identified in the Tn-mutant screens. Differential protein abundance data from planktonic cells versus biofilm confirmed the upregulation of candidates known to affect biofilm formation, of structural and secreted proteins of type VI secretion systems, and provided proteogenomic evidence for some missed MPAO1 genes. This integrated, broadly applicable model promises to improve the mechanistic understanding of biofilm formation, antimicrobial tolerance, and resistance evolution in biofilms.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 24-04-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-10-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-02-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP05027
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP05028
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1984
Publisher: The Mycological Society of Japan
Date: 03-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-05-2019
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02086-16
Abstract: PYRRO-C3D is a cephalosporin-3-diazeniumdiolate nitric oxide (NO) donor prodrug designed to selectively deliver NO to bacterial infection sites. The objective of this study was to assess the activity of PYRRO-C3D against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) biofilms and examine the role of NO in reducing biofilm-associated antibiotic tolerance. The activity of PYRRO-C3D on in vitro NTHi biofilms was assessed through CFU enumeration and confocal microscopy. NO release measurements were performed using an ISO-NO probe. NTHi biofilms grown on primary ciliated respiratory epithelia at an air-liquid interface were used to investigate the effects of PYRRO-C3D in the presence of host tissue. Label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) proteomic analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed proteins following NO treatment. PYRRO-C3D specifically released NO in the presence of NTHi, while no evidence of spontaneous NO release was observed when the compound was exposed to primary epithelial cells. NTHi lacking β-lactamase activity failed to trigger NO release. Treatment significantly increased the susceptibility of in vitro NTHi biofilms to azithromycin, causing a log fold reduction (10-fold reduction or 1-log-unit reduction) in viability ( P 0.05) relative to azithromycin alone. The response was more pronounced for biofilms grown on primary respiratory epithelia, where a 2-log-unit reduction was observed ( P 0.01). Label-free proteomics showed that NO increased expression of 16 proteins involved in metabolic and transcriptional/translational functions. NO release from PYRRO-C3D enhances the efficacy of azithromycin against NTHi biofilms, putatively via modulation of NTHi metabolic activity. Adjunctive therapy with NO mediated through PYRRO-C3D represents a promising approach for reducing biofilm-associated antibiotic tolerance.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-04-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-020-63008-5
Abstract: In Pseudomonas aeruginosa , the transition between planktonic and biofilm lifestyles is modulated by the intracellular secondary messenger cyclic dimeric-GMP (c-di-GMP) in response to environmental conditions. Here, we used gene deletions to investigate how the environmental stimulus nitric oxide (NO) is linked to biofilm dispersal, focusing on biofilm dispersal phenotype from proteins containing putative c-di-GMP turnover and Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) sensory domains. We document opposed physiological roles for the genes Δ rbdA and Δ pa2072 that encode proteins with identical domain structure: while Δ rbdA showed elevated c-di-GMP levels, restricted motility and promoted biofilm formation, c-di-GMP levels were decreased in Δ pa2072 , and biofilm formation was inhibited, compared to wild type. A second pair of genes, Δ fimX and Δ dipA , were selected on the basis of predicted impaired c-di-GMP turnover function: Δ fimX showed increased, Δ dipA decreased NO induced biofilm dispersal, and the genes effected different types of motility, with reduced twitching for Δ fimX and reduced swimming for Δ dipA . For all four deletion mutants we find that NO-induced biomass reduction correlates with increased NO-driven swarming, underlining a significant role for this motility in biofilm dispersal. Hence P. aeruginosa is able to differentiate c-di-GMP output using structurally highly related proteins that can contain degenerate c-di-GMP turnover domains.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2010
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 28-08-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/AP03081
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-08-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/AP08089
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-06-2015
Abstract: Acidogenic bacteria within dental plaque biofilms are the causative agents of caries. Consequently, maintenance of a healthy oral environment with efficient biofilm removal strategies is important to limit caries, as well as halt progression to gingivitis and periodontitis. Recently, a novel cleaning device has been described using an ultrasonically activated stream (UAS) to generate a cavitation cloud of bubbles in a freely flowing water stream that has demonstrated the capacity to be effective at biofilm removal. In this study, UAS was evaluated for its ability to remove biofilms of the cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans UA159, as well as Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 12104 and Streptococcus oralis ATCC 9811, grown on machine-etched glass slides to generate a reproducible complex surface and artificial teeth from a typodont training model. Biofilm removal was assessed both visually and microscopically using high-speed videography, confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Analysis by CSLM demonstrated a statistically significant 99.9% removal of S. mutans biofilms exposed to the UAS for 10 s, relative to both untreated control biofilms and biofilms exposed to the water stream alone without ultrasonic activation ( P 0.05). The water stream alone showed no statistically significant difference in removal compared with the untreated control ( P = 0.24). High-speed videography demonstrated a rapid rate (151 mm 2 in 1 s) of biofilm removal. The UAS was also highly effective at S. mutans, A. naeslundii, and S. oralis biofilm removal from machine-etched glass and S. mutans from typodont surfaces with complex topography. Consequently, UAS technology represents a potentially effective method for biofilm removal and improved oral hygiene.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/AP08088
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-07-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-29102-5
Abstract: A little known, unculturable ascomycete, referred to as Phyllachora ambrosiae , can destroy the inflorescences of Ambrosia artemisiifolia , an invasive agricultural weed and producer of highly allergenic pollen. The fungus often remains undetectable in ragweed populations. This work was conducted to understand its origin and pathogenesis, a prerequisite to consider its potential as a biocontrol agent. The methods used included light and transmission electron microscopy, nrDNA sequencing, phylogenetic analyses, artificial inoculations, and the examination of old herbarium and recent field specimens from Hungary, Korea, Ukraine and USA. The Eurasian and the North American specimens of this fungus were to represent two distinct, although closely related lineages that were only distantly related to other lineages within the Ascomycota . Consequently, we describe a new genus that includes Cryptophyllachora eurasiatica gen. et sp. nov. and C. ambrosiae comb. nov., respectively. The pathogenesis of C. eurasiatica was shown in A. artemisiifolia . No evidence was found for either seed-borne transmission or systemic infection. Two hypotheses were developed to explain the interaction between C. eurasiatica and A. artemisiifolia : (i) as yet undetected seed-borne transmissions and latent, systemic infections or (ii) alternative hosts.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/APP9950038
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-03-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1987
DOI: 10.1071/APP9870038
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1995
Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
Date: 11-10-2018
DOI: 10.3897/MYCOKEYS.41.28454
Abstract: There are 63 known species of Thecaphora (Glomosporiaceae, Ustilaginomycotina), a third of which occur on Asteraceae. These smut fungi produce yellowish-brown to reddish-brown masses of spore balls in specific, mostly regenerative, plant organs. A species of Thecaphora was collected in the flower heads of Anthemischia (Anthemideae, Asteraceae) on Rhodes Island, Greece, in 2015 and 2017, which represents the first smut record of a smut fungus on a host plant species in this tribe. Based on its distinctive morphology, host species and genetic ergence, this species is described as Thecaphoraanthemidis sp. nov. Molecular barcodes of the ITS region are provided for this and several other species of Thecaphora . A phylogenetic and morphological comparison to closely related species showed that Th.anthemidis differed from other species of Thecaphora . Thecaphoraanthemidis produced loose spore balls in the flower heads and peduncles of Anthemischia unlike other flower-infecting species.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-06-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1987
DOI: 10.1071/APP9870040
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-09-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-1996
DOI: 10.1111/J.1751-0813.1996.TB09964.X
Abstract: A new, fatal mycotoxicosis of cattle has been recognised in north-western Australia. A feeding trial confirmed the toxicity of a previously unknown species of Corallocytostroma that grows on Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp). The disease has been colloquially named 'black soil blindness' because its most prominent features are its confinement to pastures on black soil, and blindness and death of affected animals. Over 500 cattle have died and considerable subclinical disease in present. Above average wet season rainfall and extended growing seasons may explain the emergence of the fungus. The disease is important because cattle production in large areas of Australia utilise Mitchell grass pastures.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-05-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-07-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2013
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-05-12-0420-PDN
Abstract: Commercial rice crops (Oryza sativa L.) have been recently reintroduced to the Ord River Irrigation Area in northern Western Australia. In early August 2011, unusual leaf spot symptoms were observed by a local rice grower on rice cultivar Quest. A leaf spot symptom initially appeared as grey-green and/or water soaked with a darker green border and then expanded rapidly to several centimeters in length and became light tan in color with a distinct necrotic border. Isolations from typical leaf lesions were made onto water agar, subcultured onto potato dextrose agar, and maintained at 20°C. A representative culture was lodged in the Western Australian Culture Collection Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (WAC 13466) and as a herbarium specimen in the Plant Pathology Herbarium, Plant Biosecurity Science (BRIP 54721). Amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1 and (ITS)2 regions flanking the 5.8S rRNA gene were carried out with universal primers ITS1 and ITS4 (4). The PCR products were sequenced and BLAST analyses used to compare sequences with those in GenBank. The sequence had 99% nucleotide identity with the corresponding sequence in GenBank for Magnaporthe oryzae B.C. Couch, the causal agent of rice blast, the most important fungal disease of rice worldwide (1). Additional sequencing with the primers Bt1a/Bt1b for the β-tubulin gene, primers ACT-512F/ACT-783R for the actin gene, and primers CAL-228F/CAL-737R for the calmodulin gene showed 100% identity in each case with M. oryzae sequences in GenBank, confirming molecular similarity with other reports, e.g., (1). The relevant sequence information for a representative isolate has been lodged in GenBank (GenBank Accession Nos. JQ911754 for (ITS) 1 and 2 JX014265 for β-tubulin JX035809 for actin and JX035808 for calmodulin). Isolates also showed morphological similarity with M. oryzae as described in other reports, e.g., (3). Spores of M. oryzae were produced on rice agar under “black light” at 21°C for 4 weeks. Under 30/28°C (day/night), 14/12 h (light/dark), rice cv. Quest was grown for 7 weeks, and inoculated by spraying a suspension 5 × 10 5 spores/ml onto foliage until runoff occurred. Inoculated plants were placed under a dark plastic covering for 72 h to maximize humidity levels around leaves, and subsequently maintained under % RH conditions. Typical symptoms of rice blast appeared within 14 days of inoculation and were as described above. Infection studies were successfully repeated and M. oryzae was readily reisolated from leaf lesions. No disease symptoms were observed nor was M. oryzae isolated from water-inoculated control rice plants. There have been previous records of rice blast in the Northern Territory (2) and Queensland, Australia (Australian Plant Pest Database), but this is the first report of M. oryzae in Western Australia, where it could potentially be destructive if conditions prove conducive. References: (1) B. C. Couch and L. M. Kohn. Mycologia 94:683, 2002 (2) J. B. Heaton. The Aust. J. Sci. 27:81, 1964 (3) C. V. Subramanian. IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria No 169, Pyricularia oryzae, 1968 (4) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, New York, 1990.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1071/AP96048
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1071/APP9950271
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1997
DOI: 10.1071/AP97022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-06-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-07-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1111/LAM.13618
Abstract: The human oral cavity is host to a erse microbiota. Much of what is known about the behaviour of oral microbes derives from studies of in idual or several cultivated species, situations which do not totally reflect the function of organisms within more complex microbiota or multispecies biofilms. The number of validated models that allow examination of the role that biofilms play during oral cavity colonization is also limited. The CDC biofilm reactor is a standard method that has been deployed to study interactions between members of human microbiotas allowing studies to be completed during an extended period under conditions where nutrient availability, and washout of waste products are controlled. The objective of this work was to develop a robust in vitro biofilm-model system from a pooled saliva inoculum to study the development, reproducibility and stability of the oral microbiota. By employing deep sequencing of the variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, we found that the CDC biofilm reactor could be used to efficiently cultivate microbiota containing all six major phyla previously identified as the core saliva microbiota. After an acclimatisation period, communities in each reactor stabilised. Replicate reactors were predominately populated by a shared core microbiota variation between replicate reactors was primarily driven by shifts in abundance of shared operational taxonomic units. We conclude that the CDC biofilm reactor can be used to cultivate communities that replicate key features of the human oral cavity and is a useful tool to facilitate studies of the dynamics of these communities.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-09-2019
Abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common condition which affects the quality of life of millions of patients worldwide and has a significant impact on health-care resources. While Staphylococcus aureus bacterial biofilms play an important role in this disease, antimicrobial therapy is rarely effective and may promote antibiotic resistance. Thus, development of novel biofilm-targeting and antibiotic-sparing therapies is highly desirable and urgently required. This in vitro study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of a novel synthetic honey-equivalent product which was designed to have the same reactive oxygen release profile as the engineered honey SurgihoneyRO™. Treatment efficacy was investigated by assessment of planktonic growth, biofilm viability, thickness, and biomass using 12 CRS-related S. aureus mucosal bacterial strains. Both SurgihoneyRO™ and the synthetic honey-equivalent product inhibited growth of planktonic methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus strains, with the synthetic honey-equivalent product exhibiting a lower minimum inhibitory concentration. Treatment of established S. aureus biofilms reduced biofilm viability with 24-hour treatment resulting in a 2-log reduction in viability of biofilms formed by methicillin-resistant strains and a 1-log reduction in biofilms formed by methicillin-sensitive strains. This preliminary study shows that the synthetic honey-equivalent product provides marked antimicrobial activity against S. aureus biofilms, with the potential for development in the clinical setting as an adjunctive biofilm-targeted therapy in CRS. The ultimate aim of such a product would be to reduce the need for antibiotics, steroids, and invasive surgical procedures in CRS patients as well as improving clinical outcomes following endoscopic sinus surgery.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/AP08073
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-01-2012
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2011
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-2012
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-05-2016
Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
Date: 15-09-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1071/AP96036
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2014
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1071/APP9950188
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2005
DOI: 10.2307/25065319
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-06-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-05-2017
DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2017.1330026
Abstract: Macalpinomyces was established in 1977, with the type species M. eriachnes described from a specimen collected in northern Australia on the grass Eriachne sp. in 1855. Subsequently, M. eriachnes has been reported on more than 21 species of Eriachne in northern Australia. In this study, a polyphasic approach was employed to determine whether M. eriachnes masked cryptic ersity. On the basis of morphology, multilocus phylogeny, and coalescent methods of generalized mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) and Poisson tree processes (PTP) models, 26 specimens of Macalpinomyces on 13 species of Eriachne held in Australian herbaria were studied. Consequently, 10 new species of Macalpinomyces that satisfied the phylogenetic species recognition criteria are described.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1991
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-09-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-04-2018
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-09-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1071/AP96029
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-06-2010
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 14-02-2012
Abstract: Bacterial contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) is mediated by the CdiB/CdiA family of two-partner secretion proteins. CdiA effector proteins are exported onto the surface of CDI + inhibitor cells, where they interact with susceptible bacteria and deliver effectors/toxins derived from their C-terminal regions (CdiA-CT). CDI + cells also produce an immunity protein that binds the CdiA-CT and blocks its activity to prevent autoinhibition. Here, we show that the CdiA-CT from uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain 536 (UPEC536) is a latent tRNase that requires activation by the biosynthetic enzyme CysK ( O -acetylserine sulfhydrylase A). UPEC536 CdiA-CT exhibits no nuclease activity in vitro, but cleaves within transfer RNA (tRNA) anti-codon loops when purified CysK is added. CysK and CdiA-CT form a stable complex, and their binding interaction appears to mimic that of the CysK/CysE cysteine synthase complex. CdiA-CT activation is also required for growth inhibition. Synthesis of CdiA-CT in E. coli cysK + cells arrests cell growth, whereas the growth of Δ cysK mutants is unaffected by the toxin. Moreover, E. coli ΔcysK cells are completely resistant to inhibitor cells expressing UPEC536 CdiA, indicating that CysK is required to activate the tRNase during CDI. Thus, CysK acts as a permissive factor for CDI, providing a potential mechanism to modulate growth inhibition in target cells.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-08-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-12-2018
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-06-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-07-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-02-2017
DOI: 10.1038/SREP42166
Abstract: The bacterial second messenger cyclic di-3′,5′-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a key regulator of bacterial motility and virulence. As high levels of c-di-GMP are associated with the biofilm lifestyle, c-di-GMP hydrolysing phosphodiesterases (PDEs) have been identified as key targets to aid development of novel strategies to treat chronic infection by exploiting biofilm dispersal. We have studied the EAL signature motif-containing phosphodiesterase domains from the Pseudomonas aeruginosa proteins PA3825 (PA3825 EAL ) and PA1727 (MucR EAL ). Different dimerisation interfaces allow us to identify interface independent principles of enzyme regulation. Unlike previously characterised two-metal binding EAL-phosphodiesterases, PA3825 EAL in complex with pGpG provides a model for a third metal site. The third metal is positioned to stabilise the negative charge of the 5′-phosphate, and thus three metals could be required for catalysis in analogy to other nucleases. This newly uncovered variation in metal coordination may provide a further level of bacterial PDE regulation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-10-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JTBI.2011.10.007
Abstract: Biofilms are currently recognised as the predominant bacterial life-style and it has been suggested that biofilm development is influenced by a number of different processes such as adhesion, detachment, mass transport, quorum sensing, cell death and active dispersal. One of the least understood processes and its effects on biofilm development is cell death. However, experimental studies suggest that bacterial death is an important process during biofilm development and many studies show a relationship between cell death and dispersal in microbial biofilms. We present a model of the process of cell death during biofilm development, with a particular focus on the spatial localisation of cell death or cell damage. Three rules governing cell death or cell damage were evaluated which compared the effects of starvation, damage accumulation, and viability during biofilm development and were also used to design laboratory based experiments to test the model. Results from model simulations show that actively growing biofilms develop steep nutrient gradients within the interior of the biofilm that affect neighbouring microcolonies resulting in cell death and detachment. Two of the rules indicated that high substrate concentrations lead to accelerated cell death, in contrast to the third rule, based on the accumulation of damage, which predicted earlier cell death for biofilms grown with low substrate concentrations. Comparison of the modelling results with experimental results suggests that cell death is favoured under low nutrient conditions and that the accumulation of damage may be the main cause of cell death during biofilm development.
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 23-12-2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-03-2020
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.13170
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-10-2016
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 17-09-2019
DOI: 10.1093/JAC/DKZ378
Abstract: The cephalosporin nitric oxide (NO)-donor prodrug DEA-C3D (‘DiEthylAmin-Cephalosporin-3′-Diazeniumdiolate’) has been shown to initiate the dispersal of biofilms formed by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa laboratory strain PAO1. In this study, we investigated whether DEA-C3D disperses biofilms formed by clinical cystic fibrosis (CF) isolates of P. aeruginosa and its effect in combination with two antipseudomonal antibiotics, tobramycin and colistin, in vitro. β-Lactamase-triggered release of NO from DEA-C3D was confirmed using a gas-phase chemiluminescence detector. MICs for P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were determined using the broth microdilution method. A crystal violet staining technique and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to evaluate the effects of DEA-C3D on P. aeruginosa biofilms alone and in combination with tobramycin and colistin. DEA-C3D was confirmed to selectively release NO in response to contact with bacterial β-lactamase. Despite lacking direct, cephalosporin/β-lactam-based antibacterial activity, DEA-C3D was able to disperse biofilms formed by three P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. Confocal microscopy revealed that DEA-C3D in combination with tobramycin produces similar reductions in biofilm to DEA-C3D alone, whereas the combination with colistin causes near complete eradication of P. aeruginosa biofilms in vitro. DEA-C3D is effective in dispersing biofilms formed by multiple clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and could hold promise as a new adjunctive therapy to patients with CF.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1071/A97143
Abstract: Biotic influences on doublegee(Emex australis Steinheil) seed production wereinvestigated as a precursor to the introduction of new insect biologicalcontrol agents for this weed, and to investigate the cause of doublegeedecline in the northern and central wheatbelt of Western Australia since 1990.The symptoms of the decline are doublegee plants of reduced size withdistorted leaves, collapsed stems, and smaller achenes(the spiny seed-bearing fruit) that crumble when mature.Three sites were investigated in 1992 by surveys for insects and fungi, andinsect and fungus exclusion experiments.Emex stem blight (Phomopsis emicis R. G. Shivas) waspresent at the 3 study sites. The Watheroo site had comparatively high levelsof dock aphids (Brachycaudus rumexicolens Patch) ondoublegee plants, the Badgingarra site had a comparatively high density ofdock sawfly (Lophyrotoma analis Costa) on doublegee, andvery few insects were present on doublegee at the Wongan Hills site. Viruseswere not detected in s les of plants showing the effects of decline.The exclusion experiment showed a significant effect of removing insects andfungi on achene dry weight at the Watheroo site. There was no treatment effectat the Badgingarra and Wongan Hills sites. The biology of the fungus and theaphid lead to the conclusion that the primary cause of doublegee decline isthe dock aphid. This indicates that biological control againstE. australis might be achieved by using insects thatindirectly affect seed quality.
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.03676-14
Abstract: Periprosthetic infection (PI) causes significant morbidity and mortality after fixation and joint arthroplasty and has been extensively linked to the formation of bacterial biofilms. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), as a cement or as beads, is commonly used for antibiotic release to the site of infection but displays variable elution kinetics and also represents a potential nidus for infection, therefore requiring surgical removal once antibiotics have eluted. Absorbable cements have shown improved elution of a wider range of antibiotics and, crucially, complete biodegradation, but limited data exist as to their antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy. Synthetic calcium sulfate beads loaded with tobramycin, vancomycin, or vancomycin-tobramycin dual treatment (in a 1:0.24 [wt/wt] ratio) were assessed for their abilities to eradicate planktonic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis relative to that of PMMA beads. The ability of the calcium sulfate beads to prevent biofilm formation over multiple days and to eradicate preformed biofilms was studied using a combination of viable cell counts, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy of the bead surface. Biofilm bacteria displayed a greater tolerance to the antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts. Antibiotic-loaded beads were able to kill planktonic cultures of 10 6 CFU/ml, prevent bacterial colonization, and significantly reduce biofilm formation over multiple days. However, established biofilms were harder to eradicate. These data further demonstrate the difficulty in clearing established biofilms therefore, early preventive measures are key to reducing the risk of PI. Synthetic calcium sulfate loaded with antibiotics has the potential to reduce or eliminate biofilm formation on adjacent periprosthetic tissue and prosthesis material and, thus, to reduce the rates of periprosthetic infection.
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 21-04-2020
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02073-19
Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are a significant problem in health care settings, partly due to the presence of a non iding, antibiotic-tolerant subpopulation. Here we evaluated treatment of S. aureus UAMS-1 biofilms with HT61, a quinoline derivative shown to be effective against non iding Staphylococcus spp. HT61 was effective at reducing biofilm viability and was associated with increased expression of cell wall stress and ision proteins, confirming its potential as a treatment for S. aureus biofilm infections.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1998
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-09-2014
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 16-06-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-06-2013
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 31-12-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/AP02060
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-12-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41396-021-01157-9
Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms exhibit an intrinsic resistance to antibiotics and constitute a considerable clinical threat. In cystic fibrosis, a common feature of biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa in the airway is the occurrence of mutants deficient in flagellar motility. This study investigates the impact of flagellum deletion on the structure and antibiotic tolerance of P. aeruginosa biofilms, and highlights a role for the flagellum in adaptation and cell survival during biofilm development. Mutations in the flagellar hook protein FlgE influence greatly P. aeruginosa biofilm structuring and antibiotic tolerance. Phenotypic analysis of the flgE knockout mutant compared to the wild type (WT) reveal increased fitness under planktonic conditions, reduced initial adhesion but enhanced formation of microcolony aggregates in a microfluidic environment, and decreased expression of genes involved in exopolysaccharide formation. Biofilm cells of the flgE knock-out mutant display enhanced tolerance towards multiple antibiotics, whereas its planktonic cells show similar resistance to the WT. Confocal microscopy of biofilms demonstrates that gentamicin does not affect the viability of cells located in the inner part of the flgE knock-out mutant biofilms due to reduced penetration. These findings suggest that deficiency in flagellar proteins like FlgE in biofilms and in cystic fibrosis infections represent phenotypic and evolutionary adaptations that alter the structure of P. aeruginosa biofilms conferring increased antibiotic tolerance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1997
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/SB02007
Abstract: Three new species of Cuvularia, C. bothriochloae sp. nov., C. micrairae sp. nov. and C. queenslandica sp. nov., isolated from grass hosts in Queensland are described, illustrated and compared with closely related species.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1071/AP98032
Publisher: The Mycological Society of Japan
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1994
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-05-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-03-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-01-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-11-2016
Publisher: Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
Date: 09-2012
DOI: 10.3114/SIM0002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 30-06-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.09.004
Abstract: Chemical investigations of the culture broth from an endophytic fungus Eupenicillium sp. have afforded two natural products phomoxins B (1) and C (2) as well as the previously reported fungal metabolite eupenoxide (3). Compounds 1 and 2 both contain a cyclic carbonate moiety that is rare among natural products. This paper reports the full spectroscopic characterisation of phomoxins B (1) and C (2) by NMR, UV, IR and MS data. All compounds were inactive against a panel of nosocomial microbes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/AP07061
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-10-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1989
DOI: 10.1071/APP9890029
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-07-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 02-12-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/AP08026
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1989
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHIN.2017.06.005
Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections have been linked to contaminated hospital taps, highlighting the potential for tap outlet fittings (OF) to harbour biofilm. P. aeruginosa may be transferred to OFs via contaminated cleaning cloths. Suggested interventions include flushing regimens and alternative OF designs. To investigate the transfer of P. aeruginosa from a contaminated cleaning cloth to conventional and 'antimicrobial/antibiofilm' OFs and to determine whether this contamination persists and/or leads to contamination of tap water. Microfibre cloths contaminated with P. aeruginosa (10 The median number of P. aeruginosa transferred from cloth to OF was 5.7 × 10 Contaminated cleaning cloths may transfer P. aeruginosa to OFs, leading to contamination of tap water. Although not removing the potential for contamination, 'antimicrobial/antibiofilm' OFs may prevent P. aeruginosa from continually contaminating water delivered from the outlet.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-01-2022
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.1C02501
Abstract: The current methods for diagnosis of acute and chronic infections are complex and skill-intensive. For complex clinical biofilm infections, it can take days from collecting and processing a patient's s le to achieving a result. These aspects place a significant burden on healthcare providers, delay treatment, and can lead to adverse patient outcomes. We report the development and application of a novel multi-excitation Raman spectroscopy-based methodology for the label-free and non-invasive detection of microbial pathogens that can be used with unprocessed clinical s les directly and provide rapid data to inform diagnosis by a medical professional. The method relies on the differential excitation of non-resonant and resonant molecular components in bacterial cells to enhance the molecular finger-printing capability to obtain strain-level distinction in bacterial species. Here, we use this strategy to detect and characterize the respiratory pathogens
Publisher: The Mycological Society of Japan
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2003
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-08-15-0851-RE
Abstract: Puccinia psidii (Myrtle rust) is an emerging pathogen that has a wide host range in the Myrtaceae family it continues to show an increase in geographic range and is considered to be a significant threat to Myrtaceae plants worldwide. In this study, we describe the development and validation of three novel real-time polymerase reaction (qPCR) assays using ribosomal DNA and β-tubulin gene sequences to detect P. psidii. All qPCR assays were able to detect P. psidii DNA extracted from urediniospores and from infected plants, including asymptomatic leaf tissues. Depending on the gene target, qPCR was able to detect down to 0.011 pg of P. psidii DNA. The most optimum qPCR assay was shown to be highly specific, repeatable, and reproducible following testing using different qPCR reagents and real-time PCR platforms in different laboratories. In addition, a duplex qPCR assay was developed to allow co lification of the cytochrome oxidase gene from host plants for use as an internal PCR control. The most optimum qPCR assay proved to be faster and more sensitive than the previously published nested PCR assay and will be particularly useful for high-throughput testing and to detect P. psidii at the early stages of infection, before the development of sporulating rust pustules.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.FUNBIO.2014.08.006
Abstract: The black rot disease of Vitis species and other host genera of Vitacease is caused by Phyllosticta elicida and allied taxa which is considered to be a species complex. In this paper, we introduce four new species of Phyllosticta, including two from the P. elicida complex, based on a polyphasic characterization including disease symptoms and host association, morphology, and molecular phylogeny. The phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and a combined multi-locus alignment of the ITS, actin (ACT), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1), and glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) gene regions. Our study confirms the phylogenetic distinctions of the four new species, as well as their phenotypic differences with known species in the genus.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-09-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-11-2011
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 27-06-2013
Abstract: Compared to those of dicot-infecting bacteria, the available genome sequences of bacteria that infect wheat and barley are limited. Herein, we report the draft genome sequences of four pseudomonads originally isolated from these cereals. These genome sequences provide a useful resource for comparative analyses within the genus and for cross-kingdom analyses of plant pathogenesis.
Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
Date: 09-05-2019
DOI: 10.3897/MYCOKEYS.52.30461
Abstract: A combined ecological, morphological, and molecular approach was used to examine 26 herbarium specimens and eight strains of Moesziomyces . The phylogenetic analysis resolved eight well-supported clades, of which three contained type specimens of known species of Moesziomyces . One clade contained two specimens that produced a teleomorph in the flowers of Echinochloakimberleyensis in Australia. The name Moesziomyceskimberleyensis is proposed for this smut fungus. Another clade contained specimens that produced sori in the flowers of Leersiahexandra . The name Thecaphoraglobuligera (now Moesziomycesglobuligerus ) is available for this species, which is lectotypified. The teleomorph of Moesziomycesantarcticus , previously known only from Japan, is found for the first time in China, on Echinochloacrus-galli .
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/AP08015
Publisher: Microbiology Society
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1099/JMM.0.001046
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 23-12-2015
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 28-08-2016
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-02-2015
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 28-03-2014
Abstract: Within-population genetic ersity is an essential evolutionary prerequisite for processes ranging from antibiotic resistance to niche adaptation, but its generation is poorly understood, with most studies focusing on fixed substitutions at the end point of long-term evolution. Using deep sequencing, we analyzed short-term, within-population genetic ersification occurring during biofilm formation of the model bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa . We discovered extensive parallel evolution between biological replicates at the level of pathways, genes, and even in idual nucleotides. Short-term ersification featured positive selection of relatively few nonsynonymous mutations, with the majority of the genome being conserved by negative selection. This result is broadly consistent with observations of long-term evolution and suggests ersifying selection may underlie genetic ersification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2004
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSE.2016.09.042
Abstract: The role of Propionibacterium acnes in shoulder arthroplasty and broadly in orthopedic prosthetic infections has historically been underestimated, with biofilm formation identified as a key virulence factor attributed to invasive isolates. With an often indolent clinical course, P acnes infection can be difficult to detect and treat. This study investigates absorbable cements loaded with a broad-spectrum antibiotic combination as an effective preventive strategy to combat P acnes biofilms. P acnes biofilm formation on an unloaded synthetic calcium sulfate (CaSO P acnes surface colonization and biofilm formation on unloaded CaSO This study demonstrates that antibiotic-loaded CaSO
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1574-6968.2008.01472.X
Abstract: Epidemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been identified in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients worldwide. The Australian Epidemic Strain-2 (AES-2) infects up to 40% of patients in three eastern Australian CF clinics. To investigate whether AES-2 isolates from chronically infected CF adults differentially express well-conserved genes potentially associated with transmissibility, we compared the transcriptomes of planktonic and biofilm-grown AES-2, infrequent P. aeruginosa clones and the reference P. aeruginosa PAO1 using the Affymetrix PAO1 array. The most interesting findings emerged from comparisons of planktonic and biofilm AES-2. AES-2 biofilms upregulated Type III secretion system genes, but downregulated quorum-sensing (QS)-regulatory genes, except lasR, QS-regulated, oxidative-stress and iron-storage genes. QS-regulated and iron-storage genes were downregulated to a greater extent in AES-2 biofilms compared with infrequent clone and PAO1 biofilms, suggesting enhanced anaerobic respiration in AES-2. Chitinase and chitin-binding protein maintained high expression in AES-2 biofilms compared with infrequent clone and PAO1 biofilms. Planktonic AES-2 upregulated QS regulators and QS-regulated genes, iron acquisition and aerobic respiration genes, and had high expression of Group III Type IV pilA compared with low expression of Group I Type IV pilA in infrequent clones. Together, these properties may enhance long-term survival of AES-2 in CF lung and contribute to its transmissibility.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-12-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-019-55567-Z
Abstract: Non-surface attached bacterial aggregates are frequently found in clinical settings associated with chronic infections. Current methods quantifying the extent to which a suspended bacterial population is aggregated mainly rely on: (1) cell size distribution curves that are difficult to be compared numerically among large-scale s les (2) the average size roportion of aggregates in a population that do not specify the aggregation patterns. Here we introduce a novel application of Gini coefficient, herein named Aggregation Coefficient (AC), to quantify the aggregation levels of cystic fibrosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CF-PA) isolates in vitro using 3D micrographs, Fiji and MATLAB. Different aggregation patterns of five strains were compared statistically using the numerical AC indexes, which correlated well with the size distribution curves plotted by different biovolumes of aggregates. To test the sensitivity of AC, aggregates of the same strains were treated with nitric oxide (NO), a dispersal agent that reduces the biomass of surface attached biofilms. Strains unresponsive to NO were reflected by comparable AC indexes, while those undergoing dispersal showed a significant reduction in AC index, mirroring the changes in average aggregate sizes and proportions. Therefore, AC provides simpler and more descriptive numerical outputs for measuring different aggregation patterns compared to current approaches.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-11-2014
Location: Australia
No related grants have been discovered for Roger Shivas.