ORCID Profile
0000-0001-9628-1211
Current Organisation
University of Western Australia
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-03-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S00299-014-1588-5
Abstract: GmPAP4 , a novel plant PAP gene in soybean, has phytase activity. Over-expressing GmPAP4 can enhance Arabidopsis growth when phytate is the sole P source in culture. Phosphorus (P) is an important macronutrient for plant growth and development. However, most of the total P in soils is fixed into organic phosphate (Po). Purple acid phosphatase (PAP) can hydrolyze Po in the soil to liberate inorganic phosphate and enhance plant P utilization. We isolated a novel PAP gene, GmPAP4, from soybean (Glycine max). It had an open reading frame of 1,329 bp, encoding 442 amino acid residues. Sequence alignment and phylogenetics analysis indicated that GmPAP4 was similar to other plant PAPs with large molecular masses. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the induced expression of GmPAP4 was greater in P-efficient genotype Zhonghuang15 (ZH15) than in P-inefficient genotype Niumaohuang (NMH) during the periods of flowering (28-35 days post phytate stress DPP) and pod formation (49-63 DPP). Moreover, peak expression, at 63 DPP, was about 3-fold higher in 'ZH15' than in 'NMH'. Sub-cellular localization showed that GmPAP4 might be on plasma membrane or in cytoplasm. Over-expressing GmPAP4 in Arabidopsis resulted in significant rises in P acquisition and utilization compared with the wild-type (WT). Under phytate condition, transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed increases of approximately 132.7 % in dry weight and 162.6 % in shoot P content compared with the WT. Furthermore, when phytate was added as the sole P source in cultures, the activity of acid phosphatase was significantly higher in transgenic plants. Therefore, GmPAP4 is a novel PAP gene that functions in plant's utilization of organic phosphate especially under phytate condition.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-10-2010
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERP307
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Humana Press
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-613-9_13
Abstract: Since the development of molecular markers to tag genes of agronomic traits of interests, molecular markers have played an increasingly significant role in breeding programs. Molecular markers have been implemented for large-scale marker-assisted selection in the breeding program of many important crops including lupin. So far, more than a dozen molecular markers for disease resistance genes and for other agronomic traits of interest have been developed in lupin. The DNA fingerprinting method, "MFLP" has played a pivotal role in the success of lupin breeding program in Australia. Here, we describe the MFLP technique used in lupin breeding which could be easily transferable to other crop species.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 18-11-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-08-2007
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 03-09-2013
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-2006
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/CP15244
Abstract: Understanding the genetic control of agronomic traits is important in designing crop improvement programs. Study was conducted to analyse the genetic control of root length under water stress. A full diallel cross of four spring wheat lines, along with their F1 progenies was evaluated under –0.82 MPa water stress in a hydroponic culture. Analysis of variance showed highly significant (P 0.01) difference among the parental lines and their F1 progenies. Genotypes Santa Elena, Colotana 296–52 and Pato showed comparable longer roots whereas Tincurrin grew significantly (P 0.05) shorter roots. Genotypes with long roots were found to have more dominant genes than those with shorter roots. Both general and specific combining abilities were highly significant (P 0.01) indicating the importance of additive and dominant gene effects in the control of root length under water stress. Genotype Santa Elena was found to be the best general combiner whereas the specific cross Santa Elena × Pato was the best hybrid. Moderate narrow-sense heritability (38%) was observed indicating the possibility of improving root length under water stress. The highly significant specific combining ability value (dominant genetic control) suggests that genotypes with more dominant genes should be selected as parents for hybridisation and the hybrid wheat approach might be helpful in improving water stress resistance.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1071/CP17423
Abstract: Resistance to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most valuable traits in many breeding programs. However, the quantitative nature of inheritance of PHS resistance challenges the study of this trait. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) can turn a complicated quantitative trait into a Mendelian factor (qualitative) and are, therefore, valuable materials for identification of the gene(s) responsible for a specific phenotypic trait and for functional studies of specific loci. Five pairs of NILs were developed and confirmed for a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) located on the long arm of chromosome 3A contributing to PHS resistance in wheat. These NILs were generated by using the heterogeneous inbred family method and a fast generation-cycling system. Significant differences in PHS resistance between the isolines were detected in the NILs. The presence of the PHS-resistance allele from the resistant parent increased resistance to sprouting on spikes by 26.7–96.8%, with an average of 73.8%, and increased seed dormancy by 36.9–87.2%, with an average of 59.9% across the NILs. These NILs are being used for the identification of candidate genes responsible for this major PHS-resistance locus on wheat chromosome arm 3AL.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-05-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-09-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-06-2012
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/CP10352
Abstract: Narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustilolius L.) is a grain legume of exceptionally high nutritive value and much versatile food and animal feed around the world. The development of lupin as a modern crop was limited by its high concentration of alkaloids. Progress in breeding necessitates a better understanding of the genetics underlying the trait – low-alkaloid level (sweet). Marker-assisted selection would allow a better targeting of the desired genes. The microsatellite-anchored fragment length polymorphism (MFLP) fingerprinting technology was applied to an F8 recombination inbred line (RIL) population to identify and select candidate markers linked to the low-alkaloid gene iucundus. Four MFLP markers were identified as candidate markers based on their banding patterns in the F8 RIL population. One of these candidate markers showing the best correlation with phenotypes in the representative germplasm was selected and successfully converted into a simple PCR-based co-dominant marker, named IucLi. This established marker IucLi is 0.9 cM away from the sweet (low-alkaloid) gene iucundus. The accuracy between marker genotype and phenotype is 100% in the common 25 cultivars and 86.4% among the 125 accessions of narrow-leafed lupin core collection. Marker IucLi is being used in narrow-leafed lupin breeding for selection of ‘sweet’ in iduals. The marker is also used to develop near-isogenic lines to further characterise and fine mapping the iucundus locus.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-01-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2010
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/CP11046
Abstract: Narrow-leafed lupin (NLL) is one of the major legume crops in Australian farming systems which is largely used as animal feed. Several modern cultivars have been developed through breeding making NLL feasible for use as human food. Significant health benefits have been recognised for NLL. The current study characterised protein polymorphism among 25 Australian cultivars through mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) with the aim of developing molecular breeding strategies to improve protein quality and content. A total of 364 seed protein mass peaks were clearly identified by MALDI-TOF and 50 protein mass peaks were cultivar specific. In addition, 9 protein mass peaks were found present in all cultivars and 61 protein mass peaks present in 2–3 cultivars only. Phylogenic analysis based on the protein profile categorised the cultivars into 2 major groups, which are broadly supported by pedigree information. The low proportion (2.4%) of common protein mass peaks among the cultivars suggested a high level of ersity in seed protein of NLL.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/CP13103
Abstract: Interspecific F1 hybrids were obtained from a cross between a male sterile Brassica napus (2n = 4x = 38, AA (20) and CC (18) genomes) and an inbreeding line B. rapa (Purple Cai-Tai inbred line 9418, 2n = 2x = 20, AA (20) genome) to introgress male sterility from a tetraploid into a diploid through backcrossing. The morphological characteristics of F1 plants were more like the female parent B. napus and segregated considerably in BC1 when backcrossed to the recurrent parent Purple Cai-Tai. The progeny became stable and more similar to Purple Cai-Tai by BC4. Most C genome chromosomes were found to be eliminated, based on cytogenetic analysis. The majority of chromosomes were eliminated at very early backcross stages, with only 20–26 chromosomes in BC1 plants, and some chromosomes were eliminated gradually with increased backcross generations. The BC4 plants were generally stable with exactly 20 chromosomes. Analysis by AFLP indicated that 49.5–68.7% of the total bands eliminated from F1 to BC4 were female parent specific, and ~12% of B. napus bands were retained with increased backcrossing. The genetic materials controlling sterility from the female parent B. napus were introgressed successfully into the BC4 plants even though most B. napus chromosomes/genetic materials were eliminated during the backcross process.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-05-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1439-0434.2012.01920.X
Abstract: Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a major disease of wheat and barley, and stem‐base browning has been routinely used to measure resistance. Compared with barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) shows less severe FCR stem‐base browning symptoms (indicative of greater resistance or tolerance) but suffers higher yield loss (indicative of greater susceptibility), whereas durum wheat ( T. durum Desf.) shows similar FCR severity but suffers much worse yield loss. To understand these differences, fungal biomass in bread and durum wheats and barley was estimated by real‐time quantitative PCR at different stages of FCR disease development. Similar to a previous report on bread wheat infection by Fusarium graminearum , FCR infection caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum also showed ‘three distinct phases’ in each of the three crop species analysed. During all stages of FCR disease development, barley varieties invariably displayed earlier and faster fungal accumulation compared with either bread or durum wheat. Although suffering much greater yield loss than barley, durum wheat appears to accumulate significantly lower levels of F . pseodugraminearum during infection. These results demonstrate that bread wheat varieties are more resistant to FCR infection and pathogen accumulation than barley varieties, and the less yield loss of the latter is likely due to its better tolerance to this disease. If also existing among different sources of resistance within a given species, these different features of disease resistance and tolerance could be exploited to minimize yield loss of new varieties.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-03-2021
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS22073579
Abstract: Global wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is constrained by different biotic and abiotic stresses, which are increasing with climate change. An improved root system is essential for adaptability and sustainable wheat production. In this study, 10 pairs of near-isogenic lines (NILs)—targeting four genomic regions (GRs) on chromosome arms 4BS, 4BL, 4AS, and 7AL of hexaploid wheat—were used to phenotype root traits in a semi-hydroponic system. Seven of the 10 NIL pairs significantly differed between their isolines for 11 root traits. The NIL pairs targeting qDSI.4B.1 GR varied the most, followed by the NIL pair targeting qDT.4A.1 and QHtscc.ksu-7A GRs. For pairs 5–7 targeting qDT.4A.1 GR, pair 6 significantly differed in the most root traits. Of the 4 NIL pairs targeting qDSI.4B.1 GR, pairs 2 and 4 significantly differed in 3 and 4 root traits, respectively. Pairs 9 and 10 targeting QHtscc.ksu-7A GR significantly differed in 1 and 4 root traits, respectively. Using the wheat 90K Illumina iSelect array, we identified 15 putative candidate genes associated with different root traits in the contrasting isolines, in which two UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT)-encoding genes, TraesCS4A02G185300 and TraesCS4A02G442700, and a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase (LRR-RLK)-encoding gene, TraesCS4A02G330900, also showed important functions for root trait control in other crops. This study characterized, for the first time, that these GRs control root traits in wheat, and identified candidate genes, although the candidate genes will need further confirmation and validation for marker-assisted wheat breeding.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 04-06-2020
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-29235/V1
Abstract: Background Weed infestation is one of the major yield-reducing factors in wheat in dry-land farming. Metribuzin is a broad-spectrum herbicide which allow effective weed management in wheat but the narrow safety margin results in crop damage decreasing grain yield. Improving our understanding of the genetic and genomic basis for metribuzin tolerance opens the potential to enhance herbicide tolerance and better productivity in wheat. The present investigation examines the genes involved in regulation of metribuzin tolerance including genetic/signalling pathways, transcription factors, phytohormones, and gene based EST-SSR markers related to photosynthesis and metabolic detoxification. Results Transcriptome sequencing of most erse genotypes using high throughput NovaSeq 6000 RNA-Seq platform identified a total of 77,443 genes, of which 59,915 were known genes and 17,528 were novel genes. The integrative analyses of the expression profiles of genes and pathways at 0 h, 24 h and 60 h herbicide exposure indicated that modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and endogenous increase of light-harvesting chlorophyll ( Lhc) a/b-binding proteins, PSII stability factor HCF136, metabolic detoxification enzymes (peroxidase, cytochrome P450, glycosyltransferase, glutathione transferase, oxidoreductase), and glucose metabolism conferred metribuzin tolerance in wheat. The validation of DEGs related to photosynthesis ( Lhc a/b- binding proteins and PSII stability factor HCF136) and metabolic enzymes (cytochrome P450, peroxidase) using RT-qPCR confirmed their responsiveness to metribuzin. Over-expression of transcription factors MYB, AP2-EREBP, ABI3VP1, bHLH, and NAC played a significant roles in regulating photosynthetic and ROS scavenging activities during metribuzin stress. Transcripts with significant enrichments (q-value 0.05), related to photosynthesis and metabolic detoxification revealed 114 EST-SSRs which may be used as bio-markers. Conclusions The integrative analyses of the data suggests that high amount of sugars, modulation of ROS homeostasis and enhanced photosynthetic activity play a significant role in regulating metribuzin tolerance in wheat. Our data identified master regulators controlling metribuzin tolerance that provide promising avenues for wheat industry.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2016.07.002
Abstract: The auxin herbicide quinclorac is widely used for controlling weeds in transplanted and direct-seeded rice fields. However, its phytotoxic responses on rice are still unknown. Therefore, in the present investigation we studied the effects of different concentrations (0, 0.1 and 0.5g/L) of quinclorac herbicide on the physiological and biochemical changes of two rice cultivars (XS 134 and ZJ 88) and further analyzed the ameliorating role of salicylic acid (SA) on quinclorac toxicity in rice plants. The results revealed that exogenous application of SA significantly increased plant biomass and total chlorophyll contents in herbicide stressed plants. The lipid peroxidation and ROS (H2O2, O2(-.), (-)OH) production were significantly increased in roots and leaves of both rice cultivars under quinclorac stress, demonstrating an oxidative burst in rice plants. Whereas, application of SA significantly lowered ROS contents under quinclorac stress. Further, exogenous SA treatment significantly modulated antioxidant enzymes and enhanced GSH concentration in stress plants. Anatomical observations of leaf and root revealed that herbicide affected internal structures, while SA played a vital role in protection from toxic effects. Expression analysis of stress hormone ABA genes (OsABA8oxs, OsNCEDs) revealed that quinclorac application enhanced stress condition in cultivar ZJ 88, while SA treatment downregulated ABA genes more in cultivar XS 134, which correlated with the enhanced tolerance to quinclorac induced oxidative stress in this cultivar. The present study delineated that SA played a critical role under quinclorac stress in both rice cultivars by regulating antioxidant defense system, reducing ROS formation and preventing the degradation of internal cell organelles.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-2003
Publisher: Southern Cross Publishing
Date: 20-03-2016
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 21-04-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-12-2016
Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
Date: 03-2017
Abstract: Medium pH is generally adjusted to 5.8 to 6.0 for plant tissue culture. Our research indicated that pH generally falls between 5.5 and 7.5 in an ordinarily made medium which can be directly used for apple tissue culture without adjusting pH. Repeated adjustment of pH by adding NaOH and HCl leads to the increase in Na + and Cl − concentration and decrease in Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ concentration in the medium due to precipitation. To determine the pros, cons, and necessity of pH levels while making medium in plant tissue culture, subculture proliferation, adventitious root induction, and organ regeneration, the apple cultivars Fuji, Golden Delicious, Jonagold, and Gala were used and hardness of the medium and the ion content of Na + , Cl − , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ in the medium under different pH were measured. In the lower pH range of 5.0–5.5, plantlets could be subcultured and grew normally however, the medium did not solidify or solidified poorly resulting in problems associated with handling. No significant difference was found among the treatments when pH ranged 6.0–8.0 in terms of proliferation, adventitious root induction, and adventitious bud regeneration from leaves, except a slight decrease in shoot number proliferation in ‘Jonagold’ and in adventitious bud regeneration from leaves in ‘Fuji’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ at pH above 7.5. The hardness of the medium increased with the increased pH. The superfluous Cl − and Na + generated during the process of overadjusting pH to 7.0 by adding NaOH and then readjusting to 6.0 by adding HCl significantly affected the proliferation, rooting, and organ regeneration of apple plantlets. A relative broad range of medium pH (5.5–7.5) is suitable for apple tissue culture. We suggest that it is not necessary to always adjust medium pH to 5.8–6.0 in apple tissue culture especially the repeated adjustment should be avoided.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-05-2023
DOI: 10.1002/TPG2.20343
Abstract: Drought is a major constraint for wheat production that is receiving increased attention due to global climate change. This study conducted isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation proteomic analysis on near‐isogenic lines to shed light on the underlying mechanism of qDSI.4B.1 quantitative trait loci (QTL) on the short arm of chromosome 4B conferring drought tolerance in wheat. Comparing tolerant with susceptible isolines, 41 differentially expressed proteins were identified to be responsible for drought tolerance with a p ‐value of 0.05 and fold change .3 or .7. These proteins were mainly enriched in hydrogen peroxide metabolic activity, reactive oxygen species metabolic activity, photosynthetic activity, intracellular protein transport, cellular macromolecule localization, and response to oxidative stress. Prediction of protein interactions and pathways analysis revealed the interaction between transcription, translation, protein export, photosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism as the most important pathways responsible for drought tolerance. The five proteins, including 30S ribosomal protein S15, SRP54 domain‐containing protein, auxin‐repressed protein, serine hydroxymethyltransferase, and an uncharacterized protein with encoding genes on 4BS, were suggested as candidate proteins responsible for drought tolerance in qDSI.4B.1 QTL. The gene coding SRP54 protein was also one of the differentially expressed genes in our previous transcriptomic study.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-08-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-023-04438-3
Abstract: This study identified a novel SNP and developed a highly efficient KASP marker for drought tolerance in wheat by genotyping NILs targeting a major QTL for drought tolerance using an SNP array and validation with commercial varieties. Common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is an important winter crop worldwide and a typical allopolyploid with a large and complex genome. With global warming, the environmental volatility and incidence of drought in wheat-producing areas will increase. Molecular markers for drought tolerance are urgently needed to enhance drought tolerance breeding. Here, we genotyped four near-isogenic line (NIL) pairs targeting a major QTL qDSI.4B.1 on wheat chromosome arm 4BS for drought tolerance using the 90K SNP Illumina iSelect array and discovered a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (Excalibur_c100336_106) with consistent genotype–phenotype associations among all four NIL pairs and their parents. Then, we converted the SNP into a Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) marker, with an accuracy of 100% for the four NIL pairs and their parents and as high as 81.8% for the 44 tested wheat lines with known phenotypes collected from Australia and China. Two genes near this SNP were suggested as candidate genes for drought tolerance in wheat after checking the Chinese Spring reference genome annotation version 1.1. One gene, TraesCS4B02G085300, encodes an F-box protein reportedly related to the ABA network, a main pathway for drought tolerance, and another gene, TraesCS4B02G085400, encodes a calcineurin-like metallophos-phoesterase transmembrane protein, which participates in Ca 2+ -dependent phosphorylation regulatory system. Based on this work and previous research on pre-harvest sprouting, we established a quick and efficient general SQV-based approach for KASP marker development, integrating genotyping by SNP arrays (S) using NILs targeting major QTL for a specific trait (Q) and validating them with commercial varieties (V). The identified SNP and developed KASP marker could be applied to marker-assisted selection in drought breeding, and further study of the candidate genes may improve our understanding of drought tolerance in wheat.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-07-2010
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/SB03016
Abstract: The potential of RAPD and ISSR markers to construct molecular relationships of Grevillea was evaluated with 23 RAPD and 12 ISSR primers. The 16 genotypes representing 12 species and 3 subspecies of Grevillea were s led from the collection of the Mt Anann Botanic Garden, NSW. RAPD and ISSR assays generated a total of 401 RAPD and 280 ISSR fragments. High frequencies of polymorphisms, 99.39% for RAPD and 99.51% for ISSR, were detected by both markers. Three statistical approaches were employed to construct phylogenetic relationships from combined RAPD and ISSR data. Cluster analysis by the unweighted pair group method (UPGMA) of Jaccard's similarity and Neighbour-Joining analysis of total character difference generated dendograms with similar topology. Parsimony analysis also generated a tree that was in broad agreement with the two dendograms. The phylogenetic trees ided the Grevillea species studied into three groups. Group A consisted of G. buxifolia subsp. buxifolia, G. phylicoides and G. sphacelata. In group B, G. mucronulata was grouped together with G. montana, while G. diffusa, G. humilis, G. linearifolia, G. molyneuxii, G. oldei, G. sericea and G. speciosa formed group C. This molecular result was comparable to groupings suggested by a previous author (Makinson 2000) based on morphological characteristics. However, in contrast to the morphological taxonomy, molecular phylogeny suggests that G. oldei and G. speciosa belong to the same subgroup sensu Makinson (2000), whereas G. linearifolia and G. molyneuxii should not be placed in their originally suggested subgroups sensu Makinson (2000). The present study is the first published report on molecular relationships of Grevillea and can be considered as an initial point for further research on the genetic relationships and evolution of Grevillea.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.YGENO.2022.110268
Abstract: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed in six environments to identify major or consistent alleles responsible for wheat yield traits in Australia and North China where rainfed farming system is adopted. A panel of 228 spring wheat varieties were genotyped by double digest restriction-site associated DNA genotyping-by-sequencing. A total of 223 significant marker-trait association (MTAs) and 46 candidate genes for large- or consistent-effect MTAs were identified. The results were compared with previous studies based on a mini-review of 23 GWAS analyses on wheat yield. A phenomenon seldom reported in previous studies was that MTAs responsible for the trait tended to cluster together at certain chromosome segments, and many candidate genes were in the form of gene clusters. Although linkage disequilibrium (LD) might contribute to the co-segregation of the regions, it also suggested that marker-assisted selection (MAS) or transgenic method targeting a single gene might not be as effective as MAS targeting a larger genomic region where all the genes or gene clusters underlying play important roles.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-03-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-10-2014
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS6315
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/AR03012
Abstract: Randomly lified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to investigate genetic relationships among 25 cultivars of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.). Forty decamer primers were examined, among which 15 primers produced polymorphism. Twenty-five polymorphic bands were observed, ranging in size from 428 to 1646 bp. A fingerprinting key was generated using these polymorphic bands. A dendogram was constructed using neighbour-joining analysis based on phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (PAUP). Results indicate that RAPD markers can be used for the routine identification of cauliflower cultivars within B. oleracea var. botrytis L.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-02-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/CP12268
Abstract: This study investigated the genetic and environmental influences and their interactions on seed protein profiles of five narrow-leafed lupin cultivars grown under three different environmental conditions. High throughput MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry revealed 133 reproducible seed protein mass peaks. Thirty-one seed protein mass peaks were detected in all 15 combinations of cultivar × environment. Twenty mass peaks were influenced by cultivars irrespective of environment. Only six protein mass peaks were influenced by environments. Seventy-six mass peaks were highly variable. Number of mass peaks of lupin seed protein is mostly genetically controlled (P = 0.008) with no significant influence of the environment (P = 0.131). Environment and cultivar interactions were not significant (P = 0.889). Multivariate analyses of mass peak profiles supported the above analysis showing that protein mass peak profile was significantly (P = 0.001) influenced by cultivar but not by environment (P = 0.053). This result indicates the possibility of breeding new lupin cultivars targeting specific proteins for human food and animal feed without being too concerned about environmental influences.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-02-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-06-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S10577-010-9140-0
Abstract: Gene introgression into allopolyploid crop species from diploid or polyploid ancestors can be accomplished through homologous or homoeologous chromosome pairing during meiosis. We produced trigenomic Brassica interspecific hybrids (genome complements AABC, BBAC and CCAB) from the hidiploid species Brassica napus (AACC), Brassica juncea (AABB) and Brassica carinata (BBCC) in order to test whether the structure of each genome affects frequencies of homologous and homoeologous (both allosyndetic and autosyndetic) pairing during meiosis. AABC hybrids produced from three genotypes of B. napus were included to assess the genetic control of homoeologous pairing. Multi-colour fluorescent in situ hybridisation was used to quantify homologous pairing (e.g. A-genome bivalents in AABC), allosyndetic associations (e.g. B-C in AABC) and autosyndetic associations (e.g. B-B in AABC) at meiosis. A high percentage of homologous chromosomes formed pairs (97.5-99.3%), although many pairs were also involved in autosyndetic and allosyndetic associations. Allosyndesis was observed most frequently as A-C genome associations (mean 4.0 per cell) and less frequently as A-B genome associations (0.8 per cell) and B-C genome associations (0.3 per cell). Autosyndesis occurred most frequently in the haploid A genome (0.75 A-A per cell) and least frequently in the haploid B genome (0.13 B-B per cell). The frequency of C-C autosyndesis was greater in BBAC hybrids (0.75 per cell) than in any other hybrid. The frequency of A-B, A-C and B-C allosyndesis was affected by the genomic structure of the trigenomic hybrids. Frequency of allosyndesis was also influenced by the genotype of the B. napus paternal parent for the three AABC (B. juncea × B. napus) hybrid types. Homoeologous pairing between the Brassica A, B and C genomes in interspecific hybrids may be influenced by complex interactions between genome structure and allelic composition.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-01-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12870-021-02824-X
Abstract: Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat can cause severe damage to both grain yield and quality. Resistance to PHS is a quantitative trait controlled by many genes located across all 21 wheat chromosomes. The study targeted a large-effect quantitative trait locus (QTL) QPhs.ccsu-3A.1 for PHS resistance using several sets previously developed near-isogenic lines (NILs). Two pairs of NILs with highly significant phenotypic differences between the isolines were examined by RNA sequencing for their transcriptomic profiles on developing seeds at 15, 25 and 35 days after pollination (DAP) to identify candidate genes underlying the QTL and elucidate gene effects on PHS resistance. At each DAP, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the isolines were investigated. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of key DEGs suggested that six candidate genes underlie QPhs.ccsu-3A.1 responsible for PHS resistance in wheat. Candidate gene expression was further validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Within the targeted QTL interval, 16 genetic variants including five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 11 indels showed consistent polymorphism between resistant and susceptible isolines. The targeted QTL is confirmed to harbor core genes related to hormone signaling pathways that can be exploited as a key genomic region for marker-assisted selection. The candidate genes and SNP/indel markers detected in this study are valuable resources for understanding the mechanism of PHS resistance and for marker-assisted breeding of the trait in wheat.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/AR07425
Abstract: Reciprocal crosses were made between Brassica napus cv. Mystic (canola) and B. juncea JN29 (near canola quality). The F1 hybrids were selfed and backcrossed in all possible combinations to parent plants. The greatest number of selfed fertile progeny were obtained when Mystic was the maternal parent, and its F1 was most successful in backcrosses to Mystic or JN29 as maternal or paternal parent. The predominant morphological type of fertile progeny was B. napus, but several B. juncea morphological types occurred in F2 and BC1-derived lines. F2 : 3 and BC1S0 : 1 progeny showed transgressive segregation for agronomic and seed quality traits in two contrasting field environments. Several of the B. juncea-type progeny had improved seed quality (lower total seed glucosinolates and higher % oleic acid) over the B. juncea parent. Selfing of interspecific hybrids between canola-quality B. napus and B. juncea has the potential to greatly enhance genetic ersity in canola-quality progeny of both species, without the loss of donor alleles that normally occurs with repeated backcrossing.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 28-08-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-02-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-02-2017
Abstract: Silver staining is one of the widely used methods for DNA fragment detection in biological research. Silver staining protocols have been steadily optimized to improve detection efficiency. This research reports a continuous effort to simplify the existing silver staining protocols, lower experiment cost, and improve DNA detection sensitivity and image clarity. The new method only requires three reagents (silver nitrate, sodium hydroxide, and formaldehyde) and 6-7 min with high detection sensitivity to visualize as low as 14.6 pg (3.3 pg/mm
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/CP12225
Abstract: The pea weevil, Bruchus pisorum, is one of the most intractable pest problems of cultivated field pea (Pisum sativum) in the world. Pesticide application, either as a contact insecticide spray to the field pea crop or fumigation of the harvested seed, is the only available method for its control. The aim of the study was to develop a quick and reliable method to screen for pea weevil resistance and increase efficiency in breeding for this important trait. Backcrossed progenies derived from an interspecific cross between cultivated field pea and its wild relative (Pisum fulvum, source of resistance for pea weevil) were subjected to natural infestation in field plots. Mature seeds were hand-harvested, stored to allow development of adult beetles, and then separated into infested and non-infested using a density separation method in 30% caesium chloride (CsCl). Susceptibility and resistance of the progenies were calculated based on this method and further confirmed by a glasshouse bioassay. Resistance in backcross populations improved considerably through selection of resistant lines using the density separation method. We found that the method using CsCl separation is a useful tool in breeding for pea weevil resistance. We were able to introgress pea weevil resistance from P. fulvum into cultivated field pea through backcrossing to produce several advanced pea weevil resistant lines following this procedure.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-01-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00425-015-2463-5
Abstract: Cotton S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase-, rather than spermine synthase-, mediated spermine biosynthesis is required for salicylic acid- and leucine-correlated signaling in the defense response to Verticillium dahliae. Spermine (Spm) signaling is correlated with plant resistance to the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae. We identified genes for key rate-limiting enzymes in the biosynthesis of Spm, namely S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (GhSAMDC) and Spm synthase (GhSPMS). These were found by screening suppression subtractive hybridization and cDNA libraries of cotton (Gossypium) species tolerant to Verticillium wilt. Both were induced early and strongly by inoculation with V. dahliae and application of plant hormones. Silencing of GhSPMS or GhSAMDC in cotton leaves led to a significant accumulation of upstream substrates and, ultimately, enhanced plant susceptibility to Verticillium infection. Exogenous supplementation of Spm to the silenced cotton plants improved resistance. When compared with the wild type (WT), constitutive expression of GhSAMDC in Arabidopsis thaliana was associated with greater Verticillium wilt resistance and higher accumulations of Spm, salicylic acid, and leucine during the infection period. By contrast, transgenic Arabidopsis plants that over-expressed GhSPMS were unexpectedly more susceptible than the WT to V. dahliae and they also had impaired levels of putrescine (Put) and salicylic acid (SA). The susceptibility exhibited in GhSPMS-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants was partially reversed by the exogenous supply of Put or SA. In addition, the responsiveness of those two transgenic Arabidopsis lines to V. dahliae was associated with an alteration in transcripts of genes involved in plant resistance to epidermal penetrations and amino acid signaling. Together, these results suggest that GhSAMDC-, rather than GhSPMS-, mediated spermine biosynthesis contributes to plant resistance against V. dahliae through SA- and leucine-correlated signaling.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 10-01-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-2015
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 25-05-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-12-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-009-1239-3
Abstract: Crown rot (CR), caused by various Fusarium species, is a chronic wheat disease in Australia. As part of our objective of improving the efficiency of breeding CR resistant wheat varieties, we have been searching for novel sources of resistance. This paper reports on the genetic control of one of these newly identified resistant genotypes, 'CSCR6'. A population derived from a cross between CSCR6 and an Australian variety 'Lang' was analyzed using two Fusarium isolates belonging to two different species, one Fusarium pseudograminearum and the other Fusarium graminearum. The two isolates detected QTL with the same chromosomal locations and comparable magnitudes, indicating that CR resistance is not species-specific. The resistant allele of one of the QTL was derived from 'CSCR6'. This QTL, designated as Qcrs.cpi-3B, was located on the long arm of chromosome 3B and explains up to 48.8% of the phenotypic variance based on interval mapping analysis. Another QTL, with resistant allele from the variety 'Lang', was located on chromosome 4B. This QTL explained up to 22.8% of the phenotypic variance. A strong interaction between Qcsr.cpi-3B and Qcsr.cpi-4B was detected, reducing the maximum effect of Qcrs.cpi-3B to 43.1%. The effects of Qcrs.cpi-3B were further validated in four additional populations and the presence of this single QTL reduced CR severity by up to 42.1%. The fact that significant effects of Qcrs.cpi-3B were detected across all trials with different genetic backgrounds and with the use of isolates belonging to two different Fusarium species make it an ideal target for breeding programs as well as for further characterization of the gene(s) involved in its resistance.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-1999
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2012.05.081
Abstract: Lupin is an emerging crop worldwide due to its wide range of health benefits. In this study, a comprehensive proteome analysis was conducted using mature seed of four narrow leafed lupin cultivars, Uniharvest, Yorrel, Tanjil and Coromup, through two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometric protein sequencing. Two-dimensional gels recognised about 400 protein spots among the cultivars in the 10-100kDa molecular weight and 5.0-8.5 PI ranges. The results revealed a considerable variation of protein expression patterns with a total of 24 proteins showed differential expression among the cultivars, among which 19 were identified as β-conglutin, and 8 were identified as allergenic proteins. Most of the α, δ and γ-conglutins were showing similar expression among the cultivars. Overall, the differentially expressed proteins especially the cultivar specific proteins would be valuable markers for cultivar identification and for screening parental lines of low allergenicity in breeding process.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-03-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-020-61680-1
Abstract: Water deficit limits plant growth and productivity in wheat. The effect of water deficit varies considerably in the contrasting genotypes. This study attempted comparative transcriptome profiling of the tolerant (Abura) and susceptible (AUS12671) genotypes under PEG-simulated water stress via genome-wide RNA-seq technology to understand the dynamics of tolerance mechanism. Morphological and physiological analyses indicated that the tolerant genotype Abura had a higher root growth and net photosynthesis, which accounted for its higher root biomass than AUS12671 under stress. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a total of 924 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were unique in the contrasting genotypes under stress across time points. The susceptible genotype AUS12671 had slightly more abundant DEGs (505) than the tolerant genotype Abura (419). Gene ontology enrichment and pathway analyses of these DEGs suggested that the two genotypes differed significantly in terms of adaptive mechanism. Predominant upregulation of genes involved in various metabolic pathways was the key adaptive feature of the susceptive genotype AUS12671 indicating its energy-consuming approach in adaptation to water deficit. In contrast, downregulation the expression of genes of key pathways, such as global and overview maps, carbohydrate metabolism, and genetic information processing was the main strategy for the tolerant genotype Abura. Besides, significantly higher number of genes encoding transcription factors (TF) families like MYB and NAC, which were reported to be associated with stress defense, were differentially expressed in the tolerant genotype Abura. Gene encoding transcription factors TIFY were only differentially expressed between stressed and non-stressed conditions in the sensitive genotype. The identified DEGs and the suggested differential adaptive strategies of the contrasting genotypes provided an insight for improving water deficit tolerance in wheat.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-03-2022
Abstract: Understanding of the genetic mechanism of heat tolerance (HT) can accelerate and improve wheat breeding in dealing with a warming climate. This study identified and validated quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for HT in common wheat. The International Triticeae Mapping Initiative (ITMI) population, recombinant inbreed lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Synthetic W7984 and Opata M85, was phenotyped for shoot length, root length, whole plant length under heat stress and corresponding damage indices (DIs) to compare HT performances of in iduals. Wide variations among the RILs were shown for all the traits. A total of 13 QTL including 9 major QTL and 4 minor QTL were identified, distributed on 6 wheat chromosomes. The six major QTL with the highest R2 were associated with different traits under heat stress. They were all from Opata M85 background and located within a 2.2 cm interval on chromosome 4D, making up a QTL hotspot conferring HT in common wheat. The QTL hotspot was validated by genotyping-phenotyping association analysis using single-nucleotide-polymorphism (SNP) assays. The QTL, especially the 4D QTL hotspot identified and validated in this study, are valuable for the further fine mapping and identification of key genes and exploring genetic mechanism of HT in wheat.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-10-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S10265-012-0530-6
Abstract: Narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a valuable legume crop for animal feed and human health food because of its high proteins content. However, the genetics of seed storage proteins is unclear, limiting further improvement of protein quantity and quality. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry was used for the first time to analyze lupin seed storage proteins and the spectra generated was treated as markers to investigate the chromosome locations controlling seed storage proteins in the narrow-leafed lupin. In a recombinant inbred line population of 89 in iduals, 48 polymorphic protein peaks were identified and seven of which were successfully mapped onto four existing linkage groups: two on NLL-04, three on NLL-05, one on NLL-07 and one on NLL-14, with LOD values ranging from 2.6 to 7.7 confirming a significant linkage. Most protein-based markers showed distorted segregation and were failed to be integrated into the reference map. Among them, 31 were grouped into six clusters and the other ten were totally unlinked. This study provides a significant clue to study the comparative genomics roteomics among legumes as well as for protein marker-assisted breeding. The distribution pattern of genes controlling seed storage protein revealed in this study probably exists universally among legumes or even all plants and animals. Whether genes controlling seed storage protein share the same gene expression pattern controlling other enzymes and what is the mechanism behind it are the questions which remain to be answered in the future.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-02-2013
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-05-2022
DOI: 10.3390/PROTEOMES10020017
Abstract: Wheat is an important staple cereal for global food security. However, climate change is h ering wheat production due to abiotic stresses, such as heat, salinity, and drought. Besides shoot architectural traits, improving root system architecture (RSA) traits have the potential to improve yields under normal and stressed environments. RSA growth and development and other stress responses involve the expression of proteins encoded by the trait controlling gene/genes. Hence, mining the key proteins associated with abiotic stress responses and RSA is important for improving sustainable yields in wheat. Proteomic studies in wheat started in the early 21st century using the two-dimensional (2-DE) gel technique and have extensively improved over time with advancements in mass spectrometry. The availability of the wheat reference genome has allowed the exploration of proteomics to identify differentially expressed or abundant proteins (DEPs or DAPs) for abiotic stress tolerance and RSA improvement. Proteomics contributed significantly to identifying key proteins imparting abiotic stress tolerance, primarily related to photosynthesis, protein synthesis, carbon metabolism, redox homeostasis, defense response, energy metabolism and signal transduction. However, the use of proteomics to improve RSA traits in wheat is in its infancy. Proteins related to cell wall biogenesis, carbohydrate metabolism, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, and transportation are involved in the growth and development of several RSA traits. This review covers advances in quantification techniques of proteomics, progress in identifying DEPs and/or DAPs for heat, salinity, and drought stresses, and RSA traits, and the limitations and future directions for harnessing proteomics in wheat improvement.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/AR05417
Abstract: Cauliflower production is hindered by variation in curd quality and maturity. Morphological variation from seed to harvest is due to genetic variation interacting with environmental conditions and here the genetic factors were investigated. The aim of this study was to search for DNA markers linked to seedling traits, facilitating early selection of seedlings in cauliflower production. Cauliflower seed lines were germinated in Petri dishes (20°C, 7 days) and seedlings were transferred to pots and grown under glasshouse conditions. Seed weight and various seedling characters were measured until harvest at 6 weeks. DNA was extracted using the CTAB method and RAPD markers were identified using 17 primers. Multivariate analysis based on principal coordinates analysis was used to correlate morphological traits with molecular markers across cultivars. Markers associated with seed weight, germination rate, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight were identified.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-10-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-08-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-01-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-09-2004
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-004-1800-Z
Abstract: The inheritance of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in Leucadendron species was studied by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. A total of 100 progeny from five interspecific crosses involving seven parental species were tested, and all progeny exhibited the cpDNA restriction fragment pattern of the female parent, indicating that cpDNA in Leucadendron is maternally inherited. PCR-RFLP was also employed to study cpDNA variation among 21 Leucadendron species. Parsimony analysis using a heuristic search resulted in a phylogenetic tree that showed limited agreement to the taxonomic classification of Leucadendron species, based on morphological characteristics. The incongruence between cpDNA phylogenetic and taxonomic groupings in Leucadendron may be due to reticulate evolution involving a combination of hybridization and introgression, convergent evolution and/or lineage sorting at the interspecific, intersubsectional and intersectional levels.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2015
DOI: 10.1366/14-07672
Abstract: Despite the importance of data reduction as part of the processing of reflection-based classifications, this study represents one of the first in which the effects of both spatial and spectral data reductions on classification accuracies are quantified. Furthermore, the effects of approaches to data reduction were quantified for two separate classification methods, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM). As the model dataset, reflection data were acquired using a hyperspectral camera in 230 spectral channels from 401 to 879 nm (spectral resolution of 2.1 nm) from field pea ( Pisum sativum) s les with and without internal pea weevil ( Bruchus pisorum) infestation. We deployed five levels of spatial data reduction (binning) and eight levels of spectral data reduction (40 datasets). Forward stepwise LDA was used to select and include only spectral channels contributing the most to the separation of pixels from non-infested and infested field peas. Classification accuracies obtained with LDA and SVM were based on the classification of independent validation datasets. Overall, SVMs had significantly higher classification accuracies than LDAs ( P 0.01). There was a negative association between pixel resolution and classification accuracy, while spectral binning equivalent to up to 98% data reduction had negligible effect on classification accuracies. This study supports the potential use of reflection-based technologies in the quality control of food products with internal defects, and it highlights that spatial and spectral data reductions can (1) improve classification accuracies, (2) vastly decrease computer constraints, and (3) reduce analytical concerns associated with classifications of large and high-dimensional datasets.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-03-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-015-2499-8
Abstract: Plenty of molecular markers have been developed by contemporary sequencing technologies, whereas few of them are successfully applied in breeding, thus we present a review on how sequencing can facilitate marker-assisted selection in plant breeding. The growing global population and shrinking arable land area require efficient plant breeding. Novel strategies assisted by certain markers have proven effective for genetic gains. Fortunately, cutting-edge sequencing technologies bring us a deluge of genomes and genetic variations, enlightening the potential of marker development. However, a large gap still exists between the potential of molecular markers and actual plant breeding practices. In this review, we discuss marker-assisted breeding from a historical perspective, describe the road from crop sequencing to breeding, and highlight how sequencing facilitates the application of markers in breeding practice.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 24-03-2005
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCI127
Publisher: Genetics and Molecular Research
Date: 2013
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/BT03006
Abstract: A study of chloroplast DNA variation and inheritance in waxflowers (Myrtaceae) was undertaken as a basis for validating parentage in putative, juvenile hybrid plants and in naturally occurring hybrids. Polymerase chain reaction lification of three chloroplast DNA regions, followed by restriction of the lified products, was used to identify restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in 18 Chamelaucium uncinatum and C.�megalopetalum genotypes. Five cpDNA haplotypes were observed within the two species studied. In C.�uncinatum, three site mutations and one length mutation were observed, corresponding to three cpDNA haplotypes and in C. megalopetalum, two cpDNA haplotypes were observed.Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) inheritance was studied in 17 intraspecific and 33 interspecific hybrids by using the cpDNA polymorphisms between the female and the male parents. Maternal cpDNA inheritance was observed in all cases, as in most angiosperms. These results support a 95.5% probability of maternal cpDNA inheritance in waxflowers at the 90% confidence level.The method has been used to identify maternal parents of naturally occurring hybrids in our waxflower breeding program. It may also be applied to the study of the evolution of natural populations and, in this study, indicates distinct lines of evolution for in idual populations of the two species.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-08-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-08393-0
Abstract: Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase gene1 ( P5CS1 ) is the key gene involved in the biosynthesis of proline and is significantly induced by drought stress. The exploration of genetic variation in HvP5CS1 may facilitate a better understanding of the mechanism of drought adaptation in barley. In the current study, 41 polymorphisms including 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 25 insertions/deletions (indels) were detected in HvP5CS1 among 287 barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) accessions collected worldwide, with 13 distinct haplotypes identified in the barley collection. Five polymorphisms in HvP5CS1 were significantly ( P 0.001) associated with drought tolerance related traits in barley. The phenotypic variation of a given trait explained by each associated polymorphism ranged from 4.43% to 9.81%. Two sequence variations that were significantly ( P 0.0001) associated with grain yield had marginally significant positive Tajima’s D values in the sliding window, so they might have been selected for environmental adaptation. Meanwhile, two haplotypes HvP5CS1_ H1 and HvP5CS1_ H4, which contained desired alleles of the two variations mentioned above, were significantly ( P 0.001) associated with drought tolerance related traits, and explained 5.00~11.89% of the phenotypic variations. These variations associated with drought tolerance related traits can be used as potential markers for improving drought tolerance in barley.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.1071/BT98017
Abstract: Interspecific hybridisation within the genus Boronia was attempted by using species with a range of chromosome numbers. Crosses were possible between Western Australian species including those with B. heterophylla as the female parent and pollen from B. molloyae (n = 8), B. megastigma (n = 7), B. purdienana (n = 9) and B. ramosa (n = 18). Cytological studies revealed that B. heterophylla genotypes had different chromosome numbers ‘Red’ had 2n = 15, whereas ‘Moonglow’ and ‘Cameo’ had 2n = 14. The F 1 hybrid from B. heterophylla ‘Red’ × B. megastigma had 2n = 15. Pollen viability, examined by using fluorescein diacetate, varied from 20% in B. crenulata to 80% in B. purdieana. Pollen of most species could be stored for 12 months in sealed containers at −20°C. Drying with silica gel desiccant did not improve storage, nor did ultra-low temperature (−196°C). Stored pollen was successfully used for interspecific hybridisation.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1071/CP14269
Abstract: In this study, 137 canola (Brassica napus L.) accessions were evaluated for germination speed, which is a critical character in the plant life cycle. The accessions were grouped into three categories, fast (F), medium, and slow (S), with nine category F (7%) and 12 category S (9%) germination accessions identified and validated in repeated Petri dish and pot experiments. Although accessions in category F showed significantly faster germination and emergence than those in category S, seedling growth parameters did not differ greatly. Based on germination speed and seedling characteristics, four accessions with high early vigour and four with low early vigour were identified. Seed germination speed was not affected by seed weight and was not simply controlled by gibberellic acid and abscisic acid, but 10% smoke water significantly delayed seed germination. The identified accessions with contrasting early vigour can be used to study the genetic and molecular mechanism of seed germination and seedling development and to breed superior canola cultivars.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-09-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-11-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-03-2006
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/CP17017
Abstract: Herbicide-tolerant wheats are preferred for effective weed management. Rapid phenotyping and effective differential dose are vital for the identification of tolerant genotypes among large quantities of genetic resources. A sand-tray system has been developed to enable rapid assessment of metribuzin damage in wheat seedlings. In total, 946 wheat genotypes were evaluated for metribuzin tolerance by using this system under control and metribuzin-treated conditions. SPAD chlorophyll content index (CCI) offered a non-destructive and rapid analysis of leaf chlorophyll content in wheat seedlings. The application rate for 50% reduction in SPAD CCI (I50) was 3.2-fold higher in the current tolerant genotype (Eagle Rock) than the susceptible genotype Spear. A confirmed dose of 800 g a.i. ha–1 could differentiate between metribuzin-tolerant and -susceptible lines. The experimental design with two-directional blocking followed by statistical analysis to model the spatial variation was instrumental in selecting potential tolerant or susceptible genotypes. Metribuzin reduced chlorophyll by 51.4% in treated seedlings. The overall adjusted mean SPAD CCI ranged from 13.5 to 42.7 for control (untreated) plants and from 0.1 to 29.9 for treated plants. Through repeated validation, nine genotypes had higher chlorophyll content after metribuzin treatment and significantly (P 0.05) outperformed the tolerant Eagle Rock, whereas 18 genotypes had significantly (P 0.05) higher chlorophyll reduction than the susceptible Spear. The top five tolerant and susceptible genotypes were selected for a genetic study of metribuzin tolerance. Domesticated forms of tetraploid and hexaploid wheats had higher tolerance to metribuzin, which suggests that the level of domestication and higher ploidy level contributes to metribuzin tolerance. The new sources of tolerance will accelerate breeding for metribuzin tolerance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-07-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-08-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-08-2007
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/BT05050
Abstract: Rutaceae have attracted considerable attention because of the wide chromosome-number variation. Cytoevolution of the genus Boronia, with n = 7–36, has been controversial. The critical issue is whether the base chromosome number is x = 18 or x = 9 in this genus and in the family Rutaceae. Phylogenetic analysis based on random lified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers was used to evaluate the hypothesis. Twenty decamer arbitrary primers were used to produce RAPD markers in 25 accessions of 18 Boronia species and a total of 559 DNA fragments was generated. UPGMA distance analysis and Wagner parsimony analysis on the DNA data produced two phylogenetic trees with very similar topology. The two trees generally supported the present classification of Boronia species. The exception was B. tenuis, which may be better treated as a new section or genus. Chromosome numbers of all the genotypes used in the analysis were counted with n = 7, 8, 9, 11, 16–36. Evolutionary distances between species were determined on the basis of branch length of the Wagner cladogram. Regression analysis indicated that Boronia chromosome number has a significant negative relationship with evolutionary distance. Chromosome number in Boronia evolved from higher to lower. The basic chromosome number for Boronia is suggested to be 18.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-02-2011
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/BT08043
Abstract: Salsola tragus sensu lato (Chenopodiaceae) is found throughout Western Australia and is considered to be a weed in both natural and agricultural ecosystems, although the current taxonomic status of this species is not clear. The taxonomic literature reports morphological variation within Australian populations of the weed, indicating that there may be genetically distinct ecotypes or unidentified subspecies present within the species. A genetic and cytological approach was used to detect variation between 22 populations of S. tragus sensu lato in the south-west of Western Australia. Out-groups used in this study included a population of S. tragus L. from the USA and Maireana brevifolia (R.Br.) Paul G.Wilson (Chenopodiaceae) from Lake Grace. Four genetically distinct groups were identified, which were not closely related to the S. tragus out-group (~60% similarity). Further, these groups and a S. australis R.Br. s le from the USA were all diploid (2n = 18), unlike the tetraploid (2n = 36) S. tragus. The predominant wheatbelt weed, group A, which was previously classified as S. tragus ssp. tragus L., was identified as S. australis. This species is probably native to Australia, given its arrival predated European invasion. Further research is required to clarify the taxonomic status of the other three possible taxa and determine their status in relation to S. australis.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/CP09276
Abstract: Interspecific hybridisation was carried out between five cultivars of Brassica napus and five accessions of B. nigra in all possible cross combinations including reciprocals. Crossing success was higher when B. napus genotypes were used as female parents. Pollination of 799 B. napus flowers with B. nigra pollen resulted in 433 pods set and 2063 putative hybrid seeds. In the reciprocal direction, pollination of 877 B. nigra flowers with B. napus pollen resulted in 281 pods set and 113 putative hybrid seeds. Pod and seed set varied with genotype and only 19 out of 25 combinations of B. napus × B. nigra and 14 out of 25 combinations of B. nigra × B. napus yielded seeds. Hybridity of 2176 putative hybrid seeds (2063 from B. napus × B. nigra and 113 from B. nigra × B. napus) was tested. Microsatellite markers with known locations for the A, B and C genomes indicated that six plants were true hybrids and one more plant remained unconfirmed for hybrid status. All other plants from putative hybrid seeds had the same DNA banding patterns and similar morphological characters as the female parent. However, the true hybrids had DNA bands from both parents and an intermediate morphology for colour and hairiness of leaf, stem and petiole. Anthers were shrunken and thin with a very limited number of sterile pollen grains. Cytological examination confirmed the triploid status of the hybrid with 27 chromosomes. The unconfirmed hybrid had 9% pollen viability and chromosome count was 27 as with the true hybrid however, there was no clear B-genome marker from B. nigra.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-08-2012
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/AR07401
Abstract: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the major grain legume crops in the world. In this study, the genetic ersity of 24 Australian chickpea cultivars released between 1987 and 2005 was investigated with microsatellite-anchored fragment length polymorphism (MFLP) DNA markers. Among the cultivars examined, 30 cultivar-specific markers were identified and all were unequivocally identified using the DNA fingerprints developed in this study. Most of the cultivars were grouped into two major clusters cv. Flipper was separated from the rest based on total character differences of DNA polymorphism. The MFLP approach proved suitable in the analysis of genetic ersity among the chickpea cultivars studied and the genetic relationship identified will be useful for chickpea breeding programs in selecting parent materials.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AR05188
Abstract: Narrow-leafed lupin is a major winter grain legume crop in the Australian farming system and a number of commercial cultivars are currently available to growers. A significant level of polymorphism was detected in narrow-leafed lupin cultivars by the randomly lified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMP) approach, suggesting that cultivars harbour considerable DNA variation. Seventy-seven cultivar-specific markers were found among the 23 lupin cultivars examined and a dichotomous fingerprinting key was developed for the molecular identification of lupin cultivars. Cluster analysis of pairwise distance matrix computed from RAMP profiles grouped the 23 cultivars into 4–5 clusters, which generally agreed with their pedigree relationships.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-02-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-03-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-09-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S00425-020-03466-3
Abstract: Meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis was done for yield-related traits in wheat. Candidate genes were identified within the refined MQTL and further validated by genotype-phenotype association analysis. Extensive studies have been undertaken on quantitative trait locus/loci (QTL) for wheat yield and its component traits. This study conducted a meta-analysis of 381 QTL related to wheat yield under various environments, including irrigated, drought- and/or heat-stressed conditions. Markers flanking meta-QTL (MQTL) were mapped on the wheat reference genome for their physical positions. Putative candidate genes were examined for MQTL with a physical interval of less than 20 Mbp. A total of 86 MQTL were identified as responsible for yield, of which 34 were for irrigated environments, 39 for drought-stressed environments, 36 for heat-stressed environments, and 23 for both drought- and heat-stressed environments. The high-confidence genes within the physical positions of the MQTL flanking markers were screened in the reference genome RefSeq V1.0, which identified 210 putative candidate genes. The phenotypic data for 14 contrasting genotypes with either high or low yield performance-according to the Australian National Variety Trials-were associated with their genotypic data obtained through ddRAD sequencing, which validated 18 genes or gene clusters associated with MQTL that had important roles for wheat yield. The detected and refined MQTL and candidate genes will be useful for marker-assisted selection of high yield in wheat breeding.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.YGENO.2021.02.004
Abstract: Weeds are the biggest threat to cropping system sustainability in wheat. Metribuzin is a versatile herbicide for broad-spectrum weed management. Understanding key genes, mechanisms and functional markers are essential to develop higher metribuzin tolerant wheats. We identified Chuan Mai 25 (tolerant) and Ritchie (susceptible) as contrasting genotypes to metribuzin stress through dose-response analyses. Transcriptome sequencing using NovaSeq 6000 RNA-Seq platform identified a total of 77,443 genes 59,915 known genes and 17,528 novel genes. The functional enrichment analysis at 0 h, 24 h and 60 h herbicide exposure revealed that endogenous increase of metabolic enzymes, light-harvesting chlorophyll proteins, PSII stability factor HCF136 and glucose metabolism conferred metribuzin tolerance. The validation of DEGs using RT-qPCR and QTL mapping confirmed their responsiveness to metribuzin. Transcription factors MYB, AP2-EREBP, ABI3VP1, bHLH, NAC are significantly expressed during metribuzin stress. Transcripts with significant enrichments revealed 114 SSRs for genomic selection. The master regulators provide promising avenues for enhancing metribuzin tolerance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-08-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-014-3451-1
Abstract: Mining activities result in extensive soil degradation by removing the top soil, disturbing soil structure and altering microbial communities. Rehabilitation of spent mine sites through revegetation thus requires proper soil amendments. In this study, a pot trial was conducted to investigate the effects of a jarrah biochar on the growth and nutrient status of a native legume, Acacia tetragonophylla, grown in a mixture of topsoil and mine rejects. Two biochar application rates (37 and 74 t ha(-1)) and two types of biochar, namely nutrient-enriched and non-enriched, were tested. We measured the soil pH and electrical conductivity, the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents and C and N isotope composition (δ(13)C and δ(15)N) of soil and plants, the foliar phosphorus content and the growth and leaf biomass of the plants. Whilst no significant effect of biochar was observed on plant growth, biochar amendment affected soil properties and plant nutritional status. The highest rate of biochar application increased soil pH, C content and C/N ratio, and decreased soil δ(13)C. Biochar application also enhanced photosynthetic N use efficiency, as showed by the increase in foliar C/N ratio, and biological N fixation rates, as indicated by foliar δ(15)N. These positive effects were not observed when biochar was nutrient-enriched due to the associated increase in soil N. Revegetation of mine sites with acacia in combination with biochar amendment constitutes a plausible alternative to the wide use of N fertiliser through the supply of additional N to the system, even though other nutrients may be required in order to enhance plant early growth.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-11-2005
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-004-1849-8
Abstract: Cicer reticulatum, C. echinospermum, C. bijugum, C. judaicum, C. pinnatifidum, C. cuneatum and C. yamashitae are wild annual Cicer species and potential donors of valuable traits to improve chickpea (C. arietinum). As part of a large project to characterize and evaluate wild annual Cicer collections held in the world gene banks, AFLP markers were used to study genetic variation in these species. The main aim of this study was to characterize geographical patterns of genetic variation in wild annual Cicer germplasm. Phylogenetic analysis of 146 wild annual Cicer accessions (including two accessions in the perennial C. anatolicum and six cultivars of chickpea) revealed four distinct groups corresponding well to primary, secondary and tertiary gene pools of chickpea. Some possible misidentified or mislabelled accessions were identified, and ILWC 242 is proposed as a hybrid between C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum. The extent of genetic ersity varied considerably and was unbalanced between species with greatest genetic ersity found in C. judaicum. For the first time geographic patterns of genetic variation in C. reticulatum, C. echinospermum, C. bijugum, C. judaicum and C. pinnatifidum were established using AFLP markers. Based on the current collections the maximum genetic ersity of C. reticulatum, C. echinospermum, C. bijugum and C. pinnatifidum was found in southeastern Turkey, while Palestine was the centre of maximum genetic variation for C. judaicum. This information provides a solid basis for the design of future collections and in situ conservation programs for wild annual Cicer.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-07-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-11-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-010-1468-5
Abstract: We investigated the influence of genotype on homoeologous and homologous recombination frequency in eight different Brassica napus (AAC(n)C(n)) × B. carinata (BBC(c)C(c)) interspecific hybrids (genome composition C(n)C(c)AB). Meiotic recombination events were assessed through microsatellite marker analysis of 67 unreduced microspore-derived progeny. Thirty-four microsatellite markers lified 83 A-, B-, C(n)- and C(c)-genome alleles at 64 loci, of which a subset of seven markers lifying 26 alleles could be used to determine allele copy number. Hybrid genotypes varied significantly in loss of A- and B-genome alleles (P < 0.0001), which ranged from 6 to 22% between hybrid progeny sets. Allele copy number analysis revealed 19 A-C, 3 A-B and 10 B-C duplication/deletion events attributed to homoeologous recombination. Additionally, 55 deletions and 19 duplications without an accompanying dosage change in homoeologous alleles were detected. Hybrid progeny sets varied in observed frequencies of loss, gain and exchange of alleles across the A and B genomes as well as in the diploid C genome. Self-fertility in hybrid progeny decreased as the loss of B-genome loci (but not A-genome loci) increased. Hybrid genotypes with high levels of homologous and homoeologous exchange may be exploited for genetic introgressions between B. carinata and B. napus (canola), and those with low levels may be used to develop stable synthetic Brassica allopolyploids.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2007
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-10-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 08-03-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-10-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 06-2003
DOI: 10.1139/G03-009
Abstract: The physical location of the 25S26S rDNA sequences was examined in 11 taxa of nine species of Boronia. In diploid species, two rDNA sites were detected in Boronia clavata (2n = 14), Boronia pinnata 'White' (2n = 22), and Boronia chartacea (2n = 32) four in Boronia megastigma (2n = 14) and Boronia denticulata (2n = 18) six in Boronia pinnata 'Pink' (2n = 22) and eight in Boronia molloyae (2n = 16). Eleven sites were found in Boronia heterophylla 'Red' and 'Near White' (2n = 15), but only two active nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were observed. In polyploid species, Boronia pilosa (2n = 44) had four rDNA sites, while Boronia coerulescens (2n = 72) had six. Most of the rDNA sequences were terminal, but a few were interstitial. There were also differences in signal intensity indicating that the gene copies between and within rDNA sites might be different. The result suggests that considerable chromosome rearrangements have occurred during Boronia cyto-evolution, leading to variation among Boronia taxa in rDNA copy number, site number, and location. These changes together with dysploid reduction during cyto-evolution have made the Boronia genome considerably erse in chromosome number, genome organization, and chromosome structure.Key words: physical mapping, FISH, chromosome, Rutaceae.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-09-2021
Abstract: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is constantly affected by weeds in the farming system. Chemical-based weed management is widely practiced broad-spectrum herbicides such as metribuzin have been successfully used to control weeds in Australia and elsewhere of the world. Breeding metribuzin-resistant wheat through genetic improvement is needed for effective control of weeds. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping efforts identified a major QTL on wheat chromosome 4A, explaining up to 20% of the phenotypic variance for metribuzin resistance. The quantitative nature of inheritance of this QTL signifies the importance of near-isogenic lines (NILs), which can convert a quantitative trait into a Mendelian factor for better resolution of the QTL. In the current study, NILs were developed using a heterogeneous inbred family method combined with a fast generation-cycling system in a population of Chuan Mai 25 (resistant) and Ritchie (susceptible). Seven pairs of NILs targeting the 4A QTL for metribuzin resistance were confirmed with a molecular marker and phenotyping. The resistant allele from the resistant parent increased metribuzin resistance by 63–85% (average 69%) compared with the susceptible allele from the susceptible parent. Segregation analysis in the NIL pairs for thousand grain weight (TGW) (g), biomass per plant (kg), tillers per plant, plant height (cm), yield per plant, and powdery mildew visual score (0–9) indicated that these traits were linked with metribuzin resistance. Similarly, TGW was observed to co-segregate with metribuzin resistance in most confirmed NILs, signifying that the two traits are controlled by closely linked genes. The most contrasting NILs can be further characterised by transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to identify the candidate genes responsible for metribuzin resistance.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 29-03-2022
Abstract: The workflow of this study. (1) Near isogenic lines for qDSI.4B.1 QTL responsible for drought tolerance were grown in control and drought stress conditions, (2) grain s les were collected at 7 and 14 days after stress initiation at anthesis, (3) RNA was extracted, (4) sequenced and (5) data were analysed and organized with focus on 4BS, (6) six candidate genes were found for drought tolerance in qDSI.4B.1 interval and sequencing results were confirmed by qRT-PCR, (7) the protein products and (8) molecular function of the candidate genes were future studied.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/EA03046
Abstract: Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is an important vegetable crop in Asia. Lack of uniformity in the crop at harvest is due to genetic variability and environmental conditions. Molecular markers associated with morphological traits of seed and seedlings were identified. Seed (100) of radish cvv. Fire Ball and Long White Chinese from Australia and Mino Early, Pyuthane Red, Tokinasi, White Neck and 40 Days from Nepal. The seed was germinated between paper (20°C, 6 days) and seedlings were grown in pots under glasshouse conditions (20°C, further 3 weeks). Morphological characters were measured in seed and seedlings at 6 days and 4 weeks after germination. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from selected s les and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were identified using 10 primers. Multivariate analysis based on principle coordinates analysis was used to correlate morphological traits with molecular markers within and across cultivars. Several markers associated with high or low seed weight, germination proportion, seedling length and fresh weight were identified. This new method for identifying potential RAPD markers may be useful for marker assisted breeding and selection of improved radish varieties.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-04-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-11-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-10-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S12870-019-2070-X
Abstract: Herbicide tolerance is an important trait that allows effective weed management in wheat crops in dryland farming. Genetic knowledge of metribuzin tolerance in wheat is needed to develop new cultivars for the industry. Here, we investigated gene effects for metribuzin tolerance in nine crosses of wheat by partitioning the means and variances of six basic generations from each cross into their genetic components to assess the gene action governing the inheritance of this trait. Metribuzin tolerance was measured by a visual senescence score 21 days after treatment. The wheat 90 K iSelect SNP genotyping assay was used to identify the distribution of alleles at SNP sites in tolerant and susceptible groups. The scaling and joint-scaling tests indicated that the inheritance of metribuzin tolerance in wheat was adequately described by the additive-dominance model, with additive gene action the most significant factor for tolerance. The potence ratio for all the crosses ranged between − 1 and + 1 for senescence under metribuzin-treated conditions indicating a semi-dominant gene action in the inheritance of metribuzin tolerance in wheat. The number of segregating genes governing metribuzin tolerance was estimated between 3 and 15. The consistent high heritability range (0.82 to 0.92) in F 5–7 generations of Chuan Mai 25 (tolerant) × Ritchie (susceptible) cross indicated a significant contribution of additive genetic effects to metribuzin tolerance in wheat. Several genes related to photosynthesis (e.g. photosynthesis system II assembly factor YCF48), metabolic detoxification of xenobiotics and cell growth and development (cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, glycosyltransferase, ATP-binding cassette transporters and glutathione peroxidase) were identified on different chromosomes (2A, 2D, 3B, 4A, 4B, 7A, 7B, 7D) governing metribuzin tolerance. The simple additive–dominance gene effects for metribuzin tolerance will help breeders to select tolerant lines in early generations and the identified genes may guide the development of functional markers for metribuzin tolerance.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1071/BT15085
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of the seed coat on seed dormancy in Grevillea (Proteaceae) species, and to further investigate the existence of germination inhibitors in Grevillea seed coat extracts. Seed dormancy of 18 Grevillea accessions involving 17 species was investigated: results indicated that removal of seed coat increased seed germination from 0–6% (intact seeds) to 83–100% for the Grevillea accessions and removal of half seed coat resulted in no increase in seed germination. Grevillea seed coat extracts reduced germination of barley, canola, lupin and ryegrass seeds by 48, 57, 10 and 38% respectively. The extracts also reduced seedling growth of the above four species. Ryegrass seeds showed no germination on the 3rd day after imbibition in the presence of Grevillea seed coat extracts compared with 88% germination for the control. Thus, our results showed that seed coat is a major factor determining Grevillea seed dormancy and removal of seed coat dramatically increased seed germination. Grevillea seed coat extracts reduced seed germination and seedling growth of other species. We conclude that there is exogenous seed dormancy in Grevillea species and the chemical(s) in the seed coat is a major factor inhibiting seed germination.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-02-2020
Abstract: Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the morphological, physiological, and metabolic processes of plants, and hence their growth and production on a global scale. Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most popular pasture species in semi-arid regions and plays a critical role in sustaining agricultural systems in many areas of the world. In order to evaluate the effect of water deficits on the growth and biomass distribution in different tissues of lucerne, plant height, leaf dry weight, leaf number and area, root dry weight, taproot length and lateral root number, and stem dry weight were measured at four stages from the seedling to flowering stages under three water regimes: (i) adequate water supply (minimum soil water content 85% pot capacity (PC)), (ii) moderate water stress (65% PC), and (iii) severe water stress (45% PC), imposed under a rainout shelter. With limited water supply, plant height, leaf number, leaf area and dry weight, taproot length, and total biomass were reduced, while lateral root numbers increased. The number of smaller leaves and root dry weight increased under moderate water stress, whereas severe water stress reduced them. Leaf, stem, and total dry weight were all reduced by the water deficits, but leaf dry weight was reduced the most and root dry weight the least, so there was a redistribution of biomass towards the roots, increasing the root–shoot ratio. These results help us to understand the response of lucerce to water stress and assist in developing a foundation for the sustainable use of lucerne in semi-arid agricultural systems.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2002
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 29-11-2018
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 20-03-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FPLS.2023.1092992
Abstract: Identifying genomic regions for root traits in bread wheat can help breeders develop climate-resilient and high-yielding wheat varieties with desirable root traits. This study used the recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of Synthetic W7984 × Opata M85 to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for different root traits such as rooting depth (RD), root dry mass (RM), total root length (RL), root diameter (Rdia) and root surface areas (RSA1 for coarse roots and RSA2 for fine roots) under controlled conditions in a semi-hydroponic system. We detected 14 QTL for eight root traits on nine wheat chromosomes we discovered three QTL each for RD and RSA1, two QTL each for RM and RSA2, and one QTL each for RL, Rdia, specific root length and nodal root number per plant. The detected QTL were concentrated on chromosome groups 5, 6 and 7. The QTL for shallow RD ( Q.rd.uwa.7BL : Xbarc50 ) and high RM ( Q.rm.uwa.6AS : Xgwm334 ) were validated in two independent F 2 populations of Synthetic W7984 × Chara and Opata M85 × Cascade, respectively. Genotypes containing negative alleles for Q.rd.uwa.7BL had 52% shallower RD than other Synthetic W7984 × Chara population lines. Genotypes with the positive alleles for Q.rm.uwa.6AS had 31.58% higher RM than other Opata M85 × Cascade population lines. Further, we identified 21 putative candidate genes for RD ( Q.rd.uwa.7BL ) and 13 for RM ( Q.rm.uwa.6AS ) TraesCS6A01G020400 , TraesCS6A01G024400 and TraesCS6A01G021000 identified from Q.rm.uwa.6AS , and TraesCS7B01G404000 , TraesCS7B01G254900 and TraesCS7B01G446200 identified from Q.rd.uwa.7BL encoded important proteins for root traits. We found germin-like protein encoding genes in both Q.rd.uwa.7BL and Q.rm.uwa.6AS regions. These genes may play an important role in RM and RD improvement. The identified QTL, especially the validated QTL and putative candidate genes are valuable genetic resources for future root trait improvement in wheat.
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 02-2011
Abstract: Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) Stirt. is a perennial legume known as Arabian pea that is used as a forage in arid areas and for stabilization of degraded soils. It is widely distributed in the Mediterranean Basin with wider adaptation across the Canary Islands (4). In July 2010, during a survey for phytoplasma, some Canary Island B. bituminosa plants with typical phytoplasma symptoms, including stunted growth with small leaves, shortened internodes, and bushy growth, were found in seed multiplication nurseries at Medina, Perth, Western Australia (115°48.5′E 32°13.2′S). Two s les from plants with clear disease symptoms and two visibly healthy plants were collected and total DNA was extracted with the Illustra DNA extraction kit Phytopure (GE Healthcare) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Direct and nested PCR were used to test the presence of phytoplasma 16S rDNA in s les with universal primers P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2, respectively (1,3). The PCR lifications from all diseased s les yielded an expected product of 1.8 kb by direct and 1.2 kb by nested PCR, but not from the healthy plant s les. The direct PCR product was used as a template DNA in sequencing and the DNA sequence was deposited in the NCBI GenBank (Accession No. HQ404357). Sequence homology analysis indicated there was a perfect match between the two isolates. BLAST search of the NCBI GenBank revealed that B. bituminosa phytoplasma shares % sequence identity with Crotalaria witches'-broom phytoplasma (Accession No. EU650181.1), pear decline phytoplasma (Accession No. EF656453.1), and Scaevola witches'-broom phytoplasma (Accession No. AB257291.1). On the basis of BLAST analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences, B. bituminosa phytoplasma in Western Australia appears to belong to the peanut witches'-broom group (16SrII-D) of phytoplasma. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was also performed on nested PCR products of two s les of B. bituminosa phytoplasma by separate digestion with HaeIII, Hind6I, HpaII, MboI, RsaI, Tru9I, and T-HB8I restriction enzymes. S les yielded patterns similar to alfalfa witches'-broom phytoplasma (Accession No. AF438413) belonging to subgroup 16SrII-D (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a phytoplasma of the 16SrII-D group infecting B. bituminosa in Australia and should be referred to as “Bituminaria witches'-broom phytoplasma” (BiWB). This report also indicates that the occurrence of the phytoplasma in B. bituminosa may be widespread in the Canary Islands and other species of Bituminaria might be susceptible to infection by Bituminaria witches'-broom phytoplasma. References: (1) D. E. Gundersen and I.-M. Lee. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144, 1996. (2) A. J. Khan et al. Phytopathology 92:1038, 2002. (3) I.-M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54:337, 2004. (4) P. Mendez et al. Grassland Sci. Eur. 11:300, 2006.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 28-08-2020
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/CP17112
Abstract: Post-anthesis water stress is a major limitation to wheat grain yield globally. Understanding the nature of gene action of yield related traits under post-anthesis water stress will help to breed stress-resilient genotypes. Four bread wheat genotypes having varying degree of drought tolerance were crossed in a full-diallel fashion and the resultant crosses along with the parental genotypes, were subjected to water stress after the onset of anthesis in order to investigate their comparative performance and nature of gene action. Parental genotypes Babax (B) and Westonia (W) performed better compared with C306 (C) and Dharwar Dry (D) with respect to relative reduction in grain yield and related traits under stressed condition. Direct cross B × D and reciprocal cross W × C were more tolerant to water stress, while cross between C306 and Dharwar Dry, either direct or reciprocal, produced more sensitive genotypes. Combining ability analysis revealed that both additive and non-additive gene action were involved in governing the inheritance of the studied traits, with predominance of non-additive gene action for most of the traits. Among the parents, Babax and Westonia were better combiners for grain yield under stress condition. B × D in stressed condition, and C × W in both stressed and stress-free conditions, were the most suitable specific crosses. Moreover, specificity of parental genotypes as female parents in cross combination was also evident from the significant reciprocal combining ability effects of certain traits. Low to medium narrow sense heritability and high broad sense heritability were observed for most of the studied traits in both well watered and water stress conditions. The results of the study suggested that specific cross combinations with high specific combining ability involving better performing parents with high general combining ability may generate hybrids as well as segregating populations suitable for further breeding programs.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-01-2020
DOI: 10.1111/PBI.13318
Publisher: Firenze University Press
Date: 2003
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 24-05-2011
DOI: 10.1021/JF201293P
Abstract: Bread made from a mixture of wheat and lupin flour possesses a number of health benefits. The addition of lupin flour to wheat flour during breadmaking has major effects on bread properties. The present study investigated the lupin and wheat flour protein interactions during the breadmaking process including dough formation and baking by using proteomics research technologies including MS/MS to identify the proteins. Results revealed that qualitatively most proteins from both lupin and wheat flour remained unchanged after baking as per electrophoretic behavior, whereas some were incorporated into the bread gluten matrix and became unextractable. Most of the lupin α-conglutins could be readily extracted from the lupin-wheat bread even at low salt and nonreducing/nondenaturing extraction conditions. In contrast, most of the β-conglutins lost extractability, suggesting that they were trapped in the bread gluten matrix. The higher thermal stability of α-conglutins compared to β-conglutins is speculated to account for this difference.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-11-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-05-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S12870-023-04166-2
Abstract: Weeds reduce wheat yields in dryland farming systems. Herbicides such as metribuzin are commonly used to control weeds. However, wheat has a narrow safety margin against metribuzin. Standing crops such as wheat with weeds in the same field can also be killed by the same dose of metribuzin. Therefore, it is important to identify metribuzin resistance genes and understand the resistance mechanism in wheat for sustainable crop production. A previous study identified a significant metribuzin resistance wheat QTL, Qsns.uwa.4 A.2 , explaining 69% of the phenotypic variance for metribuzin resistance. Two NIL pairs with the most contrasting performance in the metribuzin treatment and different in genetic backgrounds were compared using RNA sequence analysis, identifying nine candidate genes underlying Qsns.uwa.4 A.2 responsible for metribuzin resistance. Quantitative RT-qPCR further validated the candidate genes, with TraesCS4A03G1099000 (nitrate excretion transporter), TraesCS4A03G1181300 (aspartyl protease), and TraesCS4A03G0741300 (glycine-rich proteins) identified as key factors for metribuzin resistance. Identified markers and key candidate genes can be used for selecting metribuzin resistance in wheat.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-09-2016
DOI: 10.1111/PBR.12408
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-11-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-013-2234-2
Abstract: Pea weevil, Bruchus pisorum, is one of the limiting factors for field pea (Pisum sativum) cultivation in the world with pesticide application the only available method for its control. Resistance to pea weevil has been found in an accession of Pisum fulvum but transfer of this resistance to cultivated pea (P. sativum) is limited due to a lack of easy-to-use techniques for screening interspecific breeding populations. To address this problem, an interspecific population was created from a cross between cultivated field pea and P. fulvum (resistance source). Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was performed to discover the regions associated with resistance to cotyledon, pod wall/seed coat and pod wall resistance. Three major QTLs, located on linkage groups LG2, LG4 and LG5 were found for cotyledon resistance explaining approximately 80 % of the phenotypic variation. Two major QTLs were found for pod wall/seed coat resistance on LG2 and LG5 explaining approximately 70 % of the phenotypic variation. Co-linearity of QTLs for cotyledon and pod wall/seed coat resistance suggested that the mechanism of resistance for these two traits might act through the same pathways. Only one QTL was found for pod wall resistance on LG7 explaining approximately 9 % of the phenotypic variation. This is the first report on the development of QTL markers to probe Pisum germplasm for pea weevil resistance genes. These flanking markers will be useful in accelerating the process of screening when breeding for pea weevil resistance.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-03-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2011
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1139/G10-092
Abstract: Genetic ersity of 180 Brassica nigra (L.) Koch genotypes from 60 different accessions was evaluated using 15 simple sequence repeat markers with known locations on the Brassica A, B, and C genomes. Two lines each from Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Brassica carinata Braun were also included as comparator species. A total of 218 high quality alleles were used to generate a genetic distance matrix, and clustering and multidimensional scaling analyses were used to investigate genetic relationships among the accessions. Accessions from the same country of origin tended to cluster together. Surprisingly, 13 accessions declared to be B. nigra had A- and B-genome alleles and morphology consistent with them being B. juncea, which was supported by their positioning near B. juncea in the cluster analysis. Two B. nigra accessions possessed alleles associated more closely with the A genome than the B genome, and these may be Brassica rapa L. accessions. One B. nigra accession had B- and C-genome alleles and morphology consistent with it being B. carinata. The remaining 44 accessions (73%) appeared to be truly B. nigra and formed morphologically and genetically distinct groups associated with country or region of origin, notably Ethiopia, Israel, India, and Europe. Most B. nigra accessions were highly heterozygous, consistent with their obligate outcrossing habit. This study demonstrated the value of using molecular markers with known genome locations (in this case, in the Brassica A, B, and C genomes) to confirm species identity in families such as Brassicaceae where species identification based solely on morphological characters is difficult.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/EA03031
Abstract: Identification of cultivars is extremely important both for cultivation and breeding of crop plants. Cultivar identification based on morphological characteristics can be difficult and complicated. Polymerase chain reaction technologies, such as random lified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, can readily and quickly identify cultivars using seeds and young leaves. Sixty in iduals representing 7 radish cultivars were examined for RAPD marker polymorphism. Based on the polymorphism generated, 5 primers were selected, out of the 14��examined, to fingerprint the cultivars. The 5 primers produced a total of 52 fragments, 6 monomorphic and 46�polymorphic fragments, ranging in size from 206 to 2258 base pairs. A total and mean character difference matrix was calculated based on the RAPD data and a dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA). Three DNA fingerprinting keys were developed for the 7 cultivars and 5 markers derived from 3 primers was the minimum required to distinguish cultivars. Results demonstrated that RAPD markers could be effectively used for the identification of radish cultivars.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 17-10-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-01-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-015-2657-Z
Abstract: We present the first genetic map of an allohexaploid Brassica species, based on segregating microsatellite markers in a doubled haploid mapping population generated from a hybrid between two hexaploid parents. This study reports the first genetic map of trigenomic Brassica. A doubled haploid mapping population consisting of 189 lines was obtained via microspore culture from a hybrid H16-1 derived from a cross between two allohexaploid Brassica lines (7H170-1 and Y54-2). Simple sequence repeat primer pairs specific to the A genome (107), B genome (44) and C genome (109) were used to construct a genetic linkage map of the population. Twenty-seven linkage groups were resolved from 274 polymorphic loci on the A genome (109), B genome (49) and C genome (116) covering a total genetic distance of 3178.8 cM with an average distance between markers of 11.60 cM. This is the first genetic framework map for the artificially synthesized Brassica allohexaploids. The linkage groups represent the expected complement of chromosomes in the A, B and C genomes from the original diploid and tetraploid parents. This framework linkage map will be valuable for QTL analysis and future genetic improvement of a new allohexaploid Brassica species, and in improving our understanding of the genetic control of meiosis in new polyploids.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-01-2013
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/CP15385
Abstract: Heat and drought are among the major obstacles confronting crop production under climate change. The present study was conducted to evaluate 50 erse wheat genotypes for cell membrane stability (CMS) and chlorophyll content at seedling and anthesis stages under heat and drought stress conditions, to understand the effect of the two abiotic factors and to find promising genotypes for future breeding. Experiments were conducted in the glasshouse (seedling stage) and the field (anthesis stage). Analysis of variance showed significant variation (P ≤ 0.05) for all of the traits at seedling and anthesis stages. High levels of broad-sense heritability and genetic advance at 5% selection intensity indicated the presence of a high genetic component of variation and potential for genetic improvement through selection among the existing genetic variation. CMS showed a significant positive correlation with 1000-grain weight (TGW) under heat and drought conditions at both seedling and anthesis stages. Chlorophyll a/b ratio at seedling stage exhibited a significant negative correlation (r = –0.39, P 0.05) with TGW under heat stress. Total chlorophyll content was significantly (r = 0.42, P 0.05) correlated with TGW under heat stress at anthesis. Genotypes ETAD248 and ETAD7 showed the highest CMS and TGW values, whereas their chlorophyll a/b values were lowest, at both seedling and anthesis stages under heat and drought stress conditions. Higher CMS and total chlorophyll content, and lower chlorophyll a/b, were found to be useful indicators to identify genotypes with high TGW under heat and drought stress conditions. This study indicated the possibility of using seedling resistance as an indicator for later stage response in breeding for heat and drought resistance. The resistant genotypes identified can be used as potential germplasm in breeding programs.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 24-10-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-02-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2021
DOI: 10.1002/FES3.283
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-01-2015
DOI: 10.1111/JAC.12116
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 19-05-2022
Abstract: Understanding the genetics of metribuzin (a group C herbicide) tolerance in wheat is vital in developing tolerant cultivars to improve wheat productivity in dryland farming systems. This study investigated metribuzin tolerance in wheat by conducting a Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) with a panel of 150 wheat genotypes of erse genetic backgrounds and genotyped them with the wheat 90 K SNP genotyping assay. The phenotyping was conducted in a temperature-controlled glasshouse at the University of Western Australia (UWA). Genotypes were sprayed with a metribuzin dose of 400 grams of active ingredient (g. a.i.) ha −1 as pre-emergent in a specialized spraying cabinet and transferred to the glasshouse where the tolerance level of the genotypes was assessed by measuring the relative reduction in chlorophyll content of the leaves. The decrease in chlorophyll content of the treated plants compared to the control was regarded as the phytotoxic effects of metribuzin. GWAS analysis following a mixed linear model revealed 19 genomic regions with significant marker-trait associations (MTAs), including ten on chromosome 6A, three on chromosome 2B, and one on chromosomes 3A, 5B, 6B 6D, 7A, and 7B, respectively. Sequences of the significant markers were blasted against the wheat genome, IWGSC RefSeq V1.0, and candidate genes having annotations related to herbicide tolerance in wheat, especially in pathways reported to be involved in metribuzin tolerance, such as cytochrome P450 pathways and ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) superfamilies, were identified in these genomic regions. These included TraesCS6A01G028800, TraesCS6A02G353700, TraesCS6A01G326200, TraesCS7A02G331000, and TraesCS2B01G465200. These genomic regions were validated on 30 top tolerant and 30 most susceptible genotypes using the five closest SSR makers to the flanked SNPs. Sufficient polymorphism was detected on two markers ( wms193 and barc1036 ) that were found to differentiate between the susceptible and tolerant alleles and a t-test analysis of the phenotypic data shows a significant (value of p & 0.001) difference suggesting that these markers can be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in metribuzin studies and wheat breeding programs.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-11-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-019-03480-4
Abstract: Two novel midge resistance QTL were mapped to a 4.9-Mb interval on chromosome arm 4AL based on the genetic maps constructed with SNP markers. Orange wheat blossom midge (OWBM) is a devastating insect pest affecting wheat production. In order to detect OWBM resistance genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) for wheat breeding, two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations were established and used for molecular mapping. A total of seven QTL were detected on chromosomes 2D, 4A, 4D and 7D, respectively, of which positive alleles were all from the resistant parents except for the QTL on 7D. Two stable QTL (QSm.hbau-4A.2-1 and QSm.hbau-4A.2-2) were detected in both populations with the LOD scores ranging from 5.58 to 29.22 under all three environments, and they explained a combined phenotypic variation of 24.4-44.8%. These two novel QTL were mapped to a 4.9-Mb physical interval. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers AX-109543456, AX-108942696 and AX-110928325 were closely linked to the QTL and could be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) for OWBM resistance in wheat breeding programs.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/EA05207
Abstract: A successful stem cutting method was developed to propagate chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), its crossable wild annual relatives (C. reticulatum Ladiz. and C. echinospermum P.H. Davis) and their interspecific hybrids. The effect of plant growth regulator powder (0.5 mg/g indole butyric acid and 0.5 mg/g naphthalene acetic acid), honey, combined honey + plant growth regulator powder, different growth stages of the donor plant, and rooting substrates on rooting rate, root number, root length, and survival rate were investigated. The highest propagation success rate was achieved when cuttings were taken at the pre-flowering stage, treated with plant growth regulator powder and grown in a sand + potting mix substrate. The rooting rate ranged from 87.5 to 100% for chickpea, C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum, and interspecific hybrids. All of the accessions examined in the study were successfully propagated with the new method. This study provides a simple and efficient technique for vegetative propagation of Cicer species which will be useful for the multiplication of seed, production of clones for disease screening or for the development of mapping populations.
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 10-2009
DOI: 10.1139/G09-058
Abstract: Fifty-two SSR markers were used to evaluate the genetic ersity of 33 Qinghai-Tibetan wild barley accessions, 56 landraces collected primarily from other parts of China, and 1 Israeli wild barley accession. At the 52 SSR loci, 206 alleles were detected for the 90 accessions, among which 111 were common alleles. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 9, with an average of 4.0. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0 to 0.856 among all the markers, with an average of 0.547. The PIC value of Qinghai-Tibetan wild barley varied from 0 to 0.813 with an average of 0.543, while in landraces, the markers showed a range of 0 to 0.790 with an average of 0.490. The SSR markers could clearly differentiate the Qinghai-Tibetan wild barley from the landraces. Twenty-four unique alleles were observed in Qinghai-Tibetan wild barley, and the frequency of unique alleles in Qinghai-Tibetan wild barley was about 2.1 times higher than that in the landraces, on average. Five of the 7 chromosomes had more unique alleles in the Qinghai-Tibetan wild barley, but chromosome 2H had more unique alleles in the landraces. The presence of many unique alleles may reflect the adaptation of this barley germplasm to erse environments and production systems.
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 12-2010
Abstract: Effects of plant height on Fusarium crown rot (FCR) disease severity were investigated using 12 pairs of near-isogenic lines (NILs) for six different reduced height (Rht) genes in wheat. The dwarf isolines all gave better FCR resistance when compared with their respective tall counterparts, although the Rht genes involved in these NILs are located on several different chromosomes. Treating plants with exogenous gibberellin increased FCR severity as well as seedling lengths in all of the isolines tested. Analysis of the expression of several defense genes with known correlation with resistance to FCR pathogens between the Rht isolines following FCR inoculation indicated that the better resistance of the dwarf isolines was not due to enhanced defense gene induction. These results suggested that the difference in FCR severity between the tall and dwarf isolines is likely due to their height difference per se or to some physiological and structural consequences of reduced height. Thus, caution should be taken when considering to exploit any FCR locus located near a height gene.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-03-2019
Abstract: Drought is one of the most harmful environmental stresses affecting the physiological, biochemical processes and growth of plants. Lucerne or alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), one of the most popular pasture species in arid and semi-arid regions, plays a critical role in sustaining agricultural systems in many areas of the world. In order to evaluate the effect of water shortage on water status, biomass distribution and proline content, the relative water content (RWC), biomass and proline concentration in the leaves, stems and roots of lucerne seedlings under three different water regimes were studied in pots under a rainout shelter. The results showed that after water was withheld, the RWC of the different organs decreased significantly at the same soil water content, the leaf RWC was higher than that of the stem and root. The biomass of the leaves, stems and roots were all reduced by water stress, while the root–shoot ratio increased indicating that the roots were less affected than the leaves and stems. Proline concentration increased with decreasing soil water content with the leaf proline concentration increasing more than that of stems and roots. These results indicate that roots of lucerne seedlings show greater resilience to water deficits than shoots.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/AR07353
Abstract: Interspecific populations derived from crossing cultivated field pea, Pisum sativum, with the wild pea relative, Pisum fulvum, were scored for pod and seed injury caused by the pea weevil, Bruchus pisorum. Pod resistance was quantitatively inherited in the F2 population, with evidence of transgressive segregation. Heritability of pod resistance between F2 and F3 generations was very low, suggesting that this trait would be difficult to transfer in a breeding program. Seed resistance was determined for the F2 population by testing F3 seed tissues of in idual F2 plants and pooling data from seed reaction for each F2 plant (inferred F2 genotype). Segregation for seed resistance in the F2 population of the cross Pennant/ATC113 showed a trigenic mode of inheritance, with additive effects and dominant epistasis towards susceptibility. Seed resistance was conserved over consecutive generations (F2 to F5) and successfully transferred to a new population by backcross introgression. Seed resistance in the backcross introgressed population segregated in a 63 : 1 ratio, supporting the three-gene inheritance model. It is proposed that complete resistance to pea weevil is controlled by three major recessive alleles assigned pwr1, pwr2, and pwr3, and complete susceptibility by three major dominant alleles assigned PWR1, PWR2, and PWR3. It is recommended that large populations ( F2 plants) would be required to effectively transfer these recessive alleles to current field pea cultivars through hybridisation and repeated backcrossing.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 08-03-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-02-2015
Abstract: Germplasm collections provide an extremely valuable resource for breeders and researchers. However, misclassification of accessions by species often hinders the effective use of these collections. We propose that use of high-throughput genotyping tools can provide a fast, efficient and cost-effective way of confirming species in germplasm collections, as well as providing valuable genetic ersity data. We genotyped 180 Brassicaceae s les sourced from the Australian Grains Genebank across the recently released Illumina Infinium Brassica 60K SNP array. Of these, 76 were provided on the basis of suspected misclassification and another 104 were sourced independently from the germplasm collection. Presence of the A- and C-genomes combined with principle components analysis clearly separated Brassica rapa, B. oleracea, B. napus, B. carinata and B. juncea s les into distinct species groups. Several lines were further validated using chromosome counts. Overall, 18% of s les (32/180) were misclassified on the basis of species. Within these 180 s les, 23/76 (30%) supplied on the basis of suspected misclassification were misclassified, and 9/105 (9%) of the s les randomly sourced from the Australian Grains Genebank were misclassified. Surprisingly, several in iduals were also found to be the product of interspecific hybridization events. The SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) array proved effective at confirming species, and provided useful information related to genetic ersity. As similar genomic resources become available for different crops, high-throughput molecular genotyping will offer an efficient and cost-effective method to screen germplasm collections worldwide, facilitating more effective use of these valuable resources by breeders and researchers.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 17-09-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-05-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-009-1056-8
Abstract: We analysed the products of male meiosis in microspore-derived progeny from a Brassica napus (AAC(n)C(n)) x Brassica carinata (BBC(c)C(c)) interspecific hybrid (ABC(n)C(c)). Genotyping at 102 microsatellite marker loci and nuclear DNA contents provided strong evidence that 26 of the 28 progeny (93%) were derived from unreduced (2n) gametes. The high level of C(n)C(c) marker heterozygosity, and parallel spindles at Anaphase II in the ABC(n)C(c) hybrid, indicated that unreduced gametes were formed by first ision restitution. The frequency of dyads at the tetrad stage of pollen development (2.6%) suggested that unreduced gametes were preferentially selected in microspore culture. Segregation of marker alleles in the microspore-derived progeny was consistent with homologous recombination between C(n) and C(c) chromosomes and homoeologous recombination involving A-, B- and C-genome chromosomes during meiosis in the ABC(n)C(c) hybrid. We discuss the potential for using microspore culture of unreduced gametes in interspecific hybrids to map Brassica centromeres through half-tetrad analysis.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-03-2011
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 27-11-2015
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/AR04080
Abstract: To test the hypothesis that DNA markers associated with specific genetic make-up can be detected and used to discriminate genotypes, lified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were produced for 14 accessions in Cicer echinospermum, a close relative of Cicer arietinum (chickpea). Six selective lification primer combinations produced high polymorphism with average polymorphic loci of 77.2%. The polymorphism detected in this study enabled fingerprinting keys to be established to discriminate accessions within C. echinospermum. Results showed that molecular analysis using AFLP was a good and reliable technique to differentiate C. echinospermum accessions and to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships between them, which could help parental selection in chickpea improvement programs.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2021
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/CP15312
Abstract: Yellow spot (caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) is a major foliar disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum) that has become more serious in recent years, possibly because of climate change. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) located on the short arm of wheat chromosome 2B explaining 30–40% of the phenotypic variance has been identified as responsible for resistance to Australian yellow spot isolates, which reportedly produce mostly the ToxA effector. The closest marker linked to this QTL was a DArT marker not easy to use in large-scale selections, whereas the closest PCR-based marker available (2.7 cM) was too far away for reliably tagging the locus in wheat breeding. We therefore undertook studies to develop more closely linked and user-friendly markers for this major QTL. Forty-one new markers either synthesised from DArT markers or identified from the GrainGene database were assessed. From these, we developed a new PCR-based marker (Rfsts1), located 0.3 cM away from the major QTL. This is the first suitable marker for marker-assisted selection for yellow spot resistance in Australian wheat-breeding programs.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-04-2022
Abstract: Meiosis is the least explored stage for thermotolerance in wheat. We evaluated the impact of 5 d of moderate transient daily heat stress during meiosis in the main stem spike on physiological and grain yield traits in 30 erse wheat cultivars which vary widely in heat tolerance and sensitivity. We found that a moderate heat stress event during meiosis in the main stem spike had lasting impacts on plant growth and reproduction in heat-sensitive, but not heat-tolerant, wheat cultivars. Heat-tolerant cultivars maintained grain yield, grain number and in idual grain weight in the main stem spike and also total plant grain yield and biomass in the heat stress treatment relative to the control. Heat-sensitive cultivars responded to heat stress by producing fewer and smaller grains per spikelet on the main stem, fewer tillers, lower biomass and lower total plant grain yield in the high temperature treatment relative to the control. Heat-sensitive cultivars produced higher flag leaf chlorophyll content in the high temperature treatment relative to the control than heat-tolerant cultivars during the first 3 d of heat treatment. There was small reduction in pollen viability from 98% to 96% following heat stress during meiosis which was unrelated to heat tolerance or sensitivity. Moderate transient heat stress during meiosis did not greatly reduce the production of viable male gametes, but had long-lasting negative impacts on fertilization and subsequent seed production in heat-sensitive cultivars.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/BT03041
Abstract: New somatic chromosome counts were recorded from 27 accessions representing 21 Australian species across six genera, Halosarcia Wils., Pachycornia Hook.f., Sarcocornia Scott, Sclerostegia Wils., Tecticornia Hook.f. and Tegicornia Wils., in the subfamily Salicornioideae Ulbr. (Chenopodiaceae Venten.). The results indicated that the Australian Salicornioideae have a basic chromosome number of x = 9, congruent with other members of the Chenopodiaceae. Polyploidy is evident, particularly in the largest genus Halosarcia, ranging from diploid to hexaploid (2x = 18, 27, 36 and 54). With the exception of Pachycornia triandra (F.Muell.) Black, the chromosomes observed were 1.11–3.85 μm in length, with a total genome length of the haploid set of 13.82–23.16�μm. P. triandra had considerably larger chromosomes (3.09–5.57 μm) with a total genome length of the haploid set of 36.93 μm.Intraspecific ploidy variation occurs in the mostly endemic genus Halosarcia, which is the largest genus in the subfamily. Diploid, triploid and tetraploid ploidy levels were detected in H. indica (Willd.) subsp. bidens (Nees) Wils. s led from separate populations and two ploidy levels were recorded in seedlings germinated from in idual H. leptoclada Wils. and H. pterygosperma (Black) Wils. adults. The presence of polyploidy in Halosarcia may provide a mechanism that fosters ersity and phenotypic variation.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 13-04-2022
Abstract: The AP2/ERF superfamily is one of the largest groups of transcription factors (TFs) in plants, which plays important roles in regulating plant growth and development under heat stress. A complete genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of AP2/ERF superfamily genes focusing on heat stress response were conducted in bread wheat. This study identified 630 putative AP2/ERF superfamily TF genes in wheat, with 517 genes containing well-defined AP2-protein domains. They were classified into five sub-families, according to domain content, conserved motif, and gene structure. The unique genes identified in this study were 112 TaERF genes, 77 TaDREB genes, four TaAP2 genes, and one TaRAV gene. The chromosomal distribution analysis showed the unequal distribution of TaAP2/ERF genes in 21 wheat chromosomes, with 127 pairs of segmental duplications and one pair of tandem duplication, highly concentrated in TaERF and TaDREB sub-families. The qRT-PCR validation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in contrasting wheat genotypes under heat stress conditions revealed that significant DEGs in tolerant and susceptible genotypes could unequivocally differentiate tolerant and susceptible wheat genotypes. This study provides useful information on TaAP2/ERF superfamily genes and reveals candidate genes in response to heat stress, which forms a foundation for heat tolerance breeding in wheat.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/BT03042
Abstract: Meiotic observation of nine genotypes of seven Boronia Sm. species revealed that B. megastigma Bartling (2n = 14), B. molloyae J.R.Drumm. (2n = 16), B. purdieana Diels (2n = 18), B. pinnata Sm. (2n = 22) and B. chartacea P.H.Weston (2n = 32) behaved as diploids during meiosis. B. coerulescens F.Muell. (2n = 72) was a tetraploid. These species had normal homologous chromosome pairing and segregation during meiosis and high pollen viability of 82–99%. Base chromosome numbers for B. megastigma, B. molloyae, B. purdieana, B. pinnata, B. chartacea and B. coerulescens were 7, 8, 9, 11, 16 and 18, respectively. Irregularities were found in meiosis of B. heterophylla F.Muell., which had low pollen viability of 43–46%. Results indicated that chromosome number in B. heterophylla might be the result of dysploid reduction or aneuploid reduction with 'Red' a monosomic, whereas 'Cameo' and 'Moonglow' were double monosomics. Boronia genome appeared volatile and genome repatterning in Boronia is still occurring.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-09-2004
DOI: 10.1002/JSFA.1931
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
No related grants have been discovered for Guijun Yan.