ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8247-3570
Current Organisations
Health Systems Trust
,
Department of Parks and Wildlife, Government of Western Australia
,
Wise Owl Consulting
,
Western Australian Museum
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Publisher: South African Medical Association NPC
Date: 29-03-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.VIRUSRES.2014.02.012
Abstract: Hardenbergia mosaic virus (HarMV), genus Potyvirus, belongs to the bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) potyvirus lineage found only in Australia. The original host of HarMV, Hardenbergia comptoniana, family Fabaceae, is indigenous to the South-West Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR), where Lupinus spp. are grown as introduced grain legume crops, and exist as naturalised weeds. Two plants of H. comptoniana and one of Lupinus cosentinii, each with mosaic and leaf deformation symptoms, were s led from a small patch of disturbed vegetation at an ancient ecosystem-recent agroecosystem interface. Potyvirus infection was detected in all three s les by ELISA and RT-PCR. After sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq 2000, three complete and two nearly complete HarMV genomes from H. comptoniana and one complete HarMV genome from L. cosentinii were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis which compared (i) the four new complete genomes with the three HarMV genomes on Genbank (two of which were identical), and (ii) coat protein (CP) genes from the six new genomes with the 38 HarMV CP sequences already on Genbank, revealed that three of the complete and one of the nearly complete new genomes were in HarMV clade I, one of the complete genomes in clade V and one nearly complete genome in clade VI. The complete HarMV genome from L. cosentinii differed by only eight nucleotides from one of the HarMV clade I genomes from a nearby H. comptoniana plant, with only one of these nucleotide changes being non-synonymous. Pairwise comparison between all the complete HarMV genomes revealed nucleotide identities ranging between 82.2% and 100%. Recombination analysis revealed evidence of two recombination events amongst the six complete genomes. This study provides the first report of HarMV naturally infecting L. cosentinii and the first ex le for the SWAFR of virus emergence from a native plant species to invade an introduced plant species.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-1996
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/CP08223
Abstract: Cost, time, linkage drag, and genetic drift work against the incorporation of potentially valuable alleles from exotic or non-adapted germplasm into elite crop plants, particularly for quantitative traits. We present a model, motivated by narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), for efficient incorporation of new alleles from exotic or non-adapted donors into elite gene pools during two phases of breeding. In Phase 1, probability functions from the binomial distribution provide at least 95% confidence that a potentially valuable donor allele (A′) will survive two cycles of backcrossing to elite lines and is fixed in BC2-derived lines. During backcrossing, up to 6 major domestication or adaptation genes from the elite parents are reselected and made homozygous in BC2S0 : 1 family rows. Each plant in the BC2S0 : 1 contains on average 12.5% donor alleles, with % probability that a particular donor allele is homozygous in at least one fully domesticated plant in the BC2S0 : 1 population. Plants in these rows or subsequent field trials are selected for valuable quantitative traits, and crossed into elite germplasm to commence Phase 2. Phase 1 is rapid and relatively low cost, and provides a continuous flow of novel genetic ersity into the elite breeding pool.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2004
Publisher: Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions
Date: 24-06-2021
DOI: 10.58828/NUY01001
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-09-2008
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/CP11046
Abstract: Narrow-leafed lupin (NLL) is one of the major legume crops in Australian farming systems which is largely used as animal feed. Several modern cultivars have been developed through breeding making NLL feasible for use as human food. Significant health benefits have been recognised for NLL. The current study characterised protein polymorphism among 25 Australian cultivars through mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) with the aim of developing molecular breeding strategies to improve protein quality and content. A total of 364 seed protein mass peaks were clearly identified by MALDI-TOF and 50 protein mass peaks were cultivar specific. In addition, 9 protein mass peaks were found present in all cultivars and 61 protein mass peaks present in 2–3 cultivars only. Phylogenic analysis based on the protein profile categorised the cultivars into 2 major groups, which are broadly supported by pedigree information. The low proportion (2.4%) of common protein mass peaks among the cultivars suggested a high level of ersity in seed protein of NLL.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2021.113072
Abstract: Eremophila (Scrophulariaceae) is a genus of Australian desert plants, which have been used by Australian Aboriginal people for various medicinal purposes. Crude extracts of the leaf resin of Eremophila glabra (R.Br.) Ostenf. showed α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity with IC
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 03-11-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.02.364471
Abstract: Eremophila is the largest genus in the plant tribe Myoporeae (Scrophulariaceae) and exhibits incredible morphological ersity across the Australian continent. The Australian Aboriginal Peoples recognize many Eremophila species as important sources of traditional medicine, the most frequently used plant parts being the leaves. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed complex evolutionary relationships between Eremophila and related genera in the tribe. Unique and structurally erse metabolites, particularly diterpenoids, are also a feature of plants in this group. To assess the full dimension of the chemical space of the tribe Myoporeae, we investigated the metabolite ersity in a chemo-evolutionary framework applying a combination of molecular phylogenetic and state-of-the-art computational metabolomics tools to build a dataset involving leaf s les from a total of 291 specimens of Eremophila and allied genera. The chemo-evolutionary relationships are expounded into a systematic context by integration of information about leaf morphology (resin and hairiness), environmental factors (pollination and geographical distribution) and medicinal properties (traditional medicinal uses and antibacterial studies) augmenting our understanding of complex interactions in biological systems.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-04-2020
Publisher: Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions
Date: 05-12-2007
DOI: 10.58828/NUY00508
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2022.113408
Abstract: The plant genus Eremophila is endemic to Australia and widespread in arid regions. Root bark extract of Eremophila longifolia (R.Br.) F.Muell. (Scrophulariaceae) was investigated by LC-PDA-HRMS, and dereplication suggested the presence of a series of diterpenoids. Using a combination of preparative- and analytical-scale HPLC separation as well as extensive 1D and 2D NMR analysis, the structures of 12 hitherto unreported serrulatane diterpenoids, eremolongine A-L, were established. These structures included serrulatanes with unusual side chain modifications to form hitherto unseen skeletons with, e.g., cyclopentane, oxepane, and bicyclic hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan moieties. Serrulatane diterpenoids in Eremophila have recently been shown to originate from a common biosynthetic precursor with conserved stereochemical configuration, and this was used for tentative assignment of the relative and absolute configuration of the isolated compounds. Triple high-resolution α-glucosidase/α-amylase/PTP1B inhibition profiling demonstrated that several of the eremolongines had weak inhibitory activity towards targets important for management of type 2 diabetes.
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 1974
DOI: 10.1159/000240664
Abstract: The relationship between the induction of hepatic phosphopyruvate carboxylase activity and the incorporation i in vivo /i of sup /sup C from lactate into glucose and glycogen was determined in rats during the first 6 h after surgical delivery. Phosphopyruvate carboxylase activity and gluconeogenic capacity were extremely low at the time of delivery. After the first hour phosphopyruvate carboxylase increased markedly, but the development of gluconeogenesis lagged behind that of the enzyme and increased slowly during the first 2 h. Thereafter it increased rapidly in an almost linear manner. The administration of actinomycin D at delivery prevented the synthesis of glucose and glycogen 4 and 6 h later. If phosphopyruvate carboxylase had previously been induced i in utero /i , the animals were unable to synthesize glucose and glycogen immediately after delivery, but the postnatal development of the process was very rapid with only a slight lag.
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2008
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 22-08-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-03-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-09-2021
DOI: 10.1111/TPJ.15448
Abstract: Eremophila is the largest genus in the plant tribe Myoporeae (Scrophulariaceae) and exhibits incredible morphological ersity across the Australian continent. The Australian Aboriginal Peoples recognize many Eremophila species as important sources of traditional medicine, the most frequently used plant parts being the leaves. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed complex evolutionary relationships between Eremophila and related genera in the tribe. Unique and structurally erse metabolites, particularly diterpenoids, are also a feature of plants in this group. To assess the full dimension of the chemical space of the tribe Myoporeae, we investigated the metabolite ersity in a chemo‐evolutionary framework applying a combination of molecular phylogenetic and state‐of‐the‐art computational metabolomics tools to build a dataset involving leaf s les from a total of 291 specimens of Eremophila and allied genera. The chemo‐evolutionary relationships are expounded into a systematic context by integration of information about leaf morphology (resin and hairiness), environmental factors (pollination and geographical distribution), and medicinal properties (traditional medicinal uses and antibacterial studies), augmenting our understanding of complex interactions in biological systems.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00025096
Publisher: Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions
Date: 13-12-2016
DOI: 10.58828/NUY00780
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-02-2011
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/CP08092
Abstract: Anthracnose is a major disease of lupins in Western Australia (WA). The disease wiped out the WA albus lupin industry in 1996 and since then, anthracnose resistance has been a major focus for WA lupin breeding. In an endeavour to find a source of resistance to anthracnose, all available germplasm in WA was screened against anthracnose in New Zealand over the summer of 1997 and 1998, and resistance was identified in Ethiopian landraces. The resistance was present in many Ethiopian landraces within a close geographical distribution, suggesting a similar genetic basis of resistance. Crosses were made between the resistant landraces and agronomically superior lines. The progeny were tested for anthracnose resistance, yield, seed quality, and other agronomic characters. The most superior line, Andromeda, was released for commercial production in WA. It was developed from an F3-derived single-plant selection of a cross between an anthracnose-resistant landrace P27175 from Ethiopia and a well adapted but highly susceptible WA breeding line 89B10A-14. Andromeda has a significantly higher level of resistance to anthracnose than the previous cv. Kiev Mutant and is recommended in the medium- to low-rainfall area of the northern wheatbelt of WA. Further breeding effort has resulted in significant improvement in the level of resistance within the WA breeding program, and early generation lines are more resistant than advanced lines. The best resistant lines are, however, in a late flowering background and only an incremental improvement has been achieved in combining early flowering with anthracnose resistance, which seems to be a complex process.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1071/APP9950271
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/CP12189
Abstract: A key goal in the breeding for aphid resistance of cultivated lupins is to manipulate the levels and distributions of alkaloids. Lupin alkaloids are known to be responsible for resistance to herbivorous insects, but the total seed alkaloid level must remain under 0.02% for animal and human consumption. Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) is being investigated as a new legume crop for Western Australia (WA), but most lines produced to date have been very susceptible to aphids. In contrast, breeders in WA have had ongoing success releasing narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius L.) cultivars with adequate resistance to aphids. In this study, aphid performance was evaluated on yellow lupin plants in the glasshouse from an F2 population derived from a cross between Teo, a yellow lupin cultivar resistant to aphids and with high total alkaloid levels, and Wodjil, a single plant selection from Teo that is susceptible to aphids and has low total alkaloid levels, and their parents. Resistance in Teo and the F2 progeny was strongly associated with the alkaloids gramine and a gramine analogue. The absence of plants with intermediate levels of these alkaloids in progeny of this cross makes it unlikely that aphid-resistant lines can be generated using Teo as the resistance source. On the other hand, different alkaloids were correlated with aphid resistance in the narrow-leafed lupin cultivar Kalya, and aphid resistance was more evenly distributed among progeny of a cross of the resistant cultivar Kalya with the susceptible cultivar Tallerack. For this reason, additional yellow lupin lines with a more erse alkaloid profile were selected for further study from the Australian lupin breeding program. A wide variation in the aphid tolerance among lines was observed and aphid tolerance was positively correlated with alkaloid content. However, four lines were identified with moderate levels of aphid resistance in a low alkaloid background. These lines had varying alkaloid profiles, but as expected none were dominated by gramine and its analogues. We believe these lines offer a greater opportunity for aphid resistance breeding in yellow lupins.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/CP12268
Abstract: This study investigated the genetic and environmental influences and their interactions on seed protein profiles of five narrow-leafed lupin cultivars grown under three different environmental conditions. High throughput MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry revealed 133 reproducible seed protein mass peaks. Thirty-one seed protein mass peaks were detected in all 15 combinations of cultivar × environment. Twenty mass peaks were influenced by cultivars irrespective of environment. Only six protein mass peaks were influenced by environments. Seventy-six mass peaks were highly variable. Number of mass peaks of lupin seed protein is mostly genetically controlled (P = 0.008) with no significant influence of the environment (P = 0.131). Environment and cultivar interactions were not significant (P = 0.889). Multivariate analyses of mass peak profiles supported the above analysis showing that protein mass peak profile was significantly (P = 0.001) influenced by cultivar but not by environment (P = 0.053). This result indicates the possibility of breeding new lupin cultivars targeting specific proteins for human food and animal feed without being too concerned about environmental influences.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-10-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-012-1997-1
Abstract: Selection for phomopsis stem blight disease (PSB) resistance is one of the key objectives in lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) breeding programs. A cross was made between cultivar Tanjil (resistant to PSB) and Unicrop (susceptible). The progeny was advanced into F(8) recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The RIL population was phenotyped for PSB disease resistance. Twenty plants from the RIL population representing disease resistance and susceptibility was subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based restriction site-associated DNA sequencing on the NGS platform Solexa HiSeq2000, which generated 7,241 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thirty-three SNP markers showed the correlation between the marker genotypes and the PSB disease phenotype on the 20 representative plants, which were considered as candidate markers linked to a putative R gene for PSB resistance. Seven candidate markers were converted into sequence-specific PCR markers, which were designated as PhtjM1, PhtjM2, PhtjM3, PhtjM4, PhtjM5, PhtjM6 and PhtjM7. Linkage analysis of the disease phenotyping data and marker genotyping data on a F(8) population containing 187 RILs confirmed that all the seven converted markers were associated with the putative R gene within the genetic distance of 2.1 CentiMorgan (cM). One of the PCR markers, PhtjM3, co-segregated with the R gene. The seven established PCR markers were tested in the 26 historical and current commercial cultivars released in Australia. The numbers of "false positives" (showing the resistance marker allele band but lack of the putative R gene) for each of the seven PCR markers ranged from nil to eight. Markers PhtjM4 and PhtjM7 are recommended in marker-assisted selection for PSB resistance in the Australian national lupin breeding program due to its wide applicability on breeding germplasm and close linkage to the putative R gene. The results demonstrated that application of NGS technology is a rapid and cost-effective approach in development of markers for molecular plant breeding.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-04-2021
DOI: 10.1002/TAX.12495
Abstract: Eremophila is a significant component of the Australian arid zone flora, but its generic limits and relationships to the other six genera of tribe Myoporeae remain largely untested. In this study, we assembled a dataset of the nuclear ribosomal cistron (ca. 6000 bases including ITS1+2, ETS regions, non‐transcribed spacer and associated genes) for all genera in tribe Myoporeae with a particular focus on Eremophila (205 of total 233 formally described species of Eremophila , and 28 species of related genera s led). Phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. These resolved four major clades that were well supported. Eremophila was paraphyletic, with all other genera of tribe Myoporeae nested in it. We discuss two taxonomic options for addressing the paraphyly of Eremophila . As an immediate step, we propose that the small genera, Cal horeus and Diocirea , should be placed in synonymy under Eremophila , and herein make the necessary new nomenclatural combinations. Additional phylogenetic data are needed, ideally in the form of multiple independent nuclear loci, to clarify the positions of Bontia , Glycocystis and Myoporum relative to Eremophila before further taxonomic changes are proposed.
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1993
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-06-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1996
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 26-02-2014
DOI: 10.1111/ANU.12137
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-11-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2002
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-002-0925-1
Abstract: Phomopsis stem blight (PSB) caused by Diaporthe toxica is a major disease in narrow-leafed lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius L.). The F(2) progeny and the parental plants from a cross between a breeding line 75A:258 (containing a single dominant resistance gene Phr1 against the disease) and a commercial cultivar Unicrop (susceptible to the disease) were used for development of molecular markers linked to the disease resistance gene. Two pairs of co-dominant DNA polymorphisms were detected using the microsatellite-anchored fragment length polymorphism (MFLP) technique. Both pairs of polymorphisms were isolated from the MFLP gels, re- lified by PCR, sequenced, and converted into co-dominant, sequence-specific and PCR-based markers. Linkage analysis by MAPMAKER suggested that one marker (Ph258M2) was 5.7 centiMorgans (cM) from Phr1, and the other marker (Ph258M1) was 2.1 cM from Ph258M2 but further away from Phr1. These markers are suitable for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in lupin breeding.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2020
DOI: 10.1002/TAX.12305
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2007
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/AR07384
Abstract: Agricultural crops and their wild progenitors are excellent candidates for ecophysiologal research because germplasm collections are often extensive and well described, and in its dissemination the crop may explore new habitats. The advent of high-resolution climate models has greatly improved our capacity to characterise plant habitats, and study species’ adaptive responses. The yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) is ideal because it evolved as a Mediterranean winter-annual in relatively high-rainfall coastal regions, but was domesticated as a summer crop in temperate central Europe. Currently the crop is being developed for Mediterranean south-western Australia, raising an interesting ecophysiological problem: is it more appropriate to concentrate on wild material from Mediterranean habitats, which are likely to be more similar to the target environments, or on European germplasm domesticated for temperate summer cropping? Lupinus luteus collection sites across the natural and domesticated distribution range were characterised by calculating site-specific bioclimatic variables and habitat types defined using multivariate analysis. Germplasm was evaluated in 2 field trials measuring a range of characters describing plant growth, phenology, architecture, and productivity. The earliest phenology and highest vigour and productivity were recorded in domesticated material from central Europe, characterised by short but unstressful growing seasons with reliable rainfall, long day-lengths, and rapidly rising vegetative-phase temperatures levelling out after flowering. Mediterranean habitats were classified by altitude, climate, and growing-season length. Early, productive germplasm came from warmer/low elevation sites with inconsistent rainfall and stronger terminal drought. Germplasm from low temperature/high elevation sites with high, relatively frequent rainfall had late phenology and low growth rates, early vigour, seed yield, and harvest index. Distinct habitats within the distribution range of L. luteus have selected for ecotypes with different phenologies and growth rates, which strongly influence plant architecture, fecundity and yield. It is suggested that variable responses to vernalisation and differences in seed size are important in determining these traits. European germplasm has many of the terminal drought-avoiding characteristics required in a productive Mediterranean ideotype, but may lack drought tolerance, which is likely to be under stronger selection pressure in more stressful Mediterranean habitats.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AR05088
Abstract: Between 500 000 and 1 000 000 tonnes of narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.) are produced in Western Australia each year. It has become the predominant grain legume in Western Australian agriculture because it is peculiarly well adapted to acid sandy soils and the Mediterranean climate of south-western Australia. It has a deep root system and root growth is not reduced in mildly acid soils, which allows it to fully exploit the water and nutrients in the deep acid sandplain soils that cover much of the agricultural areas of Western Australia. It copes with seasonal drought through drought escape and dehydration postponement. Drought escape is lupin’s main adaptation to drought, and has been strengthened by plant breeders over the past 40 years by removal of the vernalisation requirement for flowering, and further selection for earlier flowering and maturity. Lupin postpones dehydration by several mechanisms. Its deep root system allows it to draw on water from deep in the soil profile. Lupin stomata close to reduce crop water demand at a higher leaf water potential than wheat, but photosynthetic rates are higher when well watered. It has been proposed that stomata close in response to roots sensing receding soil moisture, possibly at a critical water potential at the root surface. This is an adaptation to sandy soils, which hold a greater proportion of their water at high matric potentials than loamy or clayey soils, since the crop needs to moderate its water use while there is still sufficient soil water left to complete its life cycle. Lupin has limited capacity for osmotic adjustment, and does not tolerate dehydration as well as other crops such as wheat or chickpea. Plant breeding has increased the yield potential of lupin in the main lupin growing areas of Western Australia by 2–3 fold since the first adapted cultivar was released in 1967. This has been due largely to selecting earlier flowering and maturing cultivars, but also to improved pod set and retention, resistance to Phomopsis leptostromiformis (Kühn) Bubák, and more rapid seed filling. We propose a model for reproductive development in lupin where vegetative growth is terminated in response to receding soil moisture and followed by a period in which all assimilate is devoted to seed filling. This should allow lupin to adjust its developmental pattern in response to seasonal conditions to something like the optimum that mathematical optimal control theory would choose for that season. This is the type of pattern that has evolved in lupin, and the task of future plant breeders will be to fine-tune it to better suit the environment in the lupin growing areas of Western Australia.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-07-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-11-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-011-1736-Z
Abstract: In contrast to most widespread broad-acre crops, the narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) was domesticated very recently, in breeding programmes isolated in both space and time. Whereas domestication was initiated in Central Europe in the early twentieth century, the crop was subsequently industrialized in Australia, which now dominates world production. To investigate the ramifications of these bottlenecks, the genetic ersity of wild (n = 1,248) and domesticated populations (n = 95) was characterized using ersity arrays technology, and adaptation studied using G × E trials (n = 31) comprising all Australian cultivars released from 1967 to 2004 (n = 23). Principal coordinates analysis demonstrates extremely limited genetic ersity in European and Australian breeding material compared to wild stocks. AMMI analysis indicates that G × E interaction is a minor, albeit significant effect, dominated by strong responses to local, Western Australian (WA) optima. Over time Australian cultivars have become increasingly responsive to warm, intermediate rainfall environments in the northern WA grainbelt, but much less so to cool vegetative phase eastern environments, which have considerably more yield potential. G × E interaction is well explained by phenology, and its interaction with seasonal climate, as a result of varying vernalization responses. Yield differences are minimized when vegetative phase temperatures fully satisfy the vernalization requirement (typical of eastern Australia), and maximized when they do not (typical of WA). In breeding for WA optima, the vernalization response has been eliminated and there has been strong selection for terminal drought avoidance through early phenology, which limits yield potential in longer season eastern environments. Conversely, vernalization-responsive cultivars are more yield-responsive in the east, where low temperatures moderately extend the vegetative phase. The confounding of phenology and vernalization response limits adaptation in narrow-leafed lupin, isolates breeding programmes, and should be eliminated by widening the flowering time range in a vernalization-unresponsive background. Concomitantly, breeding strategies that will widen the genetic base of the breeding pool in an ongoing manner should be initiated.
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-11-13-1144-RE
Abstract: Black pod syndrome (BPS) causes devastating losses in Lupinus angustifolius (narrow-leafed lupin) crops in Australia, and infection with Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) was suggested as a possible cause. In 2011, an end-of-growing-season survey in which L. angustifolius plants with BPS were collected from six locations in southwestern Australia was done. Tissue s les from different positions on each of these symptomatic plants were tested for BYMV and generic potyvirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Detection was most reliable when RT-PCR with generic potyvirus primers was used on tissue taken from the main stem of the plant just below the black pods. Partial coat protein nucleotide sequences from eight isolates from BPS-symptomatic L. angustifolius plants all belonged to the BYMV general phylogenetic group. An initial glasshouse experiment revealed that mechanical inoculation of L. angustifolius plants with BYMV after pods had formed caused pods to turn black. This did not occur when the plants were inoculated before this growth stage (at first flowering) because BYMV infection caused plant death. A subsequent experiment in which plants were inoculated at eight different growth stages confirmed that BPS was only induced when L. angustifolius plants were inoculated after first flowering, when pods had formed. Thus, BYMV was isolated from symptomatic L. angustifolius survey s les, inoculated to and maintained in culture hosts, inoculated to healthy L. angustifolius test plants inducing BPS, and then successfully reisolated from them. As such, Koch's postulates were fulfilled for the hypothesis that late infection with BYMV causes BPS in L. angustifolius plants.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-06-2012
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1993
DOI: 10.1071/AR9931367
Abstract: Commercial L. angustifolius cultivation is restricted to acid to neutral coarse-textured soils in Australia. An unsuitable root system may be part of the reason for the poor performance on fine-textured or alkaline soils. As a first step to examine this question plants of 12 annual Lupinus species were grown in a coarse soil with the aim of describing the range of root morphologies within the genus and to compare these to commercial L. angustifolius. A wide range of rooting patterns were observed. The differences in the dominance of the taproot was pronounced between species. The commercial genotype of L. angustifolius occupied an extreme within the range of root morphologies of the species. Roots of L. angustifolius consisted of a dominant taproot and a relatively high number of primary lateral roots but few secondary roots. In contrast, the primary, secondary and tertiary lateral roots of L. pilosus, L. mutabilis, L. atlanticus, L. palaestinus and L. micranthus were more dominant than the taproot. The length and distribution of primary lateral roots along the taproot also varied between species. The number of primary lateral roots fell rapidly with depth in L. angustifolius and L. mutabilis, while the other species had a more even distribution. L. angustifolius had a less extensive root system and relatively thick roots when compared to species such as L. albus and L. mutabilis. L. luteus also had relatively thick roots. The relatively thick roots and less extensive lateral root system in commercial L. angustifolius may partially explain its poor growth on fine-textured soils, where a greater proliferation of finer, lateral roots may be necessary. Proteoid root formation was observed for L. albus, L. cosentinii, L. pilosus, L. palaestinus, L. micranthus, L. digitatus, L. princei and L. atlanticus. They were particularly numerous in L. micranthus and L. albus. The structure of proteoid root clusters varied between species.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2007
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1071/AR03114
Abstract: Accessions totalling 1425 from the Australian Lupin Collection representing 9 Old World lupin species and Lupinus mutabilis Sweet, a New World species, were s led for seed coat and pod wall percentage, seed weight, and number of seeds per pod. These traits are of importance to the breeding objective of lowering seed coat and pod wall proportions in crop lupins. Seed coat percentage mean values among the species ranged from 12.7 in L. mutabilis to 33.7 in L. pilosus L. The 4 species that have been subject to selection (L. mutabilis, L. albus L., L. angustifolius L., and L. luteus L.) had lower mean seed coat percentages than the other species with little domestication. The rough-seeded lupin species had higher seed coat percentages relative to the smooth-seeded species except for L. micranthus Guss., which had 31.5% seed coat and small seeds. Within L. angustifolius there was no difference between the mean seed coat percentage values for wild v. domesticated or hard v. soft-seeded entries, although wild accessions of L. angustifolius tended to have lower seed weight, higher pod wall percentage, and more seeds per pod than domesticated accessions. There was no correlation in L. angustifolius germplasm between seed coat percentage and pod wall percentage, indicating that selection for one will not influence the other character. Accessions with the lowest seed coat percentage were from Turkey, Greece, and Cyprus, and those with the lowest average pod wall percentage were from Spain and Cyprus. Mean pod wall percentages ranged from 30.9 in L. albus to 57.1 in L. micranthus figures that are high compared with other legumes. Large ranges in seed weight were found particularly in L. albus, L. pilosus, and L. angustifolius. In addition to the germplasm collection, 21 Australian cultivars, released from 1967 to 1999, were evaluated at one site over 2 years for the same traits. There was a negative correlation between seed coat percentage and seed weight for both L. angustifolius historical cultivars and germplasm, indicating that further reductions in seed coat percentage could be achieved by crossing large seeded types with low seed coat types. Pod wall percentage was negatively correlated with both year of release and yield, and positively correlated with days to flowering. These data support other findings that breeding for the reduction of pod wall can lead to yield improvements. The germplasm collection assessed here provides lines with lower seed coat and pod wall compared with what is available in breeding lines or cultivars.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 07-08-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-08-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-07-2022
DOI: 10.1111/TPJ.15866
Abstract: In a cross‐continental research initiative, including researchers working in Australia and Denmark, and based on joint external funding by a 3‐year grant from the Novo Nordisk Foundation, we have used DNA sequencing, extensive chemical profiling and molecular networking analyses across the entire Eremophila genus to provide new knowledge on the presence of natural products and their bioactivities using polypharmocological screens. Sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids and dimers of branched‐chain fatty acids with previously unknown chemical structures were identified. The collection of plant material from the Eremophila genus was carried out according to a ‘bioprospecting agreement’ with the Government of Western Australia. We recognize that several Eremophila species hold immense cultural significance to Australia's First Peoples. In spite of our best intentions to ensure that new knowledge gained about the genus Eremophila and any potential future benefits are shared in an equitable manner, in accordance with the Nagoya Protocol, we encounter serious dilemmas and potential conflicts in making benefit sharing with Australia's First Peoples a reality.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1975
DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(75)90202-2
Abstract: To improve the epidemiological study of suicide and attempted suicides in Aquitaine, France, we developed a comprehensive surveillance system based on the input of Sentinel General Practitioners (SGPs). From October 1986 to May 1988, for each case of suicide or attempted suicide, the SGPs reported epidemiological data to our system through a computer network of personal home terminals (Minitels). Data included age, sex, method and result of attempt and antecedents. In an analysis of the relationship between the suicidal method, antecedents and results of suicidal act, the principal findings were a high rate of antecedents of suicide attempts by drug overdoses, hangings and drownings and no antecedents for attempts by the use of firearms. This may show that the increasing accessibility of firearms is making it more likely that impulsive suicide attempts will be lethal.
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 2007
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/EA04272
Abstract: Tolerance to metribuzin herbicide is an essential agronomic trait for narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius L.) grown in Western Australia (WA), however, metribuzin causes up to 30% yield loss in cv. Tanjil. Tanjil is widely used as a parent in the WA lupin breeding programme to provide anthracnose resistance. Hence, identification of genotypes tolerant to metribuzin and incorporation of this tolerance into the disease-resistant cultivar is necessary for maintaining lupin production. This study identified tolerance to metribuzin among lupin cultivars and advanced breeding lines under both controlled temperature and natural winter conditions. Differences in dose responses between cultivars revealed that cv. Gungurru was tolerant and cv. Tanjil susceptible to metribuzin. Gungurru seedlings survived metribuzin applications of up to 1600 g/ha, whereas Tanjil seedlings exhibited zero survival at 800 g/ha. The rate of herbicide application that caused a 50% growth reduction (GR50, excluding dead plants) for Gungurru was 2 times greater than that for Tanjil. The level of tolerance in Gungurru is adequate to protect plants against metribuzin damage in the field. Large and consistent differences in tolerance between genotypes were identified among cultivars and advanced breeding lines across controlled temperatures (20°C during the day and 12°C at night) and in natural winter conditions. One breeding line (95L208–13–13) showed marginally better tolerance than Gungurru. A number of advanced breeding lines were as susceptible to metribuzin as Tanjil, indicating that it is very important to select for metribuzin tolerance concurrently with disease resistance in the breeding programme. Of the 6 measures of tolerance used in this study, leaf score proved to be the simplest and most effective measure and could be used for the selection of in idual tolerant plants in segregating populations. Tolerance was independent of early vigour, suggesting that it is possible to combine both early vigour and tolerance into a cultivar for better weed management. In conclusion, breeding for metribuzin tolerance in lupin is feasible, and the screening method tested here was simple and consistent, which would assist a breeding programme in making rapid progress towards herbicide-tolerant plants.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/CP13092
Abstract: The narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a legume with much to offer to agriculture and human wellbeing through its adaptation to nitrogen- and phosphorus-deficient, acid, sandy soils, and production of nutritious, very low glycemic index grain with manifold health benefits. However, the industry has exploited only a small fraction of the genetic and adaptive ersity of the species, reflecting a short and fragmented domestication history. Given declining global production, unlocking the potential residing in untapped sources of genetic ersity to maximise yield and value is critical for the future of the crop. To this end, a wide range of genetic resources is under evaluation. The Australian Lupin Collection comprises almost 4600 erse, mostly wild accessions, many of which have been genotyped using DArT (Diversity Array Technology) markers, and collection sites characterised to facilitate ecophysiology of contrasting material. Additional exotic genetic resources include recombinant inbred line and mutant populations, as well as inter-specific crosses. These resources are being used to investigate specific adaptation and genetic and molecular control of key traits, all of which will be expedited by current efforts to provide a reference genome sequence for L. angustifolius. Genetic base broadening is the current breeding focus, combining distantly related wild and domestic material with elite cultivars in double-backcrosses or topcrosses, with dramatic effects on yield. In future this will be complemented by marker-based, targeted trait introgression to improve narrow-leafed lupin adaptation, quality/value, and fit into the farming system.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1071/AR9950255
Abstract: Lupinus angustifolius L. grows poorly on alkaline soils, particularly those that are fine-textured. This poor growth has been attributed to high concentrations of bicarbonate, high clay content and/or iron deficiency. In field studies, we examined the growth of 13 lupin genotypes reliant on N2 fixation, or receiving NH4N03, at four sites with various combinations of soil pH and texture. Plants grown on an alkaline clay and an alkaline sand showed iron chlorosis at early stages, and had a slower shoot growth than those grown on an acid loam or an acid sand. Species varied greatly in the severity of iron chlorosis and also in growth and seed yield, with L. angustifolius, L. luteus and L. albus more affected than L. pilosus, L. atlanticus and L. cosentinii. Rankings of growth and seed yield of the lupin genotypes on the alkaline clay correlated well with the rankings on the alkaline sand soil. Plants which had severe iron chlorosis in alkaline clay also had severe chlorosis in alkaline sands. However, correlation between the severity of iron chlorosis and early shoot growth was poor. The results suggest that high pH and/or high bicarbonate are more likely than soil texture to be the primary factors restricting the growth of commercial lupins.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-10-2021
DOI: 10.3390/BIOM11101534
Abstract: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major challenge in cancer treatment, and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is an important target in the search for new MDR-reversing drugs. With the aim of discovering new potential BCRP inhibitors, the crude extract of leaves of Eremophila galeata, a plant endemic to Australia, was investigated for inhibitory activity of parental (HT29par) as well as BCRP-overexpressing HT29 colon cancer cells resistant to the chemotherapeutic SN-38 (i.e., HT29SN38 cells). This identified a fraction, eluted with 40% acetonitrile on a solid-phase extraction column, which showed weak growth-inhibitory activity on HT29SN38 cells when administered alone, but exhibited concentration-dependent growth inhibition when administered in combination with SN-38. The major constituent in this fraction was isolated and found to be 5,3′,5′-trihydroxy-3,6,7,4′-tetramethoxyflavone (2), which at a concentration of 25 μg/mL potentiated the growth-inhibitory activity of SN-38 to a degree comparable to that of the known BCRP inhibitor Ko143 at 1 μM. A dye accumulation experiment suggested that 2 inhibits BCRP, and docking studies showed that 2 binds to the same BCRP site as SN-38. These results indicate that 2 acts synergistically with SN-38, with 2 being a BCRP efflux pump inhibitor while SN-38 inhibits topoisomerase-1.
Location: Australia
Location: Australia
Location: Australia
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 2004
End Date: 2007
Funder: Grains Research and Development Corporation
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2005
End Date: 2009
Funder: Grains Research and Development Corporation
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2001
End Date: 2004
Funder: Grains Research and Development Corporation
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2004
End Date: 2007
Funder: Grains Research and Development Corporation
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2001
End Date: 2004
Funder: Grains Research and Development Corporation
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2009
End Date: 2014
Funder: Grains Research and Development Corporation
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2007
End Date: 2009
Funder: Grains Research and Development Corporation
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2008
End Date: 2012
Funder: Grains Research and Development Corporation
View Funded Activity