ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4662-2211
Current Organisation
University of Sydney
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-08-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1998
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-07-2023
Abstract: Faba beans (Vicia faba L.) constitute a partially outcrossing species requiring an isolation distance to maintain genetic purity when more than one variety is grown in field conditions. This information is crucial for seed growers and faba bean breeders. A study was conducted at the University of Sydney’s Plant Breeding Institute, Narrabri, over two years to examine the extent of natural outcrossing using a creamy white flower characteristic as a morphological marker, which is controlled by a single recessive gene. The white-flowered genotype (IX225c) was grown in paired rows of 150 m length in four directions from a central 480 m2 plot of the normal flowered genotype PBA Warda. A beehive was placed in the central plot at the flowering time and natural pollination was allowed. At maturity, seed s les were taken from the white-flowered genotype at designated intervals along each axis and 100 seeds from each s le were grown in the glasshouse/birdcage to the 4–5 leaf stage and the proportion of plants displaying a stipule spot pigmentation (normal flower color and spotted stipule are linked) was used to determine the percentage of outcrossing. Maximum outcrossing of 2.28% occurred where both genotypes were grown side by side (0 m) and the degree of outcrossing decreased as the distance along each axis from the central plot increased. At a 6 m distance, the outcrossing was less than 1% however, on occasion, it increased to 1% beyond a distance of 100 m, indicating the volatile and unpredictable nature of bee flights. Distance had a major effect on outcrossing but the direction and its interaction had no effect. The results suggest that to limit outcrossing to below 0.5%, a distance of more than 150 m between plots of different faba beans cultivars would be required. It also indicated that Australian faba bean genotypes are mostly self-fertile and a relatively narrow isolation distance will ensure self-fertilization in seed production and breeding programs.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 13-10-2021
Abstract: Faba bean is a cool-season grain legume crop, which is grown worldwide for food and feed. Despite a decrease in area under faba bean in the past, the interest in growing faba bean is increasing globally due to its high seed protein content and its excellent ecological service. The crop is, however, exposed to erse biotic and abiotic stresses causing unstable, low grain yield. Although, sources of resistance to main diseases, such as ascochyta blight ( Ascochyta fabae Speg.), rust ( Uromyces viciae-fabae (Pers.) Schroet.), chocolate spot ( Botrytis fabae Sard.) and gall disease ( Physioderma viciae ), have been identified, their resistance is only partial and cannot prevent grain yield losses without agronomical practices. Tightly associated DNA markers for host plant resistance genes are needed to enhance the level of resistance. Less progress has been made for abiotic stresses. Different breeding methods are proposed, but until now line breeding, based on the pedigree method, is the dominant practice in breeding programs. Nonetheless, the low seed multiplication coefficient and the requirement for growing under insect-proof enclosures to avoid outcrossing h ers breeding, along with the lack of tools such as double haploid system and cytoplasmic male sterility. This reduces breeding population size and speed of breeding hence the chances of capturing rare combinations of favorable alleles. Availability and use of the DNA markers such as vicine-convicine ( vc − ) and herbicide tolerance in breeding programs have encouraged breeders and given confidence in marker assisted selection. Closely linked QTL for several biotic and abiotic stress tolerance are available and their verification and conversion in breeder friendly platform will enhance the selection process. Recently, genomic selection and speed breeding techniques together with genomics have come within reach to accelerate the genetic gains in faba bean. Advancements in genomic resources with other breeding tools, methods and platforms will enable to accelerate the breeding process for enhancing genetic gain in this species.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-06-2011
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-09-2021
Abstract: Frost is one factor that causes extensive yield losses globally. A study was conducted to evaluate frost damage under field conditions and assess the genetic variation of flowers converting into pods. Diverse faba bean genotypes were evaluated under four growing seasons in a randomized complete block design: three at the University of Sydney, Narrabri, Australia (2014–2016) with three sowing dates, and one at the Agricultural Research Station, Dirab, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (2016/2017) in one sowing. Visual methods were used to estimate frost damage and record the development of pods. Radiation frost in 2014 (Narrabri) damaged lower pods, while advection frost in 2016/2017 (Dirab) damaged upper pods. The radiation frost formed immediately above the ground therefore, flowers and pods of taller plants minimized the damage because of their long distance from the ground. The earliest (mid-April) and middle sowing (7 May) suffered more by frost, while a delay in sowing (last week in May) led to frost escape or minor damage. The genotypes IX474/4-3 and 11NF010a-2 showed low sensitivity to frost at the vegetative and reproductive stages. Flowers developed at the beginning of flowering had a faster and higher pod formation rate (41–43%) than those formed later and contributed more to yields. Therefore, a severe frost at the beginning of flowering can cause a significant yield loss as these flowers are the most productive. The frost-tolerant genotypes, and faster and higher pod forming rates, identified in this study can be exploited to breed better varieties in the future.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/AR02192
Abstract: The indeterminate growth habit of narrow-leafed lupin appears to cause a suboptimal pattern of grain filling in the Mediterranean-type environment of south-western Australia. Development of cultivars with genetically restricted branching (RB) has been proposed to overcome the problem. However, restriction of branching causes profound phenological and architectural changes, and it may be necessary to compensate for these by incorporating RB into a genetic background that confers high shoot mass. In order to make a robust assessment of the value of RB in a range of backgrounds, the trait was incorporated from 5 donor parents into the genetic background of 10 recurrent parents by 2 rounds of back-crossing followed by self-fertilisation of the progeny for 4 generations to produce BC2S4 lines. Thirty-two of these lines were obtained with highly RB or mildly RB, a range of flowering times from 68 to 118 days after sowing, and 16–34 leaf nodes on the main stem. They were tested with their parents in replicated field trials at 3 sites in Western Australia at latitudes from 28°S to 33°S. The RB genotypes generally gave higher grain yield than the normal-branching genotypes at the high-latitude, high-rainfall, long growing season, high shoot mass producing site of Esperance, and the 2 types gave approximately equal yield in the low-latitude, low-rainfall, short-season, low shoot mass site of Mullewa. Only at the intermediate site of Wongan Hills did the normal-branching genotypes have a clear advantage. RB genotypes had higher harvest index than corresponding normal-branching genotypes, particularly at Esperance, and tended to produce more pods but slightly fewer seeds per pod and lighter seeds. There was no consistent difference in performance between highly and mildly RB genotypes, contrary to an expectation that the highly RB type would produce insufficient shoot mass. There was a tentative indication that, within RB lines, a large number of leaf nodes on the main stem conferred more reliably high grain yield in the environments of Esperance and Wongan Hills. Overall, these results provide le justification for the development and further evaluation of RB cultivars. However, this conclusion comes with 2�caveats: that a different background development pattern should be adopted to that used in normal branching lupins, and that RB cultivars should be evaluated in the target environments where the character confers an advantage.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/AR07384
Abstract: Agricultural crops and their wild progenitors are excellent candidates for ecophysiologal research because germplasm collections are often extensive and well described, and in its dissemination the crop may explore new habitats. The advent of high-resolution climate models has greatly improved our capacity to characterise plant habitats, and study species’ adaptive responses. The yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) is ideal because it evolved as a Mediterranean winter-annual in relatively high-rainfall coastal regions, but was domesticated as a summer crop in temperate central Europe. Currently the crop is being developed for Mediterranean south-western Australia, raising an interesting ecophysiological problem: is it more appropriate to concentrate on wild material from Mediterranean habitats, which are likely to be more similar to the target environments, or on European germplasm domesticated for temperate summer cropping? Lupinus luteus collection sites across the natural and domesticated distribution range were characterised by calculating site-specific bioclimatic variables and habitat types defined using multivariate analysis. Germplasm was evaluated in 2 field trials measuring a range of characters describing plant growth, phenology, architecture, and productivity. The earliest phenology and highest vigour and productivity were recorded in domesticated material from central Europe, characterised by short but unstressful growing seasons with reliable rainfall, long day-lengths, and rapidly rising vegetative-phase temperatures levelling out after flowering. Mediterranean habitats were classified by altitude, climate, and growing-season length. Early, productive germplasm came from warmer/low elevation sites with inconsistent rainfall and stronger terminal drought. Germplasm from low temperature/high elevation sites with high, relatively frequent rainfall had late phenology and low growth rates, early vigour, seed yield, and harvest index. Distinct habitats within the distribution range of L. luteus have selected for ecotypes with different phenologies and growth rates, which strongly influence plant architecture, fecundity and yield. It is suggested that variable responses to vernalisation and differences in seed size are important in determining these traits. European germplasm has many of the terminal drought-avoiding characteristics required in a productive Mediterranean ideotype, but may lack drought tolerance, which is likely to be under stronger selection pressure in more stressful Mediterranean habitats.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/AR01084
Abstract: Studies were undertaken to identify the genes conferring stem rust and leaf rust resistances in Amagalon and to determine the usefulness of this line as a source of rust resistance in oat breeding programs. Amagalon was crossed with certain rust-resistant and rust-susceptible lines and segregating populations were tested with pathotypes of Puccinia graminis avenae and P. coronata avenae. Tests with the widely virulent P. graminis avenae pt 94+Pg-13 indicated that resistance in Amagalon was governed by the complementary recessive gene complex known as Pg-a. This hypothesis was further substantiated by temperature sensitivity tests and by a test of induced susceptibility to stem rust, known to be unique to lines possessing Pg-a. However, Amagalon yielded a unique source of resistance to leaf rust that was effective against current pathotypes of P. coronata avenae in Australia. This gene, assumed to be Pc91, was inherited independently of a second leaf rust resistance gene present in cv. Culgoa. It was concluded that Amagalon is a useful source of resistance to leaf rust that should be used in combination with other genes for resistance to prolong its effectiveness.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-07-2021
Abstract: Faba bean is gaining attention in Australia as a rotation grain legume where most of the country’s produce is exported. Rust, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, is a major constraint to Faba bean production in eastern Australia and its chemical control results in increased cost of production. The deployment of erse sources of resistance in new cultivars underpins economic and eco-friendly control of rust diseases of crops. A selection from cultivar Doza (Doza#12034) and a European accession Ac1655 exhibited seedling rust resistance against U. viciae-fabae pathotype 24–40. Doza#12034 and Ac1655 were crossed with a susceptible genotype Fiord and recombinant inbred line (RIL) F6 populations were generated. Rust tests on Fiord/Doza#12034 and Fiord/Ac1655 F4 and F6 populations demonstrated monogenic inheritance of resistance in both crosses and the underlying resistance loci were named Uvf-2 and Uvf-3, respectively. Genetic mapping of both RIL populations located Uvf-2 and Uvf-3 in chromosomes III and V, respectively. The SNPs that showed linkage with Uvf-2 and Uvf-3 were converted into kompititive allele specific PCR (KASP) assays. Markers KASP_Vf_0703 and KASP_C250539 flanked Uvf-2 at 4.9 cM and 2.9 cM distances, whereas Uvf-3 was flanked by KASP_Ac×F165 (2.5 cM) and KASP_vf_1090 (10.1 cM). Markers KASP_Vf_0703 and KASP_Ac×F165 can be used for marker-assisted selection of Uvf-2 and Uvf-3, respectively, after confirming parental polymorphisms.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-09-2020
Abstract: Grain legumes are commonly used for food and feed all over the world and are the main source of protein for over a billion people worldwide, but their production is at risk from climate change. Water deficit and heat stress both significantly reduce the yield of grain legumes, and the faba bean is considered particularly susceptible. The genetic improvement of faba bean for drought adaptation (water deficit tolerance) by conventional methods and molecular breeding is time-consuming and laborious, since it depends mainly on selection and adaptation in multiple sites. The lack of high-throughput screening methodology and low heritability of advantageous traits under environmental stress challenge breeding progress. Alternatively, selection based on secondary characters in a controlled environment followed by field trials is successful in some crops, including faba beans. In general, measured features related to drought adaptation are shoot and root morphology, stomatal characteristics, osmotic adjustment and the efficiency of water use. Here, we focus on the current knowledge of biochemical and physiological markers for legume improvement that can be incorporated into faba bean breeding programs for drought adaptation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-06-2020
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.13222
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-06-2012
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 27-05-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-03-2014
DOI: 10.1111/PBR.12173
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-09-2008
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1071/CP19103
Abstract: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important cool-season legume crop that ranks fourth after chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris L.) in terms of total production. The global production of faba bean was 4.8 Mt in 2017, with China, Ethiopia and Australia being the largest producers (1.8, 0.93 and 0.37 Mt, respectively). However, its area of production is not increasing relative to other crops, mainly because of high yield instability. This can be attributed to several factors related to plant traits (e.g. phenology, morpho-physiology) and biotic and abiotic stresses. Faba bean has a very poor flower:pod ratio, with a maximum 20% of flowers resulting in pods. Environmental stresses such as frost, heat and drought cause significant damage to flowers and young pods therefore, matching phenology of crops to the environment is important for avoiding or minimising detrimental effects of unfavourable environmental conditions. In order to improve adaptation and yield, we need to understand the main factors affecting plant growth, including biotic stresses, identify the main yield components, and find traits associated with tolerance to frost, heat and drought.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2001
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-11-2017
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-12-2020
DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202012.0372.V1
Abstract: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.), a member of the Fabaceae family, is one of the important food legumes cultivated in cool temperate regions. It holds great importance for human consumption and livestock feed because of its high protein content, dietary fibre, and nutritional value. Major faba bean breeding challenges include its mixed breeding system, unknown wild progenitor, and genome size of ~13 Gb, which is the largest among diploid field crops. The key breeding objectives in faba bean include improved resistance to biotic and abiotic stress and enhanced seed quality traits. Major progress on reduction of vicine-convicine and seed coat tannins, the main anti-nutritional factors limiting faba bean seed usage, have been recently achieved through gene discovery. Genomic resources are relatively less advanced compared to other grain legume species, but significant improvements are underway due to a recent significant increase in research activities. A number of bi-parental populations have been constructed and mapped for targeted traits in the last decade. Faba bean now benefits from saturated synteny‐based genetic maps, along with next-generation sequencing and high-throughput genotyping technologies that are paving the way for marker-assisted selection. Developing a reference genome, and ultimately a pan-genome, will provide a foundational resource for molecular breeding. In this review, we cover the recent development and deployment of genomic tools for faba bean breeding.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 16-09-2022
Abstract: Identification and validation of biomarkers and bioindicators to select genotypes with superior tolerance to water deficit (WD) under field conditions are paramount to plant breeding programs. However, the co-occurrence of different abiotic stresses such as WD, heat, and radiation makes it difficult to develop generalized protocols to monitor the physiological health of the plant system. The study assessed the most abundant carbohydrates and sugar alcohols in five faba bean ( Vicia faba ) genotypes under field conditions and the abundance of naturally occurring carbon isotopes in bulk leaf material to predict water use efficiency (WUE). Plant water status and biomass accumulation were also assessed. Among the accumulated sugars, inter-specific variation in glucose was most prevalent and was found at a higher concentration (8.52 mg g −1 leaf) in rainfed trial. myo- Inositol concentrations followed that of glucose accumulation in that the rainfed trial had higher amounts compared to the irrigated trial. WUE calculated from carbon isotope abundance was consistently offset with measured WUE from measurements of leaf gas exchange. All genotypes demonstrated significant relationships between predicted and measured WUE ( p & 0.05) apart from control variety PBA Warda. Thus, bulk leaf-level carbon isotope abundance can be used to calculate WUE and used as an effective selection criterion for improving WUE in faba bean breeding programs under field conditions.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-12-2020
DOI: 10.1111/PPL.13309
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1071/AR99039
Abstract: Seedlings of 40 Australian oat cultivars and 154 elite oat lines were tested with various pathotypes of P. graminis avenae. Fourteen cultivars carried Pg-2 and/or Pg-4. One cultivar carried Pg-13 and 4 carried Pg-a. Several cultivars possessed different combinations of Pg-1, Pg-2, Pg-3, and/or Pg-4, but none possessed Pg-8 or Pg-9. Since most elite lines were resistant to all cultures collected from the pathogenicity survey in 1993 and gave similar low infection types, it was postulated that they all carried a common gene, Pg-a. All isolates from the 1993 survey, except one from northern New South Wales, were avirulent for Pg-a. Studies of the effect of temperature on reaction to stem rust showed that resistances in lines possessing Pg-8 and Pg-16 became ineffective at 21.5°C, but were effective at 17°C. Similarly, resistances in lines possessing Pg-4, Pg-12, and Pg-a were effective at 21.5°C, but became ineffective at or above 26°C. Resistances conferred by Pg-1, Pg-2, Pg-13, and Pg-Sa were not affected by temperature. Although resistance conferred by Pg-a was temperature-sensitive, the retardation of fungal growth with decrease in temperature suggested that increasing day temperatures would not cause the breakdown of this resistance provided night temperatures remain cool.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-10-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-08-2009
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-06-2023
DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202306.0391.V1
Abstract: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a partially outcrossing species requiring an isolation distance to maintain genetic purity when more than one variety is grown in field conditions. This information is crucial for seed growers and faba bean breeders. A study was conducted at the University of Sydney’s Plant Breeding Institute, Narrabri over two years to examine the extent of natural outcrossing using a creamy white flower characteristic as a morphological marker, which is controlled by a single recessive gene. The white flowered genotype (IX225c) was grown in paired rows of 150 m length in four directions from a central 480 m2 plot of the normal flowered genotype PBA Warda. A beehive was placed in the central plot at flowering time and natural pollination was allowed. At maturity, seed s les were taken from the white flowered genotype at designated intervals along each axis and 100 seeds from each s le were grown in the glasshouse/birdcage to the 4-5 leaf stage and the proportion of plants displaying stipule spot pigmentation (normal flower colour and spotted stipule are linked) was used to determine the percentage of outcrossing. Maximum outcrossing of 2.28% occurred where both genotypes were grown side by side (0 m) and the degree of outcrossing decreased as the distance along each axis from the central plot increased. At 6 m distance the outcrossing was less than 1%, however on occasion it increased to 1% beyond a distance of 100 m, indicating the volatile and unpredictable nature of bee flights. Distance had the major effect on outcrossing, but direction and its interaction had no effect. The results suggest that to limit outcrossing to below 0.5%, a distance of more than 150 m between plots of different faba beans cultivars would be required. It also indicated that Australian faba bean genotypes are mostly self-fertile and a relatively narrow isolation distance will ensure self-fertilization in seed production and breeding programs.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-03-2011
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/CP13249
Abstract: White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is an important grain legume crop in Australia. The anthracnose incursion in the mid-1990s wiped out the white lupin industry in Western Australia (WA). Since then, incorporation of anthracnose resistance has been a major focus in white lupin breeding. After a series of experiments and targeted breeding in WA, high-yielding anthracnose-resistant genotypes were developed. One of these lines, Amira, was released in 2012 as a replacement for the then-benchmark variety Andromeda. Amira is high-yielding and early-maturing and it has substantially improved resistance to anthracnose compared with Andromeda. Its yield and grain quality are similar to Kiev Mutant and it will be suitable for growing in parts of the Northern Agricultural Region of WA where anthracnose risk is moderate to low. With the adoption of this new variety, reliable production of white lupin can recommence in WA. The growing season in WA is characterised by terminal drought, and early flowering is as important as anthracnose resistance. However, combining these traits was difficult and their combination was not achieved at a desired level in earlier work. The incorporation of the early-flowering trait from a different genetic source from France demonstrated that it is possible to combine these traits at an appropriate level. There was no genetic linkage between the two traits, and consequently, new genotypes with earlier phenology and higher levels of resistance than Amira were developed. The combination of early flowering and anthracnose resistance represents a breakthrough that will significantly improve the adaptation and profitability of white lupin production in WA.
Publisher: Policy Research Institute
Date: 10-2022
Abstract: Many critical problems are intensified in rural Nepal despite the policy advice and financial support from international agencies to alleviate them. This study attempted to explain the causes and policy solutions to the problems based on secondary sources of data and the authors’ insights. It identified that international agencies involved actively in policymaking and guided the land resource management policy to result in the best benefits to the people in privileged regions and other countries. The policies ruined institutions, resource conditions, social-ecological systems, and social environments essential for sustaining mountain farming and the rural economy in the country. The destructions exacerbated emigration, farming land abandonment, indigenous farming practice loss, food insecurity, and cultural heritage degradation. Adverse impacts of the policy interventions are exposed higher in disadvantaged areas and especially in the regions of indigenous ethnic communities. Those policies have institutionally placed the communities suffering for generations and increased risks of out-breaking interethnic conflicts and national security threats on many dimensions. This study explained some pragmatic policy measures to manage the agriculture and forestry resources for community wellbeing and national security. It also demonstrated how the national expert-driven policies would be for addressing the current problems in rural areas and the holistic development of the nation.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/CP15333
Abstract: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the oldest grain legumes and is grown in many countries for both human consumption and animal feed. Faba bean rust, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, is a serious disease of faba beans in the subtropical agricultural region of Australia. Experiments were conducted to assess the genetic variation for rust resistance in Australian faba bean germplasm and to determine the genetic basis of rust resistance in selected germplasm. Resistant lines were identified, subsequently crossed to agronomically suitable parents and the ensuing progeny were evaluated for resistance. Many derived lines showed a higher level of resistance than the current cultivars, although none were rated immune. This level of resistance was considered adequate for reliable crop production when combined with limited fungicide application. Genetic studies from the seedling test of F2 and F3 progenies derived from two crosses based on two different sources of resistance showed three distinct responses highly resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible. However, no homozygous family with a moderate response was found in the F3 progeny test, hence, this infection type could not be attributed to independent gene(s). The segregation ratio in both F2 and F3 in the population derived from Doza#12035, a selection from the commercial cultivar Doza, indicated a single dominant gene was responsible for conferring resistance. In the other population developed from the resistant parent Ac1655, it is likely that also a single dominant gene confers resistance even though the F3 segregation ratio deviated significantly from a one gene hypothesis. An allelism test revealed that each of the resistant parents (Doza#12035 and Ac1655) carried a single and independent gene for resistance, thus providing at least two genes for breeders to choose or pyramid for improving the rust resistance in faba bean.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1999
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/CP08092
Abstract: Anthracnose is a major disease of lupins in Western Australia (WA). The disease wiped out the WA albus lupin industry in 1996 and since then, anthracnose resistance has been a major focus for WA lupin breeding. In an endeavour to find a source of resistance to anthracnose, all available germplasm in WA was screened against anthracnose in New Zealand over the summer of 1997 and 1998, and resistance was identified in Ethiopian landraces. The resistance was present in many Ethiopian landraces within a close geographical distribution, suggesting a similar genetic basis of resistance. Crosses were made between the resistant landraces and agronomically superior lines. The progeny were tested for anthracnose resistance, yield, seed quality, and other agronomic characters. The most superior line, Andromeda, was released for commercial production in WA. It was developed from an F3-derived single-plant selection of a cross between an anthracnose-resistant landrace P27175 from Ethiopia and a well adapted but highly susceptible WA breeding line 89B10A-14. Andromeda has a significantly higher level of resistance to anthracnose than the previous cv. Kiev Mutant and is recommended in the medium- to low-rainfall area of the northern wheatbelt of WA. Further breeding effort has resulted in significant improvement in the level of resistance within the WA breeding program, and early generation lines are more resistant than advanced lines. The best resistant lines are, however, in a late flowering background and only an incremental improvement has been achieved in combining early flowering with anthracnose resistance, which seems to be a complex process.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/CP12189
Abstract: A key goal in the breeding for aphid resistance of cultivated lupins is to manipulate the levels and distributions of alkaloids. Lupin alkaloids are known to be responsible for resistance to herbivorous insects, but the total seed alkaloid level must remain under 0.02% for animal and human consumption. Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) is being investigated as a new legume crop for Western Australia (WA), but most lines produced to date have been very susceptible to aphids. In contrast, breeders in WA have had ongoing success releasing narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius L.) cultivars with adequate resistance to aphids. In this study, aphid performance was evaluated on yellow lupin plants in the glasshouse from an F2 population derived from a cross between Teo, a yellow lupin cultivar resistant to aphids and with high total alkaloid levels, and Wodjil, a single plant selection from Teo that is susceptible to aphids and has low total alkaloid levels, and their parents. Resistance in Teo and the F2 progeny was strongly associated with the alkaloids gramine and a gramine analogue. The absence of plants with intermediate levels of these alkaloids in progeny of this cross makes it unlikely that aphid-resistant lines can be generated using Teo as the resistance source. On the other hand, different alkaloids were correlated with aphid resistance in the narrow-leafed lupin cultivar Kalya, and aphid resistance was more evenly distributed among progeny of a cross of the resistant cultivar Kalya with the susceptible cultivar Tallerack. For this reason, additional yellow lupin lines with a more erse alkaloid profile were selected for further study from the Australian lupin breeding program. A wide variation in the aphid tolerance among lines was observed and aphid tolerance was positively correlated with alkaloid content. However, four lines were identified with moderate levels of aphid resistance in a low alkaloid background. These lines had varying alkaloid profiles, but as expected none were dominated by gramine and its analogues. We believe these lines offer a greater opportunity for aphid resistance breeding in yellow lupins.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1071/CP19214
Abstract: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a significant rotation crop in northern New South Wales. However, drought limits yield, and the reproductive structures of faba bean are sensitive to high temperatures and frost. Although early sowing can avoid terminal heat and drought stresses, the accumulation of large amounts of vegetative biomass may result in low yield. Experiments were conducted over 2 years at Breeza and Narrabri in north-western New South Wales, Australia, to examine the influence of sowing time on yield, yield components, maturity, pod distribution and biomass production. The second sowing date (early May) produced the highest yield and seed weight at both sites. However, the third sowing date (late May) produced greater yield than the first (mid-April) at Breeza, and this was associated with very high final biomass. At Narrabri, the first and third sowing dates produced similar low yield. Poorer yield in late-sown materials was likely due to terminal stress, and the impact will be greater in less favourable locations and seasons. The poorer yield of faba bean from the first sowing date was likely driven by excessive biomass accumulation, an effect that would be exacerbated in favourable seasons and locations. The lower seed weight observed at Breeza was possibly a result of greater intra-plant competition. The earliest maturing genotype had the highest yield and seed weight at both sites, indicating the importance of rapid pod growth and senescence in these warm and often water-limited environments. Dry matter production was greater with early sowing, higher moisture and warmer temperatures. In contrast to other studies, a weak relationship between biomass and yield was observed.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-11-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-02-2021
DOI: 10.1002/LEG3.75
Abstract: Faba bean ( Vicia faba L.), a member of the Fabaceae family, is one of the important food legumes cultivated in cool temperate regions. It holds great importance for human consumption and livestock feed because of its high protein content, dietary fibre, and nutritional value. Major faba bean breeding challenges include its mixed breeding system, unknown wild progenitor, and genome size of ~13 Gb, which is the largest among diploid field crops. The key breeding objectives in faba bean include improved resistance to biotic and abiotic stress and enhanced seed quality traits. Regarding quality traits, major progress on reduction of vicine‐convicine and seed coat tannins, the main anti‐nutritional factors limiting faba bean seed usage, have been recently achieved through gene discovery. Genomic resources are relatively less advanced compared with other grain legume species, but significant improvements are underway due to a recent increase in research activities. A number of bi‐parental populations have been constructed and mapped for targeted traits in the last decade. Faba bean now benefits from saturated synteny‐based genetic maps, along with next‐generation sequencing and high‐throughput genotyping technologies that are paving the way for marker‐assisted selection. Developing a reference genome, and ultimately a pan‐genome, will provide a foundational resource for molecular breeding. In this review, we cover the recent development and deployment of genomic tools for faba bean breeding.
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 03-2021
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1325-RE
Abstract: The pathogen Uromyces viciae-fabae causes rust (a fungal disease) on faba bean (Vicia faba). This disease limits faba bean production in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Australia. The development of resistant cultivars to U. viciae-fabae is the optimal solution for sustainable disease management. However, unknown virulence in Australian U. viciae-fabae populations has confounded resistance breeding. This study examined differences in virulence among Australian U. viciae-fabae isolates collected from various locations and established a differential set of faba bean genotypes. Ten rust isolates were collected from the major faba bean growing regions in Australia and single spore cultures produced. These cultures were subsequently used for assessing virulence on 40 erse faba bean genotypes. Based on the host-pathogen interactions, 12 putative host genotypes were identified as a differential set. A nomenclature system was subsequently developed using the binary pathotype naming system. Based upon host-pathogen interactions, nine virulence patterns were detected, and the isolates were named using the new nomenclature. We report characterization and naming of U. viciae-fabae pathotypes using differential genotypes in Australia. This differential set will help identify and track the evolution of new virulence in pathogen population and will assist pyramiding of rust resistance genes.
Location: India
Location: Australia
No related grants have been discovered for Kedar Adhikari.