ORCID Profile
0000-0001-9726-9580
Current Organisation
The University of Auckland
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-05-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.14913
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-11-2015
Abstract: To assess whether antenatal exercise in overweight/obese women would improve maternal and perinatal outcomes. Two-arm parallel randomised controlled trial. Home-based intervention in Auckland, New Zealand. Pregnant women with body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2) . Participants were randomised to a 16-week moderate-intensity stationary cycling programme from 20 weeks of gestation, or to a control group with no exercise intervention. Primary outcome was offspring birthweight. Perinatal and maternal outcomes were assessed, with the latter including weight gain, aerobic fitness, quality of life, pregnancy outcomes, and postnatal body composition. Exercise compliance was recorded with heart rate monitors. Seventy-five participants were randomised in the study (intervention 38, control 37). Offspring birthweight (adjusted mean difference 104 g P = 0.35) and perinatal outcomes were similar between groups. Aerobic fitness improved in the intervention group compared with controls (48.0-second improvement in test time to target heart rate P = 0.019). There was no difference in weight gain, quality of life, pregnancy outcomes or postnatal maternal body composition between groups. However, compliance with exercise protocol was poor, with an average of 33% of exercise sessions completed. Sensitivity analyses showed that greater compliance was associated with improved fitness (increased test time (P = 0.002), greater VO2 peak (P = 0.015), and lower resting heart rate (P = 0.014)), reduced postnatal adiposity (reduced fat mass (P = 0.007) and body mass index (P = 0.035)) and better physical quality of life (P = 0.034). Maternal non-weight-bearing moderate-intensity exercise in pregnancy improved fitness but did not affect birthweight or clinical outcomes. Moderate-intensity exercise in overweight/obese pregnant women improved fitness but had no clinical effects.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-04-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-04-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-04-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-03-2016
DOI: 10.1038/SREP22518
Abstract: We performed a clinical trial on the effects of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) on muscle function and bone health of adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy. Forty participants (11.3–20.8 years) with mild to moderate cerebral palsy (GMFCS II–III) underwent 20-week WBVT on a vibration plate for 9 minutes/day 4 times/week at 20 Hz (without controls). Assessments included 6-minute walk test, whole-body DXA, lower leg pQCT scans, and muscle function (force plate). Twenty weeks of WBVT were associated with increased lean mass in the total body (+770 g p = 0.0003), trunk (+410 g p = 0.004), and lower limbs (+240 g p = 0.012). Bone mineral content increased in total body (+48 g p = 0.0001), lumbar spine (+2.7 g p = 0.0003), and lower limbs (+13 g p 0.0001). Similarly, bone mineral density increased in total body (+0.008 g/cm 2 p = 0.013), lumbar spine (+0.014 g/cm 2 p = 0.003), and lower limbs (+0.023 g/cm 2 p 0.0001). Participants reduced the time taken to perform the chair test, and improved the distance walked in the 6-minute walk test by 11% and 35% for those with GMFCS II and III, respectively. WBVT was associated with increases in muscle mass and bone mass and density, and improved mobility of adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy.
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Date: 05-02-2009
DOI: 10.2337/DC08-2005
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and diastolic dysfunction, which may eventually lead to clinical heart failure. We sought to determine the cardiovascular effects of adolescent-onset type 2 diabetes. We recruited diabetic girls (8 with type 2 and 11 with type 1 diabetes) from a hospital diabetes service and nondiabetic control subjects (9 lean and 11 overweight) from the schools of the diabetic subjects. Echocardiography and measurements were performed by a single observer, blinded to subject group allocation, and included M-mode left ventricular dimensions, two-dimensional left ventricular mass, Doppler diastolic flows, estimation of left ventricular filling pressure, and systolic longitudinal motion. Left ventricular mass was indexed to height and fat-free body mass. ANOVA was used to compare the groups. The groups were similar in age and height, but significant differences in body composition were observed. Subjects with type 2 diabetes had larger left ventricular dimensions and left ventricular mass, which persisted when indexed to height. Diastolic filling was impaired in both diabetic groups, and systolic longitudinal function was lower in the type 2 diabetic group. Half of the group with type 2 diabetes met the published criteria for LVH and left ventricular dilatation 25% had evidence of elevated left ventricular filling pressure in association with structural abnormalities. This study has demonstrated preclinical abnormalities of cardiac structure and function in adolescent girls with type 2 diabetes, despite the short duration of diabetes and highlights the potential high cardiovascular risk occurring in adolescent type 2 diabetes.
No related grants have been discovered for Silmara Gusso.