ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8714-7264
Current Organisation
University of Adelaide
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-03-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S13643-022-01913-8
Abstract: Indigenous populations globally experience worse oral health than their non-Indigenous counterpart. Globally, the occurrence of periodontal diseases such as gingivitis and chronic periodontitis is high among Indigenous people. This systematic review aims to quantify, at a global level, the prevalence of periodontal disease among Indigenous populations compared to non-Indigenous populations. This review will only consider studies that have reported the prevalence (%) of periodontal disease among Indigenous and compared against non-Indigenous populations. Studies that have no comparative population or data only on one particular population or lack of data on periodontal clinical assessment will be excluded. An electronic search will be conducted using keywords and appropriate MeSH terms across several databases capturing both published and unpublished articles. The search will be conducted from the time of database inception to February 2021. After the initial search, duplicates will be removed, and the remaining titles and abstracts will be assessed for eligibility. The full text of eligible studies will be assessed by two independent reviewers who will also complete the critical appraisals and data extraction. Outcomes measures would be the mean prevalence (%) and standard deviation of periodontal disease among Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. From the selected studies, we will conduct a random-effects meta-analysis using standardized mean difference as the effect measure. Forest plots will be used for the visualization of differences in the prevalence of periodontitis. A subgroup analysis will be conducted based on the definition of periodontitis, age, publication type, and geographical location. Heterogeneity among studies will be assessed by I 2 and chi-square test. Egger’s test and funnel plots will be used to assess publication bias. Our systematic review and meta-analysis will facilitate an increased understanding of the magnitude of periodontal disease inequalities that exist globally for Indigenous populations through pooled prevalence estimates. The findings will be helpful to design selective targeted preventive and interventional strategies for periodontal disease for reducing oral health inequalities at a global level. PROSPERO CRD42020188531
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-01-2022
Abstract: Though current evidence suggests that racial–ethnic inequities in dental caries persist over time and across space, their magnitude is currently unknown from a global perspective. This systematic review aims to quantify the magnitude of racial/ethnic inequities in dental caries and to deconstruct the different taxonomies/concepts/methods used for racial/ethnic categorization across different populations/nations. This review has been registered in PROSPERO CRD42021282771. An electronic search of all relevant databases will be conducted until December 2021 for both published and unpublished literature. Studies will be eligible if they include data on the prevalence or severity of dental caries assessed by the decayed, missing, filled teeth index (DMFT), according to indicators of race-ethnicity. A narrative synthesis of included studies and a random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted. Forest plots will be constructed to assess the difference in effect size for the occurrence of dental caries. Study quality will be determined via the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the GRADE approach will be used for assessing the quality of evidence. This systematic review will enhance knowledge of the magnitude of racial/ethnic inequities in dental caries globally by providing important benchmark data on which to base interventions to mitigate the problem and to visualize the effects of racism on oral health.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-12-2022
DOI: 10.1111/CDOE.12831
Abstract: The first steps towards gender equity in science are measuring the magnitude of inequity and increasing awareness of the problem. To describe trends in gender disparities in first and last authorship in the most cited dental publications and general dental literature over a 20‐year period. Articles and bibliometric data were retrieved from the Scopus database for the period 1996 to 2015. Two groups of 1000 articles each were retrieved: a random s le and another s le of top‐cited articles for each year. The gender of the first and last author of each publication was manually identified. When this was not possible, we used an online software platform ( genderize.io/ ). Descriptive analyses identified the proportion of women first and last authors in both s les, stratifying by dental discipline and geographic region. Trends were ascertained by frequency metrics across years. Gender disparity was observed in both first and last authorship, with a larger gap being observed in the top‐cited s le. Women led 28.4% and 20.3% of articles in the random and top‐cited s les, respectively. A similar pattern was observed for the last authorship group (22.1% and 16.1%, respectively). An increasing trend in the proportion of articles led by women over time was observed in both s les. This increase was larger in the top‐cited s le (from 15.0% in 1996–2000 to 25.1% in 2015) than in the random s le (from 26.3% in 1996–2000 to 33.2% in 2011). Clear gender disparities in dental research publications in the last 20 years were identified in both general and top‐cited manuscripts, across dental disciplines, across countries, across first and last authorship, and over time. It is paramount that actions are taken to attract, retain and promote women in science, as well as to monitor and ensure progress towards gender equity.
Publisher: Korean Academy of Periodontology
Date: 2014
Publisher: College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan
Date: 26-02-2018
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 29-11-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0260433
Abstract: Oral microbiome transplantation (OMT) is a novel concept of introducing health-associated oral microbiota into the oral cavity of a diseased patient. The premise is to reverse the state of oral dysbiosis, and restore the ecological balance to maintain a stable homeostasis with the host immune system. This study will assess the effectiveness, feasibility, and safety of OMT using an interdisciplinary approach. To find donors suitable for microbial transplantation, supragingival plaque s les will be collected from 600 healthy participants. Each s le (200μL) will subsequently be examined in two ways: 1) 100μL of the s le will undergo high-throughput 16S rRNA gene licon sequencing and shotgun sequencing to identify the composition and characterisation of a healthy supragingival microbiome, 2) the remaining 100μL of the plaque s le will be mixed with 25% artificial saliva medium and inoculated into a specialised in-vitro flow cell model containing a hydroxyapatite disk. To obtain sufficient donor plaque, the s les would be grown for 14 days and further analysed microscopically and sequenced to examine and confirm the growth and survival of the microbiota. S les with the healthiest microbiota would then be incorporated in a hydrogel delivery vehicle to enable transplantation of the donor oral microbiota. The third step would be to test the effectiveness of OMT in caries and periodontitis animal models for efficacy and safety for the treatment of oral diseases. If OMTs are found to be successful, it can form a new treatment method for common oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis. OMTs may have the potential to modulate the oral microbiota and shift the ecological imbalances to a healthier state.
Publisher: JCDR Research and Publications
Date: 2017
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-08-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MICROORGANISMS10081582
Abstract: Our systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of periodontal interventions on the ersity and composition of periodontal microbiota assessed by high throughput sequencing (HTS) metagenomics analysis. An electronic search was conducted from database inception to November 2021. All clinical trials that evaluated the effect of periodontal interventions on the gingival microbiota through HTS were selected. The measures of alpha ersity, richness, Shannon ersity index, and the Chao1 index, were used as the primary outcome, whereas relative abundances of bacterial genera were considered as the secondary outcome. Overall, 24 studies were eligible for the systematic review, of which 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Periodontal intervention for the test group decreased Shannon ersity, richness, and Chao1 index (alpha ersity), as observed from baseline to post-treatment. The most common genera that increased after periodontal therapy were Rothia, Actinomyces, Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Hemophilus, whilst Porphyromonas, Tannerella, Fusobacterium, and Treponema decreased after periodontal therapy. Periodontal interventions may decrease the bacterial ersity and richness and alter the composition of oral microbiota in the short term. Periodontal microbiota signatures could potentially be used for the assessment of periodontal disease development, progression, and success of the intervention.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-05-2014
DOI: 10.1111/ADJ.12178
Abstract: Fibrin sealant (FS) is a biologically derived tissue adhesive for securing flaps. The aim of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare early wound healing by assessing interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) after using FS and suture for periodontal flap closure. Thirty selected quadrants in 15 periodontitis patients were randomly assigned to either a test (fibrining) or control group (suturing) for flap closure. IL-1β and IL-8 were assessed in GCF using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and eight days after surgery. Patients were recalled at 7, 14, 21 days and 3 months after surgery for clinical assessment. There was a statistically significant decrease in IL-1β (84.82 ± 77.18, 29.2 ± 21.97 pg/μl) and IL-8 (57.94 ± 55.47, 21.82 ± 21.93 pg/μl) levels in the test side after fibrining while there was an increase in the control side (IL-1β 31.40 ± 16.82, 128.8 ± 45.14 IL-8 31.40 ± 16.82, 128.83 ± 45.14 pg/μl) (p < 0.05). The change in concentration of IL-1β and IL-8 following intervention correlated significantly in both the sites. Clinical parameters differed significantly only on the seventh day with less plaque and bleeding on the test sites. Fibrin sealant enhances early wound healing by reducing inflammation after periodontal flap surgery.
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2015
Abstract: Use of smokeless tobacco in the form of moist snuff placed in the oral cavity is popular in rural India. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to determine the effect of snuff on periodontitis by assessing interleukin (IL)-1 β and IL-8 levels in gingival crevicular fluid. A total of 60 subjects were selected for this study. 40 subjects presented with periodontitis, which included 20 snuff users (SP) and 20 nonsnuff users (NS). 20 periodontally healthy patients formed the controls (healthy control: HC). The clinical parameters recorded were gingival index (GI), plaque index, calculus index, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), recession (RC), and clinical attachment level (CAL). The IL-1 β and IL-8 levels were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Quantikine(®)). Analysis of variance (ANOVA), post-hoc Tukey's, Kruskal-Walli's ANOVA and Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison among groups and P > 0.05 was considered statistically significant. No significant difference was seen in levels of IL-1 β and IL-8 between SP and NS groups (P = 0.16, 0.97). However, both the periodontitis groups (SP and NS) had increased IL-β levels when compared to HC group (P = 0.01, 0.001). The snuff users showed significant increase in GI, BOP, RC, and CAL when compared with NS (P = 0.002, 0.001, 0.012, 0.002) whereas NS group had significant increase in PD (P = 0.003). Within the limitations of this study, use of snuff does not affect the host inflammatory response associated with periodontitis and leads to RC and increased CAL due to local irritant effect.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-10-2022
DOI: 10.1111/JRE.12942
Abstract: The prevalence of periodontal disease varies considerably between Indigenous and general populations. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the global prevalence of periodontal disease among Indigenous populations in comparison with non-Indigenous populations. A systematic electronic search of databases and grey literature sources was conducted of all records through to February 2021. Study selection criteria included original data that reported the prevalence of periodontal diseases among an Indigenous population and compared with a non-Indigenous population, without any restriction on age, sex, language or geographical location. Critical appraisal was conducted with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool for prevalence studies. A random-effects model using standardised mean difference (SMD) as the effect measure was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of periodontitis. Subgroup analysis of study location and publication source was also performed. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test, and funnel plots were used for visualisation. A total of 19 articles were included for descriptive and meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of periodontitis was 35% (95% CI: 0.18, 0.52) higher among the Indigenous population than the non-Indigenous population. The pooled prevalence of periodontitis was consistently higher among the Indigenous populations when stratified according to periodontitis definition employed, study location and publication source. Indigenous populations have a higher prevalence of periodontitis than non-Indigenous populations. To decrease oral health inequities, more emphasis should be given to oral health promotion and specific culturally safe interventions working in partnership with Indigenous populations.
Publisher: Korean Academy of Periodontology
Date: 2014
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2012
Abstract: Periodontitis is a potential risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes due to the presence of a subgingival load of pathogenic bacteria. Instrumentation of periodontal pockets during treatment may result in bacteremia and/or endotoxemia. The aim of this pilot clinical trial was to determine the immediate post-scaling and root planing (SRP) level of circulating endotoxin in females presenting with chronic periodontitis. A before-and-after pilot clinical trial among rural women of low socioeconomic status attending the outpatient department (OPD) for periodontitis. Twenty-four women aged 25-35 years, with at least five teeth having probing depth (PD) ≥ 5 mm, were selected for the study. The clinical trial was ided into three phases: phase 0 (screening), phase I (just before scaling), and phase II (15 min after scaling). Phase 0, one day prior to SRP, was used to assess the eligibility of the patients and record the periodontal status. Endotoxin levels were assessed by a semiquantitative gel-clot assay, the limulus amoebocyte lysate (Lonza®), at phase I and phase II. The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. There was significant increase of endotoxins levels (P<.05) immediately after scaling (15 min). SRP can lead to endotoxemia, possibly by release of endotoxins by bacteria of periodontal origin, into the systemic circulation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-07-2015
DOI: 10.1111/ADJ.12340
Abstract: Curcumin has anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to compare interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 (CCL28) levels following a topical application of curcumin (CRM), chlorhexidine (CHX) and chlorhexidine-metronidazole (CHX-MTZ) in an experimental gingivitis human model. Sixty systemically healthy selected subjects were randomly assigned to one of three topical antigingivitis gels. Each gel was applied twice daily for 10 minutes as the sole method of oral hygiene for 29 days on the test quadrant only. Modified gingival index (MGI), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing depth (PD) were assessed at baseline, 29 days and 60 days. Estimation of IL-1β and CCL28 levels in gingival crevicular fluid was done at baseline and at 29 days. The increase of IL-1β in the CRM (14.52 ± 16.6 pg/ml) and CHX-MTZ (31.63 ± 15.96) groups was significantly less than that of the CHX group (70.55 ± 38.81). Similar results were also observed for CCL28 (CRM: 8.12 ± 8.78 pg/ml CHX-MTZ: 12.81 ± 18.68 CHX: 41.15 ± 22.82). All groups had a significant increase in MGI, PI and BOP at 29 days. The anti-inflammatory potential of topical curcumin was similar to CHX-MTZ but superior to CHX in affecting IL-1β and CCL28 levels.
Publisher: Korean Academy of Periodontology
Date: 2013
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-02-2023
Abstract: Background: Indigenous South Australians carry a disproportionate burden of dental diseases, with approximately 80 percent of Indigenous adults having both periodontal disease and dental caries. The chronic inflammatory nature of many dental conditions means there are widespread systemic impacts, particularly on type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests there are barriers experienced by Indigenous South Australians in accessing timely and culturally safe dental care. This study aims to: (1) elicit the views of Indigenous South Australians regarding their perspectives of what comprises culturally safe dental care (2) provide such dental care and (3) assess any changes in both oral and general health using point-of-care testing following receipt of timely, comprehensive and culturally safe dental care. Methods/Design: This mixed-methods study will involve qualitative interviews and an intervention without randomisation. The qualitative component will comprise seeking perspectives of Indigenous South Australians regarding what culturally safe dental care means for them. For the intervention component, participants will take part in oral epidemiological examinations at baseline and 12-month follow-up (after receipt of dental care), which will include collection of saliva, plaque and calculus, as well as completion of a self-report questionnaire. The primary outcome measures—changes in type 2 diabetes (HbA1c), cardiovascular disease (CRP) and chronic kidney disease (ACR)—will be obtained by blood/urine spot from a finger prick/urine collection at baseline and 12-month follow-up via point-of-care testing. Results: Participant recruitment will commence in July 2022. The first results are expected to be submitted for publication one year after recruitment begins. Discussion: The project will have a number of important outcomes, including increased understanding of what culturally safe dental care means for Indigenous South Australians, the delivery of such care, and empirical evidence of how culturally safe dental care leads to better prognosis for chronic diseases linked with poor oral health. This will be important for health services planning, especially in the Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation sector, where the management of dental diseases in a culturally safe manner for better chronic disease outcomes is currently insufficiently understood, planned and budgeted for.
No related grants have been discovered for Sonia Nath.