ORCID Profile
0000-0002-3565-1052
Current Organisation
National Institutes of Health
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.AJIC.2016.12.006
Abstract: Clostridium difficile is the principal cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to describe and compare length of stay (LOS), costs, and in-hospital deaths for C difficile infection (CDI) and non-CDI hospitalizations, in a cohort of middle-aged and older Australians. We used survey data from the 45 and Up Study, linked to hospitalization and death data. We calculated the average LOS and costs per hospitalization, and the proportion of in-hospital deaths for CDI and non-CDI hospitalizations. We then compared hospitalizations with CDI as a secondary diagnosis to non-CDI hospitalizations by stratifying hospitalizations based on principal diagnosis and then using generalized linear models to compare LOS and in-hospital costs, and logistic regression for in-hospital deaths, adjusting for age and sex. There were 641 CDI hospitalizations during 2006-2012. The average LOS was 17 days the average cost per hospitalization was AUD 12,704 and in 7.3% of admissions (47 out of 641) the patient died. After adjusting for age and sex, hospitalizations with CDI were associated with longer LOS, higher costs, and a greater proportion of in-hospital deaths compared with hospitalizations with similar principal diagnosis but without CDI. CDI places additional burden on the Australian hospital system, with CDI patients having relatively lengthy hospital stays and high costs.
Publisher: American College of Physicians
Date: 13-11-2019
DOI: 10.7326/M18-2415
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 16-05-2018
DOI: 10.1093/CID/CIY423
Abstract: Periodic mass distribution of benzimidazole anthelminthic drugs is the key strategy to control soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) globally. However, benzimidazoles have low efficacy against Trichuris trichiura, and there are concerns about benzimidazole resistance potentially emerging in humans. Therefore, identifying alternative drug regimens is a pressing priority. We present a systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of 21 different anthelminthic drug regimens, including standard, novel, and combination treatments. We searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases and identified studies comparing anthelminthic treatments to each other or placebo. The outcomes calculated were relative risk (RR) of cure and difference in egg reduction rates (dERR). We used an automated generalized pairwise modeling framework to generate mixed treatment effects against a common comparator, the current standard treatment (single-dose albendazole). Our search identified 4876 studies, of which 114 were included in the meta-analysis. Results identified several drug combinations with higher efficacy than single-dose albendazole for T. trichiura, including albendazole-ivermectin (RR of cure, 3.22 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.84-5.63] dERR, 0.97 [95% CI, .21-1.74]), albendazole-oxantel pamoate (RR, 5.07 [95% CI, 1.65-15.59] dERR, 0.51 [95% CI, .50-.52]), mebendazole-ivermectin (RR, 3.37 [95% CI, 2.20-5.16]), and tribendimidine-oxantel pamoate (RR, 4.06 [95% CI, 1.30-12.64]). There are several promising drug combinations that may enhance the impact of STH control programs on T. trichiura, without compromising efficacy against Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm. We suggest further, large-scale trials of these drug combinations and consideration of their use in STH control programs where T. trichiura is present. CRD42016050739.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 03-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.22534622
Abstract: Table S1 shows the information of Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trials Table S2 shows the correlation between sex hormones and SHBG Table S3-S6 show the ORs by age, alcohol drinking, smoking, follow-up time subgroups Table S7 shows that the ORs in General Population Trial.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 08-2023
DOI: 10.1001/JAMAINTERNMED.2023.2509
Abstract: Although deaths due to external causes are a leading cause of mortality in the US, trends over time by intent and demographic characteristics remain poorly understood. To examine national trends in mortality rates due to external causes from 1999 to 2020 by intent (homicide, suicide, unintentional, and undetermined) and demographic characteristics. External causes were defined as poisonings (eg, drug overdose), firearms, and all other injuries, including motor vehicle injuries and falls. Given the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic, US death rates for 2019 and 2020 were also compared. Serial cross-sectional study using national death certificate data obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics and including all external causes of 3 813 894 deaths among in iduals aged 20 years or older from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2020. Data analysis was conducted from January 20, 2022, to February 5, 2023. Age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Trends in age-standardized mortality rates and average annual percentage change (AAPC) in rates calculated by intent (suicide, homicide, unintentional, and undetermined), age, sex, and race and ethnicity for each external cause. Between 1999 and 2020, there were 3 813 894 deaths due to external causes in the US. From 1999 to 2020, poisoning death rates increased annually (AAPC, 7.0% 95% CI, 5.4%-8.7%). From 2014 to 2020, poisoning death rates increased the most among men (APC, 10.8% 95% CI, 7.7%-14.0%). During the study period, poisoning death rates increased in all the racial and ethnic groups examined the most rapid increase was among American Indian and Alaska Native in iduals (AAPC, 9.2% 95% CI, 7.4%-10.9%). During the study period, death rates for unintentional poisoning had the most rapid rate of increase (AAPC, 8.1% 95% CI, 7.4%-8.9%). From 1999 to 2020, firearm death rates increased (AAPC, 1.1% 95% CI, 0.7%-1.5%). From 2013 to 2020, firearm mortality increased by an average of 4.7% annually (95% CI, 2.9%-6.5%) among in iduals aged 20 to 39 years. From 2014 to 2020, mortality from firearm homicides increased by an average of 6.9% annually (95% CI, 3.5%-10.4%). From 2019 to 2020, mortality rates from external causes accelerated further, largely from increases in unintentional poisoning, and homicide due to firearms and all other injuries. Results of this cross-sectional study suggest that from 1999 to 2020, death rates due to poisonings, firearms, and all other injuries increased substantially in the US. The rapid increase in deaths due to unintentional poisonings and firearm homicides is a national emergency that requires urgent public health interventions at the local and national levels.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-05-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12885-021-08334-1
Abstract: Blood type has been associated with the risk of gastric cancer, but few studies have examined the association with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We conducted a case-control study using genotyping data of Chinese in iduals, including cases of 2022 ESCC, 1189 gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, 1161 gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma, and 2696 controls. Genetic blood type was imputed using three single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used logistic regression to examine the association between blood type and the risk of each cancer. Compared to blood type O, the risk of ESCC was significantly elevated for blood type B and AB, with the highest risk for type AB (OR, 95%CI: 1.34, 1.07–1.67). Analysis of genotype suggested that the association of ESCC was from carrying the B allele. Similarly, blood type was significantly associated with gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma ( P 0.001) with risk significantly elevated in type A (1.37, 1.14–1.65) and AB (1.44, 1.10–1.89) compared to type O. Blood type was not associated with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma ( P = 0.13). This study provides novel insights into the association between blood type and the risk of ESCC and restricted previously observed association to only gastric noncardia cancer, providing important evidence to clarify the pattern of association and suggesting mechanisms of action.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 03-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.C.6547580.V1
Abstract: Abstract Gastric cancer shows a strong male predominance, and sex steroid hormones have been hypothesized to explain this sex disparity. Previous studies examining the associations between sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and risk of gastric cancer come primarily from western populations and additional studies in erse populations will help us better understand the association. We performed a nested case–control study in Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trials cohorts to evaluate the associations among Chinese men, where we had sufficient cases to perform a well-powered study. Using radioimmunoassays and immunoassays, we quantitated androgens, estrogens, and SHBG in baseline serum from 328 men that developed noncardia gastric cancer and matched controls. We used multivariable unconditional logistic regression to calculate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and explored interactions with body mass index (BMI), age, alcohol drinking, smoking, and follow-up time. Subjects with SHBG in the highest quartile, as compared with those in the lowest quartile, had a significantly increased risk of gastric cancer (OR = 1.87 95% CI, 1.01–3.44). We found some evidence for associations of sex steroid hormones in men with lower BMI. Our study found a novel association suggesting that higher serum concentrations of SHBG may be associated with risk of gastric cancer in men. We found no overall associations with sex hormones themselves, but future studies should expand the scope of these studies to include women and further explore whether BMI modifies a potential association. Prevention Relevance: It was the first study to investigate the association of gastric cancer with prediagnostic sex steroid hormones and SHBG in an Asian male population. Although there were no overall associations for sex steroid hormone concentrations, higher concentrations of SHBG was associated with increased risk of noncardia gastric cancer. /
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 03-12-2018
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 17-07-2014
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-12-2021
Abstract: In response to the US opioid epidemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updated their guideline on prescription opioids for chronic pain management in March 2016. The aim of this study was to provide detailed analysis of trends in opioid claims among cancer patients in the United States during 2013-2018. We analyzed pharmaceutical dispensing data from Symphony Health’s Integrated Dataverse database, which covers approximately 80% of the US population. We examined annual trends in dispensed opioids in cancer patients during 2013-2018. We examined quarterly trends of the prevalence, mean number of days, and dose (stated as morphine milligram equivalents) of opioid dispensing in cancer patients. Dispensing records of an average of over 3.7 million cancer patients contributed to the study annually in 2013-2018. The annual prevalence of opioid dispensing claims declined from 40.2% in 2013 to 34.5% in 2018. Annual declines occurred across cancer sites, and particularly among patients with metastatic cancer (decline of 19.8%), breast cancer (18.2%), and lung cancer (13.8%). By quarter, the prevalence of opioid claims declined statistically significantly from 26.6% in Q1 2013 to 21.2% in Q4 2018 this decline was more pronounced after Q3 2016 (2-sided P = .004). Both quarterly trends in mean days and morphine milligram equivalents of opioids supplied showed a gradual decline from 2013 to 2018, with a slightly larger decline after 2016. We observed a decline in opioid use among cancer patients, particularly after 2016, coinciding with the publication of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s guideline on prescription opioids for chronic pain management.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-04-2023
DOI: 10.1093/JNCI/DJAD069
Abstract: Starting in 2018, national death certificates included a new racial classification system that accounts for multiple-race decedents and separates Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) in iduals from Asian in iduals. We estimated cancer death rates across updated racial and ethnic categories, sex, and age. Age-standardized US cancer mortality rates and rate ratios from 2018 to 2020 among in iduals aged 20 years and older were estimated with national death certificate data by race and ethnicity, sex, age, and cancer site. In 2018, there were approximately 597 000 cancer deaths, 598 000 in 2019, and 601 000 in 2020. Among men, cancer death rates were highest in Black men (298.2 per 100 000 n = 105 632), followed by White (250.8 n = 736 319), American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN 249.2 n = 3376), NHPI (205.6 n = 1080), Latino (177.2 n = 66 167), and Asian (147.9 n = 26 591) men. Among women, Black women had the highest cancer death rates (206.5 per 100 000 n = 104 437), followed by NHPI (192.1 n = 1141), AI/AN (189.9 n = 3239), White (183.0 n = 646 865), Latina (128.4 n = 61 579), and Asian (111.4 n = 26 396) women. The highest death rates by age group occurred among NHPI in iduals aged 20-49 years and Black in iduals aged 50-69 and 70 years and older. Asian in iduals had the lowest cancer death rates across age groups. Compared with Asian in iduals, total cancer death rates were 39% higher in NHPI men and 73% higher in NHPI women. There were striking racial and ethnic disparities in cancer death rates during 2018-2020. Separating NHPI and Asian in iduals revealed large differences in cancer mortality between 2 groups that were previously combined in vital statistics data.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 29-11-2022
Abstract: Disparities in cardiovascular disease mortality among breast cancer survivors are documented, but geographic factors by county-level socioeconomic status (SES) and rurality are not well described. We analyzed 724 518 women diagnosed with localized or regional stage breast cancer between 2000 and 2017 within Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program-18 with follow-up until 2018. We calculated relative risks (RRs) of cardiovascular disease mortality using Poisson regression, accounting for age- and race-specific rates in the general population, according to county-level quintiles of SES (measured by Yost index), median income, and rurality at breast cancer diagnosis. We also calculated 10-year cumulative mortality risk of cardiovascular disease accounting for competing risks. Cardiovascular disease mortality was 41% higher among breast cancer survivors living in the lowest SES (RR = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36 to 1.46, Ptrend & .001) and poorest (RR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.36 to 1.47, Ptrend & .001) counties compared with the highest SES and wealthiest counties, and 24% higher for most rural relative to most urban counties (RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.30, Ptrend & .001). Disparities for the lowest SES relative to highest SES counties were greatest among younger women aged 18-49 years (RR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.90 to 2.83) and aged 50-59 years (RR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.77 to 2.28) and within the first 5 years of breast cancer diagnosis (RR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.44 to 1.64). In absolute terms, however, disparities were widest for women aged 60+ years, with approximately 2% higher 10-year cumulative cardiovascular disease mortality risk in the poorest compared with wealthiest counties. Geographic factors at breast cancer diagnosis were associated with increased cardiovascular disease mortality risk. Studies with in idual- and county-level information are needed to inform public health interventions and reduce disparities among breast cancer survivors.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 26-10-2017
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268816002260
Abstract: Clostridium difficile is the principal cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospitalized patients. We investigated the incidence and risk factors for hospitalization due to C. difficile infection (CDI) in older Australians. We linked data from a population-based prospective cohort study (the 45 and Up Study) of 266 922 adults aged ⩾45 years recruited in New South Wales, Australia to hospitalization and death records for 2006–2012. We estimated the incidence of CDI hospitalization and calculated days in hospital and costs per hospitalization. We also estimated hazard ratios (HR) for CDI hospitalization using Cox regression with age as the underlying time variable. Over a total follow-up of 1 126 708 person-years, 187 adults had an incident CDI hospitalization. The crude incidence of CDI hospitalization was 16·6/100 000 person-years, with a median hospital stay of 6 days, and a median cost of AUD 6102 per admission. Incidence increased with age and year of follow-up, with a threefold increase for 2009–2012. After adjustment, CDI hospitalization rates were significantly lower in males than females (adjusted HR 0·6, 95% confidence interval 0·4–0·7). CDI hospitalization rates increased significantly over 2009–2012. There is a need to better understand the increasing risk of CDI hospitalization in women.
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 12-02-2020
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 15-06-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PGPH.0000135
Abstract: Esophageal cancer is the second commonest cancer in Malawi, and 95% of all cases are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Very little is known about the epidemiology of ESCC in Malawi including risk factors. The main objective of the study was to evaluate and describe risk factors of ESCC in Malawi. We conducted a case-control study from 2017 to 2020 at two hospitals in Lilongwe, Malawi and consenting adults were eligible for inclusion. Endoscopy was conducted on all cases and biopsies were obtained for histological confirmation. Controls were selected from patients or their guardians in orthopedic, dental and ophthalmology wards and they were frequency matched by sex, age, and region of origin to cases. An electronic structured questionnaire was delivered by a trained interviewer. Multivariate conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between subject characteristics, habits, and medical history and risk of ESCC. During the study period, 300 cases and 300 controls were enrolled into the study. Median age of cases and controls was 56 years and 62% of the cases were male. Among cases, 30% were ever cigarette smokers as were 22% of controls. Smoking cigarettes had an adjusted odds ratio of 2.4 (95% CI 1.4–4.2 p = 0.003). HIV+ status was present in 11% of cases and 4% controls, which resulted in an adjusted odds ratio was 4.0 (95% CI 1.8–9.0 p = 0.001). Drinking hot tea was associated with an adjusted odd ratio of 2.9 (95% CI 1.3–6.3 p = 0.007). Mold on stored grain has an adjusted odd ratio of 1.6 (95% CI 1.1–2.5 p = 0.021). Reducing smoking cigarettes, consumption of scalding hot tea, and consumption of contaminated grain, could potentially help reduce the burden of ESCC in Malawi. Further investigation of the association between HIV status and ESCC are warranted.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 25-03-2021
DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0497
Abstract: It was the first study to investigate the association of gastric cancer with prediagnostic sex steroid hormones and SHBG in an Asian male population. Although there were no overall associations for sex steroid hormone concentrations, higher concentrations of SHBG was associated with increased risk of noncardia gastric cancer.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-04-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S00127-019-01712-Y
Abstract: We know little about how community structures influence the risk of common mental illnesses. This study presents a new way to establish links between depression and social fragmentation, thereby identifying pathways to better target mental health services and prevention programs to the right people in the right place. A principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted to develop the proposed Australian neighborhood social fragmentation index (ANSFI). General practice clinical data were used to identify cases of diagnosed depression. The association between ANSFI and depression was explored using multilevel logistic regression. Spatial hot spots (clusters) of depression prevalence and social fragmentation at the statistical area level 1 (SA1) were examined. Two components of social fragmentation emerged, reflecting fragmentation related to family structure and mobility. In iduals treated for depression in primary care were more likely to live in neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic status and with higher social fragmentation related to family structure. A 1-SD increase in social fragmentation was associated with a 16% higher depression prevalence (95% CI 11%, 20%). However, the association attenuated with adjustment for neighborhood socio-economic status. Considerable spatial variation in social fragmentation and depression patterns across communities was observed. Developing a social fragmentation index for the first time in Australia at a small area level generates a new line of knowledge on the impact of community structures on health risks. Findings may extend our understanding of the mechanisms that drive geographical variation in the incidence of common mental disorders and mental health care.
Publisher: The Australian National University
Date: 2017
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-10-2014
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268813002471
Abstract: We used a national survey of 7578 randomly selected respondents in 2008–2009 to identify the period prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) by season and state, and to estimate the incidence of ARI in the Australian community. A case was defined as any episode of cold or flu with at least one of the following symptoms: fever, chills, sore throat, running nose, or cough in the past 4 weeks. Frequency data were weighted to the Australian population. The response rate to the survey was 49%, and 19·9% (1505/7578) of respondents reported an ARI in the previous 4 weeks, which extrapolated to 68·9 million cases [95% confidence interval (CI) 65·1–72·7] of ARI in Australia annually. The incidence was 3·2 (95% CI 3·0–3·4) cases of ARI erson per year, and was highest in young children and lowest in older people. ARI imposes a significant burden on Australian society.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-02-2017
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 21-02-2020
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 11-09-2020
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 29-08-2019
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1001/JAMAONCOL.2022.1472
Abstract: Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality in the US. Despite national decreases in cancer mortality, Black in iduals continue to have the highest cancer death rates. To examine national trends in cancer mortality from 1999 to 2019 among Black in iduals by demographic characteristics and to compare cancer death rates in 2019 among Black in iduals with rates in other racial and ethnic groups. This serial cross-sectional study used US national death certificate data obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics and included all cancer deaths among in iduals aged 20 years or older from January 1999 to December 2019. Data were analyzed from June 2021 to January 2022. Age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Trends in age-standardized mortality rates and average annual percent change (AAPC) in rates were estimated by cancer type, age, sex, and race and ethnicity. From 1999 to 2019, 1 361 663 million deaths from cancer occurred among Black in iduals. The overall cancer death rate significantly decreased among Black men (AAPC, −2.6% 95% CI, −2.6% to −2.6%) and women (AAPC, −1.5% 95% CI, −1.7% to −1.3%). Death rates decreased for most cancer types, with the greatest decreases observed for lung cancer among men (AAPC, −3.8% 95% CI, −4.0% to −3.6%) and stomach cancer among women (AAPC, −3.4% 95% CI, −3.6% to −3.2%). Lung cancer mortality also had the largest absolute decreases among men (−78.5 per 100 000 population) and women (−19.5 per 100 000 population). We observed a significant increase in deaths from liver cancer among men (AAPC, 3.8% 95% CI, 3.0%-4.6%) and women (AAPC, 1.8% 95% CI, 1.2%-2.3%) aged 65 to 79 years. There was also an increasing trend in uterus cancer mortality among women aged 35 to 49 years (2.9% 95% CI, 2.3% to 2.6%), 50 to 64 years (2.3% 95% CI, 2.0% to 2.6%), and 65 to 79 years (1.6% 95% CI, 1.2% to 2.0%). In 2019, Black men and women had the highest cancer mortality rates compared with non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, and White in iduals and Hispanic/Latino in iduals. In this cross-sectional study, there were substantial decreases in cancer death rates among Black in iduals from 1999 to 2019, but higher cancer death rates among Black men and women compared with other racial and ethnic groups persisted in 2019. Targeted interventions appear to be needed to eliminate social inequalities that contribute to Black in iduals having higher cancer mortality.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 14-06-2019
DOI: 10.1093/JNCI/DJZ123
Abstract: Disparities in cancer mortality by county-level income have increased. It is unclear whether these widening disparities have affected older and younger adults equally. National death certificate data were utilized to ascertain cancer deaths during 1999–2015. Average annual percent changes in mortality rates and mortality rate ratios (RRs) were estimated by county-level income quintile and age (25–64 vs ≥65 years). Among 25- to 64-year-olds, cancer mortality rates were 30% higher (RR = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29 to 1.31) in the lowest-vs the highest-income counties in 1999–2001 and 56% higher (RR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.55 to 1.57) in 2013–2015 the disparities among those 65 years and older were smaller but also widened over time (RR1999–2001 = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.05 RR2013–2015 = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.13 to 1.14). Widening disparities occurred across cancer sites. If all counties had the mortality rates of the highest-income counties, 21.5% of cancer deaths among 25- to 64-year-olds and 7.3% of cancer deaths in those 65 years and older would have been avoided in 2015. These results highlight an ongoing need for equity-focused interventions, particularly among younger adults.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 18-06-2022
DOI: 10.1093/HMG/DDAC123
Abstract: Although multiple common susceptibility loci for lung cancer (LC) have been identified by genome-wide association studies, they can explain only a small portion of heritability. The etiological contribution of rare deleterious variants (RDVs) to LC risk is not fully characterized and may account for part of the missing heritability. Here, we sequenced the whole exomes of 2777 participants from the Environment and Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology study, a homogenous population including 1461 LC cases and 1316 controls. In single-variant analyses, we identified a new RDV, rs77187983 [EHBP1, odds ratio (OR) = 3.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.34–7.30, P = 0.008] and replicated two previously reported RDVs, rs11571833 (BRCA2, OR = 2.18 95% CI = 1.25–3.81, P = 0.006) and rs752672077 (MPZL2, OR = 3.70, 95% CI = 1.04–13.15, P = 0.044). In gene-based analyses, we confirmed BRCA2 (P = 0.007) and ATM (P = 0.014) associations with LC risk and identified TRIB3 (P = 0.009), involved in maintaining genome stability and DNA repair, as a new candidate susceptibility gene. Furthermore, cases were enriched with RDVs in homologous recombination repair [carrier frequency (CF) = 22.9% versus 19.5%, P = 0.017] and Fanconi anemia (CF = 12.5% versus 10.2%, P = 0.036) pathways. Our results were not significant after multiple testing corrections but were enriched in cases versus controls from large scale public biobank resources, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, FinnGen and UK Biobank. Our study identifies novel candidate genes and highlights the importance of RDVs in DNA repair-related genes for LC susceptibility. These findings improve our understanding of LC heritability and may contribute to the development of risk stratification and prevention strategies.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 03-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.22534622.V1
Abstract: Table S1 shows the information of Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trials Table S2 shows the correlation between sex hormones and SHBG Table S3-S6 show the ORs by age, alcohol drinking, smoking, follow-up time subgroups Table S7 shows that the ORs in General Population Trial.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-03-2022
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 20-12-2016
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 12-2016
Abstract: Salmonella infection is one of the most common foodborne bacterial pathogens, and causes a significant health burden globally. We investigated the incidence and risk factors for notification and hospitalization due to Salmonella infection in older adults. We used the 45 and Up Study, a large-scale Australian prospective study of adults aged ≥45 years, with record linkage to multiple databases for the years 2006-2012 to estimate the incidence of notification and hospitalization for Salmonella infection and estimate hazard ratios using Cox regression. Over a total follow-up of 1,120,242 person-years, 333 adults had laboratory-confirmed Salmonella infection and 101 were hospitalized the notification and hospitalization incidence were 29.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26.9-33.3) and 9.0 (95% CI: 7.4-10.9) per 100,000 person-years, respectively. The risk of Salmonella infection notification did not differ by age, but risk of hospitalization increased with age. Elderly males had the highest risk of infection-related hospitalization. The risk of notification was higher for those living in rural or remote areas (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.2), those taking proton pump inhibitors (aHR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4-2.4), and those reporting chicken oultry intake at least seven times per week (aHR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3-7.9). Chicken consumption remains a significant risk factor for Salmonella infection, highlighting the importance of reducing contamination of poultry and improving food safety advice for older people.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-01-2019
DOI: 10.1093/CID/CIY1142
Abstract: The early detection of enteric infections in older adults is challenging because typical signs and symptoms of disease may be less common, absent, or overlooked. Understanding illness characteristics of enteric infections among older adults could improve the timeliness and accuracy of clinical diagnoses, thereby improving patient outcomes and increasing cases reported to surveillance. Here, we describe illness characteristics (percentage reporting bloody diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal pain percentage hospitalized duration of hospitalization and duration of illness) among older adults (≥65 years) with acute gastroenteritis and culture-confirmed C ylobacter and nontyphoidal Salmonella infections in Australia, Canada, and the United States and compare these characteristics with those among younger people ( years, 5–24 years, and 25–64 years). A significant negative correlation was found between all symptoms and increasing age group, except for bloody diarrhea in cases of acute gastroenteritis. Adults aged ≥85 years reported bloody diarrhea in only 9% of nontyphoidal Salmonella and 4% of C ylobacter infections compared with 59% and 55% among children aged years. Conversely, a greater percentage of older adults (≥65) than younger persons ( , 5–24, 25–64) reported being hospitalized, with an increasing linear relationship in age groups 65 years and older. Although older adults are more likely to have severe illness and be hospitalized, we found that the proportion of persons reporting symptoms typically associated with enteric infections decreases with age. These findings have implications for clinical recognition and treatment of gastrointestinal illness, as well as for public health research.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 22-06-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268815001375
Abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the healthcare usage and loss of productivity due to gastroenteritis in Australia using the National Gastroenteritis Survey II. In 2008–2009, 7578 participants across Australia were surveyed about infectious gastroenteritis by telephone interview. A gastroenteritis case was defined as a person experiencing ⩾3 loose stools and/or ⩾2 vomits in a 24-h period, excluding cases with a non-infectious cause for their symptoms, such as pregnancy or consumption of alcohol. Lost productivity was considered any lost time from full- or part-time paid work due to having gastroenteritis or caring for someone with the illness. Interference with other daily activities was also examined along with predictors of healthcare-seeking practices using multivariable regression. Results were weighted to obtain nationally representative estimates using Stata v. 13·1. Of the 341 cases, 52 visited a doctor due to gastroenteritis, 126 reported taking at least one medication for their symptoms and 79 cases reported missing ⩾1 days’ paid work due to gastroenteritis. Gastroenteritis results in a total of 13·1 million (95% confidence interval 6·7–19·5) days of missed paid work each year in Australia. The indirect costs of gastroenteritis are significant, particularly from lost productivity.
No related grants have been discovered for Yingxi Chen.