ORCID Profile
0000-0001-6853-7080
Current Organisations
UMR 7242 Biotechnology and Cell Signalling Team Neuroimmunology and Peptide Therapy
,
Université de Strasbourg
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Publications
Hypersusceptibility to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Infection in Dicer1-Deficient Mice Is Due to Impaired miR24 and miR93 Expression
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.IMMUNI.2007.05.014
Abstract: Dicer is essential for plant, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila antiviral responses because of its role in generating small interfering RNA (siRNA) from viral genomes. We show that because of impaired miRNA production, mice with a variant Dicer1 allele (Dicer1(d/d)) were more susceptible to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. We did not detect VSV genome-derived siRNA in wild-type cells or any alteration of interferon-mediated antiviral responses by Dicer1 deficiency. Rather, we found that host miR24 and miR93 could target viral large protein (L protein) and phosphoprotein (P protein) genes, and a lack of miR24 and miR93 was responsible for increased VSV replication in Dicer1(d/d) cells. Our data suggest that host miRNA can play a role in host interactions with viruses.
ENU-induced phenovariance in mice: inferences from 587 mutations
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-10-2012
Abstract: We present a compendium of N -ethyl- N -nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mouse mutations, identified in our laboratory over a period of 10 years either on the basis of phenotype or whole genome and/or whole exome sequencing, and archived in the Mutagenetix database. Our purpose is threefold: 1) to formally describe many point mutations, including those that were not previously disclosed in peer-reviewed publications 2) to assess the characteristics of these mutations and 3) to estimate the likelihood that a missense mutation induced by ENU will create a detectable phenotype. In the context of an ENU mutagenesis program for C57BL/6J mice, a total of 185 phenotypes were tracked to mutations in 129 genes. In addition, 402 incidental mutations were identified and predicted to affect 390 genes. As previously reported, ENU shows strand asymmetry in its induction of mutations, particularly favoring T to A rather than A to T in the sense strand of coding regions and splice junctions. Some amino acid substitutions are far more likely to be damaging than others, and some are far more likely to be observed. Indeed, from among a total of 494 non-synonymous coding mutations, ENU was observed to create only 114 of the 182 possible amino acid substitutions that single base changes can achieve. Based on differences in overt null allele frequencies observed in phenotypic vs. non-phenotypic mutation sets, we infer that ENU-induced missense mutations create detectable phenotype only about 1 in 4.7 times. While the remaining mutations may not be functionally neutral, they are, on average, beneath the limits of detection of the phenotypic assays we applied. Collectively, these mutations add to our understanding of the chemical specificity of ENU, the types of amino acid substitutions it creates, and its efficiency in causing phenovariance. Our data support the validity of computational algorithms for the prediction of damage caused by amino acid substitutions, and may lead to refined predictions as to whether specific amino acid changes are responsible for observed phenotypes. These data form the basis for closer in silico estimations of the number of genes mutated to a state of phenovariance by ENU within a population of G3 mice.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF HOST RESISTANCE: Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Immunity at Large
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Date: 04-2006
DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV.IMMUNOL.24.021605.090552
Abstract: Classical genetic methods, driven by phenotype rather than hypotheses, generally permit the identification of all proteins that serve nonredundant functions in a defined biological process. Long before this goal is achieved, and sometimes at the very outset, genetics may cut to the heart of a biological puzzle. So it was in the field of mammalian innate immunity. The positional cloning of a spontaneous mutation that caused lipopolysaccharide resistance and susceptibility to Gram-negative infection led directly to the understanding that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential sensors of microbial infection. Other mutations, induced by the random germ line mutagen ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea), have disclosed key molecules in the TLR signaling pathways and helped us to construct a reasonably sophisticated portrait of the afferent innate immune response. A still broader genetic screen—one that detects all mutations that compromise survival during infection—is permitting fresh insight into the number and types of proteins that mammals use to defend themselves against microbes.
Genetic analysis of innate resistance to mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV)
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1093/BFGP/4.3.203
Abstract: Innate immunity is inherited and is, therefore, particularly susceptible to analysis by classical genetic methods. The 'phenotype first' approach has already revealed the principal receptors of the innate immune system as well as several essential signalling intermediates. It has recently emerged that innate resistance to mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection depends upon a large number of host genes with non-redundant functions hence, random germline mutagenesis frequently causes susceptibility to this pathogen. Approximately one in 30 pedigrees derived from N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-mutagenised progenitors bears a recessive mutation that disrupts resistance to MCMV. Moreover, many of the genes required for resistance to MCMV will undoubtedly prove to have broad roles in immunity, creating resistance to many other microbes. The forward genetics approach offers an excellent opportunity to identify many of the key components of the innate immune system.
Pacific island nations face an urgent need for actions and future research on COVID-19
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Related Organisations
UMR 7242 Biotechnology And Cell Signalling Team Neuroimmunology And Peptide Therapy
Location: France
Related Funding Activities
No related grants have been discovered for philippe georgel.