ORCID Profile
0000-0001-9389-7870
Current Organisation
The University of Newcastle
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In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural) | Electrochemistry | Solid State Chemistry | Colloid And Surface Chemistry | Functional Materials | Materials Engineering | Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy | Industrial Chemistry | Free Radical Chemistry | Chemistry Of Catalysis | Analytical Spectrometry | Alloy Materials | Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified | Combustion And Fuel Engineering | Cellular Interactions (Incl. Adhesion, Matrix, Cell Wall) | Mineral Processing | Food Engineering | Interdisciplinary Engineering | Fermentation, Biotechnology And Industrial Microbiology | Organic Chemistry | Inorganic Chemistry | Solid State Chemistry | Chemical Engineering | Electrochemistry | Interdisciplinary Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Chemical Engineering Design | Materials Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Diagnostic Applications | Medical Biochemistry: Proteins and Peptides (incl. Medical Proteomics) | Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Condensed Matter; Superconductivity | Condensed Matter Imaging
Energy storage | Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Energy Storage (excl. Hydrogen) | Energy transformation not elsewhere classified | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in Engineering | Field crops | Reproductive System and Disorders | Concentrating processes of other base metal ores | Coal Mining and Extraction | Ceramics | Inorganic industrial chemicals | Renewable energy | Other | Processed food products and beverages not elsewhere classified | Scientific instrumentation | Industrial gases |
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1149/2.0811811JES
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1149/2.0931803JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-01-2020
Abstract: Electrochemical reduction of a molten Li 2 CO 3 −Na 2 CO 3 −K 2 CO 3 eutectic is used to produce highly amorphous carbon with considerable oxygen functionalization in a process focusing on the conversion of CO 2 to value‐added carbon. Electrochemical characterization of materials using multiple techniques in different electrolytes allowed for the optimization of these materials as electrochemical capacitor electrodes. Variation in capacitive performance of the investigated materials has been provided based on their physical characteristics. The synthesized carbons are hybrid materials, showing both pseudocapacitive and electric double layer contributions to the total performance. Annealing under nitrogen at 800 °C is shown to widen pores in the carbon material, resulting in an increase in medium scan rate (5–10 mV.s −1 ) capacitance. A stable specific capacitance of 425 F.g −1 is obtained at 5 mV s −1 in 0.5 M Na 2 SO 4 after 1000 cycles.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-10-2019
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-1994
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268800051736
Abstract: Between 1966 and 1991, melioidosis, a disease caused by Pseudomonas pseudomallei that is mostly confined to tropical regions, occurred in farm animals and a farmer in temperate south-west Western Australia. Using an Escherichia coli probe containing a ribosomal RNA operon, P. pseudomallei DNA from isolates from 8 animals, a soil s le and the human case showed an identical ribotype on Southern blotting. The ribotype was different from the 3 commonest ribotypes seen in tropical Australia. This molecular typing supports the theory of clonal introduction of P. pseudomallei into a non-endemic region, with environmental contamination, local dissemination and persistence over 25 years. As melioidosis is often fatal in humans, such persistence in a temperate region is cause for concern.
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1149/1.3314348
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-09-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1149/1.3611013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1149/2.005309JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C5RA26136H
Abstract: The incorporation of nitrogen into hydrothermal carbon with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 is shown to have a significant influence on the chemical composition and surface characteristics of hydrothermal carbon.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1149/1.2971193
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2005
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-10-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/C9MH01495K
Abstract: A new chemical method is developed for the preparation of a unique one-dimensional (1D) Sn( iv ) hydroxide nanofluid.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2007.12.003
Abstract: In this work a titration technique has been used to characterize the hoteric surface properties of a series of chemically reduced electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) s les (MnO 1.97 to MnO 1.50). The surface of the EMD was found to consist of independent acidic and basic hydroxyl groups, which were able to be characterised by their respective equilibrium constants and site concentrations. For this chemically reduced series Kb varied from (1.81-8.43)x10(-10) as reduction proceeded, with the corresponding basic site concentration varying from (0.20-2.50)x10(-4) mol/m2 over the pH range considered. Ka was ranged from (1.23-9.23)x10(-6) over the reduction range considered. The increase in Kb suggested a weakening of the MnO bond via the introduction of the larger Mn3+ ions which will increase the length of this bond. Weakening the MnO bond results in a corresponding strengthening of the OH bond giving the surface hydroxyl group a basic nature which is supported by the increasing basic site concentration. For the s les with an x in MnOx value above 1.71 the total number of acidic sites decreased which supports the increase in the concentration of basic sites however, below 1.71, the surface concentration of acidic sites increases slightly, which can be rationalised by the fact that the pyrolusite domains within the EMD (with relatively stronger MnO bonds) are accessible at this stage of the reduction. The number of surface oxide sites (Ns) and surface hydroxyl sites (Ns(OH)) were calculated crystallographically, and from the sum of the acid and basic hydroxyl groups determined by titration. Both methods produced data with the same order of magnitude, as well as indicated the expected increase in the number of surface hydroxyl groups with increasing degree of reduction. Electrochemical analysis of the s les in 9 M KOH showed the expected decrease in capacity with an increase in the degree of reduction. It also showed a decrease in the amount of charge contributed to the overall homogeneous reduction by Mn4+ ions in surface defects and within the ramsdellite domains over the entire x in MnOx range. However, the amount of charge contributed from the pyrolusite domains remained unchanged until after a x in MnOx value of 1.71.
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1149/2.072304JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.09.200
Abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of the nutrient status of biochar and soils prior to its inclusion in particular agricultural systems. Pre-treatment of nutrient-reactive biochar, where nutrients are loaded into pores and onto surfaces, gives improved yield outcomes compared to untreated biochar. In this study we have used a wide selection of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to investigate the mechanisms of nutrient retention in a high temperature wood biochar, which had negative effects on Chenopodium quinoa above ground biomass yield when applied to the system without prior nutrient loading, but positive effects when applied after composting. We have compared non-composted biochar (BC) with composted biochar (BCC) to elucidate the differences which may have led to these results. The results of our investigation provide evidence for a complex series of reactions during composting, where dissolved nutrients are first taken up into biochar pores along a concentration gradient and through capillary action, followed by surface sorption and retention processes which block biochar pores and result in deposition of a nutrient-rich organomineral (plaque) layer. The lack of such pretreatment in the BC s les would render it reactive towards nutrients in a soil-fertilizer system, making it a competitor for, rather than provider of, nutrients for plant growth.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 31-05-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D0MA00601G
Abstract: The ammonium counter ion is shown to influence the morphology, physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance of hydrothermal carbon.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C5RA22046G
Abstract: Anodic electrodeposition of NiO x (NiO + NiOOH) onto carbon nanofoam forming a supercapacitor electrode. The resulting composite electrode operates at 2.2 V in Na 2 SO 4 aqueous medium.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-07-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-01-2014
DOI: 10.1021/SC4004339
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1995
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1149/2.0841803JES
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2005
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1149/1.3597640
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1149/1.2745643
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1149/2.080202JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 16-07-2019
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 04-2013
Abstract: In this work the electrochemical behavior of a series of heat treated γ-MnO 2 materials was investigated and related to the chemical and structural changes brought about by this process. Controlled current cycling revealed a progressive decrease in electrode cyclability with heat treatment and this was assigned to irreversible changes which occur within pyrolusite domains upon reduction. It was further shown that for materials with a pyrolusite content 0.5 the host structure is no longer suitable for reversible electron-proton insertion, with electrodes prepared from these materials failing beyond the first cycle. By modelling the electrode response during step potential electrochemical spectroscopy studies the changes in proton diffusivity which result from heat treatment were also characterized. These studies were able to experimentally demonstrate that proton diffusion is progressively slower in materials with higher pyrolusite content, while being significantly enhanced by the presence of cation vacancies.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9RA05170H
Abstract: Carbons have been synthesized through the reduction of molten carbonate systems under varied conditions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1149/2.047207JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 20-12-2012
DOI: 10.1149/2.067302JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1149/1.3586045
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1149/2.042311JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2004
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0RA04641H
Abstract: Comparison of confocal fluorescence microscope (CFM) images at different excitation wavelengths show localized passivation effects by a pyridine treatment on a perovskite precursor, PbI 2 .
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1149/2.0611507JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2004.12.030
Abstract: In this work a titration technique was used to determine the hoteric surface properties of a series of heat-treated electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) s les (up to 500 degrees C). The surface of each s le was found to consist of independent acidic and basic hydroxyl sites, which could be characterized by their respective equilibrium constants and site concentrations. It was found that the acidic sites could not be characterized by a single equilibrium constant, but rather by a distribution indicating the subtle differences between in idual sites, while a single equilibrium constant adequately represented the basic sites. For EMD, K(a) varied between 0.1 and 6.3x10(-5), with a corresponding [MnOH((a)T)] value varying between 9.1 and 6.4x10(-6) mol m(-2) over the pH range considered. K(b) and [MnOH((b)T)] were found to be 1.81x10(-9) and 1.93x10(-5) mol m(-2), respectively. With heat treatment, K(a) increased, suggesting a strengthening of the MnO bond via the removal of defects such as Mn(3+) ions and cation vacancies. The fact that K(b) also increased was initially counterintuitive because it suggested that the MnO bond had been weakened by heat treatment. However, assuming that the acidic and basic hydroxyl groups are independent, the trends in K(b) could be rationalized in terms of oxygen ion coordination in the progressively heat-treated s les. The number of surface sites (N(s)) was determined crystallographically and from the sum [MnOH((a)T)] + [MnOH((b)T)]. The data from both methods were of the same order of magnitude but exhibited different trends due to certain inadequacies in both methods. However, the data trends did indicate that the crystal planes at the particle surface could be changing with heat treatment due to a decrease in the value of N(s) determined from the surface titrations. Electrochemical analysis of the s les in 9 M KOH indicated that their performance degraded considerably with heat treatment. In comparison with the surface titration data, it was concluded that proton insertion into the structure occurred only through basic surface sites, the decreasing number of which could limit performance.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-11-2015
DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2014.311
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-04-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-03-2011
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1149/2.076212JES
Publisher: American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET)
Date: 31-03-2009
Abstract: There is an urgent need to develop safe, effective, dual-purpose contraceptive agents that combine the prevention of pregnancy with protection against sexually transmitted diseases. Here we report the identification of a group of compounds that on contact with human spermatozoa induce a state of "spermostasis," characterized by the extremely rapid inhibition of sperm movement without compromising cell viability. These spermostatic agents were more active and significantly less toxic than the reagent in current clinical use, nonoxynol 9, giving therapeutic indices (ratio of spermostatic to cytotoxic activity) that were orders of magnitude greater than this traditional spermicide. Although certain compounds could trigger reactive oxygen species generation by spermatozoa, this activity was not correlated with spermostasis. Rather, the latter was associated with alkylation of two major sperm tail proteins that were identified as A Kinase-Anchoring Proteins (AKAP3 and AKAP4) by mass spectrometry. As a consequence of disrupted AKAP function, the abilities of cAMP to drive protein kinase A-dependent activities in the sperm tail, such as the activation of SRC and the consequent stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation, were suppressed. Furthermore, analysis of microbicidal activity using Chlamydia muridarum revealed powerful inhibitory effects at the same low micromolar doses that suppressed sperm movement. In this case, the microbicidal action was associated with alkylation of Major Outer Membrane Protein (MOMP), a major chlamydial membrane protein. Taken together, these results have identified for the first time a novel set of cellular targets and chemical principles capable of providing simultaneous defense against both fertility and the spread of sexually transmitted disease.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-03-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2004
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 13-10-2014
DOI: 10.1021/JP506914J
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1149/1.2198147
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-08-2015
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1149/2.012308JES
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 09-1997
DOI: 10.1149/1.1837944
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 09-1997
DOI: 10.1149/1.1837943
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 09-1997
DOI: 10.1149/1.1837942
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.4155/CMT.13.23
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1149/2.060209JES
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-02-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S00221-011-2592-4
Abstract: The mode of synaptic transmission in the vestibular periphery, between type I hair cells and their associated calyx terminal, has been the subject of much debate. The close and extensive apposition of pre- and post-synaptic elements has led some to suggest potassium (K(+)) accumulates in the intercellular space and even plays a role in synaptic transmission. During patch cl recordings from isolated and embedded hair cells in a semi-intact preparation of the mouse cristae, we noted marked differences in whole-cell currents. Embedded type I hair cells show a prominent droop during steady-state activation as well as a dramatic collapse in tail currents. Responses to a depolarizing voltage step (-124 to +16 mV) in embedded, but not isolated, hair cells resulted in a >40 mV shift of the K(+) equilibrium potential and a rise in effective K(+) concentration (>50 mM) in the intercellular space. Together these data suggest K(+) accumulation in the intercellular space accounts for the different responses in isolated and embedded type I hair cells. To test this notion, we exposed the preparation to hyperosmotic solutions to enlarge the intercellular space. As predicted, the K(+) accumulation effects were reduced however, a fit of our data with a classic diffusion model suggested K(+) permeability, rather than the intercellular space, had been altered by the hyperosmotic change. These results support the notion that under depolarizing conditions substantial K(+) accumulation occurs in the space between type I hair cells and calyx. The extent of K(+) accumulation during normal synaptic transmission, however, remains to be determined.
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1149/2.1021906JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 21-02-2013
DOI: 10.1201/B14585
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-07-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2006
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-10-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-11-2015
DOI: 10.1038/SREP16773
Abstract: Agricultural soils are the primary anthropogenic source of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N 2 O), contributing to global warming and depletion of stratospheric ozone. Biochar addition has shown potential to lower soil N 2 O emission, with the mechanisms remaining unclear. We incubated eucalypt biochar (550 °C) – 0, 1 and 5% (w/w) in Ferralsol at 3 water regimes (12, 39 and 54% WFPS) – in a soil column, following gamma irradiation. After N 2 O was injected at the base of the soil column, in the 0% biochar control 100% of expected injected N 2 O was released into headspace, declining to 67% in the 5% amendment. In a 100% biochar column at 6% WFPS, only 16% of the expected N 2 O was observed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy identified changes in surface functional groups suggesting interactions between N 2 O and the biochar surfaces. We have shown increases in -O-C = N yridine pyrrole/NH 3 , suggesting reactions between N 2 O and the carbon (C) matrix upon exposure to N 2 O. With increasing rates of biochar application, higher pH adjusted redox potentials were observed at the lower water contents. Evidence suggests that biochar has taken part in redox reactions reducing N 2 O to dinitrogen (N 2 ), in addition to adsorption of N 2 O.
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1149/1.3458860
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2017.07.033
Abstract: In this study, the thermal stability of a wood shaving biochar (WS, 650°C), a chicken litter biochar (CL, 550°C) and an activated carbon (AC, 1100°C) were evaluated by combustion at 375°C for 24h to remove the labile non-carbonized organic matter. Results showed that WS and CL biochars were not thermally stable and can lose most of the organic C during combustion. The combusted WS and CL biochars retained considerable amounts of negative charge and displayed higher sorption for Cd (from 5.46 to 68.9mg/g for WS and from 48.5 to 60.9mg/g for CL). The AC retained 76.5% of its original C and became more negatively chargely after combustion, but its sorption for Cd slightly decreased (from 18.5 to 14.9mg/g). This study indicated that after potential burning in wildfires (200-500°C), biochars could have higher sorption capacity for metals by remaining minerals.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.06.186
Abstract: Recent studies have shown that the pyrolysis of biomass combined with clay can result in both lower cost and increase in plant yields. One of the major sources of nutrients for pasture growth, as well as fuel and building materials in Tibet is yak dung. This paper reports on the initial field testing in a pasture setting in Tibet using yak dung, biochar, and attapulgite clay/yak dung biochars produced at ratios of 10/90 and 50/50 clay to dung. We found that the treatment with attapulgite clay/yak dung (50/50) biochar resulted in the highest pasture yields and grass nutrition quality. We also measured the properties and yields of mixtures of clay/yak dung biochar used in the field trials produced at 400°C and 500°C to help determine a possible optimum final pyrolysis temperature and dung/clay ratio. It was observed that increasing clay content increased carbon stability, overall biochar yield, pore size, carboxyl and ketone/aldehyde functional groups, hematite and ferrous/ferric sulphate/thiosulphate concentration, surface area and magnetic moment. Decreasing clay content resulted in higher pH, CEC, N content and an enhanced ability to accept and donate electrons. The resulting properties were a complex function of both processing temperature and the percentage of clay for the biochars processed at both 400°C and 500°C. It is possible that the increase in yield and nutrient uptake in the field trial is related to the higher concentration of C/O functional groups, higher surface area and pore volume and higher content of Fe/O/S nanoparticles of multiple oxidation state in the 50/50 clay/dung. These properties have been found to significantly increase the abundance of beneficial microorganisms and hence improve the nutrient cycling and availability in soil. Further field trials are required to determine the optimum pyrolysis production conditions and application rate on the abundance of beneficial microorganisms, yields and nutrient quality.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 29-06-2016
Abstract: Dramatic changes in molecular structure, degradation pathway, and porosity of biochar are observed at pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 250 to 550 °C when bamboo biomass is pretreated by iron-sulfate-clay slurries (iron-clay biochar), as compared to untreated bamboo biochar. Electron microscopy analysis of the biochar reveals the infusion of mineral species into the pores of the biochar and the formation of mineral nanostructures. Quantitative (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy shows that the presence of the iron clay prevents degradation of the cellulosic fraction at pyrolysis temperatures of 250 °C, whereas at higher temperatures (350-550 °C), the clay promotes biomass degradation, resulting in an increase in both the concentrations of condensed aromatic, acidic, and phenolic carbon species. The porosity of the biochar, as measured by NMR cryoporosimetry, is altered by the iron-clay pretreatment. In the presence of the clay, at lower pyrolysis temperatures, the biochar develops a higher pore volume, while at higher temperature, the presence of clay causes a reduction in the biochar pore volume. The most dramatic reduction in pore volume is observed in the kaolinite-infiltrated biochar at 550 °C, which is attributed to the blocking of the mesopores (2-50 nm pore) by the nonporous metakaolinite formed from kaolinite.
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1149/2.0091913JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2019.120802
Abstract: Red mud is a hazardous waste material produced during alkaline leaching of bauxite in the Bayer process. This study proposed the use of red mud to replace fly ash in self-compacting concrete (SCC) and the influences of red mud on fresh and hardened properties, and durability performances of SCC were studied. The fresh concrete results show that red mud had a slight negative impact on the fresh properties of SCC. The hardened concrete results show that the mechanical strength of concrete increased with increasing of red mud content. The half-cell potential test results indicated that red mud had a significant effect on restraining the corrosion process in SCC. Compared to the control s le, the red mud s les suffered less corrosion. Cracks associated with corrosion of reinforcement were observed in RMC0 and RMC100 s les after 28 day accelerated corrosion test. The ICP-MS results showed that there's no significant difference in metal elements among the solutions regardless the red mud content in concrete.The relative corrosion rate test results suggested that red mud can suppress the corrosion current. The SCC s les consisting 75% red mud performed the best resistance to corrosion according to the results of half-cell potentials and mass loss of rebar.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9TA10267A
Abstract: The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction is coupled with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation, forming a unique and superior combination.
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1149/2.115206JES
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1149/2.0351811JES
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 03-08-2013
DOI: 10.1107/S0021889813017846
Abstract: High-temperature in situ X-ray diffraction is used to determine the thermal expansion behaviour of manganese dioxide in air at temperatures between 298 and 673 K, the range accessible prior to material decomposition. Two manganese dioxide s les of different origins are investigated to observe the effect of synthesis conditions and resultant material properties on the thermal response. β-MnO 2 prepared by a chemical pathway is found to expand linearly over the temperature window with thermal expansion coefficients (in units of K −1 ) of α a = 9.3 (4) × 10 −6 , α c = 7.0 (2) × 10 −6 and β = 25.6 (8) × 10 −6 . Conversely, the thermal expansion of heat-treated electrolytic manganese dioxide is disjointed about 473 K in the a direction and for the overall unit-cell volume, and about 523 K in the c direction. Coefficients are therefore given (in units of K −1 ) as α a = 23 (4) × 10 −6 (298–473 K), 10 (3) × 10 −6 (473–673 K) α c = 0.2 (9) × 10 −6 (298–523 K), 10 (1) × 10 −6 (523–673 K) and β = 49 (9) × 10 −6 (298–473 K), 26 (5) × 10 −6 (473–673 K).
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-02-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: Author(s)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1063/1.5067125
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 15-11-2015
DOI: 10.1149/2.0321501JES
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1039/B9NJ00538B
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2007
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1149/2.0701915JES
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1149/2.0161505JES
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1149/1.3625581
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1149/2.0401606JES
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-08-2019
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1149/2.098404JES
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1149/2.1031508JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1149/2.0721605JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2014.03.017
Abstract: Heavy metal contamination in croplands has been a serious concern because of its high health risk through soil-food chain transfer. A field experiment was conducted in 2010-2012 in a contaminated rice paddy in southern China to determine if bioavailability of soil Cd and Pb could be reduced while grain yield was sustained over 3 years after a single soil amendment of wheat straw biochar. Contaminated biochar particles were separated from the biochar amended soil and microscopically analyzed to help determine where, and how, metals were immobilized with biochar. Biochar soil amendment (BSA) consistently and significantly increased soil pH, total organic carbon and decreased soil extractable Cd and Pb over the 3 year period. While rice plant tissues' Cd content was significantly reduced, depending on biochar application rate, reduction in plant Pb concentration was found only in root tissue. Analysis of the fresh and contaminated biochar particles indicated that Cd and Pb had probably been bonded with the mineral phases of Al, Fe and P on and around and inside the contaminated biochar particle. Immobilization of the Pb and Cd also occurred to cation exchange on the porous carbon structure.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
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