ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8038-6094
Current Organisations
Private Practice
,
Maquarie University
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Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1017/S1754470X16000234
Abstract: Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) has been shown to underlie a range of disorders. Technological advances have produced a decline in our development of an ability to wait in the face of uncertainty. The paper provides an update on empirical, theoretical and neural research in IU. Einstein's extended trandiagnostic model of IU is described. This model is based on control theory. The research update and IU model propose specific tools which can be implemented within transdiagnostic treatment approaches.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2000
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1998
Abstract: Shame, guilt, and ego development are conceptually interrelated constructs, yet their empirical relations have not yet been examined. Further, these constructs have not yet been mapped onto the widely used Five-Factor Model. In Study 1, relations were examined between these three domains within a s le of Australian university students. Two types of guilt were distinguished, Empathic Guilt (associated with Agreeableness) and Anxious Guilt (associated with Neuroticism). The relationship between Shame and Ego Level was found to be curvilinear, with Shame greatest for persons at intermediate stages of ego development. In Study 2, relations between ego development and the Five-Factor Model were further examined. Across both studies, Ego Level was best predicted from Conscientiousness among men and from Openness among women. Relations between Ego Level, proneness to shame and guilt, and the five factors were typically modest, suggesting that these represent complementary approaches to the study of personality.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 13-12-2011
DOI: 10.1017/S1754470X10000140
Abstract: Data collected from clinical populations indicate that magical ideation (MI) may play a causal or a mediating role in the expression of obsessive compulsive symptoms. If this is the case then when targeted in treatment, symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) should be altered. Two in iduals diagnosed with OCD received a trial treatment targeting magical thinking. The intervention consisted of a series of procedures designed to undermine superstitious/MI without targeting obsessions or compulsions. The procedures involved critical analysis of the following material: (1) a free astrology offer (2) a horoscope prediction exercise (3) a description of four different cultural explanations of the origin of fire (4) an instructive guide for Tarot card readers (5) a report of a UFO sighting (6) a video-clip describing a cult festival (7) a description of a ‘hoax’ channeler and (8) a superstition exercise. Measures of obsessive compulsive symptoms, superstition, MI and thought–action fusion were administered pre-treatment, post-treatment and at 3 months’ follow-up. According to the twofold criterion of Jacobson et al . ( Behaviour Therapy 1984, 15 , 336–352), following treatment the patients were identified as being recovered on measures of magical and superstitious thinking and on the Padua Inventory.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-2008
Abstract: The present study investigated whether MI is a mechanism for change in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The Magical Ideation scale (MI), the Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory — Short Version (OCI-SV) and the Padua Inventory were completed by 34 obsessive–compulsive patients pre- and post cognitive–behavioural treatment. Treatment did not target magical styles of thinking. Significant improvements on all three measures of obsessive–compulsive symptoms were demonstrated by t tests over the course of treatment. Improvement in magical thinking was also shown to be significant in t test results. In support of the hypothesis, correlations between MI improvement and improvement on the obsessive–compulsive symptom scales were significant (at a level of .05) suggesting that there is an association between improvement in magical thinking and improvement in obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Notably, a significant negative correlation was obtained between prescores on MI and change scores on the OCD measures. This suggests that high levels of MI are associated with high levels of treatment intractability. High MI appears to be a poor prognostic factor in OCD.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1002/JCLP.1057
Abstract: The recent discussion of evidence-based, adaptive treatment planning highlights the need for models for the prediction of courses of treatment response. We combine a dose-response model with growth curve modeling to determine dose-response relations for well-being, symptoms, and functioning. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to model each patient's expected course of improvement. The resulting predictions were cross-validated on two s les of psychotherapy outpatients. The results give further empirical support for the dose-response model and the phase model of psychotherapy as well as for the usefulness of patient treatment response profiling for in idual treatment management.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1080/00048670802119762
Abstract: Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of an Internet-based clinician-assisted computerized cognitive behavioural therapy programme for social phobia. Method: A total of 105 in iduals with social phobia were randomly assigned to a six-lesson cognitive behavioural treatment programme or to a waitlist control group. Treatment consisted of four components: six online lessons homework assignments participation in an online discussion forum and regular email contact with a therapist. An intention-to-treat model was used for data analyses. Results: A total of 78% of treatment group participants completed all lessons, and post-treatment data were obtained from 93/105 participants. Significant post-treatment differences between treatment and waitlist participants were found on two measures of symptoms of social phobia. Mean within- and between-group effect sizes (Cohen's d) for the primary social phobia outcome measures were 1.15, and 0.95, respectively. Conclusions: These results were comparable with those obtained in exemplary face-to-face treatment programmes. They provide further positive data about the utility of Internet-based guided self-help programmes for people with common mental disorders.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2000
DOI: 10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00149-7
Abstract: The association between responsibility for a negative outcome, perceived severity of the outcome and perceived likelihood of the outcome was examined in a s le of 70 undergraduate students. Participants were asked to rate the likelihood and severity of 10 negative outcomes, five related to contamination and five related to checking. Thirty-eight participants completed a version of the questionnaire that presented the subject as responsible for the action that may lead to a negative outcome ('personally responsible' group). The remaining 32 completed a version of the questionnaire that presented someone else performing the actions that may lead to a negative outcome ('other responsible' group). Significant differences emerged between the personally responsible and other responsible groups for severity of outcome ratings but not for likelihood of outcome ratings. Specifically, for both washing and checking concerns, participants in the personally responsible group rated the severity of the potential negative outcome as greater than did those in the other responsible group. The results support the claimed general tendency for in iduals to regard an outcome as more aversive if they are personally responsible for that outcome, rather than someone else being responsible. The results suggest that, in general, increasing perceptions of personal responsibility will increase cost or severity estimates in subjective danger calculations, and that responsibility may influence OCD phenomena in this way. Finally, the results suggest that attempts to manipulate responsibility in the laboratory may be confounded by necessarily impacting on cost estimates, and therefore on danger expectancies.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-06-2023
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 21-02-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2022.05.072
Abstract: Adolescents experiencing both anxiety and mood disorders show greater life impairment than those with either disorder alone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an online cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) program for these comorbid youth. Ninety-one adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (M = 14.29, S.D. = 1.62 66% female) participated if they met DSM-5 criteria for both an anxiety and depressive disorder. Diagnoses were assessed by structured interview and participants also completed measures of symptoms, negative thoughts, and life interference. Participants were randomly allocated to either active treatment (n = 45) or wait (n = 46). Treatment comprised access to an 8-module, online program and was supported by 8, 30-minute telephone sessions with a therapist and the youth, of which the caregiver participated in four. Treated participants showed significantly greater reduction than waiting participants on the primary outcome: total number of disorders and were more likely to remit from all anxiety and mood disorders (43.8% vs 20.9%). Secondary outcomes covering symptoms of anxiety and depression showed similar group by time differences, but there was no significant group by time interaction on life interference. This brief, easily accessible, online intervention that requires relatively low levels of therapist time showed promising impact for a very impaired population. This trial was registered on the ANZ clinical trials registry-ACTRN12616000139471.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2004
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 09-2014
DOI: 10.1111/CPSP.12077
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-04-2019
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1002/DA.20005
Abstract: Thought action fusion (TAF) is an important presenting feature of many in iduals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). "Magical thinking" is a similar construct (developed within the literature on schizotypy) that may provide a more accurate depiction of difficulties encountered by in iduals with OCD. This study seeks to examine relationships between components of magical thinking, TAF, and superstitiousness establish the extent to which these constructs are independently related to OCD proneness and establish the extent to which these biased reasoning styles are related to each of the major OCD symptom clusters (e.g., washing, checking). The Padua Inventory (PI), the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), the Magical Ideation Scale (MI), the Lucky Behaviours (Lbeh) and Lucky Beliefs (Lbel) Scales, and the Thought Action Fusion-Revised scale (TAF-R) were given to a cohort of 86 undergraduate students. Of all the measures, the MI scale was found to be the most strongly related to obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Large and significant relationships between MI scores and the two measures of OCD (i.e., MOCI and PI) were obtained even when alternative mediators (i.e., Lbeh, Lbel, TAF-R) were held constant. No other variable remained significantly related to the MOCI or PI when magical ideation scores were held constant. The findings suggest that a general magical thinking tendency may underpin previous observed links between superstitiousness, thought action fusion, and OCD severity.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2006
Abstract: Thought–action fusion (TAF), a belief that one's thoughts can either increase the likelihood of a given event or imply the immorality of one's character, is associated with a range of disorders, but has not yet been investigated in relation to psychosis. We sought to determine whether TAF beliefs are endorsed by in iduals with chronic schizophrenia. Twenty-seven adults with chronic schizophrenia completed self-report measures of TAF, magical ideation, delusional beliefs and obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Scores were compared with a gendermatched nonclinical group (n = 27) and associations between self-report measures were investigated for the chronic schizophrenia s le. TAF Likelihood–Others, magical ideation and obsessive–compulsive symptoms were endorsed to a greater extent by those with chronic schizophrenia than by controls. The participants with chronic schizophrenia however, did not generally endorse TAF statements at level greater than ‘neutral’. TAF Moral, magical ideation and obsessive– compulsive symptoms were associated with scores on the delusional beliefs measure. We conclude that TAF beliefs may not especially characterise the thinking styles of those with schizophrenia. These findings await replication using a larger s le.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-08-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S12144-022-03408-0
Abstract: Self-compassion, a healthy way of relating to oneself, may promote psychological resilience during adolescence. How adolescents engage with self-compassion, and whether they have distinct self-compassionate or uncompassionate psychological profiles, is unclear. This study investigated potential self-compassion profiles based on responses to the Self-Compassion Scale–Short Form (SCS-SF) and examined their relationship with a range of mental health symptoms and cognitive and emotional tendencies. A large cross-sectional s le of high school students ( N = 950 M age = 13.70 years, SD age = 0.72, range = 12 to 16 years 434 female and 495 male) completed several online self-report measures including the SCS-SF. Latent profile analysis identified parsimonious self-compassion profiles by gender using the six SCS-SF subscales. Five female profiles included ‘Low Self-Relating’, ‘Uncompassionate’, ‘High Self-Relating’, ‘Moderately Compassionate’ and ‘Highly Compassionate’. Comparatively, two male profiles included ‘Low Self-Relating’ and ‘Moderately Self-Relating’. Low Self-Relating involved low levels of both compassionate and uncompassionate responding, and Moderately Self-Relating involved higher levels of both. Low Self-Relating and Highly Compassionate profiles for females consistently reported lower levels of anxiety and depression symptoms, maladaptive perfectionism, intolerance of uncertainty, repetitive thinking and avoidance-fusion thinking patterns compared to the other female profiles. Low Self-Relating males reported more adaptive outcomes compared to Moderate Self-Relating males. These findings illustrate important adolescent gender differences in compassionate and uncompassionate self-response profiles. Results suggest self-compassion is an important psychological construct with erse mental health benefits for females, whereas for males a lack of attachment to either response styles are linked with better psychological outcomes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 06-04-2001
DOI: 10.1017/S1352465806002864
Abstract: Magical Ideation was examined in 71 in iduals across four groups matched, where possible, for gender and age. These groups were: (1) Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) patients with cleaning compulsions ( n = 11) (2) OCD patients with checking compulsions ( n = 20) (3) panic disorder patients with minimal obsessive compulsive symptoms ( n = 19) (4) a “normal” control group with minimal obsessive compulsive symptoms ( n = 21). The Magical Ideation Scale (MI, Eckblad and Chapman, 1983), the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory- Short Version (OCI-SV Foa et al., 2002) and the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI, Hodgson and Rachman, 1977) were administered to all participants. A one-way Anova was conducted with four planned contrasts. As expected, the OCD groups obtained magical ideation scores higher than the normal subjects. This suggests that OCD patients engage in more magical thinking tendencies than non-anxious controls. Similarly, OCD participants obtained a mean magical ideation score significantly higher than the panic disorder group, suggesting that obsessional compulsive patients are more likely to exhibit magical thinking than in iduals with panic disorder. Of note, panic disorder and control group means on MI did not differ significantly. Finally, in iduals with obsessive cleaning compulsions displayed higher levels of magical thinking compared to in iduals with obsessive checking compulsions, despite no difference in severity of their obsessive compulsive symptoms. This observation was counter to previous findings (Einstein and Menzies, 2004a Einstein and Menzies, 2004b).
No related grants have been discovered for Danielle Einstein.