ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8641-4412
Current Organisations
University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland
,
University of Western Australia
,
University of California Merced
,
Western Australian Museum
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Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-08-2021
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 18-07-2019
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 18-07-2019
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 04-06-2021
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 04-06-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-04-2019
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 04-06-2021
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-02-2017
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 31-10-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 31-10-2018
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 20-07-2018
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 20-07-2017
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 28-04-2006
DOI: 10.1061/40838(191)16
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 28-04-2006
DOI: 10.1061/40838(191)17
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 20-01-2023
DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.524483
Abstract: Rates of nucleotide substitution vary substantially across the Tree of Life, with potentially confounding effects on phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses. A large acceleration in mitochondrial substitution rate occurs in the cockroach family Nocticolidae, which predominantly inhabit subterranean environments. To evaluate the impacts of this among-lineage rate heterogeneity on estimates of phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary timescales, we analysed nuclear ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and mitochondrial genomes from nocticolids and other cockroaches. Substitution rates were substantially elevated in nocticolid lineages compared with other cockroaches, especially in mitochondrial protein-coding genes. This disparity in evolutionary rates is likely to have led to different evolutionary relationships being supported by phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial genomes and UCE loci. Furthermore, Bayesian dating analyses using relaxed-clock models inferred much deeper ergence times compared with a flexible local clock. Our phylogenetic analysis of UCEs, which is the first genome-scale study to include all ten major cockroach families, unites Corydiidae and Nocticolidae and places Anaplectidae as the sister lineage to the rest of Blattoidea. We uncover an extraordinary level of genetic ergence in Nocticolidae, including two highly distinct clades that separated ∼115 million years ago despite both containing representatives of the genus Nocticola . The results of our study highlight the potential impacts of high among-lineage rate variation on estimates of phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary timescales.
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1086/671931
Abstract: Reproductive interactions between species can carry significant costs (e.g., wasted time, energy, and gametes). In traumatically inseminating insects, heterospecific mating costs may be intensified, with indiscriminate mating and damaging genitalia leading to damage or death. When closely related traumatically inseminating species are sympatric, we predict selection should favor the rapid evolution of reproductive isolation. Here we report on a cryptic species of traumatically inseminating plant bug, Coridromius taravao, living sympatrically with its sister species, Coridromius tahitiensis, in French Polynesia. Despite their sister-species relationship, they exhibit striking differences in reproductive morphology, with females of each species stabbed and inseminated through different parts of their abdomens. Furthermore, C. tahitiensis is sexually dimorphic in coloration and vestiture, while both sexes of C. taravao share the C. tahitiensis male expression of these traits. These findings support a role for (1) reproductive character ergence and (2) interspecies sexual mimicry in limiting interspecific mating brought about by indiscriminate male mating behavior.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-08-2021
DOI: 10.3390/INFRASTRUCTURES6080117
Abstract: The construction and maintenance costs, as well as the residual value, were calculated for structurally equivalent rigid and flexible airfield pavements, for a range of typical commercial aircraft, as well as a range for typical subgrade conditions. Whole of life cost analysis was performed for a range of analysis periods, from 40 years to 100 years. For the standard 40-year analysis period and a residual value based on rigid pavement reconstruction, the rigid pavements had a 40% to 105% higher whole of life cost than equivalent flexible pavements, although this comparison is limited to the pavement compositions and material cost rates adopted. However, longer analysis periods had a significant impact on the relative whole of life cost, although the rigid pavements always had a higher cost than the flexible pavements. The assumed condition of the rigid pavement at the end of the design life was the most influential factor, with a 60-year service life resulting in the rigid pavements having a lower whole of life cost than the flexible pavements, but assuming a requirement for expedient rigid pavement reconstruction resulted in the rigid pavements costing approximately 4–6 times the cost of the flexible pavements over the 40-year analysis period.
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 20-07-2018
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 25-11-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-07-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-11-2022
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 04-06-2021
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 04-12-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-08-2023
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.14707
Abstract: There has been growing interest in non‐cave subterranean habitats and their influence on the evolution of troglomorphic (i.e. ‘subterranean adapted’) species. Studies on the ersification of aquatic subterranean organisms in these habitats generally support the ‘subterranean island’ hypothesis, whereby isolated subterranean refuges lead to patterns of short‐range endemism. However, their terrestrial counterparts have received less attention. We aimed to elucidate the applicability of the ‘subterranean island’ hypothesis to terrestrial subterranean fauna through genetic analyses of two widespread troglomorphic cockroach species. To investigate the influence of subterranean biogeography, we also analysed a closely related species that inhabits ‘classic’ cave environments to represent a contrasting biogeographic comparison. Pilbara region, Western Australia, and the Chillagoe‐Mungana Caves, Queensland (Australia). Cave cockroach species: Nocticola cockingi , Nocticola quartermainei and Nocticola australiensis. We used DArTseq to generate genome‐wide SNPs in 78 s les, and Sanger sequencing to generate 16S mtDNA data. We then applied various population genomic analyses to characterize the distribution of genetic ersity within the three study species. We identified distinct genetic clusters within the two Pilbara species however, there appeared to be a notable lack of discernible population differentiation across large parts of their range ( km), opposing the subterranean island hypothesis. The highest level of population differentiation in the three study species was between the two caves in Queensland, ~3 km apart. The Pilbara subterranean habitat appeared to be conducive to gene flow across relatively large distances, contrasting high levels of endemism observed in other subterranean taxa within the region. The disparate patterns of gene flow among the Pilbara and Queensland study species emphasize the significance of differing subterranean habitats on patterns of dispersal and vicariance. These inferences will inform conservation genetic management of these species, and may help elucidate the evolutionary paradox of widespread subterranean fauna.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-01-2013
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-09-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MA15196793
Abstract: The reliable and representative ageing of asphalt s les in the laboratory is critically important to research on asphalt durability, waste material recycling and rejuvenation treatments. However, standard laboratory ageing protocols omit ultraviolet radiation and moisture, and are also based on a universally applied oven temperature and ageing duration. The aim of this research was to demonstrate the importance of ultraviolet radiation in laboratory asphalt aging, motivated by the need for more realistic ageing protocols. Asphalt cores were thermally aged in a standard laboratory oven for 98 days, while other cores were aged for the same period in a weathering chamber that combined thermal–oxidative (heat) and photo-oxidative (ultraviolet irradiation) aging. The bitumen was then extracted from the top, middle and bottom of each asphalt core, and tested for rheological, chemical, and compositional properties. The results were used to compare the effects of the aging protocols, and the effects of depth below the pavement surface. It was concluded that accelerated laboratory asphalt ageing must include photo-oxidation, in combination with thermal oxidation. It was also concluded that both chemical and rheological properties were effective indicators of extracted asphalt binder aging, although the rheological testing was preferred.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-11-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JEB.13193
Abstract: Theory predicts a trade-off between sexually selected weapons used to secure mates and post-copulatory traits used to maximize fertilization success. However, in iduals that have a greater capacity to acquire resources from the environment may invest more in both pre- and post-copulatory traits, and trade-offs may not be readily apparent. Here, we manipulate the phenotype of developing in iduals to examine allocation trade-offs between weapons and testes in Mictis profana (Hemiptera: Coreidae), a species where the hind legs are sexually selected weapons used in contests over access to females. We experimentally prevented males from developing weapons by inducing them to autotomize their hind legs before the final moult to adulthood. We compared trait expression in this group to males where autotomy was induced in the mid-legs, which are presumably not under sexual selection to the same extent. We found males without weapons invested proportionally more in testes mass than those with their mid-legs removed. Males that developed to adulthood without weapons did not differ from the mid-leg removal group in other traits potentially under precopulatory sexual selection, other post-copulatory traits or naturally selected traits. In addition, a s le of adult males from the same population in the wild revealed a positive correlation between investment in testes and weapons. Our study presents a critical contribution to a growing body of literature suggesting the allocation of resources to pre- and post-copulatory sexual traits is influenced by a resource allocation trade-off and that this trade-off may only be revealed with experimental manipulation.
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Date: 07-01-2014
DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-ENTO-011613-162111
Abstract: Traumatic insemination is a bizarre form of mating practiced by some invertebrates in which males use hypodermic genitalia to penetrate their partner's body wall during copulation, frequently bypassing the female genital tract and ejaculating into their blood system. The requirements for traumatic insemination to evolve are stringent, yet surprisingly it has arisen multiple times within invertebrates. In terrestrial arthropods traumatic insemination is most prevalent in the true bug infraorder Cimicomorpha, where it has evolved independently at least three times. Traumatic insemination is thought to occur in the Strepsiptera and has recently been recorded in fruit fly and spider lineages. We review the putative selective pressures that may have led to the evolution of traumatic insemination across these lineages, as well as the pressures that continue to drive ergence in male and female reproductive morphology and behavior. Traumatic insemination mechanisms and attributes are compared across independent lineages.
Publisher: Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle
Date: 28-01-2013
DOI: 10.5852/EJT.2013.35
Abstract: Eight new species of the plant bug genus Coridromius are described: C. basilanus sp. nov. from the Philippines, C. eremnos sp. nov. from Sabah, Malaysia, C. fomangsu sp. nov. and C. tafo sp. nov. from Ghana, C. norfolkensis sp. nov. from Norfolk Island, Australia, C. mulu sp. nov. from Sarawak, Malaysia, C. macchabeeus sp. nov. from Mauritius, and C. taravao sp. nov. from Tahiti, French Polynesia.
Publisher: Airiti Press, Inc.
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 13-06-2023
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 26-09-2022
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 23-06-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-06-2016
DOI: 10.1111/AEN.12199
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-02-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-01-2019
DOI: 10.1002/JMOR.20938
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-08-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-05-2021
DOI: 10.3390/SU13115784
Abstract: In this study, an innovative methodology is proposed to characterize the short-term aging of asphalt binders using the matrix analysis method. The rotational viscosity and complex shear modulus of asphalt binders were chosen as target rheological properties for the analysis of aging. A set of square matrices was developed based on test temperatures and the synthetic additive wax content. Transformational short-term aging matrices were obtained that characterize the trend of the aging process as a function of binder type, temperature sweep, and additive percentage. The results of the matrix analysis show that the trend of short-term aging depends on the binder performance grade and the rheological characteristic chosen for the analysis of aging. In addition, transformational aging matrices can provide detailed information about the range of the aging rate and the trend in aging for each binder type. Furthermore, the components of the transformational matrices clearly show the sensitivity of the binders to aging. In conclusion, the matrix analysis of aging can be used to compare the effects of short-term aging of different asphalt binders.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-03-2020
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 03-2023
Abstract: We report on the host properties of five X-ray-luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN) identified at 3 z 5 in the first epoch of imaging from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey. Each galaxy has been imaged with the JWST Near-Infrared Camera, which provides rest-frame optical morphologies at these redshifts. We also derive stellar masses and star formation rates for each host by fitting its spectral energy distribution using a combination of galaxy and AGN templates. We find that three of the AGN hosts have spheroidal morphologies, one is a bulge-dominated disk, and one is dominated by pointlike emission. None are found to show strong morphological disturbances that might indicate a recent interaction or merger event. When compared to a s le of mass-matched inactive galaxies, we find that the AGN hosts have morphologies that are less disturbed and more bulge-dominated. Notably, all four of the resolved hosts have rest-frame optical colors consistent with a quenched or poststarburst stellar population. The presence of AGN in passively evolving galaxies at z 3 is significant because a rapid feedback mechanism is required in most semianalytic models and cosmological simulations to explain the growing population of massive quiescent galaxies observed at these redshifts. Our findings show that AGN can continue to inject energy into these systems after their star formation is curtailed, potentially heating their halos and preventing renewed star formation. Additional observations will be needed to determine what role this feedback may play in helping to quench these systems and/or maintain their quiescent state.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-12-2020
DOI: 10.3390/APP10010226
Abstract: Paved surfaces must reliably bear heavy loads, often under challenging environmental and geotechnical conditions. These requirements are addressed through the use of high-quality, newly produced materials in pavement design. However, in remote locations, newly produced materials are often expensive or unavailable, making waste or alternative materials more attractive. Waste materials can be used in their natural condition but are more commonly stabilised or otherwise improved to meet performance targets. However, this practice can incorporate unwarranted risk into pavement design solutions. The decision to use waste materials in a pavement is a balance between technical risk, maintenance liability, available materials, environmental emissions and capital cost. This study reviews the use of waste materials in pavement design and construction. Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials and processed waste plastic for pavement construction are considered. Additionally, blast furnace slag (BFS) and waste glass in pavement construction are evaluated. This review focuses on the effects of alternative materials on the properties of asphalt pavement. The results indicate that RAP is acceptable as an alternative material, while BFS, waste plastic and waste glass can be used under specific conditions. Also, the current and future challenges for the use of waste materials in the pavement industry are discussed.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 25-01-2023
Abstract: Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) candidates at z ≳ 10 are rapidly being identified in James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam observations. Due to the (redshifted) break produced by neutral hydrogen absorption of rest-frame UV photons, these sources are expected to drop out in the bluer filters while being well detected in redder filters. However, here we show that dust-enshrouded star-forming galaxies at lower redshifts ( z ≲ 7) may also mimic the near-infrared (near-IR) colors of z 10 LBGs, representing potential contaminants in LBG candidate s les. First, we analyze CEERS-DSFG-1, a NIRCam dropout undetected in the F115W and F150W filters but detected at longer wavelengths. Combining the JWST data with (sub)millimeter constraints, including deep NOEMA interferometric observations, we show that this source is a dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) at z ≈ 5.1. We also present a tentative 2.6 σ SCUBA-2 detection at 850 μ m around a recently identified z ≈ 16 LBG candidate in the same field and show that, if the emission is real and associated with this candidate, the available photometry is consistent with a z ∼ 5 dusty galaxy with strong nebular emission lines despite its blue near-IR colors. Further observations on this candidate are imperative to mitigate the low confidence of this tentative submillimeter emission and its positional uncertainty. Our analysis shows that robust (sub)millimeter detections of NIRCam dropout galaxies likely imply z ∼ 4–6 redshift solutions, where the observed near-IR break would be the result of a strong rest-frame optical Balmer break combined with high dust attenuation and strong nebular line emission, rather than the rest-frame UV Lyman break. This provides evidence that DSFGs may contaminate searches for ultra-high redshift LBG candidates from JWST observations.
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 18-07-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-06-2018
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2022
Publisher: David Publishing Company
Date: 28-06-2019
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 15-07-2021
DOI: 10.1071/PC21015
Abstract: The true bio ersity of Australia’s alpine and subalpine endemics is unknown. Genetic studies to date have focused on sub-regions and restricted taxa, but even so, indicate deep ergences across small geographic scales and therefore that the bulk of bio ersity remains to be discovered. We aimed to study the phylogeography of the Australian Alps by focusing on the skyhoppers (Kosciuscola), a genus of five species of flightless grasshoppers whose combined distributions both span the region and are almost exclusively contained within it. Our s ling covered 650 km on the mainland and several sites in Tasmania with total of 260 specimens used to reconstruct a robust phylogeny of Koscisucola. Phylogenies were based on single nucleotide polymorphism data generated from double-digested restriction-associated DNA sequencing. Skyhoppers erged around 2 million years ago and have since undergone complex ersification seemingly driven by climatic oscillations throughout the Pleistocene. We recovered not 5 but 14 clades indicating the presence of many unknown species. Our results support conspicuous geographic features as genetic breaks e.g. the Murray Valley, and inconspicuous ones e.g. between the Bogong High Plains and Mt Hotham. Climate change is progressing quickly in the region and its impact, particularly on snow, could have severe consequences for the skyhoppers’ overwinter survival. The true ersity of skyhoppers highlights that bio ersity loss in the Alps as a result of climate change is likely to be far greater than what can be estimated based on current species numbers and that management including small geographical scales is key.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 13-06-2023
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 14-11-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-05-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1420-9101.2010.01991.X
Abstract: Sexual conflict has recently been proposed as a driving force behind the rapid ersification of genitalia among sexually reproducing organisms. In traumatically inseminating insects, males stab females in the side of the body with needle-like genitalia, ejaculating into their body cavity. Such mating is costly to females and has led to the evolution of cost-reducing 'paragenitalia' in some species. Whereas some consider this evidence of sexually antagonistic coevolution, others remain unconvinced. Variation in the reproductive morphology of both sexes - particularly males - is alleged to be negligible, contradicting the expectations of a coevolutionary arms race. Here, we use a phylogeny of the traumatically inseminating plant bug genus Coridromius to show that external female paragenitalia have evolved multiply across the genus and are correlated with changes in male genital shape. This pattern is characteristic of an evolutionary arms race driven by sexual conflict.
Publisher: American Museum of Natural History (BioOne sponsored)
Date: 29-08-2008
DOI: 10.1206/315.1
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 10-10-2008
DOI: 10.1061/41005(329)47
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-03-2017
Publisher: Academy of Science of South Africa
Date: 03-2008
Publisher: New York Entomological Society
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1664/12-RA-027.1
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-12-2012
DOI: 10.1111/AEN.12011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-07-2019
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 20-01-2021
Publisher: Airiti Press, Inc.
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-11-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: International Society for Concrete Pavements
Date: 31-12-2021
DOI: 10.33593/6AA8KPNF
Abstract: Concrete for airport rigid pavement construction is generally specified to achieve a minimum characteristic flexural strength of 4.5 MPa and acceptance testing during construction aims to verify this key design assumption. The large flexural beam specimens are cumbersome and the testing is expensive. Consequently, industry desires a more convenient test and a laboratory-based conversion to an estimated flexural strength for acceptance testing during production. This research developed and trialed a protocol for the conversion of indirect tensile strength and compressive strength to estimate the flexural strength. The laboratory correlation was encouraging. However, when trialed on a real construction project, the conversions significantly underestimated the measured flexural strength and the risk of rejecting compliant batches of concrete was significantly higher. Further research is required to understand why the reliable conversions developed in the laboratory failed in the field. This may be related to the effect of ambient temperature on 28 day flexural strength, despite the constant curing condition.
Publisher: New York Entomological Society
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1664/12-RA-039.1
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 15-06-2009
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-10-2020
DOI: 10.3390/SU12208594
Abstract: The desire to develop sustainable infrastructure, including pavement structures and materials, is ever increasing in recent times. One opportunity is to partially replace high-cost bituminous binder with low-cost recycled plastic in asphalt mixtures. This synthesis combines the various research efforts to understand the effects of two commercially available recycled plastics, known as MR6 and MR10, on bituminous binders and asphalt mixtures. Using common test methods from the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia, generally consistent and significant effects were observed in various base bitumen grades and various common asphalt mixture types. Binder resistance to flow and binder elasticity both increased significantly and were associated with the three to four grade increases under the Performing Grading system. Similarly, mixture stiffness and mixture resistance to deformation increased significantly, while crack resistance and moisture damage resistance were not significantly affected. The effects of MR6 and MR10 were generally similar to the effects associated with conventional polymer modification of asphalt binders and asphalt mixtures, particularly those effects associated with plastomeric polymers.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 17-07-2018
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 10-05-2023
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 24-05-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CUB.2019.07.005
Abstract: The wings of butterflies and moths generate some of the most spectacular visual displays observed in nature [1-3]. Particularly striking effects are seen when light interferes with nanostructure materials in the wing scales, generating bright, directional colors that often serve as dynamic visual signals [4]. Structural coloration is not known in night-flying Lepidoptera, yet here we show a highly unusual form of wing coloration in a nocturnal, sexually dimorphic moth, Eudocima materna (Noctuidae). Males feature three dark wing patches on the dorsal forewings, and the apparent size of these patches strongly varies depending on the angle of the wing to the viewer. These optical special effects are generated using specialized wing scales that are tilted on the wing and behave like mirrors. At near-normal incidence of light, these "mirror scales" act as thin-film reflectors to produce a sparkly effect, but when light is incident at ∼20°-30° from normal, the reflectance spectrum is dominated by the diffuse scattering of the underlying, black melanin-containing scales, causing a shape-shifting effect. The strong sexual dimorphism in the arrangement and architecture of the scale nanostructures suggests that these patterns might function for sexual signaling. Flickering of the male's wings would yield a flashing, supernormal visual stimulus [5] to a viewer located 20°-30° away from the vertical, while being invisible to a viewer directly above the animal. Our findings reveal a novel use of structural coloration in nature that yields a dynamic, time-dependent achromatic optical signal that may be optimized for visual signaling in dim light.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 28-02-2012
Publisher: Magnolia Press
Date: 22-11-2021
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5071.1.6
Abstract: The Australian skyhopper genus Kosciuscola Sjöstedt consists of brachypterous species that inhabit the Australian alpine and subalpine region. The genus used to include 5 species and 1 subspecies, but according to a recent phylogenomic study, there could be as many as 14 species in the genus, that are genetically and geographically isolated from each other. This study represents the first step in describing and documenting the ersity of this interesting genus. In this study, we redefine the type species K. tristis, and elevate its subspecies K. tristis restrictus as a valid species on the basis of distinct morphological traits, geographical isolation, and phylogenomic evidence.
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 24-08-2017
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 25-11-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 25-11-2022
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/IS12072
Abstract: Diversity and speciation in Australia’s alpine biota are poorly understood. Here we present a molecular phylogeny of the Australian alpine grasshopper genus Kosciuscola (Sjösted) that currently includes five described species. These grasshoppers are of interest not only because of their alpine distribution but also for the extraordinary colour change exhibited by the species K. tristis, whose males turn turquoise when their body temperature exceeds 25°C. We reconstructed the phylogeny with two fragments of the mitochondrial genome using parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses and our data support the current taxonomy. Further, our data show little geographic structuring within some clades, which is puzzling since members of Kosciuscola are brachypterous. Finally, our data coupled with our observations on colouration provide evidence for a genetically distinct clade of K. tristis in the Victorian Alps. This is among the first molecular studies of an alpine invertebrate and one of a few on non-endangered, widespread Australian alpine species. More phylogenetic studies in the Australian Alps are required if we are to understand the evolution of alpine fauna and establish baseline data to monitor their response to climate change.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 02-11-2005
Abstract: In traumatic insemination, males pierce females with hypodermic genitalia and ejaculate into the body cavity rather than into the genital tract. This has resulted in the evolution of female counter-adaptations in the form of paragenitalia to reduce the direct physical costs of mating. While rare in the animal kingdom, traumatic insemination is oddly prevalent in the true bug infraorder Cimicomorpha (Heteroptera), where it occurs in six families and is thought to have arisen twice. Here, we report the discovery of traumatic insemination and elaborate paragenital development in the plant bug genus Coridromius (Miridae), representing a third, independent emergence of traumatic insemination in this infraorder.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 26-09-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-04-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-01-2017
Publisher: Airiti Press, Inc.
Date: 2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-04-2017
DOI: 10.1111/AEN.12273
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 03-2023
Abstract: We present an investigation into the first 500 Myr of galaxy evolution from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey. CEERS, one of 13 JWST ERS programs, targets galaxy formation from z ∼ 0.5 to using several imaging and spectroscopic modes. We make use of the first epoch of CEERS NIRCam imaging, spanning 35.5 arcmin 2 , to search for candidate galaxies at z 9. Following a detailed data reduction process implementing several custom steps to produce high-quality reduced images, we perform multiband photometry across seven NIRCam broad- and medium-band (and six Hubble broadband) filters focusing on robust colors and accurate total fluxes. We measure photometric redshifts and devise a robust set of selection criteria to identify a s le of 26 galaxy candidates at z ∼ 9–16. These objects are compact with a median half-light radius of ∼0.5 kpc. We present an early estimate of the z ∼ 11 rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function, finding that the number density of galaxies at M UV ∼ −20 appears to evolve very little from z ∼ 9 to 11. We also find that the abundance (surface density [arcmin −2 ]) of our candidates exceeds nearly all theoretical predictions. We explore potential implications, including that at z 10, star formation may be dominated by top-heavy initial mass functions, which would result in an increased ratio of UV light per unit halo mass, though a complete lack of dust attenuation and/or changing star formation physics may also play a role. While spectroscopic confirmation of these sources is urgently required, our results suggest that the deeper views to come with JWST should yield prolific s les of ultrahigh-redshift galaxies with which to further explore these conclusions.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-08-2021
DOI: 10.1111/JEB.13902
Abstract: Thynnine wasps have an unusual mating system that involves concurrent in-flight copulation and nuptial feeding of wingless females by alate males. Consequently, thynnine genitalia play a multifunctional role and have likely been subject to various different selective pressures for both reproductive success and food provisioning. Here, we present a new molecular phylogeny for the Australian Thynninae and use 3D-geometric morphometrics and comparative methods to investigate the morphological evolution of select genital structures across the group. We found significant morphological integration between all male and female structures analysed, which is likely influenced by sexual selection, but also reproductive isolation requirements and mechanical constraints. The morphology of the primary male and female coupling structures was correlated with female body size, and female genitalia exhibited strong negative size allometry. Those male and female coupling structures have evolved at similar evolutionary rates, whereas female structures appear to have evolved a higher degree of morphological novelty over time. We conclude that the unique reproductive strategies of thynnine wasps have resulted in complex evolutionary patterns in their genital morphology, which has likely played a central role in the extensive ersification of the subfamily across Australasia and South America. Our study reinforces the need to treat composite characters such as genitalia by their component parts, and to consider the roles of both male and female reproductive structures in evolutionary studies.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-10-2019
DOI: 10.1111/ZSC.12374
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 24-05-2019
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 10-05-2023
Publisher: International Society for Concrete Pavements
Date: 31-12-2021
DOI: 10.33593/38A8FH4E
Abstract: FAARFIELD is a common mechanistic-empirical software that uses a combination of layered elastic and finite element methods for the determination of rigid aircraft pavement thickness. The primary input parameters are the aircraft type, mass and departures, concrete flexural strength, sub-base material and thickness, as well as subgrade support characteristic. A parametric sensitivity analysis, including three common commercial aircraft and four subgrade conditions, determined that concrete thickness was most sensitive to concrete strength and aircraft mass. The concrete thickness was least sensitive to the sub-base material and thickness and was moderately sensitive to the subgrade condition and aircraft departures. These relative sensitivities were consistent when the results were analysed based on average percentage change in concrete thickness, the average slope of lines of best fit for normalised parameter values and the coefficients of a numeric linear regression for concrete thickness. It is recommended that designers focus their attention on accurately estimating realistic concrete strength and aircraft mass values, as these parameters had the greatest influence on concrete thickness.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-11-2016
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 18-07-2019
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 20-07-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-05-2022
DOI: 10.3390/SU14105942
Abstract: Reliable accelerated simulation of asphalt aging is of significant interest to asphalt researchers and pavement practitioners alike. However, current laboratory aging protocols are either based on binder aging rather than mixture aging or use dry ovens to heat asphalt mixtures, omitting the important effects of UV radiation. Binder aging cannot take into account the interactions between the binder and aggregate phases during aging, while the omission of UV radiation ignores an important catalyst in the aging process. In this study, a comparison of the effect of conventional thermal oven aging to the combined effect of heat and ultraviolet irradiation on the resilient modulus and surface texture of dense-graded asphalt field cores and gyratory-compacted s les was undertaken. Significantly higher rates of modulus increase with aging time were measured for the s les aged by both heat and ultraviolet irradiation. The gyratory-compacted s les showed more realistic results in terms of surface texture compared to the field cores, likely due to the extraction of field cores from a small area of pavement that was subjected to concentrated pneumatic tyre rolling, which was not representative of typical asphalt construction. It was concluded that using aging indices, calculated as the ratio of the aged value to the initial value, is recommended for asphalt aging investigations. The findings of this study highlight the significance and importance of developing aging protocols that combine heat, ultraviolet irradiation, and any other environmental factors that may affect the aging behaviour of asphalt mixtures.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: Czech Technical University in Prague
Date: 30-06-2016
DOI: 10.14311/EE.2016.305
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-03-2017
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2016
Publisher: Czech Technical University in Prague
Date: 30-06-2016
DOI: 10.14311/EE.2016.306
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-05-2022
DOI: 10.3390/SU14116550
Abstract: The workability of asphalt mixtures influences the logistical processes and workmanship during pavement construction. There are various methods for analyzing the workability of asphaltic concrete mixtures. However, there is a lack of user-friendly laboratory methods that enable asphalt technologists, pavement engineers, laboratory technicians, and researchers to characterize the trend of workability via Newtonian physics. In this paper, a new methodology, based on momentum theory, has been proposed to evaluate the effects of construction temperature and compaction aid additives on mixture workability. Additionally, a new parameter, namely, the kinematic densifying index (KDI), is defined by the energy conservation theory. The results indicate a linear relationship between compaction energy and bulk specific gravity, which proportionally influence the indirect tensile strength of the mixtures. An adverse correlation between the KDI and the compaction energy index (CEI) was detected. The trend of the KDI strongly depends on the mixing temperature and the additive content. In conclusion, in the future, the KDI can be recommended as a supplementary indicator to analyze the workability of asphalt mixtures. More research is required to correlate the KDI and the other workability indicator for various aggregate gradations and binder types.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 26-09-2022
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2020
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 24-05-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-10-2017
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 12-07-2018
Publisher: Magnolia Press
Date: 18-01-2022
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5092.1.4
Abstract: The coreid genus Turrana Distant 1911 is redescribed, and a new species Turrana ejuncida sp. nov. is described from specimens collected from Cape Range National Park, Western Australia in 2019 and 2021. Habitus photographs and scanning electron microscopy images are presented of key characters, with X-Ray microtomography deployed to document the male and female genitalia. In addition, DNA barcodes for mitochondrial gene regions COI and 16S were obtained and are made available on Genbank. Finally, the evidence provided in this work is discussed in relation to the systematic position of Turrana.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 23-03-2023
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 05-2015
Abstract: Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is a viable alternate to Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) for airport surfacing in Australia. Limited experience with this technology at Australian airports has prevented its acceptance by airport owners and their designers. WMA does have a significant track record in Europe and the USA, where it has been demonstrated to provide significant environmental, safety, quality and construction flexibility benefits. Differences in available binders and the Australian tendency for thinner asphalt layers and less capable materials makes direct extrapolation of experience from Europe and the USA inappropriate. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the comparative performance of WMA (by foamed bitumen technology) to HMA as an airport surface layer. Comparison between HMA and WMA has been made during a number of projects at Australian airports since 2012. A formal trial was performed at a military airfield as part of a broader project in 2013. A combination of production verification, quality assurance and mix performance tests were used to make comparisons. Subject to ongoing monitoring and performance testing of the military airfield WMA trial section, WMA is now verified as a viable alternate surfacing material for Australian airport runways.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1111/AEN.12579
Abstract: A new genus and new species of stilt bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Berytidae) are described from Western Australia. Arideneides cocosdiaspora gen. et sp. nov. , of the subfamily Berytinae, tribe Berytini, is based on two male and two female specimens. Habitus photographs, scanning electron micrographs and X‐ray microtomography (micro‐CT) are used to document the morphology of this species. DNA sequence data for COI and 16S gene regions are provided.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 26-09-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-10-2021
DOI: 10.3390/MA14206176
Abstract: The push for environmental sustainability in the civil engineering industry has resulted in an increased interest in the use of recycled construction materials, with one ex le being the use of waste plastic for the modification of bituminous binder in asphalt mixtures. Existing research has associated waste plastics with various binder and asphalt mixture performance enhancing properties. However, there is a lack of research on the age-related durability of waste plastic-modified roads. This research compared the effect of commercially available waste plastic binder modifiers on the ageing phenomenon of bituminous binders and asphalt mixtures, to the effect of conventional polymers SBS and EVA, through artificial bituminous binder and asphalt mixture ageing performed in a laboratory. The addition of polymers (both waste and virgin) resulted in an increase in binder stiffness after short-term ageing as the polymer content increased. The effect of the waste plastic on ageing was comparable to the effects associated with the conventional polymers, and it was concluded that the waste plastic binder modified products should be considered sustainable alternatives to standard polymers for bituminous binder and asphalt mixture modification.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1093/ISD/IXY020
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 04-12-2021
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 26-09-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-06-2022
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 23-03-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-09-2021
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 12-2022
Abstract: We report the discovery of a candidate galaxy with a photo- z of z ∼ 12 in the first epoch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey. Following conservative selection criteria, we identify a source with a robust z phot = 11.8 − 0.2 + 0.3 (1 σ uncertainty) with m F200W = 27.3 and ≳7 σ detections in five filters. The source is not detected at λ 1.4 μ m in deep imaging from both Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and JWST and has faint ∼3 σ detections in JWST F150W and HST F160W, which signal a Ly α break near the red edge of both filters, implying z ∼ 12. This object (Maisie’s Galaxy) exhibits F115W − F200W 1.9 mag (2 σ lower limit) with a blue continuum slope, resulting in 99.6% of the photo- z probability distribution function favoring z 11. All data-quality images show no artifacts at the candidate’s position, and independent analyses consistently find a strong preference for z 11. Its colors are inconsistent with Galactic stars, and it is resolved ( r h = 340 ± 14 pc). Maisie’s Galaxy has log M * / M ⊙ ∼ 8.5 and is highly star-forming (log sSFR ∼ −8.2 yr −1 ), with a blue rest-UV color ( β ∼ −2.5) indicating little dust, though not extremely low metallicity. While the presence of this source is in tension with most predictions, it agrees with empirical extrapolations assuming UV luminosity functions that smoothly decline with increasing redshift. Should follow-up spectroscopy validate this redshift, our universe was already aglow with galaxies less than 400 Myr after the Big Bang.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-06-2020
DOI: 10.3390/APP10124224
Abstract: Foamed bitumen stabilisation is an attractive technology for increasing the use of marginal materials in pavement construction and rehabilitation. However, by their very nature, marginal materials do not meet the prescriptive requirements of many standard specifications. Consequently, performance-related evaluation is required. For foamed bitumen stabilised marginal materials, the cured and saturated moduli are common performance-related parameters that are also used for characterisation during structural pavement design. In this research, the indirect tensile moduli of three foamed bitumen stabilised marginal granular materials were compared to the modulus of a standard or premium material, in both cured and saturated conditions, after 3, 7 and 14 days of accelerated laboratory curing. The results indicated that the magnitude of granular material marginality was not related to the stabilised material modulus. Furthermore, the gradations of the two most marginal materials were improved by blending with another granular material and the improved marginal materials were also stabilised and tested. The gradation improvement had a variable effect on the stabilised material modulus, with the average modulus increasing by more than 20%. The modulus increase associated with the gradation improvement was related to the basis and magnitude of granular material marginality, with the saturated modulus of the most plastic marginal material increasing by the greater amount after improvement. It was concluded that foamed bitumen stabilisation is a particularly effective treatment for marginal granular materials. Furthermore, when used in combination with gradation improvement, the resulting foamed bitumen stabilised material can perform similarly to standard materials, based on cured and soaked modulus values. However, to allow the use of foamed bitumen stabilised marginal materials in pavement construction, specifications must be more performance-related and the current limits on plasticity and gradation must be relaxed.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-01-2021
DOI: 10.3390/MA14030502
Abstract: Many airports are surfaced with grooved Marshall-designed dense graded asphalt. Grooving is required to satisfy regulatory aircraft skid resistance requirements, but introduces the risk of groove-related distress, such as groove closure. Consequently, airports seek an ungrooved runway surface option that performs similarly to dense graded asphalt but allows grooving to be avoided. Stone mastic asphalt is the most viable ungrooved runway surface solution and has been used on runways in Europe and China. However, before being accepted as an ungrooved runway surface in Australia, stone mastic asphalt must be shown to meet regulatory runway aircraft skid resistance requirements, and to otherwise perform similarly to typical dense graded asphalt mixtures for runway surfacing, including deformation resistance, fatigue cracking resistance and durability. Based on laboratory performance-related testing, 10-mm and 14-mm sized stone mastic asphalt mixtures, produced with four different aggregate sources, were found to generally meet the airport asphalt performance requirements. The 14 mm mixture was found to perform better than the 10 mm mixture, particularly regarding surface macrotexture and deformation resistance. It was concluded that airports should consider 14 mm sized stone mastic asphalt as an ungrooved runway surface in the future.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-08-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-08-2017
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-02-2022
Abstract: Aircraft pavements are generally designed using deterministic methods and using conservatively selected input parameter values, which combine to result in a low probability of structural failure occurring during the structural design life of the pavement. In contrast, when predicting the actual time until an as-constructed pavement will reach a structural failure condition, stochastic methods are required to take into account the inherently variable nature of pavement material properties and layer thicknesses, and the best-estimate of the input parameter values must replace the conservative values that are commonly used to introduce design reliability. A case study on a rigid aircraft pavement demonstrates the difference between pavement thickness design and pavement life prediction. Using Monte Carlo simulation, it was found that 98.5% of the as-constructed pavement was stronger than the designed pavement and that the predicted fatigue life of the pavement was approximately 180 times greater than the effective design life. It was concluded that the significant difference between pavement design and pavement life prediction explains the practical observation that rigid aircraft pavement service life generally exceeds typical structural design lives.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2005
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 20-07-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-10-2020
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 31-08-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-07-2022
No related grants have been discovered for Nikolai Tatarnic.