ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2518-6684
Current Organisations
Bond University
,
University of New England
,
La Trobe University
,
RMIT University
,
Monash University
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Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-07-2016
Abstract: Up to a quarter of all prostate cancer (PCa) patients suffer from clinically significant depression but treatments are inconsistent and short-lived in their efficacy. One possible reason could be that “male depression” is not adequately diagnosed by the criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) used in many clinical settings. In response to this limitation, the Gotland Scale of Male Depression (GSMD) was developed to identify the extra symptoms of MDD in men. Although the factor structure of the GSMD has been reported in non-PCa s les, it has not been determined for this group of men. Two s les of PCa patients were recruited, 191 from Australia and 138 from the United Kingdom and all patients received the GSMD in idually, plus a background questionnaire. Two-factor solutions were identified for each of the two s les. The Australian s le was characterized by changes in emotional and somatic function, followed by depressed mood. The U.K. s le exhibited the same two-factor solution but in reverse order of weighting. Targeted treatments for depression in PCa patients may benefit from identification of the loadings that in idual patients have on these two GSMD factors so that specific clinical profiles and treatment needs may be based on this information about their depression.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2017.02.003
Abstract: Previous studies have reported correlations between various aspects of the behaviour and symptomatology of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and their parents' self-reports of stress via standardised scales. To extend that literature, a physiological index of parental chronic stress was used instead of their self-reports-dysregulation of the Diurnal Rhythm (DR) of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. A s le of 149 parents of a child with ASD provided salivary cortisol at the predicted time of daily maximum cortisol concentration and at a time of daily lower concentration. Adherence to the predicted DR was assessed via a dichotomous (present/not-present) as well as a continuous measure, and MANOVA and linear regression were used to detect significant associations between ASD-related variables in their children and parents' DR. Identified only a single significant correlate of DR dysregulation in both statistical procedures-Self-Injurious Behaviour (SIB) exhibited by their child and observed by the parents. These findings extend previous data using self-report indices of parental stress and should be included in parent-support settings to alert parents to the long-term health effects of the stress they experience in regard to their child's SIB.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2021.104121
Abstract: Autistic youth are often bullied at school, which may lead to school refusal (SR). Currently, there is little research on factors that may help prevent SR among autistic youth. To advance theory-driven preventative interventions, this study examined associations between psychological resilience and emerging SR (ESR) among autistic youth bullied at school. Fifty-eight autistic boys in elementary school (grades 1-6 n = 36) or secondary school (grades 8-11 n = 22) who were bullied at school responded to an online survey, as did their mothers. Boys reported on the experience of being bullied, psychological resilience (via the Social Emotional Assets and Resilience Scale), and ESR. Their mothers provided information regarding the boys' Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis. Fifty-six percent of this s le of bullied autistic youth displayed ESR. For the secondary school boys there was a significant inverse relationship between psychological resilience and ESR, principally via two characteristics of psychological resilience: 'controlling negative thoughts' and 'remaining calm when angry'. No significant relationship was found between psychological resilience and ESR among elementary school boys. Longitudinal research is needed to determine whether psychological resilience serves as a factor protecting against the emergence of SR among autistic youth who have been bullied.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.BBR.2013.10.032
Abstract: Although depression is often diagnosed via reference to a list of nine criteria which may be used to form a unitary diagnosis, there is significant variation in the content of those nine criteria to justify consideration of four 'clinical content' subtypes of depression based upon differences in symptomatology. Each of those four subtypes has previously been described for their different causes, underlying neurobiological pathways, and treatment requirements. This paper reports on the validity, reliability and prevalence of those four subtypes of depression across three s les of participants. Validity is demonstrated and satisfactory reliability values are reported for each subtype, plus significant correlations between items used to measure each subtype, arguing for the in idual homogeneity of each of these four subtypes. Prevalence data indicated that there were significant subtype differences at the s le and in idual level, challenging the usage of a single global depression score. These results argue for further consideration of these subtypes when researching depression and in planning in idualised treatment regimes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2014.11.010
Abstract: There is considerable evidence of a confound between symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children who have an ASD. Although there have been several attempts to describe how these two disorders overlap and interact to influence the assessment and diagnosis of children with an ASD, principally by reference to cortisol assayed from these children's saliva, the overall evidence is inconsistent. Because previous models of these relationships have focused upon cortisol and GAD to the exclusion of age, diurnal fluctuation in the HPA axis and the source of GAD data, these variables were examined in a s le of 150 young males with an ASD. Results indicated that there was a significant interaction between these variables, with the association between GAD and cortisol demonstrated for children but not for adolescents, with an interaction between the source of GAD information (self- vs parent-ratings) and whether the child's cortisol concentrations followed the expected diurnal reduction during the day. These data suggest that the validity of cortisol as a biomarker of GAD in children and adolescents with an ASD may be established for only selected subgroups of this population.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 30-04-2018
Abstract: The objective of the current study was to identify the patient-perceived “worst aspects” of their diagnostic and treatment processes for prostate cancer (PCa) so as to inform targeted interventions aimed at reducing patient anxiety and depression. Two hundred and fifty-two patients who had received their diagnoses less than 8 years ago answered a postal survey about (a) background information, (b) their own descriptions of the worst aspects of their diagnosis and treatment, and (c) their ratings of 13 aspects of that process for (i) how these aspects made them feel stressed, anxious, and depressed and (ii) how they affected their relationships with significant others. They also answered standardized scales of anxiety and depression. The worst aspects reported by patients were receiving the initial diagnosis of PCa, plus the unknown outcome of that diagnosis, because of the possibility of death, loss of quality of life and/or partner, and the shock of the diagnosis. The most common coping strategy was to “just deal with it,” but participants also thought that more information would help. Principal contributors to feeling stressed, anxious, and depressed were also the diagnosis itself, followed by surgery treatment effects. The aspects that most affected relationships were receiving the diagnosis and the side effects of hormone therapy. The identification of these specific worst aspects of the PCa experience provides a set of potential treatment and prevention “targets” for psychosocial care in PCa patients.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJDEVNEU.2016.03.005
Abstract: The association between Sensory Features (SF) and seven anxiety disorders was investigated using self-reports and parental reports about 140 young males with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Although there were significant correlations between SF and self- and parent-ratings of some of the seven anxiety disorders, overall, SF was found to have an inconsistent association across the seven anxiety disorders and this was also found for the 8 symptoms of Generalised Anxiety Disorder. These data challenge the practice of assessing SF and anxiety via global measures and argue for in idualized disorder-specific assessments to develop more effective diagnoses and treatments for the effects of SF.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-11-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJDEVNEU.2017.11.002
Abstract: Eating Disturbances (ED) often occur in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) but most previous studies have relied on parent-reported data about males with ASD. Few studies have collected data from younger girls with ASD using self-reports and parents' reports. To compare self-reports and parents' reports of ED in a s le of 52 young girls with ASD, a standardised scale for ED was revised for use with younger girls with ASD. Mothers of 52 girls with ASD aged from 6 to 17 years completed the Swedish Eating Assessment for Autism spectrum disorders (SWEAA) on their daughters the girls also completed the SWEAA as a self-report. The prevalence of severe ED in the s le was low (about 11%). There were minimal significant differences between mothers' and daughters' SWEAA responses across most SWEAA subscales. Deletion of several of the original SWEAA items produced a scale that can be used as a self-report or a carer-report with young girls with ASD. The clinical assessment of ED via self- or parent reports is suggested as a pathway to identify girls with ASD who also exhibit ED so that adequate treatment planning can be developed for them.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-07-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-05-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-01-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-02-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-019-03917-1
Abstract: To investigate possible correlates of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) in young males with ASD, a test of the mediation effects of sensory features (SF) upon the association between ASD symptoms and GAD was conducted with 150 males aged 6 to 18 years. GAD data were obtained from parents of the boys and from the boys themselves SF and ASD data were obtained from parents. Symptoms of ASD were found to influence elevated levels of parent-rated GAD indirectly through greater levels of sensory avoiding, and auditory-specific sensory behaviours correlated with parent-rated anxiety more strongly than other sensory modalities. There were no significant effects for the boys' self-rated GAD.
Publisher: PAGEPress Publications
Date: 04-11-2019
DOI: 10.4081/GC.2019.8568
Abstract: Animals can have a positive influence on human health. However, it is not yet known whether pet ownership can prevent cognitive decline. Therefore, we aimed to investigate cross-sectional and prospective associations between pet ownership and cognitive function in a large, representative s le of older adults. Data were from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) using data collected in wave 5 and six years later in wave 8. Pet ownership was categorized as no pet, dog, cat or other pet. Cognitive function was assessed using tests of verbal fluency (assessed by asking how many different animals the participants could name in 60 seconds) and memory (sum of immediate and delayed verbal recall). Multiple linear regression, adjusted for potential confounders, was used to test the associations between pet ownership and cognitive function. A total of 8291 people (mean age: 66.72 years) were included. In cross-sectional analyses, dog owners had better verbal fluency than in iduals with no pet, but there was no significant difference between cat or other pet owners and those with no pet. In prospective analyses, dog owners had a significantly larger decline in recall than those with no pet, whilst cat owners had a significantly smaller decline in verbal fluency. These results provide some evidence to suggest that pet ownership may have positive effects on cognition in later life. However, benefits of pet ownership were not unilaterally observed across different types of pet and measures of cognitive function suggesting that further research is required.
Publisher: IMR Press
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 10-02-2014
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.12170
Abstract: Although psychological resilience has been shown to 'buffer' against depression following major stressors, no studies have reported on this relationship within the prostate cancer (PCa) population, many of whom are at elevated risk of depression, health problems and suicide. To investigate the effects of resilience upon anxiety and depression in the PCa population, postal surveys of 425 PCa patients were collected from two sites: 189 PCa patients at site 1 and 236 at site 2. Background data plus responses to depression and resilience scales were collected. Results indicated that total resilience score was a significant buffer against depression across both sites. Resilience had different underlying component factor structures across sites, but only one (common) factor significantly (inversely) predicted depression. Within that factor, only some specific items significantly predicted depression scores, suggesting a focused relationship between resilience and depression. It may be concluded that measures of resilience may be used to screen depression at-risk PCa patients. These patients might benefit from resilience training to enhance their ability to cope effectively with the stress of their diagnosis and treatment. A focus upon specific aspects of overall resilience may be of further benefit in both these processes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2017.02.014
Abstract: Aggression is a major problem in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) but little is known about the possible contributors to this behaviour. To determine the relative strength of the relationships between developmental, cognitive, symptomatic, hormonal and mood factors and 'Aggression towards Others' in boys with ASD. Predictors of Aggression towards Others were investigated in a s le of 136 boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder (M age=11.3yr, SD=3.2yr, range=6yr to 17yr). Data were collected from the boys themselves and their parents (14 fathers, 122 mothers). Results indicated that age and Low Registration on the Sensory Profile were the only significant correlates of this form of aggression. Importantly, testosterone levels did not account for level of social aggression. These data suggest that these boys may have learnt more effective methods of dealing with their frustration as they grew older or benefitted from cognitive maturation, and that having a high neurological threshold may be a source of frustration for these boys. The relationship between Aggression towards Others and Low Registration is discussed and clinical implications of the findings explicated.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-11-2010
DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2010.516810
Abstract: To determine the presence and nature of variability in anxiety and depression in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) over 3 years following diagnosis, 442 patients with PCa completed standardized anxiety and depression inventories via survey between 1 and 36 months after receiving their initial diagnosis. Data were analyzed from a series of 3-month cohorts, and results indicated that total scores and incidence of clinically significant anxiety and depression varied over time, but that this variability was restricted to specific subfactors of anxiety and depression. Provision of effective psychological treatment to patients with PCa is discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-05-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-010-9098-5
Abstract: Depression in breast cancer (BCa) patients can reduce quality of life, relationships and treatment compliance, thus constituting a major target for cognitive behavioural (CBT) interventions. Although CBT treatments, which are built upon consideration of the roles of antecedents and consequences for depressive behaviour, are effective, the nature of those antecedents which trigger depression among BCa patients has received relatively little attention. Hypotheses were (1) to determine if BCa patients were experiencing either or both of punishment type I and II and (2) to identify if these aspects of punishment were related to overall depression. Two hundred fifty-three BCa patients completed a standardised depression scale, and data were factor analysed. Components were interpreted for their relationship to punishment type I or II. Two major components emerged: (1) loss of previously available sources of personal or social reinforcement (i.e. punishment type II or negative punishment) and (2) behavioural, emotional and cognitive responses to those losses. These two components represent the total symptomatology of major depressive episode from DSM-IV-TR. These findings support the application of a functional analytic model of depression within CBT assessment and treatment procedures with BCa patients.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S168291
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2017.02.010
Abstract: The relationship between symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is complex and sometimes confounding. However, exploration of that relationship has significant potential to assist in treatment or avoidance of GAD by identifying ASD-related behaviours as 'targets' for intervention with anxious children as well as for preventative treatments that could be implemented into daily routines before children become anxious. To further understanding of this relationship, the association between parent-ratings of their sons' ASD symptoms and GAD symptoms was investigated in two s les of boys with high-functioning ASD. Parents of a s le of 90 pre-adolescent (M age=8.8yr) and 60 adolescent males (M age=14.6yr) completed the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the GAD subscale of the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory (CASI-4 GAD) about their sons. Pre-adolescents had significantly higher SRS scale scores than adolescents. For pre-adolescents, high levels of tension in social situations were associated with 3.5-times greater likelihood of having GAD for adolescents, experiencing difficulty in changes in routine was associated with a 10-fold increase in risk of GAD. In addition to focussing upon GAD itself, preventative and treatment options aimed at reducing GAD or its risk might profitably recognise and focus upon these two aspects of ASD that are different across the two age groups but each of which was significantly associated with GAD severity and prevalence in this study.
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJDEVNEU.2018.03.006
Abstract: It has been suggested that higher cognitive functioning based in the pre‐frontal cortex is implicated in the ability of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to understand and communicate in social situations. Low motivation to engage in social interaction may also be influential in this process. Although both of these factors have been argued to influence the levels of comorbid anxiety in young people with ASD, no detailed examination of those relationships has been reported to date. A s le of 90 boys with ASD (aged 6 to 12 yr) and 29 of their non‐ASD peers, matched for age and IQ, completed tests of cognitive function and anxiety. Only one form of anxiety—fear of being separated from their parents– was significantly associated with cognitive function, at the Full Scale IQ and Matrix Reasoning levels, plus motivation to engage in social interactions, and only for the ASD boys. These data represent a complex interaction between the neurobiological aspects of ASD, fluid reasoning, social motivation, and Separation Anxiety in boys with ASD. As such, they bring a new perspective to understanding and treating anxious behaviour in these boys.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2012
DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2011.651261
Abstract: Antiandrogen therapy (AAT) is a common adjunct treatment for prostate cancer (PCa) patients and has shown significant benefits to long-term outcomes from radiation or surgery. Although AAT has some adverse side effects and data from breast cancer patients indicate that such side effects from hormonal therapies may contribute to anxiety and depression and may also hinder AAT treatment compliance, this issue has not been investigated within a s le of PCa patients. This study explores the incidence of AAT side effects in a s le of PCa patients, the links between those side effects and anxiety and depression, the possible ways in which these factors may contribute to AAT treatment noncompliance in PCa patients, and how psychosocial treatments might be developed to attend to this issue. 147 PCa patients completed questionnaires on demographic factors, treatment compliance, AAT side effects, anxiety and depression. About 18% of the s le reported AAT side effects, and there was a significant association between the presence of side effects and elevated anxiety and depression scores. Increased frequency of side effects was significantly associated with elevated anxiety, but not depression. The most powerful relationship between AAT side effects and anxiety-depression was for the subfactors of (1) Fatigue, Pain and Discomfort, and (2) Psychological Agitation and Pessimism. Although fatigue, pain, and discomfort may be outcomes of the hormonal treatment itself, psychological agitation and pessimism represent a discrete psychological pathway between AAT side effects and anxiety and depression and (potentially) treatment noncompliance. Methods of addressing patients' loss of optimism in their treatment outcomes are discussed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-02-2016
Publisher: Peertechz Publications Private Limited
Date: 31-07-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-05-2021
Abstract: Young people with autism are often bullied at school, a potential direct correlate of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This may be compounded by their difficulties in social interaction. Alternately, some of these young people may develop ‘coping strategies’ against bullying that may have an inverse association with PTSD. As a vulnerable population for PTSD, a s le of 71 young males with autism were surveyed for their self-reported experiences of being bullied at school, their coping strategies for dealing with this bullying, and their own evaluations of the severity of two of the key diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Their mothers also provided a rating of the severity of the three major diagnostic criteria for autism for these boys. Over 80% of this s le had been bullied, and there was a significant direct correlation between this and PTSD score, and between their mother-rated severity of the boys’ social interaction difficulties, but also a significant inverse correlation between their coping strategies and PTSD score. There were differences in these relationships according to whether the boys attended elementary or secondary school. These findings hold implications for the identification, assessment and support of autistic youth at risk of PTSD.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATURITAS.2014.09.014
Abstract: Hot flushes and night sweats (HFNS) are commonly experienced by men receiving treatment for prostate cancer. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been found to be an effective treatment for HFNS in women, but cognitions and behavioural reactions to HFNS in men are under-researched. This study describes the development of the HFNS beliefs and behaviour scale for men. HFNS beliefs and behaviour items were generated from a qualitative study, from pilot interviews with men with prostate cancer and HFNS, and from scales used for women. 118 men with prostate cancer, aged above 18, English-speaking, who had minimum of seven HFNS weekly for at least 1 month, completed the initial measure, and measures of HFNS frequency, problem rating, anxiety and depression (HADS). Principal components analyses with orthogonal rotation determined the most coherent solution. Exploratory factor analysis culminated in a 17-item HFNS beliefs and behaviour scale for men (HFBBS-Men) with three subscales: (1) HFNS social context and sleep, (2) Calm/Acceptance, (3) Humour/Openness. The subscales had reasonable internal consistency (Cronbach alpha 0.56-0.83). Validity was supported, by correlations between subscale 1, HFNS frequency, problem-rating and mood men with locally advanced cancer more likely to adopt Calm/Acceptance and those with metastatic cancer Humour/Openness. Preliminary analysis of the HFBBS-Men suggests that it is a psychometrically sound instrument, grounded in men's experiences. As a measure of cognitive and behavioural reactions to HF/NS, the HFBBS-Men should increase understanding of the mediators of outcomes of psychological interventions, such as CBT.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2015
DOI: 10.1002/PON.3776
Abstract: The aim of this study was to review regret following treatment for localized prostate cancer, including factors associated with higher levels of regret, regret after specific treatments and the use of interventions to modify the likelihood of regret. Online databases including Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, EBSCO and PsycINFO were searched in June 2014, using the terms 'prostate' and 'regret' for publications written in English and appearing in print since the year 1997. Of 422 articles identified by the search criteria, 28 contained analyzable data regarding 8118 patients. The most commonly identified factors associated with regret after prostate cancer treatment were treatment toxicity factors, especially sexual and urinary function. Other factors included older age and longer time since treatment. The levels of regret were generally higher after radical prostatectomy than external beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy. Decision-making aids were the most commonly used method for reducing the likelihood of regret and were effective. This is the first systematic review of regret following treatment for localized prostate cancer. Suggestions for the future study of regret in this setting can be made. These include the use of a standardized scale recognizing levels of regret as low, medium or high and separately identifying the decision made when patients have combinations of treatments such as surgery followed by radiotherapy.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-07-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-11-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-2010
DOI: 10.1375/AJGC.20.1.41
Abstract: Although several previous scales have been developed to measure the presence and effects of the stressful demands encountered by university students, most of these have been validated with s les drawn from US universities, commonly using only undergraduate psychology students. In addition, many of the items used are from scales designed for application within general adult populations, with little focus upon the specific stressors met by students. In order to identify what are the major changes these students encounter that they find stressful, a s le of 32 university students from different degree areas within an Australian university was in idually interviewed using a standardised protocol. Results indicated that (unlike US data) these students found dislocation to family, friend and partner relationships most stressful, followed by the time demands of study and financial restrictions. Limitations of the study, future research directions and implications for counsellors are discussed.
Publisher: IMR Press
Date: 06-2010
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-2008
DOI: 10.1375/AJGC.18.1.1
Abstract: School psychologists who contribute to the assessment of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are required by various Australian state government authorities to use standardised testing of cognitive skills, adaptive behaviour and some autism-based symptomatology to demonstrate the eligibility of those children for support funding in the school environment. However, this process does not always address the needs of parents and teachers for detailed and particular analysis of the reasons for the pervasive behavioural difficulties often shown by children with an ASD. Such difficult behaviour has been shown to contribute to high levels of stress among caregivers and often prevents the child with an ASD from successful school inclusion. Therefore, it would be advantageous for parents and teachers to have access to information obtained from an analysis of the child's behavioural difficulties as one outcome of the formal testing process that is conducted to examine the possible presence of an ASD. This paper presents a brief ex le of how a basic behavioural investigation might be incorporated into the assessment of children with a suspected ASD.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-09-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.BBR.2010.06.031
Abstract: The experience of emotion underlies emotional expression and consequent action. Although several theoretical models of emotion have suggested that emotional expression is reciprocally involved with sensory inputs and behavioural responses to environmental stimuli, these discussions have largely focused upon fear and its survival value to the organism. By describing research studies across a wide range of emotions and the specific brain regions that are associated with those emotions, this review raises the hypothesis that the "form" of emotional experience neurogeography has followed the "function" associated with developing complex emotional and behavioural responses to challenging environmental stimuli. This separation of emotions within the brain thus confers a survival advantage for the organism in terms of reproduction, safety, and development of more effective problem-solving strategies.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-10-2014
Abstract: The incidence and contribution to total depression of the depressive symptoms of cognitive deficit and cognitive bias in prostate cancer (PCa) patients were compared from cohorts s led during the first 2 years after diagnosis. Survey data were collected from 394 patients with PCa, including background information, treatments, and disease status, plus total scores of depression and scores for subscales of the depressive symptoms of cognitive bias and cognitive deficit via the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. The s le was ided into eight 3-monthly time-since-diagnosis cohorts and according to depression severity. Mean scores for the depressive symptoms of cognitive deficit were significantly higher than those for cognitive bias for the whole s le, but the contribution of cognitive bias to total depression was stronger than that for cognitive deficit. When ided according to overall depression severity, patients with clinically significant depression showed reversed patterns of association between the two subsets of cognitive symptoms of depression and total depression compared with those patients who reported less severe depression. Differences in the incidence and contribution of these two different aspects of the cognitive symptoms of depression for patients with more severe depression argue for consideration of them when assessing and diagnosing depression in patients with PCa. Treatment requirements are also different between the two types of cognitive symptoms of depression, and several suggestions for matching treatment to illness via a personalized medicine approach are discussed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-01-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-03-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-05-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-11-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2021
DOI: 10.1177/15579883211001201
Abstract: Men who suffer from prostate cancer (PCa) need to make important decisions regarding their treatment options. There is some evidence that these men may suffer from sleep difficulties due to their cancer or its diagnosis and treatment. Although sleep difficulties have been associated with cognitive depression in other s les of men, they have not been examined in PCa patients, despite the importance of decision-making for these men. This study was designed to investigate the association between sleep difficulties and cognitive depression in PCa patients. A s le of 96 PCa patients completed a background questionnaire, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, and the Insomnia Severity Index. Comparison was made between sleep difficulty scores from before the patients received their diagnosis of PCa to the time of survey, allowing use of a “retrospective pretest” methodology. Just over 61% of the s le reported a deterioration in sleep quality, and this was significantly associated with cognitive depression ( r = .346, p = .007). At the specific symptom level, having a clear mind significantly contributed to the variance in difficulty falling asleep (R 2 change = .140, F for change = 9.298, p = .003). Sleeping difficulties, particularly falling asleep, are common and associated with depression-related to ability to think clearly in PCa patients. This has potentially adverse effects upon the ability of men with PCa to understand their treatment options and make decisions about them.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-11-2014
DOI: 10.1002/PON.3448
Abstract: To identify the factors underlying prostate cancer (PCa) patients' depression-anxiety, sexual problems, urinary dysfunction and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)-linked breast changes and hot flushes, and test these as predictors of loss of masculinity (LoM) over 36 months following diagnosis. One thousand seventy patients from the TROG 03.04 (RADAR) trial the EORTC QLQ C-30 and PR 25 questionnaires, and the International Prostate Cancer Symptom Score of the American Urological Association at baseline, 3, 7, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months. Selected items from these scales were factor-analysed to identify a four-component solution for responses at 18 and 36 months, and these components were regressed against a single-item measuring LoM. Depression-anxiety factor was the most powerful predictor of LoM at both time points, followed by sexual problems of ADT side effects (breast changes and hot flushes). Urinary dysfunction was not a consistent predictor of LoM. Depression-anxiety was also the most significant factor distinguishing between those men who reported LoM and those who did not. Although LoM is often reported as arising from ADT, the relative power of depression-anxiety in predicting LoM, both at the selected time points and using a time-lagged analysis, plus the finding that depression-anxiety was the most consistent difference between men who reported LoM and those who did not, argues for the presence of adverse mood states as being the key ingredient in deciding if PCa patients experience loss of their feelings of masculinity.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S166010
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 02-03-2017
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.12671
Abstract: To measure the prevalence and severity of Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD), hypo- and hypercortisolaemia, and their association in a s le of prostate cancer (PCa) patients, 97 Australian PCa patients completed a background questionnaire and the GAD-7, and provided a s le of saliva collected 30-45 min after waking. The mean GAD7 score was 9.67 (SD = 3.09), and prevalence rates for current anxiety were higher than those reported for non-PCa males of a similar age. Mean salivary cortisol concentrations (30.78 nmol/L, SD = 13.97 nmol/L) were also higher than for age-comparative non-PCa men. There was a significant inverse correlation between GAD and cortisol (r = -. 209, p < .05), and four subgroups of GAD-cortisol patients were able to be identified, with evidence of both hyper- and hypocortisolaemia. These findings provide initial neurobiological evidence of the chronic and profound nature of stress experienced by PCa patients, and also suggest a possible measure that might be used to identify most at-risk PCa patients.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-09-2013
DOI: 10.1002/PON.3203
Abstract: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of depressed mood and anhedonia in a s le of men with prostate cancer (PCa) and to determine which of these key symptoms contributed most to the overall depressive status of that s le. From Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) responses collected on 526 PCa patients, direct comparisons were made between the prevalence of the first two DSM-IV-TR symptoms of Major Depressive Episode. These symptoms were then tested for their predictive power on depression total score and Zung's criteria for 'clinically significant' depression. Mean scores for anhedonia were significantly higher than for depressed mood, and nearly 25 times as many patients had a high score for anhedonia as for depressed mood. The same pattern of results was apparent for those patients who had clinically significant levels of depression. Anhedonia was a more powerful predictor of total SDS depression score for the entire s le as well as for those patients with more severe depression. Because the biological basis for anhedonia is different to that for depressed mood, treatment options also differ for patients who show a preponderance of anhedonia in their depressive symptomatology. Suggestions are made for treatment choices for these PCa patients.
Publisher: IMR Press
Date: 03-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-04-2014
DOI: 10.1002/PON.3566
Abstract: The aim of this study is to explore the associations between hormone treatment variables and depression, and the nature of depression in prostate cancer (PCa) patients by comparing the severity and symptom profile of anxiety and depression in men who were currently receiving hormone therapy (HT) versus those who were not. Self-reports of anxiety and depression on standardized scales of GAD and major depressive disorder (MDD) were collected from 156 PCa patients across two recruitment sites in Australia. Patients who were currently receiving HT were compared with patients not receiving HT for their severity and symptom profiles on GAD and MDD. Participants receiving HT had significantly higher GAD and MDD total scores than patients who were not receiving HT. In addition, the symptom profiles of these two HT subgroups were differentiated by significantly higher scores on the key criteria for GAD and MDD plus fatigue and sleeping difficulties but not the remaining symptoms of GAD and MDD. However, there were no significant differences between HT subgroups for the degree of functional impairment experienced by these symptoms. Although these data confirm the association between HT and anxiety/depression, the range of GAD and MDD symptoms influenced is relatively restricted. Moreover, functional ability does not appear to be impaired by HT. These findings clarify the ways in which HT affects PCa patients and suggests that a simple total scale score for anxiety and depression may not be as helpful in designing treatment as consideration of the symptomatic profiles of PCa patients receiving HT.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 02-10-2017
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.12393
Abstract: This study investigated differences in the scores, relative severity and major depressive disorder (MDD) and subsyndromal depression status from three standardised self-report scales for depression in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression subscale (HADS-D), the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression were administered to a s le of 138 PCa patients via mail-out self-reports in Queensland, Australia during May 2014. Despite significant correlations between the total scores from the three scales, severity classification differed across the three scales and there was evidence of considerable underestimation of depression by the HADS-D compared to the PHQ-9, and a similar tendency for the SDS. When patients were classified as fulfilling the criteria for Subsyndromal Depression on the PHQ-9, there were statistically significant differences in the proportion of patients who met those criteria using the HADS-D and the SDS, with large underestimation also present for these two scales. Scale construction and depression items included can produce different results across scales, making inter-study comparisons difficult. Implications for research and clinical practice are described.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-04-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.BBR.2020.112482
Abstract: Although EEG connectivity data are often used to build models of the association between overt behavioural signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and underlying brain connectivity indices, use of a large number of possible connectivity methods across studies has produced a fairly inconsistent set of results regarding this association. To explore the level of agreement between results from five commonly-used EEG connectivity models (i.e., Coherence, Weighted Phased Lag Index- Debiased, Phase Locking Value, Phase Slope Index, Granger Causality), a s le of 41 young males with ASD provided EEG data under eyes-opened and eyes-closed conditions. There were relatively few statistically significant and/or meaningful correlations between the results obtained from the five connectivity methods, arguing for a re-estimation of the methodology used in such studies so that specific connectivity methods may be matched to particular research questions regarding the links between neural connectivity and overt behaviour within this population.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2009
DOI: 10.1002/PON.1382
Abstract: Depression among prostate cancer patients remains a major source of distress for them and their families, has been linked with suicide, and has been shown to contribute to poorer longterm treatment outcomes. Most psychological assessment strategies focus upon the presence of depressive symptomatology without identifying the specific causal antecedents that lead to depression among this patient group, although this underlies effective in idually-oriented treatment planning and delivery. 150 prostate cancer patients completed self reports on anxiety, depression and lifestyle changes that they had experienced as a result of receiving a diagnosis of, and treatment for their cancer. The principal instrument being investigated was a measure of 50 lifestyle changes that had been developed from previous interviews with prostate cancer patients. Data indicated significant relationships between depression scores and the frequency of unpleasant lifestyle changes and the ratings that participants gave to these changes, supporting a model of depression as an adaptive withdrawal from noxious stimuli and environments. Psychometric data provided a method of deleting several items so that a clinical analysis and a research scale of 36 items was developed for use with prostate cancer patients. Implications for treatment are discussed in terms of accurate identification of antecedents that lead to a further understanding of depression as an 'adaptive' response of active withdrawal from noxious environments.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1002/PON.4496
Abstract: To investigate the effect of chronic stress as measured in cortisol concentrations upon the association between psychological resilience (PR) and depression in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. A total of 104 men with PCa completed inventories on PR, depression, and background factors, plus gave a s le of their saliva for cortisol assay. The inverse correlation between PR and depression was present only for PCa patients with low or moderate concentrations of salivary cortisol (when classified as more than 1.0 SD below the mean vs within 1.0 SD of the group mean) but not for those men whose cortisol was >1.0 SD from the group mean. Specific PR factors and behaviours that made the greatest contribution to depression were identified for the low and moderate cortisol groups. These results suggest that there are particular aspects of PR that are most strongly related to depression, but that PR's inverse association with depression may be absent in participants with extreme chronic physiological stress.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-08-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2017.07.029
Abstract: The comparative strength of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism as a 'predictor' of depression after major stress, versus the 'protective' effect of psychological resilience (PR) against depression after major stress, was tested in a homogeneous s le of older men who had all received a diagnosis and treatment for prostate cancer. Results supported the association between PR and lower depression after stress, but did not support the association between the 5-HTTLPR and elevated depression after stress. Examination of PR at scale, factor, and item level identified the specific PR-related behaviour that was the most powerful predictor of low depression. These data suggest that the carriage of the short form of the 5-HTTLPR may negate the protective effect of PR against depression in these men, or that PR may nullify the depression vulnerability of this form of the 5-HTTLPR. These findings may explain some of the 'null' findings regarding the link between the 5-HTTLPR and depression in the wider literature by arguing for an interaction between these two factors in the association between major stress and depression.
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1159/000348531
Abstract: b i Background: /i /b Although depression is often reported in prostate cancer patients, some tests of depression omit the somatic criteria that are listed for Major Depressive Episode, arguing that these may be confounded by the cancer itself. However, this omission may be challenged in terms of the particular somatic symptoms that have been associated with prostate cancer. Therefore, the present study investigated the relative contribution to total depression scores made by the somatic criteria for Major Depressive Episode that were not caused by prostate cancer. b i Patients and Methods: /i /b prostate cancer patients completed the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Data were analysed to compare the predictive power of 5 subsets of depression on patients' total depressive scores. b i Results: /i /b Somatic symptoms were the most powerful predictor of total depression scores, followed by anhedonia and depressed mood, with similar findings for depression clinical status. Emotional symptoms and cognitive confusion were not significant predictors of total depression scores but did predict depression clinical status. b i Conclusion: /i /b Valid and reliable assessment of depression and selection of appropriate treatment options in prostate cancer patients requires consideration of somatic items which match the DSM-IV-TR criteria for Major Depressive Episode.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-03-2017
DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2017.1306733
Abstract: Repeated surveys of prostate cancer (PCa) patients indicate that their prevalence of depression is well above that for their non-PCa peers. Although standard first-line treatments for depression are only about 35% effective, some recent comments have suggested that a focus upon the possible correlates (factors that aggravate or mediate depression) might help improve treatment efficacy. To investigate this issue, 144 10 year PCa survivors were asked about the frequency of urinary incontinence, a common side effect of some PCa treatments. The 53 patients who suffered urinary incontinence had significantly higher depression scores on the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale than those patients who did not report urinary incontinence. Using mediation analysis, patients' psychological resilience (PR) significantly mediated the depressive effects of urinary incontinence, but those effects were confined to just one of the five components of PR-a sense of control over the things that happen to oneself. Implications for treatment models of psychosocial oncology support for PCa survivors are discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-09-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2019.112669
Abstract: Although previous data indicate that dyadic coping is associated with Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA-axis and C-reactive protein (CRP) separately, no study has reported on the ratio between these two systems and dyadic coping, despite this index of physiological homeostasis being associated with physical health and depression. Forty-eight community volunteers who were either married (n = 36) or cohabiting (n = 12) provided saliva and serum s les, and also completed a dyadic coping inventory. There was a significant inverse correlation between cortisol:CRP ratio and dyadic coping, but only for married participants. One of the six dyadic coping items, related to being able to calmly discuss something within a dyad, was the key factor in the association between dyadic coping and cortisol:CRP ratio. These findings provide some initial support for the influence of the way that spouses interact to solve problems and the balance between their HPA and immune systems.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-09-2023
DOI: 10.3390/SYM15091689
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-01-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 26-05-2021
Abstract: To determine whether males exhibited a different form of depression to Major Depressive Disorder, 85 male volunteers completed a survey questionnaire about background variables, the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS). Almost 50% of the variance in the GMDS was not accounted for by the SDS, and the sensitivity of the SDS against the GMDS showed that about 15% of those men who were identified as depressed on the GMDS would not be similarly identified on the SDS. Different prevalence rates from the two scales suggested that they were assessing different sets of symptoms of depression. A combined SDS-GMDS scale of 24 items was used to produce a profile of male depression in these men.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-06-2016
Publisher: Komitet Redakcyjno - Wydawniczy Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychiatrycznego
Date: 05-10-2016
DOI: 10.12740/APP/62976
Abstract: To describe the prevalence and factor structure of anxiety-depression in a community s le and to derive indicators for treatment planning. A s le of 398 members of the Electoral Roll for the New England region of Australia were recruited at random and completed the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale and the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale. The prevalence of anxiety-depression was 28.1%, over twice that for either anxiety or depression alone. The anxiety-depression construct was comprised of four underlying factors: Cognitive Agitation & Depressed Mood, Pessimism, Cardiovascular Reactivity, and Pain & Sleep Disturbance. There were different patterns of these four factors across Anxiety-only, Depression-only and combined anxiety-depression, with evidence for a unique symptomatological profile for participants with clinically significant levels of anxiety-depression. Anxiety-depression comorbidity was relatively common in this community s le of Australians, with over a quarter of participants meeting the cutoff for clinically significant scores on the combined SAS-SDS construct. These results also highlight the need to consider the presence of clinically significant anxiety-depression as representing a larger proportion of this s le than either anxiety or depression alone. Treatment decisions for anxiety and depression need to go beyond consideration of the two disorders separately to include the underlying factor severity of the combined construct of anxiety-depression.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-11-2015
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 22-08-2021
DOI: 10.1111/HSC.13486
Abstract: Housing is a significant determinant of health and is widely accepted as a key solution to address some of the health disparities that exist among the homeless. It is estimated that 150 million people worldwide are homeless, and approximately 1.8 billion lack adequate housing. However, understanding of how housing has a positive impact on the health of the homeless remains unclear and underdeveloped. This systematic review investigates intervention studies that report on the physical and mental health effects of housing homeless persons. A search of PubMed, PsycINFO, EBSCOHost-Academic Search Complete and the Cochrane Library was conducted for peer-reviewed articles published in English from 1999 to 2020 that had a combination of at least one housing intervention and health outcome, with a homeless s le. Three previous reviews and 24 studies were included for analysis. Most of the studies (n = 20) encompassed permanent supportive housing interventions that emphasised placing homeless people with mental illness directly into affordable housing with access to support services. The primary health outcomes reported were general physical and mental health, well-being, and quality of life. Despite inconsistent findings and significant issues identified in the reviewed literature, housing (in the short term) improves some aspects of health in homeless populations with human immunodeficiency virus, anxiety and depression.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-10-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-017-3913-3
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between prostate cancer (PCa) patients' regret that their surgery harmed them, and their scores on the two key symptoms of major depressive disorder (depressed mood, anhedonia) and a symptom of melancholic depression (disruption to circadian rhythm). Forty PCa patients who had received surgery for their PCa completed a postal survey including background information, regret about surgery that 'did them a lot of harm' and three items drawn from the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale measuring depressed mood, anhedonia and circadian rhythm disruption. There were significant correlations between all three symptoms of depression (depressed mood, anhedonia, disruption to circadian rhythm) and between patients' regret that surgery did them a lot of harm and their circadian rhythm disruption, but not between depressed mood or anhedonia and regret about surgery doing harm. These findings suggest that PCa patients' post-surgery regrets about major harm may lead to a significant disruption in a central physiological function and raise the need to consider this side effect of surgery when planning supportive services for these men.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJDEVNEU.2019.04.003
Abstract: Many children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibit distress when asked to transition from one task to another. This study aimed to determine if physiological stress during transition was due to ASD-related rigidity or to their preference for some tasks over others. The effects of change of task alone versus a change in task 'preferedness' when undergoing forced activity transition were investigated in 29 boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Total s le data indicated a significant increase in heart rate (HR) during transition from a preferred to a non-preferred task, but not during transition from one preferred task to another preferred task, or from a non-preferred task to a preferred task. These data are suggestive of an effect due to the 'preferedness' of the task rather than just the change in task alone. Two subgroups of participants emerged, one which followed the 'expected' HR responsivity model to stress, and one which failed to follow that model. Transition-related distress may be confounded by preferredness of task when understanding transition stress in boys with ASD.
Publisher: IMR Press
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-06-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-09-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00134-016-4437-X
Abstract: We assessed the predefined long-term outcomes in patients randomised in the Transfusion Requirements in Septic Shock (TRISS) trial. In 32 Scandinavian ICUs, we randomised 1005 patients with septic shock and haemoglobin of 9 g/dl or less to receive single units of leuko-reduced red cells when haemoglobin level was 7 g/dl or less (lower threshold) or 9 g/dl or less (higher threshold) during ICU stay. We assessed mortality rates 1 year after randomisation and again in all patients at time of longest follow-up in the intention-to-treat population (n = 998) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) 1 year after randomisation in the Danish patients only (n = 777). Mortality rates in the lower- versus higher-threshold group at 1 year were 53.5 % (268/501 patients) versus 54.6 % (271/496) [relative risk 0.97 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.85-1.09 P = 0.62] at longest follow-up (median 21 months), they were 56.7 % (284/501) versus 61.0 % (302/495) (hazard ratio 0.88 95 % CI 0.75-1.03 P = 0.12). We obtained HRQoL data at 1 year in 629 of the 777 (81 %) Danish patients, and mean differences between the lower- and higher-threshold group in scores of physical HRQoL were 0.4 (95 % CI -2.4 to 3.1 P = 0.79) and in mental HRQoL 0.5 (95 % CI -3.1 to 4.0 P = 0.79). Long-term mortality rates and HRQoL did not differ in patients with septic shock and anaemia who were transfused at a haemoglobin threshold of 7 g/dl versus a threshold of 9 g/dl. We may reject a more than 3 % increased hazard of death in the lower- versus higher-threshold group at the time of longest follow-up.
Publisher: IMR Press
Date: 2021
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Prostate cancer [PCa] patients often report an increase in fatigue, which can lead to elevated depression. Psychological Resilience [PR] has been shown to help people avoid depression arising from an increase in fatigue, but this has not previously been reported in PCa patients. Materials and Methods: Using an anonymous survey method, 88 PCa patients aged 44 to 88 years [M = 73.48 years, SD = 7.17 years] completed scales to measure depression, PR and fatigue. To measure changes in fatigue since before diagnosis to the time of this survey upon, participants used the ``retrospective pre-test'' methodology. Partial correlations were calculated for fatigue change, PR and depression to test for the effects of PR upon the association between fatigue and depression. Results: PR did not significantly influence the association between change in fatigue and depression at the full-scale level. However, the key aspects of PR significantly influenced the relationship for the key symptoms of depression in these men. The key aspect of PR was the patients' ability to persist the key symptoms of depression were the ability to think clearly and to perform activities as well as they did in the past. Conclusions: Key aspects of PR may reduce the depressive effects of fatigue in PCa patients, suggesting possible treatment foci for assisting these men deal with this negative side effect from their diagnosis and treatment.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S10147-013-0569-Y
Abstract: To investigate the relationship between hormone therapy (HT) and incidence of anxiety and depression among prostate cancer patients (PCa). 526 PCa patients completed a survey about their cancer status, treatment received, anxiety, and depression status. Total scores on anxiety and depression inventories, plus symptom profiles that discriminated between patients with current HT, past HT, and never having received HT, were compiled for analysis. Patients who were currently receiving HT had significantly higher total anxiety and depression scores than patients who had previously received HT or who had never received HT. Analysis of the symptoms of anxiety and depression which distinguished between these groups of patients suggested that patients who had never received HT had significantly lower scores than current or past HT patients. Although several symptoms could be directly allocated to PCa and/or HT, symptom profiles were indicative of clinically significant anxiety and/or depression in patients who were currently receiving, or who had previously received, HT. Current HT may lead to symptoms of anxiety and/or depression which require clinical attention. These effects seem to decrease after completion of HT.
Publisher: IMR Press
Date: 12-2009
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S213839
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-10-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2016.09.003
Abstract: To further describe Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis activity in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the Diurnal Fluctuation (DF) and Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) were investigated in a s le of 39 high functioning girls with ASD. Although group mean data conformed to the DF and CAR models, over half of the participants showed inverse CAR and over 14% had inverted DF cortisol concentrations. Examination of three potential sets of predictor factors (physiological, ASD-related, and mood) revealed that only self-reported Major Depressive Disorder was significantly associated with CAR status, and that the girls' concern about dying or suicide was the most powerful contributor to the variance in CAR status. These findings add to the literature regarding the HPA axis dysfunction in children with ASD.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 15-02-2021
DOI: 10.1515/REVNEURO-2020-0132
Abstract: Depression continues to carry a major disease burden worldwide, with limitations on the success of traditional pharmacological or psychological treatments. Recent approaches have therefore focused upon the neurobiological underpinnings of depression, and on the “in idualization” of depression symptom profiles. One such model of depression has ided the standard diagnostic criteria into four “depression subtypes”, with neurological and behavioral pathways. At the same time, attention has been focused upon the region of the brain known as the “default mode network” (DMN) and its role in attention and problem-solving. However, to date, no review has been published of the links between the DMN and the four subtypes of depression. By searching the literature studies from the last 20 years, 62 relevant papers were identified, and their findings are described for the association they demonstrate between aspects of the DMN and the four depression subtypes. It is apparent from this review that there are potential positive clinical and therapeutic outcomes from focusing upon DMN activation and connectivity, via psychological therapies, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and some emerging pharmacological models.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-08-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-02-2013
Abstract: Although there is some evidence that psychological resilience may “buffer” against depression following major stressors, no data have been reported on the nature and variability of this buffering effect among prostate cancer patients during the 5 years following their initial diagnosis. Patients from two sites in Australia and who had received their initial diagnosis within 5 years ( n = 255) were surveyed, and the results indicated that there was a significant inverse relationship between resilience and depression in the overall data, but that was mostly accounted for by a single factor of the resilience scale (“Confidence to cope with change”). Variability in that buffering effect was noted over time since diagnosis, with peaks during the first 6 months, at 24 and 60 months. These findings support the argument to develop focused psychiatric interventions at various periods following a diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-12-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S10147-013-0647-1
Abstract: To compare the prevalence of depressive symptoms between prostate cancer (PCa) patients who have received low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDRB) and those receiving high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRB). Direct comparisons were made between the prevalence of the DSM-IV-TR symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) based upon Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale responses and patients' records on 164 PCa patients from Queensland, Australia. HDRB patients had significantly greater frequency of self-reported symptoms of crying (or feeling like it) (MDD criterion 1), and restlessness and inability to sit still (MDD criterion 5), and a nonsignificant trend towards more frequent fatigue (MDD criterion 7). There was no significant association between fatigue and having received hormone therapy. These three MDD symptoms, which include one of the two alternative key required symptoms (criterion 1), suggest that HDRB PCa patients may present with clinically significantly different depression profiles from their peers who receive LDRB. Treatment choices need to be focused upon possible serotonergic dysfunction as well as somatic complaints of depression. The presence of subsyndromal depression in HDRB patients also warrants consideration.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-03-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2015.12.020
Abstract: Salivary cortisol may be used as a biomarker of stress and anxiety in children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and is particularly valuable in studies of the association between stress-related cortisol concentrations and other factors such as comorbid disorders or aspects of the ASD phenotype. Although protocols for the collection of cortisol shortly after waking are often based on the assumption of the presence of a diurnal rhythm in cortisol, that rhythm may not be as reliable in children with an ASD as in non-ASD children. Alternatively, collecting cortisol during the afternoon may represent a more reliable procedure with less inter-participant variability.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.BBR.2015.05.058
Abstract: Depression has been described as a process of behavioural withdrawal from overwhelming aversive stressors, and which manifests itself in the diagnostic symptomatology for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The underlying neurobiological pathways to that behavioural withdrawal are suggested to include greater activation in the right vs the left frontal lobes, described as frontal EEG asymmetry. However, despite a previous meta-analysis that provided overall support for this EEG asymmetry hypothesis, inconsistencies and several methodological confounds exist. The current review examines the literature on this issue, identifies inconsistencies in findings and discusses several key research issues that require addressing for this field to move towards a defensible theoretical model of depression and EEG asymmetry. In particular, the position of EEG asymmetry in the brain, measurement of severity and symptoms profiles of depression, and the effects of gender are considered as potential avenues to more accurately define the specific nature of the depression-EEG asymmetry association.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 2016
Abstract: Depression can be a major comorbidity in young people with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although there is an association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and cortisol concentrations in non-ASD children, relatively little is known about that relationship in children with an ASD, or whether there are development effects on the relationship. It is also unclear whether self-reports or parents’ reports of depression in these children are more closely associated with cortisol. Salivary cortisol from morning and afternoon, plus Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory responses for MDD, were collected from a s le of 139 boys with an ASD. Parents of these boys also provided ratings of their sons on the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory for MDD. Afternoon cortisol was significantly correlated with total depression scores for younger boys but not for older boys. There were also significant differences between the parents’ and the boys’ ratings for five of the 10 MDD symptoms. Parents’ ratings of their sons’ MDD symptoms of irritability, feeling sad or depressed, and sleeping problems were significantly correlated with the boys’ cortisol concentrations. Both boys’ and their parents’ ratings for thoughts of death, feeling worthless, and concentration problems were significantly associated with the boys’ cortisol concentrations. A reliable assessment of MDD in young people with an ASD requires careful consideration of the relative validity of parents’ and children’s reports of the latter’s in idual MDD symptomatology.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2015.10.010
Abstract: To identify if age influenced the relationship between one of the central symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and physiological stress, the association between stereotypic behaviour (SB) and stress-related cortisol concentrations was examined in a s le of 150 young males with an ASD. Parent-rated SB was significantly correlated with cortisol concentrations for boys aged 6 years to 12 years but not for adolescents aged 13 years to 18 years. This age-related difference in this association was not a function of cortisol concentrations but was related to differences in SB across these two age groups. IQ did not have a significant effect on this relationship, suggesting that age-related learning may have been a possible pathway for reduced SB during adolescence. The aspect of SB that was most powerfully related to cortisol was general repetitive behaviour rather than movements of specific body parts. Explanations of these findings are raised for further investigation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-12-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-019-04339-9
Abstract: Previous data have suggested that parents of boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may rate their sons' generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) more severely than the boys do themselves. However, no reports have been published to date which examine this issue in a girls-only s le. This study investigated the extent and nature of mother-daughter agreement on ratings of GAD in a s le of 53 girls with an ASD with mild impairment, aged 6 to 17 years. Mothers rated their daughters' GAD more severely than the girls did themselves, despite confounding effects from the girls' medication and menarche status. Suggestions are made for the valid assessment of GAD in girls with an ASD.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-04-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 08-07-2013
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.12090
Abstract: Although depression occurs in prostate cancer patients at a higher incidence than in age-matched non-cancer peers, little is known about the relative incidence of subtypes of depression among these patients. To examine this issue, 507 prostate cancer patients completed a survey questionnaire of background factors, depression symptoms, and common prostate cancer-related stressors. Five common subtypes of depression were defined from the wider literature, and patients' depressive symptomatology was used to determine their scores on each of the five depression subtypes. Nearly half of the patients had scores which could be classified as clinically significant for at least one of the five depression subtypes, with some patients showing clinically significant scores for multiple depression subtypes. Different depression subtypes were predicted by different prostate-cancer-related stressors. Because each of the five depressive subtypes examined here has different symptomatologies and treatment recommendations, these data suggest that treatment goals for prostate cancer patients might vary according to the type of depression a patient presents.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-03-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-018-4183-4
Abstract: Some prostate cancer (PCa) patients become clinically anxious or depressed after diagnosis and treatment. Some also show the physiological signs of chronic stress. However, there are currently no data describing how these particular patients might be identified at intake. This study tested the in idual and combined predictive power of a psychological factor and a genetic factor as potential predictors of anxiety, depression, and chronic stress in a s le of PCa patients. Ninety-five PCa patients completed psychological inventories for anxiety, depression, and psychological resilience (PR) and also gave a saliva s le for cortisol and a mouthwash s le for genetic testing for the presence of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. High PR patients had significantly lower anxiety and depression than low PR patients, but showed no significant differences in their salivary cortisol. Carriers of the Met allele of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism had significantly higher salivary cortisol concentrations than patients who did not carry this allele. Each of these two factors may provide valuable information regarding the vulnerability of PCa patients to anxiety, depression, or chronic stress. Suggestions are made for their inclusion in clinical settings.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-07-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-03-2021
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2009
Abstract: The relative power of Positive and Negative Punishment as predictors of anxiety and depression was investigated within the gender-specific population of Prostate Cancer patients. As well as being a more powerful predictor of total test scores, Positive Punishment was also a stronger predictor of the presence of clinical levels of anxiety and depression. Examination of the particular Positive Punishment events that were significantly associated with clinical anxiety and depression showed considerable overlap, supporting the concept of a combined anxiety-depression disorder. Suggestions for behavioural interventions with this patient group are made.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-07-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-02-2011
DOI: 10.3109/13651501.2010.527008
Abstract: To evaluate the literature supporting four potential criteria for deciding whether to use psychotherapy or pharmacology when treating depression. Literature review of the evidence from the last 10 years on presenting patient's demographics, aetiology, comorbidity, and genetic factors, as predictors of treatment outcome efficacy. Demographic information has little support as a potential criteria for decision-making aetiology (melancholic vs. non-melancholic) has significant support presence of personality disorder comorbidity is unproven as a criterion but may have some value genetic predisposition has the strongest evidence supporting it as a criteria for treatment decision-making. Although some presenting cases will be easier to classify than others, there are substantial data supporting the screening of patients according to three of these criteria.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-07-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-02-2017
DOI: 10.1002/PON.4391
Abstract: To explore any possible subgroupings of prostate cancer (PCa) patients based upon their combined anxiety-depression symptoms for the purposes of informing targeted treatments. A s le of 119 PCa patients completed the GAD7 (anxiety) and PHQ9 (depression), plus a background questionnaire, by mail survey. Data on the GAD7 and PHQ9 were used in a cluster analysis procedure to identify and define any cohesive subgroupings of patients within the s le. Three distinct clusters of patients were identified and were found to be significantly different in the severity of their GAD7 and PHQ9 responses, and also by the profile of symptoms that they exhibited. The presence of these 3 clusters of PCa patients indicates that there is a need to extend assessment of anxiety and depression in these men beyond simple total score results. By applying the clustering profiles to s les of PCa patients, more focussed treatment might be provided to them, hopefully improving outcome efficacy.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-07-2018
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2006
Abstract: There have been some challenges to the reliance upon data from randomised controlled clinical trials when identifying ‘evidence-based’ psychotherapy treatments. Similarly, data show that use of treatment manuals does not result in uniform and beneficial outcomes, that some evidence-based treatments are little better than non-specific counselling and that the search for those therapies or components that are effective has been largely fruitless. In an attempt to extend the debate about evidence-based treatments and drawing upon those aspects of cognitive and behavioural therapies that have been shown to be effective in most settings, this article describes valued outcomes analysis and therapy as a means of assisting clients to understand their own behaviour as (sometimes unwanted) adaptations to environmental demands and then to learn alternative ways of achieving the goals they pursue. A case illustration is provided.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-05-2020
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.4137/CMO.S955
Abstract: Although the detrimental effect upon psychological well-being of receiving a diagnosis of, or treatment for, cancer has been demonstrated across many different types of cancer, three recent reviews of the psychological health of prostate cancer patients have produced contradictory conclusions. In order to elucidate the reasons for these apparent different conclusions, each of these reviews is described, with principal methods and findings summarised. Actual data, methodology used to select/reject research studies for inclusion in reviews, plus the validity of strict methodological culling of some research studies are discussed. Several extra studies and commentaries are also described, and a resolution of the apparent contradictory review conclusions is offered.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-06-2016
DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2016.1199810
Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the association between Psychological Resilience (PR) and depression at global, dichotomous and subcomponent levels. A s le of 330 participants (117 males and 213 females) was randomly recruited from an electorate in Australia and completed the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Connors-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRISC). PR was significantly and inversely associated with total SDS score at a global level. Only one of the three CDRISC factors was significantly associated with total SDS score and also with three of four SDS depression subtypes. Because of the different nature and treatment requirements for depression subtypes, PR may be applicable to a limited range of depressed patients, particularly those who do not exhibit Anhedonia.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-12-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-09-0220
DOI: 10.1002/PON.4547
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 12-2007
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-08-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-08-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-015-2569-4
Abstract: The association between Sensory Processing Features (SPF) and depressive symptoms was investigated at two levels in 150 young males (6-18 years) with an ASD. First, a significant correlation was found between SPF and total depressive symptom scores. Second, different aspects of SPF significantly predicted different depressive symptom factors, with Low Registration (or sensory hyposensitivity) being the most powerful predictor of depressive symptoms. There were also differences in these associations according to whether parents' ratings or the boys' self-reports were used to assess SPF and depressive symptoms. Implications for assessment and treatment of SPF-related depressive symptoms are discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-12-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-014-2343-Z
Abstract: To determine any variation that might occur due to the type of assessment and source used to assess them, the prevalence of 7 anxiety disorders were investigated in a s le of 140 boys with an Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 50 non-ASD (NASD) boys via the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory and the KIDSCID Clinical Interview. Boys with an ASD were significantly more anxious than their NASD peers. Data collected from the boys with an ASD themselves showed differences in the severity and diagnostic criterion of anxiety disorders to data collected from the boys' parents. There were age-related variations to the pattern of anxiety disorder differences across reports from the boys with an ASD and reports from their parents.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-02-2017
DOI: 10.1002/PON.4100
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hormone therapy (HT) on depression and depressive symptoms in prostate cancer patients undergoing 6 months of HT. One hundred two prostate cancer patients who had been prescribed HT completed the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and two questions about their sexual enjoyment and performance, plus a background questionnaire before HT, after 8 to 10 weeks of HT and again after 16 to 20 weeks of HT. There was a significant increase in SDS scores from before to during HT. High depression score before HT was a significant predictor of later increases in depression during HT. Increases in depressive symptoms were restricted to 8 of the 20 SDS symptoms, the most powerful change being in sexual anhedonia, which was a result of decreased ability to perform during sexual activity. The association between HT and elevated depression is confirmed, but the relative influence of sexual anhedonia over other depressive symptoms expands the understanding of this association. The effects of decreased ability to perform during sex appear to dominate the increase in depression during HT. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-02-2014
DOI: 10.1002/PON.3499
Abstract: This study aims to develop and test three potential models of In idual Burden of Illness for Depression (IBI-D) in prostate cancer patients. Responses to three sets of scales measuring depressive symptoms, functional impairment, and quality of life satisfaction were collected from 191 prostate cancer patients and analysed via principal components analysis to obtain weightings for each of the scales within the three sets of measures. These weightings were then used to form IBI-D Indices, and these were then compared with depressive symptoms alone for their overlap. Single-factor solutions were found for each of the three IBI-D models, demonstrating generalizability across the three models. Equations based on the loadings of each scale within each IBI-D model, ided by the standard deviation of total IBI-D scores, were used to form IBI-D Indices. Although the correlations between the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9) and each of these IBI-D Indices were statistically significant, between one-quarter and one-fifth of the variance in IBI-D Indices was not accounted for by PHQ9 score alone, demonstrating that the IBI-D Indices provided additional information above that obtainable from a measure of depression alone. The IBI-D Index can be used to more completely assess the overall effects of depression in prostate cancer patients, the associations between those effects and predictor variables, and the outcomes of intervention studies aimed at decreasing depression (and its effects) in these men.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-02-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-04-2014
DOI: 10.1002/PON.3530
Abstract: Depression in men diagnosed with prostate cancer is associated with several adverse outcomes. However, some data suggest that standard methods of assessing depression in males via the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) may omit several extra key symptoms of male depression. Therefore, this study tested the comparative effects of standard MDD-based diagnostic criteria for depression and criteria for 'male depression' in a s le of men diagnosed with prostate cancer. 191 men diagnosed with prostate cancer completed a postal survey questionnaire containing questions about background variables, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression (PHQ9) and the Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS). Comparisons were made of the relative prevalence of depression according to these scales, plus a scale that combined the PHQ9 and GMDS extra items for male depression Although there were significant correlations between total PHQ9 and GMDS scores, over one-third of variance in the GMDS was not accounted for by the PHQ9, and sensitivity of the PHQ9 against the GMDS showed that about 24% of those patients identified as depressed on the GMDS would not be similarly identified on the PHQ9. Different prevalence rates from the two scales suggested that they were assessing different sets of symptoms of depression. A combined PHQ9-GMDS scale of 15 items was used to produce a profile of male depression in these patients. Adequate and reliable assessment of depression in men diagnosed with prostate cancer may require use of additional symptoms to those listed for MDD, and treatment planning and delivery could be more precise and effective using this methodology.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-02-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-10-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-06-2017
DOI: 10.1002/PON.4182
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-07-2016
DOI: 10.1002/PON.3928
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-07-2021
DOI: 10.1002/JDN.10122
Abstract: Autism Spectrum Disorder and depression are often co‐occurring in young people. However, despite the association between these two disorders, and the fact that females have a higher prevalence of depression than males in the general population, there is little reported evidence regarding the correlates of depression in young autistic females. Several physiological (age, menarche, HPA‐axis responses), psychological (social anxiety), and environmental or genetic (mothers’ depression) factors were tested for their contribution to depression severity in a s le of 53 autistic girls aged 6 yr to 17 yr. Depression scores were collected from the girls’ self‐ratings and also from the ratings their mothers gave them. Regression results indicated that girls’ social anxiety, age, and mothers’ depression were common significant contributors to both sets of depression scores, but with different effects. Autistic girls’ self‐reports of their depression were significantly associated with their HPA‐axis responses but not with their menarche status. Implications for research and clinical settings are discussed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-11-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-02-2011
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 22-12-2017
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.12630
Abstract: To describe the prevalence, severity and nature of depression in a s le of prostate cancer (PCa) survivors 10 years after diagnosis and treatment, 146 Australian patients from the RADAR trial who received their diagnosis 10 years previously completed the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale and a background questionnaire. Prevalence rates for clinically significant depression and severe depression were higher than those reported for the non-PCa men of the same age in Australia. The most common subtype of depression was Anhedonia, followed by Cognitive depression. Change in eating habits was the most powerful depression symptom predicting Anhedonia. By providing the first detailed documentation of major depression prevalence in PCa survivors, plus describing the nature of that depression, these data suggest that there is an ongoing need to provide treatments for these men and that those treatments should be focussed upon loss of previously available sources of enjoyment.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1155/2010/631502
Abstract: Some recent explanations of depression have suggested that it may be “evolutionary” in that there are advantages to the depressed in idual which arise from some aspects of depressive symptomatology. While the depressive behaviour of withdrawal from the adverse environment may provide some immediate benefits to the depressed in idual, thus making it potentially “adaptive” in the short-term, this does not fit the biological definition of “evolutionary”. In fact, depression does not meet two of the three required criteria from natural selection in order to be evolutionary. Therefore, while some depressive behaviour may be advantageous for the depressed in idual, and is therefore “adaptive” in an immediate sense, it cannot be accurately described as “evolutionary”. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1515/REVNEURO-2018-0070
Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting about 1 in 100 children and is currently incurable. ASD represents a challenge to traditional methods of assessment and diagnosis, and it has been suggested that direct measures of brain activity and connectivity between brain regions during demanding tasks represents a potential pathway to building more accurate models of underlying brain function and ASD. One of the key behavioural diagnostic indicators of ASD consists of sensory features (SF), often characterised by over- or under-reactivity to environmental stimuli. SF are associated with behavioural difficulties that impede social and education success in these children as well as anxiety and depression. This review examines the previous literature on the measurement of EEG connectivity and SF observed in in iduals with ASD.
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 17-03-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-09-2010
DOI: 10.1002/PON.1623
Abstract: To psychometrically refine a standardized scale for identifying those lifestyle changes that were most likely to contribute to anxiety and depression among prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Three hundred and eighty-one PCa patients who had received their initial diagnosis between one and 96 months completed a survey of background variables, anxiety and depression inventories and the 36-item Effects of Prostate Cancer upon Lifestyle Questionnaire (EPCLQ). Levels of anxiety (24%) and depression (26%) were similar to those previously reported for PCa patients. The EPCLQ was shown to have satisfactory psychometric properties and significantly predicted anxiety and depression scores and the presence of psychological clinicity among this s le. Factor analysis of the EPCLQ showed that adverse emotions and social withdrawal, plus loss of cognitive ability, were the most powerful predictors of fear, physiological arousal, discomfort and pain factors underlying anxiety these factors also predicted pessimism and fatigue factors underlying depression. conclusions: The EPCLQ was shown to be a reliably sound and valid instrument for assessing important lifestyle changes that predict anxiety and depression among PCa patients. In addition, links between receiving a diagnosis and treatment for PCa and development of psychosocial disturbance via emotional negativity, decreased cognitive performance and withdrawal from others appear to warrant further investigation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-08-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10803-019-04159-X
Abstract: To determine if diagnostic severity of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affected sex differences in the detailed ASD-related behavioural profiles of young males and female, two s les of males and females with a diagnosis of ASD, aged between 6 and 17 years, were compared across the 65 items of the Social Responsiveness Scale (2nd ed.). Results are reported for a s le of males and females matched on age and IQ (n = 51 pairs) and a smaller s le matched on age, IQ and ADOS-2 severity (n = 32 pairs). ASD-related behaviours from the SRS-2 that were significantly and meaningfully different across sexes were identified for both s les. ADOS-2 diagnostic severity was associated with different sets of sex-based differences in SRS-2 item scores.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-05-2022
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1515/REVNEURO-2016-0037
Abstract: Salivary cortisol may be used as a biomarker of stress and anxiety in children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Some suggestions have been made that the measurement of cortisol needs to be undertaken by repeated days’ observations to ensure reliability of the data obtained. These requirements are discussed in regard to 14 studies of the test-retest agreement and stability in cortisol data across repeated daily measurements. Results of those studies almost universally fail to support the argument for repeated daily measurements of cortisol. Implications for the research protocols of studies using cortisol as an index of stress in children with ASD are discussed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-12-2023
DOI: 10.1002/PON.6079
Abstract: Many prostate cancer patients also suffer from depression, which can decrease their life satisfaction and also impede recovery from their cancer. This study described the network structure of depressive symptomatology in prostate cancer patients, with a view to providing suggestions for clinical interventions for depressed patients. Using a cross‐sectional design, 555 prostate cancer patients completed the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9). Network analysis and multidimensional scaling indicated that anhedonia was the most central symptom for these men, and that several sets of depression symptoms were closely associated with each other. These included anhedonia‐depressed mood sleeping problems‐fatigue/lethargy and suicidal ideation‐low self‐worth‐depressed mood. Other depression symptoms such as appetite problems, concentration problems, and motor problems, were less well‐related with the remainder of the network. Patients receiving treatment for reocurring prostate cancer (PCa) had significantly higher PHQ9 scores than patients undergoing their initial treatment, but no major differences in their network structures. Implications for clinical practice were derived from the relationships between in idual depression symptoms and the overall depression network by examining node predictability. The use of total depression scores on an inventory does not reflect the underlying network structure of depression in PCa patients. Identification and treatment of the central symptom of anhedonia in PCa patients suggests the need to adopt specific therapies that are focussed upon this symptom.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2015.07.027
Abstract: The agreement over time in morning salivary cortisol concentrations and also self- and parent-rated anxiety was investigated in a s le of 16 boys with an ASD. Cortisol and anxiety data were collected eight months apart. Results indicated that there were significant correlations between each pair of measures from the two occasions, suggesting that cortisol concentrations and anxiety did not vary much at all over that time, challenging the assumption that cortisol needs to be measured over multiple days to obtain reliable data from children with an ASD. Implications for research into the ways these children respond to chronic stressors are discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-11-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2019.11.134
Abstract: This paper aims to examine associations between pet ownership and symptoms of depression in a large, population-based s le of older adults. Specifically, we tested whether: (i) people who report more depressive symptoms are more likely to own a pet (ii) pet ownership protects against an increase in depressive symptoms over time (iii) associations differ by symptom type. Data were drawn from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a longitudinal panel study of men and women aged 50 and older (n = 7,617, 52.5% female). Pet ownership (dog/cat/other/none) was self-reported in 2010/11. Depressive symptoms were assessed in 2010/11 and 2016/17 using the 8-item centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. We analysed total CES-D score and derived symptom subscales (depressed mood, anhedonia, somatic symptoms) in relation to pet ownership, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related covariates. A one-symptom increase in total CES-D score was associated with 7% increased odds of dog ownership (OR=1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.11). Significant associations were observed between each subset of depressive symptoms and dog ownership, with models run on z-scores showing a slightly stronger association for symptoms of depressed mood (OR=1.13, 95% CI 1.06-1.21) compared with anhedonia (OR=1.10, 95% CI 1.04-1.17) or somatic symptoms (OR=1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.18). Prospectively, no significant associations were found. Self-reported data small s le size for some pet categories. Amongst older adults in England, those with more depressive symptoms are more likely to own a dog, but pet ownership is not significantly associated with change in depressive symptoms over time.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-07-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2015.11.011
Abstract: Comorbidity of anxiety and depression predicts impaired treatment outcomes, poor quality of life and increased suicide risk. No study has reported on a combined measure of anxiety-depression in boys with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. To explore the prevalence, underlying factor structure and relationships between anxiety-depression, physiological stress and symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). 150 boys (aged 6-18 years IQ M=94.9, range=73-132) with an ASD plus their parents (135 mothers, 15 fathers) completed scales about the boys' anxiety and depression, and the boys provided s les of their saliva in the morning and afternoon. Parents also completed the ASD Behaviour Checklist about the boys' ASD symptoms. The two sources of ratings were not significantly different for prevalence of anxiety-depression but the factor structures varied between the parents' and boys' responses, with a four-factor solution for the boys' ratings and a three-factor solution for the parents' ratings. There were also differences in the correlations between cortisol and anxiety-depression and between ASD symptoms and anxiety depression across the boys' and parents' data. Assessment of anxiety and depression comorbidity from parents and from children with an ASD themselves could provide a valuable adjunct datum when diagnosing ASD.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-07-2022
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of psychological resilience on sleep-deterioration-related depression among patients with prostate cancer, in terms of the total score and in idual symptoms. From a survey of 96 patients with prostate cancer, 55 who reported a deterioration in their sleep quality since diagnosis and treatment completed the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Insomnia Severity Index. Moderation analysis was conducted for the scale total scores and for the ‘core’ symptoms of each scale within this s le, based on data analysis. Interaction analysis was used to identify key associations. The moderation analysis suggested that psychological resilience moderated the depressive effect of sleep deterioration that patients reported occurred after their diagnosis and treatment and did so at the total and ‘core’ symptom levels of being able to see the humorous side of things and to think clearly when under pressure, but there was an interaction between this moderating effect, the strength of psychological resilience, and severity of sleep deterioration. Although it appears to be a successful moderator of depression arising from sleep deterioration that was reported by patients with prostate cancer, the effectiveness of psychological resilience is conditional upon the severity of patients’ sleep difficulties and the strength of their psychological resilience. Implications for the application of resilience training and concomitant therapies for patients with prostate cancer with sleep difficulties and depression are discussed.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-2007
DOI: 10.1375/AJGC.17.1.97
Abstract: Traditional Functional Analytic procedures rely upon the identification of one or two ‘target’ behaviours for examination via observation and analysis. From these data, multiple functions are identified for each target behaviour via antecedent-behaviour-consequence data collection. However, although these methodologies have been shown to be effective with a wide range of inappropriate behaviours in classrooms, they have limitations when the inappropriate behaviours are so many and varied that selection of one or two as ‘targets’ becomes unreliable in terms of obtaining an accurate representation of the child's overall behavioural repertoire. A variation on this procedure is described and data from a case ex le are presented as a suggested alternative way of obtaining the kind of data required for effective classroom management of difficult behaviour.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2008
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2788.2008.01123.X
Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes symptoms that vary in severity and frequency between children. Consequently, multiple psychometric assessment procedures are recommended to detect an ASD, including scales which asses the presence and nature of ASD-related behaviour. However, to date, few studies have examined the relative and specific contribution which such behaviourally oriented scales can make to the diagnosis of in idual children with ASD. Cluster analysis was used to explore the common characteristics of a group of 53 preschool and elementary school children with an ASD, based upon scores on tests of cognitive ability, adaptive behaviour and behavioural checklists designed to measure the presence of typical ASD. Data confirmed the expected variability in intelligence test scores. In addition, measures of adaptive behaviour and data from a behaviourally based rating scale suggested that children with Asperger's Disorder and autism might be reclassified into subgroups according to the presence of particular ASD-specific behaviours. As well as confirming that children with ASD vary in their adaptive behaviour and cognitive levels, these data emphasise the limited contribution such assessment procedures make to an understanding of the child's day-to-day behaviour and functioning, thus arguing for the inclusion of behaviourally based rating scales to develop ideographic intervention plans.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.BBR.2013.08.030
Abstract: Although often considered as a mental disorder, depression is best described as a behavioral-neurobiological phenomenon. In addition, although usually reported as a unitary diagnosis, major depressive episode is composed of a range of different symptoms that can occur in nearly 1500 possible combinations to fulfill the required diagnostic criterion. To investigate and describe the underlying behavioral and neurobiological substrates of these symptoms, they were clustered into "clinical content" subtypes of depression according to their predominant common behavioral characteristics. These subtypes were then found to possess different neurobiological pathways that argue for different treatment approaches.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2006
Abstract: Effective behaviour change is based on understanding the reasons for difficult behaviour. However, current functional analytic technology is often limited in its effectiveness in the clinical setting because the focus is on labelling and classifying behavioural outcomes rather than conducting a detailed analysis of the manner in which these outcomes assist the client to operate in the environment. The effectiveness of existing functional analytic techniques might be enhanced by moving the focus of the investigation from identifying the consequent variables that impact on behaviour to systematically exploring client–environment interactions as well as the manner in which the client experiences the consequences of his/her actions. One potential method (Valued Outcomes Analysis) that provides a framework for the systematic investigation of the effects of ‘inner skin’ factors on the incidence of behavioural difficulties is described here.
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 15-03-2011
DOI: 10.1051/TPE/2011100
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2013.12.011
Abstract: Anxiety and Autistic Disorder (AD) are both neurological conditions and both disorders share some features that make it difficult to precisely allocate specific symptoms to each disorder. HPA and SAM axis activities have been conclusively associated with anxiety, and may provide a method of validating anxiety rating scale assessments given by parents and their children with AD about those children. Data from HPA axis (salivary cortisol) and SAM axis (salivary alpha amylase) responses were collected from a s le of 32 high-functioning boys (M age=11yr) with an Autistic Disorder (AD) and were compared with the boys' and their mothers' ratings of the boys' anxiety. There was a significant difference between the self-ratings given by the boys and ratings given about them by their mothers. Further, only the boys' self-ratings of their anxiety significantly predicted the HPA axis responses and neither were significantly related to SAM axis responses. Some boys showed cortisol responses which were similar to that previously reported in children who had suffered chronic and severe anxiety arising from stressful social interactions. As well as suggesting that some boys with an AD can provide valid self-assessments of their anxiety, these data also point to the presence of very high levels of chronic HPA-axis arousal and consequent chronic anxiety in these boys.
Publisher: IMR Press
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-01-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-01-2017
DOI: 10.1002/PON.4327
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2018.03.006
Abstract: The decision to collapse several related disorders into a single diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) generated significant controversy and debate. There has been mixed evidence as to whether various ASD subtypes are qualitatively distinct or if they exist on a spectrum of symptom severity. The present study conducted a two-step cluster analysis of major ASD symptoms in a s le of 147 young males with ASD aged between 6yr and 18yr with IQ > 70. Results indicated that a two-cluster solution (high and low severity of ASD symptomatology) was reliable and valid. Further, the construct of challenging behaviour was not a necessary component of the two-cluster solution, verifying the new conceptualisation of ASD. Further replication of these findings with other subsets of in iduals with ASD is needed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-08-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJDEVNEU.2018.08.004
Abstract: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show dysregulation of the expected Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and elevated cortisol responses to stress and response patterns, but little has been reported regarding their recovery from stress in terms of cortisol concentrations. This response was investigated in a s le of 32 young males with ASD aged between 9 and 18 years (M = 14.3 yr, SD = 2.7 yr), using a standardised experimental protocol combined with in idualised stressor and non-stressor tasks. Results indicated that about half of the s le demonstrated unexpected HPA axis response patterns, and that recovery from stress cortisol concentrations were significantly associated with a single symptom of Social Phobia and Morning cortisol. These findings suggest that one of the key diagnostic criteria for ASD may be strongly influential in the HPA axis responses of boys with ASD and that training regimesto assist them to form less fearful associations with their non-ASD peers may be central to the academic and social progress of these boys.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-09-2021
DOI: 10.1002/PON.5537
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1997
No related grants have been discovered for Vicki Bitsika.