ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5540-8466
Current Organisation
University of Colorado at Boulder
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-08-2015
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.10299
Abstract: The North American Land Data Assimilation System project phase 2 (NLDAS‐2) has run four land surface models for a 30‐year (1979–2008) retrospective period. Land surface evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the most important model outputs from NLDAS‐2 for investigating land–atmosphere interaction or to monitor agricultural drought. Here, we evaluate hourly ET using in situ observations over the Southern Great Plains (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement/Cloud and Radiation Testbed network) for 1 January 1997–30 September 1999 and daily ET u‐sing in situ observations at the AmeriFlux network over the conterminous USA for an 8‐year period (2000–2007). The NLDAS‐2 models compare well against observations, with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Noah land surface model performing best, followed, in order, by the Variable Infiltration Capacity, Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting, and Mosaic models. Daily evaluation across the AmeriFlux network shows that for all models, performance depends on season and vegetation type they do better in spring and fall than in winter or summer and better for deciduous broadleaf forest and grasslands than for croplands or evergreen needleleaf forest. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12003
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-04-2019
DOI: 10.3390/CLI7040052
Abstract: Relationships between drought indices and fire danger outputs are examined to (1) incorporate fire risk information into the National Integrated Drought Information System California–Nevada Drought Early Warning System and (2) provide a baseline analysis for application of drought indices into a fire risk management framework. We analyzed four drought indices that incorporate precipitation and evaporative demand (E0) and three fire indices that reflect fuel moisture and potential fire intensity. Seasonally averaged fire danger outputs were most strongly correlated to multi-scalar drought indices that use E0 (the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)) at approximately annual time scales that reflect buildup of antecedent drought conditions. Results indicate that EDDI and SPEI can inform seasonal fire potential outlooks at the beginning of summer. An E0 decomposition case study of conditions prior to the Tubbs Fire in Northern California indicate high E0 (97th percentile) driven predominantly by low humidity signaled increased fire potential several days before the start of the fire. Initial use of EDDI by fire management groups during summer and fall 2018 highlights several value-added applications, including seasonal fire potential outlooks, funding fire severity level requests, and assessing set-up conditions prior to large, explosive fire cases.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 13-03-2020
Abstract: Loss of sunlight-reflecting snow spurs evaporation and ebbs river flow
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 14-12-2015
Abstract: – The purpose of this paper is to summarize research conducted in long-term residential rehabilitation centers, including therapeutic communities (TCs), in order to further clarify the effectiveness of this treatment approach and to evaluate the quality of TC research conducted in the period 2000-2013. – The composite search engine UQ database Summon were used to find articles with “Therapeutic Community” as title words, and the search was limited to adult participants, peer-reviewed articles, published between January 2000 and June 2013 in the English language. The review was conducted using Cochrane Collaboration methods and reported under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses guidelines. – In total, 25 studies met inclusion criteria for the review and represented data from n =5,923 participants in the USA, Australia, Spain, England, and Belgium. Evidence supports the TC approach for a erse range of in iduals who misuse a range of substances. Several studies reported a relationship between retention and outcomes however dropout from treatment is a widespread issue. A paucity of research using multiple time points precludes any firm conclusions regarding the optimal length of treatment in a TC. There is a lack of research on the interplay between in idual and community-level factors on client well-being, retention, and longer term outcomes. – This review highlights the need for TC research that includes multiple time points and follow-up assessments, and measures of change in theoretically meaningful constructs alongside standard measures of demographics, substance use, and psychiatric symptoms. – The reporting format of TC research should be better standardized in order to create a better basis for research comparison. More standardized reporting would also allow for effect size analysis, and create a more efficacious evidence base. – This updates the systematic review body of research.
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 08-2012
Abstract: To understand the sources of temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric evaporative demand across the conterminous United States (CONUS), a mean-value, second-moment uncertainty analysis is applied to a spatially distributed dataset of daily synthetic pan evaporation for 1980–2009. This evaporative demand measure is from the “PenPan” model, which is a combination equation calibrated to mimic observations from U.S. class-A evaporation pans and here driven by six North American Land Data Assimilation System variables: temperature, specific humidity, station pressure, wind speed, and downwelling shortwave and longwave radiation. The variability of evaporative demand is decomposed across various time scales into contributions from these drivers. Contrary to popular expectation and much hydrologic practice, temperature is not always the most significant driver of temporal variability in evaporative demand, particularly at subannual time scales. Instead, depending on the season, one of four drivers (temperature, specific humidity, downwelling shortwave radiation, and wind speed) dominates across different regions of CONUS. Temperature generally dominates in the northern continental interior. This analysis assists land surface modelers in balancing parameter parsimony and physical representativeness. Patterns of dominant drivers are shown to cycle seasonally, with clear implications for modeling evaporative demand in operational hydrology or as a metric of climate change and variability. Depending on the region and season, temperature, specific humidity, downwelling shortwave radiation, and wind speed must together be examined, with downwelling longwave radiation as a secondary input. If any variable may be ignored, it is atmospheric pressure. Parameterizations of evaporative demand based solely on temperature should be avoided at all time scales.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 11-04-2018
Abstract: *THIS PAPER HAS NOT YET BEEN PEER REVIEWED* Listening to music is a strategy many people use to regulate their emotions, especially sadness. However, there is disagreement about whether listening to music is a healthy way to regulate emotions, with some research finding that sad music worsens a sad state, especially for people high in rumination. To further explore the immediate consequences of music listening when sad 128 young adults (41% male, aged 18 to 25 years) were induced into a sad emotional state prior to random assignment to listening of either self-selected music, experimenter-selected sad music, or no music. Results revealed that listening to either self-selectedor experimenter-selected music led to a decrease in sadness. No difference was found between groups at post-listening. However, participants who listened to self-selected music reported a return to baseline levels of sadness, while this did not occur for participants who listened to experimenter-selected or were in the no music control. Rumination was also measured but did not moderate the impact of music listening on sadness for either musiccondition. Furthermore, there was no impact of rumination on participants’ perceptions of sadness in music. These results support the notion that listening to sad music does not worsen a sad state—even for those high in rumination—although it does appear to slow the emotion regulation process in cases where sad music is not self-selected.
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 07-2004
DOI: 10.1029/2004GL019846
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2020
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 06-01-2021
Abstract: Abstract. In eastern Africa droughts can cause crop failure and lead to food insecurity. With increasing temperatures, there is an a priori assumption that droughts are becoming more severe. However, the link between droughts and climate change is not sufficiently understood. Here we investigate trends in long-term agricultural drought and the influence of increasing temperatures and precipitation deficits. Using a combination of models and observational datasets, we studied trends, spanning the period from 1900 (to approximate pre-industrial conditions) to 2018, for six regions in eastern Africa in four drought-related annually averaged variables: soil moisture, precipitation, temperature, and evaporative demand (E0). In standardized soil moisture data, we found no discernible trends. The strongest influence on soil moisture variability was from precipitation, especially in the drier or water-limited study regions temperature and E0 did not demonstrate strong relations to soil moisture. However, the error margins on precipitation trend estimates are large and no clear trend is evident, whereas significant positive trends were observed in local temperatures. The trends in E0 are predominantly positive, but we do not find strong relations between E0 and soil moisture trends. Nevertheless, the E0 trend results can still be of interest for irrigation purposes because it is E0 that determines the maximum evaporation rate. We conclude that until now the impact of increasing local temperatures on agricultural drought in eastern Africa is limited and we recommend that any soil moisture analysis be supplemented by an analysis of precipitation deficit.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-11-2012
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511005915
Abstract: Regular fish or fish oil intake is associated with a low incidence of heart failure clinically, and fish oil-induced reduction in cardiac remodelling seen in hypertrophy models may contribute. We investigated whether improved cardiac energy efficiency in non-hypertrophied hearts translates into attenuation of cardiac dysfunction in hypertrophied hearts. Male Wistar rats ( n 33) at 8 weeks of age were sham-operated or subjected to abdominal aortic stenosis to produce pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy. Starting 3 weeks post-operatively to follow initiation of hypertrophy, rats were fed a diet containing 10 % olive oil (control) or 5 % fish oil (ROPUFA® 30 (17 % EPA, 10 % DHA))+5 % olive oil (FO diet). At 15 weeks post-operatively, ventricular haemodynamics and oxygen consumption were evaluated in the blood-perfused, isolated working heart. Resting and maximally stimulated cardiac output and external work were % depressed in hypertrophied control hearts but this was prevented by FO feeding, without attenuating hypertrophy. Cardiac energy efficiency was lower in hypertrophy, but greater in FO hearts for any given cardiac mass. Coronary blood flow, restricted in hypertrophied control hearts, increased with increasing work in hypertrophied FO hearts, revealing a significant coronary vasodilator reserve. Pronounced cardiac dysfunction in hypertrophied hearts across low and high workloads, indicative of heart failure, was attenuated by FO feeding in association with membrane incorporation of n -3 PUFA, principally DHA. Dietary fish oil may offer a new approach to balancing the high oxygen demand and haemodynamic requirements of the failing hypertrophied heart independently of attenuating hypertrophy.
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU23-16989
Abstract: Data-sparse hydroclimates across the globe are often the most vulnerable to climate shocks and their populations to food insecurity. Drought monitoring and famine early warning in these regions have for too long relied on poor parameterizations of atmospheric evaporative demand (E0)& #8212 no less than the demand side of drought and of consumptive use by agriculture& #8212 either relying on physically poor process representations of E0& or on climatological mean estimates. However, by exploiting the advent of long-term, spatially distributed, and accurate reanalyses of the land-atmosphere system and its drivers we can put new data to use to save livelihoods and lives by improving drought monitoring, famine early warning, and multi-scale agricultural risk assessment.Here we describe one such effort& #8212 to create a daily, long-term, accurate, global operational dataset of E0. Funded by the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) and its partners, we have developed a nearly 42-year long, daily, 0.125-degree, global dataset of Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration as a fully physical metric of E0. This new E0 dataset is driven by the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2)& #8212 an accurate, fine-resolution land-surface/atmosphere reanalysis. We verified the accuracy of the dataset against (i) point-estimates of E0 derived by Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management (SASSCAL) initiative in Southern Africa, a region with sparse ground-truth data and significant humanitarian need, and (ii) on a spatially distributed basis against E0 derived from other reanalyses (Global Data Assimilation System and Princeton Global Forcing) that, although global, are otherwise unsuitable for operational food-security decision-making.We summarize the various uses to which the new E0& dataset is already being put in support of food-security monitoring and decision-making in food-insecure countries within the FEWS NET framework: to provide input data for a global implementation of the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI), which examines anomalies in E0 to permit early warning and ongoing monitoring of agricultural flash drought and hydrologic drought, both crucial drivers of food insecurity and to diagnose the anomalies in E0 that lead to or signal drought into the relative contributions from its drivers, examining canonical droughts across Africa (e.g., the 2015 drought in Malawi, and the 2016 Horn of Africa drought, and the current multi-year East African drought). We also present use-cases that verify the operational applicability of the new E0 dataset in long-established drought, famine, crop- and pastoral-stress metrics, and in predictability assessments of drought forecasts. Driven by this new dataset, these analyses should significantly contribute to a more holistic understanding of drought and food-security across the African continent and the rest of the world.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2015
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.21429/C9MW25
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2009
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 23-03-2020
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU2020-22510
Abstract: & & A robust definition of drought is as a sustained and impactful surface moisture imbalance between its supply and demand. While the supply aspect has generally long been well characterized by precipitation, the same cannot be said for the demand side, which is a function of atmospheric evaporative demand (sometimes also called potential evaporation, or PET) and surface moisture availability. Traditional drought analyses have neglected evaporative demand entirely or inadequately parameterized it using either its climatological mean or estimates based on temperature. This is primarily due to (i) a deficient understanding of the role that evaporative demand plays in both driving and exacerbating drought, and (ii) a paucity of the data required to fully characterize evaporative demand& #8212 temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed. These deficiencies are particularly acute over data-sparse regions that are also home to drought-vulnerable and food-insecure populations, such as across much of Africa.& br& & br& There is thus urgent need for global evaporative demand estimates for physically accurate drought analyses and food security assessments such as those operationally conducted by the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWSNET). We need first to improve our understanding of how evaporative demand and drought interact, and then exploit these interactions in drought monitoring and in support of famine early warning.& br& & br& The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) supports FEWSNET& #8217 s food-security monitoring, early warning, and forecast efforts by providing a nearly 40-year long, daily, 0.125-degree, global dataset of Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration as a fully physical metric of evaporative demand. This dataset is driven by the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2)& #8212 an accurate, fine-resolution land-surface/atmosphere reanalysis& #8212 and is proving invaluable for examining and attributing hydroclimatic changes and extremes on secular time scales and in ongoing operations. An emerging drought index based on this dataset& #8212 the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI)& #8212 represents drought& #8217 s demand perspective, and permits early warning and ongoing monitoring of agricultural flash drought and hydrologic drought, both crucial drivers of food insecurity.& br& & br& Our goal in this presentation is to describe how these needs are increasingly being met by service of evaporative demand data and value-added drought-monitoring and famine early warning products to regional scientists tasked with assessing drought (and famine) risk in food-insecure countries within the FEWSNET framework. We will summarize the development and verification of the evaporative demand dataset and the results of a rigorous decomposition of its temporal variability across Africa. Further, we will highlight the utility of the dataset by examining the attribution of extreme evaporative demand anomalies associated with canonical droughts across the continent (e.g., the 2016 Horn of Africa drought), by using EDDI in early warning, and using the new evaporative demand dataset as an input to established food-security metrics such as GeoWRSI& #8212 a geo-spatial, stand-alone implementation of the Water Requirements Satisfaction Index. Together, these analyses should greatly contribute to a more holistic understanding of drought and food-security risk across the continent.& &
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 05-2001
DOI: 10.1029/2000WR900359
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 05-2001
DOI: 10.1029/2000WR900358
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 04-07-2018
Abstract: motion dysregulation increases the risk of depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Music can help regulate emotions, and mobile phones provide constant access to it. The Music eScape mobile app teaches young people how to identify and manage emotions using music. his study aimed to examine the effects of using Music eScape on emotion regulation, distress, and well-being at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. Moderators of outcomes and user ratings of app quality were also examined. randomized controlled trial compared immediate versus 1-month delayed access to Music eScape in 169 young people (aged 16 to 25 years) with at least mild levels of mental distress (Kessler 10 score ). o significant differences between immediate and delayed groups on emotion regulation, distress, or well-being were found at 1 month. Both groups achieved significant improvements in 5 of the 6 emotion regulation skills, mental distress, and well-being at 2, 3, and 6 months. Unhealthy music use moderated improvements on 3 emotion regulation skills. Users gave the app a high mean quality rating (mean 3.8 [SD 0.6]) out of 5. usic eScape has the potential to provide a highly accessible way of improving young people’s emotion regulation skills, but further testing is required to determine its efficacy. Targeting unhealthy music use in distressed young people may improve their emotion regulation skills. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12615000051549 www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=365974
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 20-11-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-04-2015
Publisher: National and Regional Climate Adaptation Science Centers
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.21429/43R4-3Q68
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-10-2015
DOI: 10.1111/ASAP.12089
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 12-12-2016
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the changes in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology during treatment in a drug and alcohol therapeutic community. A repeated measures design was employed that looked at PTSD, depression, anxiety, and stress at a pre- and post-timepoint. A second s le was then evaluated at time of program completion to seven months post-treatment. PTSD symptomatology significantly decreased in in iduals who had undertaken treatment, and continued to decline post-treatment. This finding was irrespective of any PTSD-specific treatment. PTSD specific treatment is not necessary to lower the symptomatology. Furthermore, this provides evidence that PTSD and substance use disorders are so highly intertwined that the comorbidity can almost be considered a single, diagnosis. This is a partial replication of previous research which had not previously been replicated. This research also adds to the limited research which looks at PTSD from the perspective of drug and alcohol rehabilitation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2005
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 30-11-2015
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2016.01.010
Abstract: Social isolation and disconnection have profound negative effects on mental health, but there are few, if any, theoretically-derived interventions that directly target this problem. We evaluate a new intervention, Groups 4 Health (G4H), a manualized 5-module psychological intervention that targets the development and maintenance of social group relationships to treat psychological distress arising from social isolation. G4H was tested using a non-randomized control design. The program was delivered to young adults presenting with social isolation and affective disturbance. Primary outcome measures assessed mental health (depression, general anxiety, social anxiety, and stress), well-being (life satisfaction, self-esteem) and social connectedness (loneliness, social functioning). Our secondary goal was to assess whether mechanisms of social identification were responsible for changes in outcomes. G4H was found to significantly improve mental health, well-being, and social connectedness on all measures, both on program completion and 6-month follow-up. In line with social identity theorizing, analysis also showed that improvements in depression, anxiety, stress, loneliness, and life satisfaction were underpinned by participants' increased identification both with their G4H group and with multiple groups. This study provides preliminary evidence of the potential value of G4H and its underlying mechanisms, but further examination is required in other populations to address issues of generalizability, and in randomized controlled trials to address its wider efficacy. Results of this pilot study confirm that G4H has the potential to reduce the negative health-related consequences of social disconnection. Future research will determine its utility in wider community contexts.
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 06-2016
Abstract: Many operational drought indices focus primarily on precipitation and temperature when depicting hydroclimatic anomalies, and this perspective can be augmented by analyses and products that reflect the evaporative dynamics of drought. The linkage between atmospheric evaporative demand E0 and actual evapotranspiration (ET) is leveraged in a new drought index based solely on E0—the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI). EDDI measures the signal of drought through the response of E0 to surface drying anomalies that result from two distinct land surface–atmosphere interactions: 1) a complementary relationship between E0 and ET that develops under moisture limitations at the land surface, leading to ET declining and increasing E0, as in sustained droughts, and 2) parallel ET and E0 increases arising from increased energy availability that lead to surface moisture limitations, as in flash droughts. To calculate EDDI from E0, a long-term, daily reanalysis of reference ET estimated from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) standardized reference ET equation using radiation and meteorological variables from the North American Land Data Assimilation System phase 2 (NLDAS-2) is used. EDDI is obtained by deriving empirical probabilities of aggregated E0 depths relative to their climatologic means across a user-specific time period and normalizing these probabilities. Positive EDDI values then indicate drier-than-normal conditions and the potential for drought. EDDI is a physically based, multiscalar drought index that that can serve as an indicator of both flash and sustained droughts, in some hydroclimates offering early warning relative to current operational drought indices. The performance of EDDI is assessed against other commonly used drought metrics across CONUS in Part II.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2008
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 19-10-2017
Abstract: This article presents a description and pilot evaluation of Tuned In, a brief group intervention using music listening to teach young people emotional awareness and regulation skills. The program is underpinned by a two-dimensional (valence and arousal) model of emotion and activities to enhance participants’ emotional responses while listening to music. The four-session program was piloted with 51 university students aged 18–25 years (67% female). Approximately a third of the s le was above the normal range for depression, anxiety or stress symptoms. Participants were randomly assigned to Tuned In or a wait-list control. Tuned In involved groups of around eight participants with two psychologist facilitators. Tuned In participants experienced greater improvement in emotional awareness and clarity and total emotion regulation than controls. Weekly ratings pooled for the entire s le (after the wait-listed participants had completed Tuned In) indicated significant improvements over time in emotional awareness, ability to name emotions, and ability to regulate emotions. Ratings of engagement were high and the overall attendance rate was 98%. Tuned In shows promise as a brief emotion regulation intervention for young adults.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2014.02.019
Abstract: Clinical depression is often preceded by social withdrawal, however, limited research has examined whether depressive symptoms are alleviated by interventions that increase social contact. In particular, no research has investigated whether social identification (the sense of being part of a group) moderates the impact of social interventions. We test this in two longitudinal intervention studies. In Study 1 (N=52), participants at risk of depression joined a community recreation group in Study 2 (N=92) adults with diagnosed depression joined a clinical psychotherapy group. In both the studies, social identification predicted recovery from depression after controlling for initial depression severity, frequency of attendance, and group type. In Study 2, benefits of social identification were larger for depression symptoms than for anxiety symptoms or quality of life. Social identification is subjective and psychological, and therefore participants could not be randomly assigned to high and low social identification conditions. Findings have implications for health practitioners in clinical and community settings, suggesting that facilitating social participation is effective and cost-effective in treating depression.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Date: 2022
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1029/2005GL023549
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-02-2018
DOI: 10.1093/ABM/KAX054
Abstract: Frequent attenders in primary care have complex physical and mental healthcare needs as well as low satisfaction with their health care. Interventions targeting mental health or psychoeducation have not been effective in reducing attendance. Here, we test the proposition that both frequent attendance and poor health are partly explained by unmet social needs (i.e., limited social group support networks). Study 1 (N = 1,752) was a large, cross-sectional community s le of primary care attenders in Scotland. Study 2 (N = 79) was a longitudinal study of a group of young people undergoing a life transition (moving countries and commencing university) that increased their risk of frequent attendance. Study 3 (N = 46) was a pre-post intervention study examining whether disadvantaged adults who joined a social group subsequently had reduced frequency of primary care attendance. All three studies found that low social group connectedness was associated with a higher frequency of primary care attendance. This was not attributable to poorer health among those who were socially isolated. In Study 3, joining a social group led to reduced primary care attendance to the extent that participants experienced a (subjective) increase in their social group connectedness. Unmet social needs among frequent attenders warrant closer consideration. Interventions that target social group connectedness show promise for reducing overutilization of primary care services.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-10-2023
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2018
Abstract: The acoustic cues that convey emotion in speech are similar to those that convey emotion in music, and recognition of emotion in both of these types of cue recruits overlapping networks in the brain. Given the similarities between music and speech prosody, developmental research is uniquely positioned to determine whether recognition of these cues develops in parallel. In the present study, we asked 60 children aged 6 to 11 years, and 51 university students, to judge the emotions of 10 musical excerpts, 10 inflected speech clips, and 10 affect burst clips. We presented stimuli intended to convey happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and pride. Each emotion was presented twice per type of stimulus. We found that recognition of emotions in music and speech developed in parallel, and adult-levels of recognition develop later for these stimuli than for affect bursts. We also found that sad stimuli were most easily recognised, followed by happiness, fear, and then anger. In addition, we found that recognition of emotion in speech and affect bursts can predict emotion recognition in music stimuli independently of age and musical training. Finally, although proud speech and affect bursts were not well recognised, children aged eight years and older showed adult-like responses in recognition of proud music.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 16-03-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-11-2016
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 12-09-2016
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 04-03-2021
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU21-16380
Abstract: & & Until the scientific community coalesces around a consensus definition of flash drought, we might usefully distinguish them from & #8220 ordinary& #8221 droughts by applying a criterion of a rapid intensification from near-normal soil moisture to drought conditions over a period of a few weeks. Here, we use such a definition to generate the first spatially distributed, long-term climatology of flash droughts across Australia, which we derive using a suite of indices that capture both the supply and the demand perspectives of drought: evaporative demand describes the atmospheric demand for moisture from the surface precipitation, the supply of moisture from the atmosphere to the surface and evaporative stress, the supply of moisture from the surface relative to evaporative demand.& & & & Regardless of metric-based definition, flash droughts are observed across all seasons. They can terminate as rapidly as they start, but in some cases can eventuate in a seasonal-scale drought. We show that flash-drought variability and its prevalence can be related to ENSO phases, which suggests an opportunity for enhanced seasonal-scale prediction. We examine a case study in the Wimmera Region of southeast Australia (around the South Australia / Victoria border), we show that monitoring precipitation is less useful for capturing the onset of flash drought. Instead, indices that capture the demand perspective of drought--such as the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI) and Evaporative Stress Index (ESI)--are more useful for monitoring flash-drought development.& &
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2009
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-01-2016
DOI: 10.3390/NU8010014
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 29-05-2018
Abstract: Emerging evidence suggests that arts-based programs are helpful in mental health treatment, however, the research has lacked a cohesive and compelling theoretical framework. This study explored how the psychological mechanisms involved in participating in a choir and a creative writing group relate to a social identity theoretical approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 choir members, and 23 creative writing group members at two time points. A thematic analysis revealed that the programs provided participants with a new group identity and renewed participants’ creative identities. These identities frame how the groups meet psychological needs (belonging, esteem, agency, purpose, and hedonic enjoyment) on both a collective and in idual level, thus enhancing wellbeing. Challenges relating to attending and connecting with the group were also identified (experiences of identity incompatibility, anxiety, chronic pain, and practical barriers). These findings conceptualise how arts-based groups can develop empowered identities which provide pathways toward mental health recovery.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-06-2019
DOI: 10.1111/PCE.13576
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 11-2017
Abstract: The Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) team provides food insecurity outlooks for several developing countries in Africa, central Asia, and Central America. This study describes development of a new global reference evapotranspiration (ET 0 ) seasonal reforecast and skill evaluation with a particular emphasis on the potential use of this dataset by FEWS NET to support food insecurity early warning. The ET 0 reforecasts span the 1982–2009 period and are calculated following the American Society for Civil Engineers formulation of the Penman–Monteith method driven by seasonal climate forecasts of monthly mean temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction CFSv2 model and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration GEOS-5 model. The skill evaluation, using deterministic and probabilistic scores, focuses on the December–February (DJF), March–May (MAM), June–August (JJA), and September–November seasons. The results indicate that ET 0 forecasts are a promising tool for early warning of drought and food insecurity. Globally, the regions where forecasts are most skillful (correlation 0.35 at leads of 2 months) include the western United States, northern parts of South America, parts of the Sahel region, and southern Africa. The FEWS NET regions where forecasts are most skillful (correlation 0.35 at lead 3) include northern sub-Saharan Africa (DJF dry season), Central America (DJF dry season), parts of East Africa (JJA wet season), southern Africa (JJA dry season), and central Asia (MAM wet season). A case study over parts of East Africa for the JJA season shows that ET 0 forecasts in combination with the precipitation forecasts would have provided early warning of recent severe drought events (e.g., in 2002, 2004, 2009) that contributed to substantial food insecurity in the region.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-09-2014
DOI: 10.1111/BJSO.12081
Abstract: According to the Social Identity Model of Identity Change, maintaining social identities and support over time is good for health and well-being, particularly during stressful transitions. However, in this study we explore the circumstances under which maintaining social identities - such as 'substance user' - may be harmful to health, and when a successful transition constitutes identity change, rather than maintenance. This prospective study examined social identities of 132 adults entering a drug and alcohol therapeutic community (TC) at admission, three fortnightly intervals and exit, as well as a representative subs le of 60 participants at follow-up. Repeated measures ANOVA results showed that user identity decreased significantly over time, such that 76% of the s le decreased in user identity strength over the first month in the TC. At the same time, recovery identity ratings increased significantly over time, with 64% of the s le staying the same or increasing their recovery identity ratings over the first month. Identity change, indexed by the change in the difference score between user identity and recovery identity over the treatment period, accounted for 34% of the variance in drinking quantity, 41% of the variance in drinking frequency, 5% of the variance in other drug use frequency, and 49% of the variance in life satisfaction at follow-up, after accounting for initial substance abuse severity and social identity ratings at entry to the TC. The findings indicate that moving from a substance using identity towards a recovery identity constitutes an important step in substance abuse treatment.
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 10-2022
Abstract: Flash droughts, characterized by their unusually rapid intensification, have garnered increasing attention within the weather, climate, agriculture, and ecological communities in recent years due to their large environmental and socioeconomic impacts. Because flash droughts intensify quickly, they require different early warning capabilities and management approaches than are typically used for slower-developing “conventional” droughts. In this essay, we describe an integrated research-and-applications agenda that emphasizes the need to reconceptualize our understanding of flash drought within existing drought early warning systems by focusing on opportunities to improve monitoring and prediction. We illustrate the need for engagement among physical scientists, social scientists, operational monitoring and forecast centers, practitioners, and policy-makers to inform how they view, monitor, predict, plan for, and respond to flash drought. We discuss five related topics that together constitute the pillars of a robust flash drought early warning system, including the development of 1) a physically based identification framework, 2) comprehensive drought monitoring capabilities, and 3) improved prediction over various time scales that together 4) aid impact assessments and 5) guide decision-making and policy. We provide specific recommendations to illustrate how this fivefold approach could be used to enhance decision-making capabilities of practitioners, develop new areas of research, and provide guidance to policy-makers attempting to account for flash drought in drought preparedness and response plans.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2020
DOI: 10.1002/PLD3.260
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 28-03-2022
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU22-13137
Abstract: & & Our goal here is to answer the question, & #8220 what drives the demand side of drought?& #8221 We achieve this by decomposing atmospheric evaporative demand (Eo) anomalies during periods of drought into contributions from all of its drivers, using the US Midwest as a study region. In drought, anomalies in Eo are driven by anomalies in moisture availability, but Eo reacts quickly and so is a robust drought indicator. Thus, asking to what extent each meteorological driver determines evaporative demand in drought conditions is of value both academically and operationally.& & & & We define drought as a sustained imbalance between the supply of moisture from the atmosphere to the surface (Precipitation) and the demand in the atmosphere for moisture from the surface, in favor of the demand. The demand arm is atmospheric evaporative demand (Eo (sometimes referred to as & #8220 otential evaporation& #8221 ) evapotranspiration (ET), the actual return flux to the atmosphere, is determined as the extent to which this demand can be met by the moisture available at the surface.& & & & In this context, Eo can be thought of as the & #8220 thirst of the atmosphere.& #8221 It is a function of meteorological and radiative drivers at the surface: specifically temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, and humidity (and to a lesser degree, surface pressure). For Eo we use daily reference ET (ETo) from the Penman-Monteith equation, which provides a fully physical estimate that incorporates the effects of both advective and radiative forcing. We drive ETo by inputs from the North American Land Data Assimilation System phase-2 (NLDAS-2), which are distributed across CONUS at a spatial resolution of 0.125 degrees, and available from 1979 to the present.& & & & Drought periods are determined using various spatially distributed drought-monitoring tools: specifically, the US Drought Monitor (USDM) the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI) the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and soil moisture percentiles from the NLDAS-driven Noah land surface model.& & & & We conduct a first-order analysis of the anomalies in Eo that exist during drought conditions. This technique assumes that the contributions from anomalies in all drivers sum to the anomaly in Eo each driver& #8217 s contribution is the product of the sensitivity of Eo to, and the anomaly in, the driver. As our expression for Eo (i.e., Penman-Monteith ETo) is differentiable, the sensitivity to each driver can be derived explicitly by partial differentiation. Drivers& #8217 anomalies are observed by querying the reanalysis during drought periods and deriving deviations from the drivers& #8217 long-term means for the same periods across the entire reanalysis period.& & & & Here we present the (i) general methodology for both the development of Eo and its decomposition and (ii) the results of the decomposition of drought-period Eo anomalies into the relative contributions from each driver across the Midwest Drought Early Warning System (DEWS) region.& &
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-03-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-01-2014
DOI: 10.1111/BJC.12042
Abstract: Maladaptive schemas are stable cognitive working models of the world, learnt early in life, that interfere with effective functioning and underlie chronic mental illness. A major challenge for cognitive therapy has been how to modify schemas when they are so enduring and stable. We propose that because maladaptive schemas are formed through social experiences (typically abusive or neglectful ones), they might best be corrected through positive social experiences that directly challenge the schema. Two longitudinal studies were conducted, one with patients undergoing group cognitive-behavioural therapy (N = 92) and one with homeless in iduals residing in temporary accommodation (N = 76). In each study, social isolation schema was measured at Time 1 and again at Time 2 following a group-based social experience (group psychotherapy or temporary residence at a community organization). A positive experience of group life was operationalized as social identification with the therapy group in Study 1 or the community organization in Study 2. In both studies, social identification led to a significant reduction in social isolation schema. Study 2 indicated that these effects were fully mediated by the formation of ties to new social groups, such that social identification scaffolded the development of new group memberships, which in turn decreased the endorsement of maladaptive schema. Social identification facilitates the correction of socially situated schema such as social isolation. Maladaptive schemas are modifiable in short-term therapy or even in community settings. The experience of being accepted and belonging to a social group can challenge a person's deep-seated belief that they are socially isolated. Positive social experiences may act as scaffolding to help socially isolated in iduals build new social group memberships. Less positively, social isolation schema can also act as a feedback loop, preventing people from identifying with groups, resulting in a negative social experience that may further embed the schema. Further research is needed to determine how clinicians might facilitate social identification.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-12-2018
DOI: 10.1111/BJC.12168
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-09-2016
DOI: 10.1111/BJSO.12127
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 24-05-2019
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 11-2022
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 24-05-2019
DOI: 10.5194/ESD-2019-20
Abstract: Abstract. In eastern Africa droughts can cause crop failure and lead to food insecurity. With increasing temperatures, there is an a priori assumption that droughts are becoming more severe, however, the link between droughts and climate change is not sufficiently understood. In the current study we focus on agricultural drought and the influence of high temperatures and precipitation deficits on this. Using a combination of models and observational datasets, we studied trends in six regions in eastern Africa in four drought-related annually averaged variables – soil moisture, precipitation, temperature and, as a measure of evaporative demand, potential evapotranspiration (PET). In standardized soil moisture data, we find no discernible trends. Precipitation was found to have a stronger influence on soil moisture variability than temperature or PET, especially in the drier, or water-limited, study regions. The error margins on precipitation-trend estimates are however large and no clear trend is evident. We find significant positive trends in local temperatures. However, the influence of these on soil moisture annual trends appears limited as evaporation is water limited. The trends in PET are predominantly positive, but we do not find strong relations between PET and soil moisture trends. Nevertheless, the PET-trend results can still be of interest for irrigation purposes as it is PET that determines the maximum evaporation rate. We conclude that, until now, the impact of increasing local temperatures on agricultural drought in eastern Africa is limited and recommend that any soil moisture analysis be supplemented by analysis of precipitation deficit.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 29-05-2018
Abstract: People experiencing chronic mental health conditions often report feeling socially marginalised. There is emerging evidence that social and mental wellbeing can be enhanced through arts-based programs. In this paper, a social identity theoretical approach was applied to explore how participation in the arts may improve mental health in a longitudinal study. A one-year prospective study of 34 choir members and 25 creative writing group members (Mage = 46, 51% female) with chronic mental health conditions, involved three assessments of participants’ group identification and mental wellbeing, measured by the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. The programs were community-based and facilitated by arts professionals. Multilevel modelling analyses demonstrated that participants’ mental wellbeing significantly improved over time. Greater identification with their arts based group was significantly related to an increased rate of improvement in mental wellbeing. The trajectory of improvement in mental wellbeing did not differ between participants partaking in the choir or creative writing group. This study demonstrates that participation in arts-based groups can be effective in improving mental wellbeing in adults with chronic mental health problems, particularly for those who strongly identify with the group. This study supports arts-based group participation as an accessible component of mental health services.
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 06-2016
Abstract: Precipitation, soil moisture, and air temperature are the most commonly used climate variables to monitor drought however, other climatic factors such as solar radiation, wind speed, and humidity can be important drivers in the depletion of soil moisture and evolution and persistence of drought. This work assesses the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI) at multiple time scales for several hydroclimates as the second part of a two-part study. EDDI and in idual evaporative demand components were examined as they relate to the dynamic evolution of flash drought over the central United States, characterization of hydrologic drought over the western United States, and comparison to commonly used drought metrics of the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSI), and the evaporative stress index (ESI). Two main advantages of EDDI over other drought indices are that it is independent of precipitation (similar to ESI) and it can be decomposed to identify the role in idual evaporative drivers have on drought onset and persistence. At short time scales, spatial distributions and time series results illustrate that EDDI often indicates drought onset well in advance of the USDM, SPI, and SSI. Results illustrate the benefits of physically based evaporative demand estimates and demonstrate EDDI’s utility and effectiveness in an easy-to-implement agricultural early warning and long-term hydrologic drought–monitoring tool with potential applications in seasonal forecasting and fire-weather monitoring.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-05-2021
DOI: 10.1111/PCE.14057
Abstract: Common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) are highly sensitive to elevated temperatures, and rising global temperatures threaten bean production. Plants at the reproductive stage are especially susceptible to heat stress due to damage to male (anthers) and female (ovary) reproductive tissues, with anthers being more sensitive to heat. Heat damage promotes early tapetal cell degradation, and in beans this was shown to cause male infertility. In this study, we focus on understanding how changes in leaf carbon export in response to elevated temperature stress contribute to heat‐induced infertility. We hypothesize that anther glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity plays an important role at elevated temperature and promotes thermotolerance. To test this hypothesis, we compared heat‐tolerant and susceptible common bean genotypes using a combination of phenotypic, biochemical, and physiological approaches. Our results identified changes in leaf sucrose export, anther sugar accumulation and G6PDH activity and anther H 2 O 2 levels and antioxidant‐related enzymes between genotypes at elevated temperature. Further, anther respiration rate was found to be lower at high temperature in both bean varieties. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that enhanced male reproductive heat tolerance involves changes in the anther oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, which supplies reductants to critical H 2 O 2 scavenging enzymes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 14-01-2016
DOI: 10.1002/2015GL067009
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 16-01-2019
DOI: 10.2196/11482
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2001
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 10-2013
Abstract: Assessing climate change risk to municipal water supplies is often conducted by hydrologic modeling specific to local watersheds and infrastructure to ensure that outputs are compatible with existing planning frameworks and processes. This study leverages the modeling capacity of an operational National Weather Service River Forecast Center to explore the potential impacts of future climate-driven hydrologic changes on factors important to planning at the Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities (SLC). Hydrologic modeling results for the study area align with prior research in showing that temperature changes alone will lead to earlier runoff and reduced runoff volume. The sensitivity of average annual flow to temperature varies significantly between watersheds, averaging −3.8% °F−1 and ranging from −1.8% to −6.5% flow reduction per degree Fahrenheit of warming. The largest flow reductions occur during the high water demand months of May–September. Precipitation drives hydrologic response more strongly than temperature, with each 1% precipitation change producing an average 1.9% runoff change of the same sign. This paper explores the consequences of climate change for the reliability of SLC's water supply system using scenarios that include hydrologic changes in average conditions, severe drought scenarios, and future water demand test cases. The most significant water management impacts will be earlier and reduced runoff volume, which threaten the system's ability to maintain adequate streamflow and storage to meet late-summer water demands.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-12-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-11-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-04-2016
Abstract: Music is commonly found in substance using contexts yet little is known about whether music acts as an auditory cue for emotions and cravings that might lead to substance use. The current study addressed two questions: first, whether in iduals in treatment for substance use disorders (SUD) show different emotional responses to music compared to matched controls, and second, whether music listening can increase and reduce cravings to use substances in in iduals with SUD. Participants were 19 adults in residential treatment for SUD and 19 healthy adults matched for age and gender (both s les had a mean age of 31 years and 53% males). There were significant between-group differences in emotional response to relaxing, happy, and sad music – in particular, participants with SUD showed a d ened response to happy music. Furthermore, after listening to a participant-selected song related to their substance use, in iduals with SUD experienced an increase in cravings, while after listening to a nominated abstinent song, there was a decrease in cravings. These results show that music may act as a mild auditory cue for emotions and cravings in adults with SUD. Potential uses of music in SUD treatment are discussed, such as musical stimuli for cue exposure.
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 30-04-2019
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-04-2014
Abstract: Social relationships play a key role in depression. This is apparent in its etiology, symptomatology, and effective treatment. However, there has been little consensus about the best way to conceptualize the link between depression and social relationships. Furthermore, the extensive social-psychological literature on the nature of social relationships, and in particular, research on social identity, has not been integrated with depression research. This review presents evidence that social connectedness is key to understanding the development and resolution of clinical depression. The social identity approach is then used as a basis for conceptualizing the role of social relationships in depression, operationalized in terms of six central hypotheses. Research relevant to these hypotheses is then reviewed. Finally, we present an agenda for future research to advance theoretical and empirical understanding of the link between social identity and depression, and to translate the insights of this approach into clinical practice.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 07-06-2016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 23-05-2017
Abstract: Chronic smokers display greater cravings and higher dependence on nicotine than smokers who successfully quit, which indicates a need for novel interventions that address cravings. Smoke into Sound is an online interactive program that uses personalised music-listening to assist participants to manage emotional states and cravings that act as cues for their smoking. This study describes a pilot randomised trial of Smoke into Sound (MUSIC) in comparison to current best practice cognitive behaviour therapy programs delivered online and by telephone (CBTE) or by telephone only (CBTT). Participants were 55 chronic smokers aged 18 to 66 years (45% females) who completed an online questionnaire before being randomly assigned to one of the three conditions: MUSIC, CBTE or CBTT. The 38 participants remaining 6 weeks later completed a post-program online questionnaire to assess smoking status craving strength self-efficacy for cessation and confidence in regulating emotions without smoking. Almost half (45%) of the s le had stopped smoking at the post-program assessment, with similar proportions of participants in each condition no longer smoking. Participants in the MUSIC and CBTE conditions had greater reductions in craving strength and improvements in emotion regulation than those in the CBTT. The findings indicate that chronic smokers responded equally well to the music emotion regulation strategies as to the CBT strategies for smoking cessation. Smoke into Sound is the first program to our knowledge that applies music psychology theory to an intervention for addictive behaviour.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2019
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 24-05-2021
Abstract: Flash droughts can be distinguished by rapid intensification from near-normal soil moisture to drought conditions in a matter of weeks. Here, we provide the first characterisation of a climatology of flash drought across Australia using a suite of indices. The experiment is designed to capture a range of conditions related to drought: evaporative demand describes the atmospheric demand for moisture from the surface precipitation, the supply of moisture from the atmosphere to the surface and evaporative stress, the supply of moisture from the surface relative to the demand from the atmosphere. We show that regardless of the definition, flash droughts occur in all seasons. They can terminate as rapidly as they start, but in some cases can last many months, resulting in a seasonal-scale drought. We show that flash-drought variability and its prevalence can be related to phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, highlighting scope for seasonal-scale prediction. Using a case study in southeast Australia, we show that monitoring precipitation is less useful for capturing the onset of flash drought as it occurs. Instead, indices like the Evaporative Demand Drought Index and Evaporative Stress Index are more useful for monitoring flash-drought development.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 15-06-2015
Publisher: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)
Date: 21-04-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-04-2016
DOI: 10.1002/CASP.2272
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 12-10-2017
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 25-09-2017
DOI: 10.1201/B22009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-02-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-07-2017
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.2230
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 04-2021
Abstract: ‘Flash drought’ (FD) describes the rapid onset of drought on sub-seasonal times scales. It is of particular interest for agriculture as it can deplete soil moisture for crop growth in just a few weeks. To better understand the processes causing FD, we evaluate the importance of evaporative demand and precipitation by comparing three different drought indices that estimate this hazard using meteorological and hydrological parameters from the CMIP5 suite of models. We apply the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI), derived from evaporative demand (E 0 ) and the Evaporative Stress Index (ESI), which connects atmospheric and soil moisture conditions by measuring the ratio of actual and potential evaporation. The results show moderate-to-strong relationships (r 2 0.5) between drought indices and upper level soil moisture on daily time scales, especially in drought-prone regions. We find that all indices are able to identify FD in the top 10-cm layer of soil moisture in a similar proportion to that in the models’ climatologies. However, there is significant inter-model spread in the characteristics of the FDs identified. This spread is mainly caused by an overestimation of E 0 , indicating stark differences in the land surface models and coupling in in idual CMIP5 models. Of all indices, the SPI provides the highest skill in predicting FD prior to or at the time of onset in soil moisture, while both EDDI and ESI show significantly lower skill. The results highlight that the lack of precipitation is the main contributor to FDs in climate models, with E 0 playing a secondary role.
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 06-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-08-2016
DOI: 10.1111/BJSO.12155
Abstract: In this research, we introduce Social Identity Mapping (SIM) as a method for visually representing and assessing a person's subjective network of group memberships. To provide evidence of its utility, we report validating data from three studies (two longitudinal), involving student, community, and clinical s les, together comprising over 400 participants. Results indicate that SIM is easy to use, internally consistent, with good convergent and discriminant validity. Each study also illustrates the ways that SIM can be used to address a range of novel research questions. Study 1 shows that multiple positive group memberships are a particularly powerful predictor of well-being. Study 2 shows that social support is primarily given and received within social groups and that only in-group support is beneficial for well-being. Study 3 shows that improved mental health following a social group intervention is attributable to an increase in group compatibility. In this way, the studies demonstrate the capacity for SIM to make a contribution both to the development of social-psychological theory and to its practical application.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2019
Abstract: Research on choirs and other forms of group singing has been conducted for several decades and there has been a recent focus on the potential health and well-being benefits, particularly in amateur singers. Experimental, quantitative, and qualitative studies show evidence of a range of biopsychosocial and well-being benefits to singers however, there are many challenges to rigor and replicability. To support the advances of research into group singing, the authors met and discussed theoretical and methodological issues to be addressed in future studies. The authors are from five countries and represent the following disciplinary perspectives: music psychology, music therapy, community music, clinical psychology, educational and developmental psychology, evolutionary psychology, health psychology, social psychology, and public health. This article summarizes our collective thoughts in relation to the priority questions for future group singing research, theoretical frameworks, potential solutions for design and ethical challenges, quantitative measures, qualitative methods, and whether there is scope for a benchmarking set of measures across singing projects. With eight key recommendations, the article sets an agenda for best practice research on group singing.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-11-2019
DOI: 10.1111/JASP.12561
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 21-05-2015
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 20-06-2008
DOI: 10.1029/2008GL033840
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 09-2007
DOI: 10.1029/2007GL031166
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.2737/SRS-GTR-243
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-07-2017
DOI: 10.1111/BJC.12149
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-07-2016
DOI: 10.3390/NU8080466
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-12-2017
DOI: 10.1111/ACER.13278
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 19-07-2018
Abstract: This study aimed to establish the proportion of women seeking information regarding unintended pregnancy in the context of domestic violence (DV) and/or sexual assault (SA) experiences in Queensland. Mental health, sociodemographic variables, and gestation at first and repeated contacts were examined for 6249 women primarily seeking information regarding abortion options during an unintended pregnancy over the five-year period from July 2012 to June 2017. Reports of DV and SA and associations with mental health issues increased significantly across the five years. First contact rates of disclosure were 12.2% for DV and 3% for SA, and higher among repeat contacts (38.1% for DV and 14.1% for SA), with recurring contact facilitating violence disclosure. Restricting access to abortions in the context of violence impedes a woman’s agency in attempts to separate from violence and highlights the need for safe, supportive, and accessible services, to assist in screening and assisting with violence.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United States of America
Location: United States of America
No related grants have been discovered for Mike Hobbins.