ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4989-8582
Current Organisations
Macquarie University Department of Psychology
,
Swinburne University of Technology
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1982
DOI: 10.1016/S0197-0070(82)80025-9
Abstract: The present study was designed to assess the dating attitudes and behaviors of Australian adolescents. The psychosexual and psychoaffectional orientations to dating are considered. The influence of a number of variables was assessed: the stage of dating, biological sex, and sex role of respondents. Subjects were drawn from varied backgrouds to represent the general population. The affectional attitudes and behavior of respondents were influenced by the stage of dating, the sex role, and to a lesser extent, the biological sex. Sex-types in iduals were more restricted in their experiences than androgynous respondents until the committed levels of a relationship. The psychosexual and psychoaffectional orientations to dating appear to operate independently allowing both sexes to experience either sexual and affectional behaviors during dating. When assessing dating patterns it appears useful to consider both the sex and sex role of the respondents, as well as their sexual and affectional orientations to dating. Our data suggest that this results in a more valid picture of dating patterns.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2001
Abstract: The relative contribution of attentional and emotional factors to the physiological and subjective sexual arousal elicited by erotic film was evaluated. Sexual arousal, attentional, and emotional responses were measured while 30 men were presented with a series of erotic film segments. Levels of physiological and subjective sexual arousal were higher when subjects became absorbed in the activities portrayed in the film and when they experienced the depicted erotic encounters as appetitive, than when they were distracted and perceived the encounters as aversive. The erotic film elicited a diminished startle response to a sudden burst of white noise presented during stimulation relative to the nature film, suggesting that at a physiological level the erotic segments of film were processed as more appetitive in valence. The level of sexual arousal elicited by the erotic segments was related to the extent to which subjects were entertained by the film, even though there was considerable anxiety generated by the portrayed sexual scenarios. Sexual response was not significantly correlated with trait measures of absorption (as indexed by the Tellegen Absorption Scale) nor with vividness of imagery (as assessed by the Betts Questionnaire upon Mental Imagery). Arousal was related to state-assessed attentional and emotional variables, and physiological measures of emotional response, demonstrating the multidimensional nature of the sexual response. Future directions for comparing male sexual response patterns with female response patterns are suggested.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 11-2005
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 03-09-2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4CC05989A
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-05-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-02-2020
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 26-01-2017
DOI: 10.1017/S1041610216002532
Abstract: Family caregivers of people with dementia have significant unmet needs in regard to their caregiving role. Despite this, they are reluctant to utilize services to reduce their burden. The aim of this study was to examine the barriers and facilitators of service use among family caregivers of people with dementia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 family caregivers of community-dwelling people with dementia. Of these, 12 were partner caregivers (4 men, 8 women) and 12 were offspring caregivers (2 men, 10 women). The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Six main barriers and three facilitators were identified. These barriers and facilitators were relevant across many types of services and supports. The barriers were: the inability to find information about relevant services or support, the poor quality or mistrust of the services, the inflexibility of services, caregivers’ beliefs about their obligations to the caregiving role and resistance by the care recipient. Key facilitators were: having good communication with the care recipient, having an “expert” point of contact, and having beliefs about the caregiving role that enabled the use of services. Given the significant changes in the aged care service-system, it is important to discuss the barriers faced by family caregivers of people with dementia. This will inform the development of targeted strategies to address the lack of service use among these family caregivers.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-12-2015
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1118011
Abstract: There has been limited research examining how organizational factors are associated with the level of confidence of residential aged care staff in managing both residents' depression and the behavioural and psychological symptoms of residents with dementia (BPSD). This study investigated this issue. A cross-sectional study design was employed. In total, 255 aged care staff (131 senior staff, 124 junior staff) from 21 residential care facilities participated in the study. All staff completed measures of self-efficacy in managing BPSD as well as confidence in working with older people with depression. They also completed measures of organizational climate (autonomy, cohesion, trust, pressure, support, recognition, fairness and encouragement of innovation) and measures of workplace experience (job role, number of years working in aged care facilities), job stress and satisfaction, and knowledge of depression. The results demonstrated that autonomy, trust, support, and job stress were associated with confidence in managing BPSD, while the factors related to confidence in managing depression were autonomy, support, job stress, job satisfaction, and knowledge of depression. These findings highlight that organizational climate factors need to be addressed in order to increase staff confidence in managing BPSD and depression. In particular, the findings demonstrate the importance of fostering organizational environments in which autonomy is promoted and there is support and cooperation among aged care staff. Attention to these factors is likely to increase the confidence of staff as they carry out their carer role.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1080/09638280701400276
Abstract: Progressive neurological illnesses alter the health and well-being of people who experience them, and frequently lead to changes in the activities of both patients and their carers. Purpose. The current study investigated changes in work and recreational activities among people with four of these illnesses. In total, the following numbers of people with neurological illnesses and their carers participated in the study: 28 with multiple sclerosis 27 with motor neurone disease 31 with Parkinson's and 24 with Huntingtons disease. In addition, 28 professionals who worked with these populations participated in the study. In idual interviews were conducted with each of the above respondents to determine the impact of the neurological illness. The results demonstrated a high level of agreement from each of the participants. Most of the people with the illnesses and many of the carers had reduced their level of paid work. Generally, all groups of respondents perceived these changes as being negative. Changes in recreational activities were also seen to be primarily negative. These results are discussed in terms of proposed prevention and intervention programmes to prepare patients and their carers for the changes that result from the neurological illness, strategies to stay at work longer and to help them develop alternative strategies to assist them in filling the gap left in their lives that was previously occupied by paid work.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-02-2008
DOI: 10.1038/IJIR.2008.3
Abstract: Recent research on the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) has focused on medical interventions, in particular oral medications. The current study examined the effectiveness of an internet-based psychological intervention for this condition. In total, 31 men (12 in treatment group, 19 in control group) completed the program. The results demonstrated that men who completed the program reported improved erectile functioning and sexual relationship satisfaction and quality. The implications of these findings for the treatment of ED are discussed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2003
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-12-2015
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2008
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSXM.2015.12.034
Abstract: The incidence and prevalence of various sexual dysfunctions in women and men are important to understand to designate priorities for epidemiologic and clinical research. This manuscript was designed to conduct a review of the literature to determine the incidence and prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women and men. Members of Committee 1 of the Fourth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (2015) searched and reviewed epidemiologic literature on the incidence and prevalence of sexual dysfunctions. Key older studies and most studies published after 2009 were included in the text of this article. The outcome measures were the reports in the various studies of the incidence and prevalence of sexual dysfunction among women and men. There are more studies on incidence and prevalence for men than for women and many more studies on prevalence than incidence for women and men. The data indicate that the most frequent sexual dysfunctions for women are desire and arousal dysfunctions. In addition, there is a large proportion of women who experience multiple sexual dysfunctions. For men, premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction are the most common sexual dysfunctions, with less comorbidity across sexual dysfunctions for men compared with women. These data need to be treated with caution, because there is a high level of variability across studies caused by methodologic differences in the instruments used to assess presence of sexual dysfunction, ages of s les, nature of s les, methodology used to gather the data, and cultural differences. Future research needs to use well-validated tools to gather data and ensure that the data collection strategy is clearly described.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-1999
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 02-2011
DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X1000142X
Abstract: This study investigated the association between environmental mastery and depression in a s le of 96 older adults (aged 64–98 years) in residential care. The participants completed a scale that assessed depression along with measures for risk factors for depression such as functional capacity, self-evaluated physical health, bereavement experiences and environmental mastery. The results showed that 49 per cent of the variance in participants' scores in depression could be attributed to their self-reported level of environmental mastery. Given the complexity of depression and the likelihood of reduced environmental mastery among older adults in residential care, the construct was further assessed as a mediating variable between the risk factors and depression. With environmental mastery taken as such, the explained variance in depression increased to 56 per cent. It was concluded that environmental mastery may be one of the more important factors affecting the mental health of older adults living in residential care and that strategies for increasing the residents' environmental mastery are important to their psychological wellbeing. The discussion notes that among the questions needing further investigation are whether older adults who experience high environmental mastery make the transition from community living to residential nursing home care more successfully than others, and whether perceived mastery diminishes over time or occurs at the point of transition from community independent living to dependent supported living.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSXM.2015.12.032
Abstract: Research to validate models of sexual response empirically in men with and without sexual dysfunction (MSD), as currently defined, is limited. To explore the extent to which the traditional linear or the Basson circular model best represents male sexual response for men with MSD and sexually functional men. In total, 573 men completed an online questionnaire to assess sexual function and aspects of the models of sexual response. In total, 42.2% of men (242) were sexually functional, and 57.8% (331) had at least one MSD. Models were built and tested using bootstrapping and structural equation modeling. Fit of models for men with and without MSD. The linear model and the initial circular model were a poor fit for men with and without MSD. A modified version of the circular model demonstrated adequate fit for the two groups and showed important interactions between psychological factors and sexual response for men with and without MSD. Male sexual response was not represented by the linear model for men with or without MSD, excluding possible healthy responsive desire. The circular model provided a better fit for the two groups of men but demonstrated that the relations between psychological factors and phases of sexual response were different for men with and without MSD as currently defined.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-10-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2004
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-2010
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 18-04-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S1041610218000303
Abstract: The care of community-dwelling people with dementia often occurs in the context of pre-existing family relationships. The presence of dementia can result in changes to the quality of those relationships. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify factors that enhance or challenge the quality of spousal or offspring relationships in the context of dementia. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were included in a systematic review of the literature. Thematic analysis of results was conducted that examined factors related to the relationship quality of community dwelling people with dementia and their spousal or offspring carer. Meta-analysis was not possible due to the heterogeneity of the included studies. Four themes were extracted from seven qualitative studies: connection to the carer role identity of the people with dementia current efforts to maintain relationship connection and the dyads response to dementia. Each of these four themes incorporated positive and negative facets that impacted on relationship quality. An analysis of nine quantitative and one mixed methods studies identified four domains: influence of dementia characteristics connection within the dyad relationship response to stress and carer burden and carer demographic factors. The findings of this review highlight relationship factors that are important for supporting relationship quality for the people with dementia and the carer in idually, as well as for the dyad together. These findings extend an existing framework of relationship quality in dementia. Implications for interventions to enhance relationship quality in the dementia context are discussed.
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2015
Publisher: SLACK, Inc.
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20151008-77
Abstract: The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether premorbid personality traits (i.e., neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) can predict behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). In particular, agitation-related behaviors were examined. The current study used convenience s ling from 14 residential care facilities in Melbourne, Australia. Demographic and health data, cognitive ability, BPSD, and premorbid personality characteristics were collected from 62 female and 27 male older adults. Close informants of participants were asked to provide premorbid personality data (i.e., before the development of dementia) using the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory. Residential care staff used the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory to rate agitation-related behaviors over a 2-week period. Correlational analyses revealed associations between premorbid agreeableness and verbally nonaggressive behaviors, and between premorbid conscientiousness and verbally nonaggressive behaviors. Although the findings provide some support that premorbid personality shapes problematic behaviors exhibited in dementia, they are inconsistent with previous research and the hypotheses were generally not supported. [ Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 42 (1), 40–48.]
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2002
DOI: 10.1016/S0272-7358(01)00084-8
Abstract: Motivation for behavior change is considered a crucial issue in the treatment of sex offenders. However, there has been no systematic investigation of this issue. The first aim of this review is to draw together the literature related to motivation for behavior change among sex offenders. The second aim is to highlight issues that need to be addressed to facilitate an empirical investigation of motivation for change among sex offenders. It is argued that a better understanding of motivation for change among sex offenders will contribute to enhancing the efficacy of treatment programs for these offenders.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.BODYIM.2016.10.007
Abstract: This study evaluated a gender-specific, school-based program to promote positive body image and address risk factors for body dissatisfaction. In total, 652 children aged 8-10 years participated (335 intervention, 317 wait-list control). Children participated in four 60min sessions and a recap session at three months post-intervention. The broad content areas were body image, peer relationships, media awareness, healthy diet, and exercise. The activities and ex les for each session were gender specific. The recap session was an overview of the four sessions. Assessment measures were completed at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and after the recap. Boys and girls in the intervention demonstrated higher muscle esteem and vegetable intake at post-intervention, compared to children in the control condition. Boys and girls demonstrated higher body esteem, muscle esteem and fruit and vegetable intake at the recap. Boys in the intervention demonstrated less investment in masculine gender norms at post-intervention and at recap.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1991
DOI: 10.1016/0022-3999(91)90115-5
Abstract: The present study was concerned with the evaluation of a number of factors which have claimed to be associated with women's experience of the menstrual cycle. The experience was assessed by obtaining self-report measures of mood, sexual arousal and attribution about feelings among women. These factors were related to cycle phase, awareness of phase and number and severity of symptoms. The results indicated that there were no significant differences among the phase groups in strength of mood or number and severity of symptoms. There was a positive relationship between number and severity of symptoms and strength of mood. The results suggest that both culturally held attitudes towards menstruation and biological events should be considered in any explanation of a woman's experience of the menstrual cycle.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2001
Abstract: Factors related to three types of Extra Relationship Involvement (ERI) in women were explored: emotional ERI, sexual ERI, and a combination of sexual and emotional ERIs. A model, based on a decision-making model of male ERI and the additional variable of commitment, was evaluated. The research involved two studies with female participants (N = 112, N = 44) who had been involved in heterosexual relationships of at least 6-month duration. The major finding was that women engage in emotional and combined ERIs but rarely enter into solely sexual ERIs. It was demonstrated that social norms, planning, relationship satisfaction, and commitment were influential in predicting emotional and combined ERI intentions. Past ERI behavior was a strong predictor of future emotional and combined ERI behavior, but planning also added to the prediction of combined ERI behavior. Women who had engaged in emotional ERIs and combined ERIs indicated romantic affect as the main reason for their ERI behavior. Overall, it was demonstrated that women's intentions to engage in ERI were related to cognitive processes and relationship variables, and that ERI behavior, although generally habitual, was also predicted by cognitive processes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-10-2019
DOI: 10.1111/OPN.12276
Abstract: Irrespective of age, communication is a tool of expression and a key daily activity meeting the human need for social interaction and connection. The introduction of consumer-directed care (CDC) emphasises the importance of communication to provide consumers with the opportunity to exercise choice over the care they receive. As consumer-directed care progresses, it is hypothesised that the feasibility of shared decision-making and care planning in residential aged care will be largely determined by the communication opportunities afforded to the residents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore resident perceptions of the opportunities they have to communicate, including the opportunity to express their care preferences and contribute opinions about their care. A qualitative inductive design was adopted. An in idual interview format was used to gather the perspectives of 102 residents. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis to generate themes illustrating patterns in participant views. Overall, residents desired increased involvement in their care planning and increased opportunity for more meaningful communication and social opportunities. Residents described the negative impact of the communication difficulties they face on their communication and the need for support and activities to be tailored to residents' in idual communication needs. To facilitate resident participation in CDC and meet resident desire for increased social communication, further investment in resources to support resident-staff communication and accommodate residents' in idual communication needs is required. By highlighting communication as a stand-alone activity and a priority of residents, the findings of this study raise the profile of communication and demonstrate the need for explicit allocation of care time and specialist services to support resident-staff communication and social communication in residential aged care. Such support must be tailored to meet residents' in idual communication needs and be coupled with increased staff training in providing communication support. Without facilitating resident communication and increasing the opportunity to communicate, shared decision-making and care planning in residential aged care consistent with person-centred and consumer-directed models of care will be limited.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-08-2006
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2005
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.BODYIM.2016.06.003
Abstract: This systematic review examines body dissatisfaction and the influence of sociocultural messages related to body image among preschool children. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and 16 studies were included in the final analysis. Findings suggest that children under the age of 6 years old experience body dissatisfaction, however, the proportion of children who are dissatisfied varied from around 20% to 70%, depending on the method of assessment. The literature was ided on whether preschool aged girls experience more body dissatisfaction than boys. Parental influence appears to be an important factor in the development of preschool children's body dissatisfaction and attitudes. However, more research is needed to understand the influences of children's peers and the media. The need for more sensitive measures of body dissatisfaction and prevention programs for preschool children is discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2005
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2002
DOI: 10.1177/10791102009002003
Abstract: The present study was designed to develop a Body Modification Scale (BMS) to measure body change among adolescents and to modify an Excessive Exercise Scale (EES) into a shorter form for adolescents. Two hundred and twenty-one girls and 192 boys from Grades 7 to 10 completed the BMS and the EES. Factor analysis revealed three identical factors for the BMS for girls and boys: weight loss, weight gain, and muscle mass. Two identical factors for girls and boys were also revealed for the EES. Both factor structures were further validated on a separate s le of 286 adolescents (140 girls, 146 boys). The BMS and EES demon-strated excellent reliability (alpha .86) and high test-retest reliability (alpha .82) over 1 month. Good concurrent validity was also found for the weight loss factor of the BMS. These findings demonstrate the utility of these two scales for use with adolescents.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SXMR.2018.04.004
Abstract: There is limited evidence that current sexuality measures accurately reflect the experience of sexuality among older people. This review investigates whether sexuality scales that examine aspects of sexuality for heterosexual men and women in mid-life and beyond accurately reflect the experiences of these in iduals as discussed within qualitative studies. Online databases and reference lists were searched for articles from 1997 that investigated experiences of sexuality, aging, and validated sexuality scales. Articles describing scales were included if they reported on a statistically validated measurement scale that was used to measure 1 or more aspects of sexuality for heterosexual adults aged 45 years and above. Qualitative articles were included if they discussed the sexuality experiences of this population. 19 Qualitative articles and 11 sexuality scales were located. Aspects of sexuality identified in the qualitative studies were sexual thoughts and fantasies, sexual desire, sexual beliefs, sexual attitudes, sexual values, sexual behaviors and practices, sexual roles, and thoughts and/or feelings about intimacy and relationships. Aspects assessed in the sexuality scales were sexual desire, sexual beliefs, sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors and practices, sexual roles, and thoughts and/or feelings about intimacy and relationships. Gaps between how sexuality at mid-life and later life is experienced and how it is measured in existing scales were found. Existing validated measurement tools fail to provide a nuanced picture of the sexual experiences of adults in mid-life and beyond, which may impact the success of clinical interventions. This article demonstrated the need for more comprehensive sexuality measurement scales. However, it focused exclusively on the experiences of heterosexual adults aged 45 years and above. To validly evaluate the sexual expression of older people, new measurement scales are needed that assess multiple aspects of sexuality within a single scale. Macleod A, McCabe MP. How Well Do Measurement Scales Reflect the Actual Experience of Sexuality in Mid-Life and Beyond? Sex Med Rev 2019 :29-45.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2009
DOI: 10.1080/13607860902774428
Abstract: This study examined knowledge of late-life depression among staff working in residential and community aged care settings, as well as their previous training in caring for older people with depression. A s le of 320 aged care staff (mean age = 42 years) completed a survey questionnaire. Participants included direct care staff, registered nurses and Care Managers from nursing and residential homes and community aged care services. Less than half of the participating aged care staff had received any training in depression, with particularly low rates in residential care. Although aware of the importance of engaging with depressed care recipients and demonstrating moderate knowledge of the symptoms of depression, a substantial proportion of staff members saw depression as a natural consequence of bereavement, aging or relocation to aged care. Experience in aged care appears to be insufficient for staff to develop high levels of knowledge of depression. Specific training in depression is recommended for staff working in aged care settings in order to improve the detection and management of late-life depression, particularly among direct carers, who demonstrated least knowledge of this common disorder.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2008
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2001
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2013.764460
Abstract: The current study evaluated the attrition from an Internet-based treatment program for female sexual dysfunction (FSD), and determined factors that contribute to this attrition. Of the original, 26 women who were allocated to the treatment group, 12 provided post-intervention data, and of the 27 women who entered the wait list control group, 22 provided post-intervention data. Of 14 control participants who then elected to enter treatment, five provided post-intervention data. Therefore, a total of 40 women entered the FSD program and 23 dropped out. Reasons for attrition included: relationship factors, lack of motivation, and time commitment perceived to be excessive. Significant differences were found in levels of relationship satisfaction and intimacy for those who dropped out and those who completed treatment. These findings suggest that participants with high relationship satisfaction and emotional intimacy with their partner are suitable for treatments of this type.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2004
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-08-2015
Publisher: University of Nebraska Press
Date: 10-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2008
DOI: 10.1111/J.1442-2042.2008.02002.X
Abstract: This cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate whether the duration of erectile dysfunction (ED) influenced treatment seeking and satisfaction with treatment using PDE5 inhibitors. Participants were 409 men with ED who were primarily recruited over the internet via men's health web sites. Participants completed a questionnaire to assess the duration and perceived severity of ED, information and help-seeking behaviors for ED, and treatment usage and satisfaction with PDE5 inhibitor medication. The results demonstrated that men with ED of longer duration were more likely to have discussed their ED with their partner and doctor and to have sought information and treatment for their ED problem. No differences were found in reported satisfaction with ED medication usage or expected future medication use across the varying levels of ED duration, once variance attributable to age was accounted for. These results suggest that men are more likely to accept that they have ED and seek treatment for their ED with increasing duration of the condition, although these men are not more satisfied with PDE5 inhibitors as a treatment option.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2004
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2004.03.001
Abstract: In many Westernized countries, including Australia, concerns about the use of psychotropic drugs to manage the challenging behavior of in iduals with intellectual disability have resulted in the development of legislative and procedural controls. Although these constraints may limit indiscriminate use, employing medication remains a common practice. This study examined information about 873 in iduals (566 males, 307 females) who were the subjects of reports to the Intellectual Disability Review Panel in March 2000 concerning the use of chemical restraint. A high proportion of people with intellectual disability were reported to have received drugs for purposes of behavioral restraint. The range of drugs was extensive, although those from the antipsychotic class were the most frequently reported. Many in iduals concurrently received more than one type of drug or more than one drug from the same drug class. More males than females and more older than younger in iduals were administered medication. A relationship between gender and age was apparent, with younger males but older females dominating. The use of drugs to mange the behavior of people with intellectual disability may at times be warranted. However, it is important that the extent and type of drug use, as well as the characteristics of those who are medicated, be subject to ongoing scrutiny.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-1985
DOI: 10.2466/PR0.1985.56.3.707
Abstract: At the conclusion of a treatment program for obesity, the influence of age and several pretreatment measures of body proportion (weight, height, symphysis height, finger tip span, body surface area, and linearity index) on weight loss were assessed. All 42 volunteering females lost weight however, the extent of loss was uninfluenced by the above variables. Weight loss was highly correlated with changes in measures of body surface (.77) and linearity (— .92).
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/SH04015
Abstract: This paper provides a discussion of the utility of stigma theory as a conceptual framework for the interpretation and analysis of the psychological impact of contracting a sexually transmissible infection (STI). Most particularly, it focuses on those viral infections that cannot be medically cured, such as genital herpes and genital human papilloma virus. Recent research in the area of STIs suggests that the stigma associated with these conditions can hinder psychosocial and sexual adjustment post-diagnosis, and provides support for the use of stigma theory as a conceptual framework with which to analyse these experiences. This paper defines the concept of stigma and presents a theoretical overview of the process of stigmatisation. Three dimensions of stigma relevant to the experience of having a STI are then presented: the degree of concealability of the condition including the social consequences of concealing a condition the origin of the condition and the degree of peril presented by the condition. An overview of the way in which the presence of a stigmatising condition such as a STI may affect a person’s feelings of self and his/her intimate relationships is then presented. Finally, the implications of stigma theory as a conceptual framework for guiding future research in the area of personal and interpersonal reactions to STIs is discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Abstract: This study investigated the association between the severity and duration of physical disability and sexual esteem, sexual depression, sexual satisfaction, and the frequency of sexual behavior. A total of 1,196 participants completed the study. There were 748 participants (367 males, 381 females) who had a physical disability and 448 participants (171 males, 277 females) who were able-bodied. The age range of participants was 18-69 years, with a mean age of 36.39 years (SD = 10.41). The results demonstrated that people with more severe physical impairments experienced significantly lower levels of sexual esteem and sexual satisfaction and significantly higher levels of sexual depression than people who had mild impairments or who did not report having a physical impairment. The study also found that people with more severe physical disabilities engaged in mutual sexual activity significantly less frequently. Women with physical disabilities had significantly more positive feelings about their sexuality and significantly more frequent mutual sexual experiences than their male counterparts. For people with physical disabilities, the frequency of oral sex and nude cuddling were significant predictors of sexual satisfaction in men, while the frequency of deep kissing predicted sexual satisfaction in women. Furthermore, the viewing of erotica was significantly related to sexual dissatisfaction in men. Finally, it was found that people who had experienced their physical impairment for a longer period of time reported significantly more positive feelings about their sexuality. Implications of these findings are discussed and suggestions are made for future research.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-12-2008
DOI: 10.1080/13548500802017682
Abstract: There is a need to investigate the impact of different coping strategies on quality of life (QOL) of people with multiple sclerosis (MS), in order to better inform intervention programs for this population. This study evaluated the relationship between QOL and coping over a 2 year period among people with MS. Participants were 382 people with MS (144 male, 238 females) and 291 people without a neurological or other chronic illness from the general population (101 males, 190 females). People with MS experienced lower QOL than the control group in the domains of global QOL, independence, social and spiritual QOL scales, as well as the problem solving and social/emotional support coping scales. Interestingly, people with MS experienced higher psychological QOL than the general population, and higher detachment and focusing on the positive coping. Over time, people with MS demonstrated increases in their global QOL as well as in their social/emotional support coping. Women demonstrated higher levels than men of global QOL and Social/emotional support coping. The results of these findings have implications for information and intervention programs for people with MS.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.BODYIM.2011.07.001
Abstract: The present study evaluated whether the strength of relationship between contextual cues (presence of company and mood) and state body dissatisfaction varied as a function of in idual differences in key trait measures (body shame, body surveillance tendencies, internalization of appearance standards, and trait affect) which have been linked to trait body dissatisfaction. Fifty-five undergraduate women completed a questionnaire containing the trait-based measures and then carried a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) for a 7-day period. The PDA prompted participants six times daily to self-report their current mood and state body dissatisfaction. Multi-level modeling revealed that in idual differences in body shame predicted inter-in idual variability in the strength of the relationships between presence of company and state body dissatisfaction, and positive mood and state body dissatisfaction. Trait positive affect also explained variance in the positive mood state-body dissatisfaction relationship. The implications of the findings for prevention of body image disturbances are discussed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2005
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Date: 24-06-2016
Abstract: This study examines the interaction of contrastive focus-marking with nominalization in bisected contrastive focus constructions of Alto Perené, a K a Arawak language of Peru. It also investigates morphosyntactic means of contrastive focus-marking in two neighboring K a languages, Ashéninka Pichis and Ashaninka Tambo. The languages are shown to employ various focus-marking strategies. The Alto Perené polar (truth value) focus construction shows a preference for nominalizing a lexical verb. In Ashaninka Tambo, the expression of polar and modal operator focus (the latter attested in negated clauses) does not require nominalization of the lexical verb, but in clefted content and polar questions and affirmative declarative clauses, nominalization is mandatory for the purpose of argument focusing. In Ashéninka Pichis, the argument focus-marking strategies include the syntactic movement of the focus constituent to the preverbal focus position and either an elision of the subject index on the verb, or inflecting the verb for stative aspect.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2002
DOI: 10.1177/1359105302007006871
Abstract: Past research has obtained mixed findings in relation to gender differences and other factors that shape ideal body image. The current study was designed to investigate these differences further, using a digital body image program to assess body image in idually. As expected, females desired a body that was smaller than their current size, whereas males were split between wanting a smaller and larger body. The perceived messages from peers and parents were consistent with the in idual’s ideal image. Gender differences were also found with ratings of attractiveness and effectiveness. Females rated messages from peers and parents as more important than did males. For both males and females, opposite sex peers were the most important influences, and parents the least important.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-02-2008
DOI: 10.1080/07370010701836401
Abstract: Recent studies have identified high levels of depression among older people, both those in their own homes and those in residential care. With the world's population ageing, it is timely for health service providers to consider how the escalating population of depressed elderly people will be managed. Although treating general practitioners may be the health professionals most expected to detect, treat, and monitor depression among the elderly, professional carers are well placed to assist in the detection and monitoring of the disorder. This study conducted in idual interviews with 15 family members of depressed aged-care recipients to determine their perceptions of the skills and knowledge of depression of professional carers. Family members reported that carers are more likely to avoid than engage with their clients about depressive symptomatology and do not communicate their concerns with managers or general practitioners (GPs). Family members believed that, in general, professional carers were undertrained in these areas. The implications of these findings for health service planning and staff training are discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-05-2007
Abstract: This article presents findings from a recent cross-sectional study that was designed to evaluate both the impact of erectile dysfunction (ED) on the lives of Australian men, and explore whether the use of PDE5 inhibitors was able to alter this impact. The s le comprised 410 men with ED, and 242 men who did not have ED. All men were primarily recruited over the internet via men's health web sites. Participants completed a questionnaire to assess their self-esteem, masculinity, quality of life, sexual satisfaction, relationship satisfaction and usage of oral ED medication. The results demonstrated that men with ED experienced deficits on all of the psychosocial areas when compared to men without ED. Moreover, treatment with ED medication did not alleviate this deficit. Implications of these findings for the treatment of men with ED are discussed in the context of the biopsychosocial model of health and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to ED management is highlighted.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2005
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1979
DOI: 10.1007/BF02088658
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-03-2012
Abstract: The aged care industry experiences high rates of staff turnover. Staff turnover has significant implications for the quality of care provided to care recipients and the financial costs to care agencies. In this study, we applied a model of intention to quit to identify the contextual and personal factors that shape aged care staff's intention to quit. A s le of 208 aged care staff, including nurses, personal care assistants, allied health professionals, and managers completed a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed intention to quit, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, self-esteem, stressors, stress, and supervisor support. The findings largely supported the model. Specifically, job commitment, job satisfaction, and work stressors directly influenced intentions to quit, although work stressors and supervisor support demonstrated numerous indirect associations on quitting intentions. The findings suggest that aged care service providers can modify aged care workers' intentions to quit by reducing job stressors and increasing supervisor support.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2012
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2012.667879
Abstract: Exercise dependence is a condition that involves a preoccupation and involvement with training and exercise, and has serious health and performance consequences for athletes. We examined the validity of a biopsychosocial model to explain the development and maintenance of exercise dependence among elite Australian athletes. Participants were 234 elite Australian athletes recruited from institutes and academies of sport. Thirty-four percent of elite athletes were classified as having exercise dependence based on high scores on the measure of exercise dependence. These athletes had a higher body mass index, and more extreme and maladaptive exercise beliefs compared to non-dependent athletes. They also reported higher pressure from coaches and teammates, and lower social support, compared to athletes who were not exercise dependent. These results support the utility of a biopsychosocial model of exercise dependence in understanding the aetiology of exercise dependence among elite athletes. Limitations of the study and future research directions are highlighted.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-1981
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 29-09-2014
Abstract: This study was designed to increase parents’ awareness of their role in their preschool child’s body image and increase positive body image attitudes. In total, 118 parents (54 intervention, 64 control) of boys aged −3–6 years completed a two-session educational workshop. At post-test and the 3 months’ follow-up, parents in the intervention group compared to the control group reported a greater level of perceived knowledge on how they may influence their son’s body image and a greater level of body appreciation. These results indicate that educational workshops are effective in improving parents’ knowledge to improve their son’s body image.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-10-2010
DOI: 10.1038/IJIR.2010.25
Abstract: Using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for investigating female sexual function has become widespread. A score of 26.5 has been suggested as delineating 'functional' from 'dysfunctional' women. This study aimed to understand in greater detail what contributes to changes in women's FSFI scores while their partners are taking oral erectile medications for erection problems. Couples randomized to receive two erectile medications for two 3-month phases, completed questionnaires. FSFI scores were augmented by in idual interviews at baseline, 3 and 6 months, in order to better understand what the scores meant in the context of ED medication use. In all, 50% of the women scored <26.5 at baseline of these 56% recovered by 6 months. A number of 'dysfunctional' women recorded low FSFI scores solely as a result of their partner's ED. Overall, 22% were still 'dysfunctional' at 6 months, but one third of these appeared 'functional' at 3 months. A further group of women continued to record low scores despite reporting much improved sexual satisfaction. The women's interviews elaborate on their FSFI results, with five themes emerging to provide more clarity about the relative changes seen in a prospective study situation, and potentially in clinical practise contexts. The increasing use of questionnaires to determine sexual function should be supplemented with good clinical interviewing. The interview details explain how FSFI fluctuations occurred and contain clinical implications for research and practise in the area of couple's sexuality.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPSYCHORES.2014.05.010
Abstract: Multiple sclerosis is a complex neurological disease which can cause impairment in a range of aspects of an in idual's life. It often requires a degree of adjustment and peer support. The aim of the present study was to examine satisfaction with educational, psychological and peer support services of people with MS across gender, age and symptom severity. Participants completed a needs analysis questionnaire using Likert scales to determine the level of satisfaction with the support services. The questionnaire was sent to participants (n=3502) throughout Australia as paper copy with reply paid envelope, or made available to them online via email links. A total of 2805 responded and completed the questionnaire (80% response rate). Of those, 79% were female and 21% were male. The participants ranged in age from 19 to 92 years, (M=52.10 SD=11.82). In terms of psychological services, females were less satisfied with their access to relationship and family counseling. There was also a clear need for more varieties in peer support groups, times, as well as modes of communication, especially among young people and mildly affected groups. Symptom severity was associated with a greater need for almost all education and psychological support services. The findings of this study highlight current areas of unmet needs and may be used to inform the design and development of future education, psychological and social support services to ensure they are relevant and useful, as well as providing direction for future research.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2011
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2003
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-06-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2005
DOI: 10.1007/S10508-005-1801-2
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether the behavioral characteristics demonstrated by rapists clustered together into groups that were similar to the common rapist typology in the literature: anger, power exploitative, power reassurance, and sadistic. Two studies were conducted to examine the evidence for this typology. Study 1 involved the analysis of data from 130 men charged with sexual assault and Study 2 involved the analysis of court transcripts from 50 rape cases tried through the court system. The results of Study 1 revealed that there was some validity to the characteristics usually associated with each of the four types of rape, especially for the power reassurance and sadistic rapists. However, there were some unexpected outliers within both the anger and power exploitative types of rapists, which may suggest that there is more than one type of anger rapist and more than two types of power rapists. The results of Study 2 very closely replicated the results of Study 1. Future research needs to focus on the behavioral, motivational, and cognitive characteristics associated with each of the types of rapists and research them separately, so that it is possible to further evaluate the evidence for the typology identified in this study.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATURITAS.2017.03.002
Abstract: Most studies report a positive relationship between marital status and health, with findings consistent across cultures and countries. Gender effects are significant, with men demonstrating greater health benefit than women. The vast majority of the research has examined heterosexual marriages, yet there has been rapid evolution in society of cohabitation patterns, who can marry, and roles in marriage. In this review, we summarise research findings and discuss important future challenges. Broader work looking at the impact of social connectedness, loneliness and support on survival should be supported. Human relationships are crucial to our health and wellbeing - caring and support promote significantly better health outcomes.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-03-2012
Abstract: Clinical depression is highly prevalent yet underdetected and poorly managed within palliative care settings. This qualitative study explored the identification, monitoring, and management of symptoms of depression in patients receiving palliative care from 2 juxtaposed perspectives that are of care providers and care recipients' family members. Examining the barriers that restrict professional carers detecting and managing depression in their patients was a central focus of the study. Focus groups were held with 18 professional carers, including 8 holding managerial positions, across 2 palliative care services, 1 regional and 1 metropolitan, which provided both inpatient and community-based care. In idual interviews were conducted with 10 family members of patients who had received or were receiving palliative care through these services. Thematic analysis of these data identified that both professional carers and family members perceived that depression is a wide-spread concern for patients receiving palliative care however, numerous barriers were identified that affect professional carers’ ability to identify depression. These included knowledge and training deficits, low self-efficacy, prioritization of physical concerns and time constraints, patient/family characteristics, and system rocess issues. These themes (and related subthemes) are discussed in this article. Specialized training in depression is recommended for professional carers in order to improve their depression-related knowledge, detection skills, and self-efficacy. The ultimate goal of such training is to increase the rate of recognition of depression that in turn will lead to appropriate treatment for depressed patients.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-06-2013
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2001
DOI: 10.1177/1524838001002003004
Abstract: The modification of denial, defensiveness, and cognitive distortions and the enhancement of victim empathy are central components in the treatment of pedophilic sex offenders (PSOs) and are thus important factors to evaluate. This review of the literature highlights three broad problems with self-report measures of these variables. First, the psychometric properties of measures vary enormously, with some having no established validity or reliability. Second, the purpose of the measure is generally quite transparent, enabling the respondent to easily pick the socially acceptable responses. Finally, it is difficult to determine which are the best measures to use in assessing PSOs. Measures range from those designed for the general public to those designed specifically for PSOs. Also, they range from those that assess broad processes (e.g., general empathy) to those that assess offensespecific variables (e.g., victim empathy). This article argues that these issues need to be addressed to improve both the assessment of these processes among PSOs and the evaluation of treatment programs for PSOs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-2008
DOI: 10.1111/J.1743-6109.2008.00878.X
Abstract: With the advent of effective medical treatments for erectile dysfunction (ED), there has been a reduced focus in recent years on the role of relationship in the development of this disorder. This article examines the contribution of relationship factors to the success or otherwise of different treatment approaches for ED. The results of findings in the literature on the association between relationship factors and the development and maintenance of ED. Methods. This article reviews and evaluates the literature that relates to the role of relationship factors in the development and maintenance of ED. The current review demonstrates that relationship dynamics are frequently dysfunctional among men with ED. Research demonstrates that addressing these problems is likely to improve the effectiveness of therapy. However, there have been limited studies conducted in this area many of these studies are methodologically flawed, and so it is difficult to determine the effectiveness of these interventions. There needs to be further research on the association between relationship factors and ED. Suggestions for future research that include combined medical and psychological interventions for ED are proposed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-06-2011
Abstract: Clinical depression is highly prevalent yet under-detected and under-treated in palliative care settings and is associated with a number of adverse medical and psychological outcomes for patients and their family members. This article presents a study protocol to evaluate a training intervention for non-physician palliative care staff to improve the recognition of depression and provide support for depressed patients and their family members. Details of the hypotheses and expected outcomes, study design, training program development and evaluation measures are described. A randomised controlled trial will be implemented across two palliative care services to evaluate the "Training program for professional carers to recognise and manage depression in palliative care settings". Pre-, post- and three-month follow-up data will be collected to assess: the impact of the training on the knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy and perceived barriers of palliative care staff when working with depression referral rates for depression and changes to staff practices. Quantitative and qualitative methods, in the form of self-report questionnaires and interviews with staff and family members, will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. This study will determine the effectiveness of an intervention that aims to respond to the urgent need for innovative programs to target depression in the palliative care setting. The expected outcome of this study is the validation of an evidence-based training program to improve staff recognition and appropriate referrals for depression, as well as improve psychosocial support for depressed patients and their family members. Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): ACTRN12610000183088
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2004
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1002/SM2.28
Abstract: In 2009, the International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) convened a select panel of experts to develop an evidence-based set of guidelines for patients suffering from lifelong premature ejaculation (PE). That document reviewed definitions, etiology, impact on the patient and partner, assessment, and pharmacological, psychological, and combined treatments. It concluded by recognizing the continually evolving nature of clinical research and recommended a subsequent guideline review and revision every fourth year. Consistent with that recommendation, the ISSM organized a second multidisciplinary panel of experts in April 2013, which met for 2 days in Bangalore, India. This manuscript updates the previous guidelines and reports on the recommendations of the panel of experts. The aim of this study was to develop clearly worded, practical, evidenced-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of PE for family practice clinicians as well as sexual medicine experts. A comprehensive literature review was performed. This article contains the report of the second ISSM PE Guidelines Committee. It offers a new unified definition of PE and updates the previous treatment recommendations. Brief assessment procedures are delineated, and validated diagnostic and treatment questionnaires are reviewed. Finally, the best practices treatment recommendations are presented to guide clinicians, both familiar and unfamiliar with PE, in facilitating treatment of their patients. Development of guidelines is an evolutionary process that continually reviews data and incorporates the best new research. We expect that ongoing research will lead to a more complete understanding of the pathophysiology as well as new efficacious and safe treatments for this sexual dysfunction. We again recommend that these guidelines be reevaluated and updated by the ISSM in 4 years.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-07-2012
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1002/SM2.27
Abstract: The International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) Ad Hoc Committee for the Definition of Premature Ejaculation developed the first evidence-based definition for lifelong premature ejaculation (PE) in 2007 and concluded that there were insufficient published objective data at that time to develop a definition for acquired PE. The aim of this article is to review and critique the current literature and develop a contemporary, evidence-based definition for acquired PE and/or a unified definition for both lifelong and acquired PE. In April 2013, the ISSM convened a second Ad Hoc Committee for the Definition of Premature Ejaculation in Bangalore, India. The same evidence-based systematic approach to literature search, retrieval, and evaluation used by the original committee was adopted. The committee unanimously agreed that men with lifelong and acquired PE appear to share the dimensions of short ejaculatory latency, reduced or absent perceived ejaculatory control, and the presence of negative personal consequences. Men with acquired PE are older, have higher incidences of erectile dysfunction, comorbid disease, and cardiovascular risk factors, and have a longer intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) as compared with men with lifelong PE. A self-estimated or stopwatch IELT of 3 minutes was identified as a valid IELT cut-off for diagnosing acquired PE. On this basis, the committee agreed on a unified definition of both acquired and lifelong PE as a male sexual dysfunction characterized by (i) ejaculation that always or nearly always occurs prior to or within about 1 minute of vaginal penetration from the first sexual experience (lifelong PE) or a clinically significant and bothersome reduction in latency time, often to about 3 minutes or less (acquired PE) (ii) the inability to delay ejaculation on all or nearly all vaginal penetrations and (iii) negative personal consequences, such as distress, bother, frustration, and/or the avoidance of sexual intimacy. The ISSM unified definition of lifelong and acquired PE represents the first evidence-based definition for these conditions. This definition will enable researchers to design methodologically rigorous studies to improve our understanding of acquired PE.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1989
DOI: 10.1007/BF01541676
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-01-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEDT.2011.07.011
Abstract: Depression is highly prevalent in patients receiving palliative care however, detection rates are low, with many patients who suffer with depression continuing to go undetected and untreated. A number of factors unique to this setting, as well as issues relating to staff knowledge and self-efficacy working with depression, may impede the detection of patients who are depressed by professional health care staff. Although programmes aimed to train nurses and other allied health staff in depression may be an effective way to improve detection rates, there have been few studies investigating the efficacy of these interventions. This article draws upon recent literature to provide a narrative review of barriers to detection and factors relating to professional palliative care staffs' ability to provide pathways to care for patients who suffer with depression in this setting. Previously evaluated training programmes are reviewed and the argument is made that further development and empirical evaluation of depression training interventions for staff in this setting will provide services with evidence-based methods of training nurses and other professional care staff and improve the pathways to care for patients who suffer with depression.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JSM.12374
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-04-2014
DOI: 10.1111/APA.12641
Abstract: To determine which measurement of adiposity - standardised body mass index (BMI-z), waist circumference or body fat percentage - is most closely correlated with adolescents' weight perception and whether this differs by gender. Weight and height (used to calculate BMI-z), waist circumference and body fat percentage were measured in 2278 adolescents aged between 12 and 16 and compared with self-reported weight status. The distribution of subjects across the three weight categories (underweight, healthy weight and overweight) differed significantly between BMI-z, waist circumference and body fat percentage (p < 0.001). BMI-z was most closely aligned with perceived weight status in boys and girls, and waist circumference was also a good correlate of weight perception in boys. Boys were more likely than girls to underestimate their weight when it was defined by BMI-z however, girls were equally likely to underestimate their weight when it was defined by waist circumference. The majority of adolescents underestimated their weight status when it was defined by BF%. BMI-z is the closest correlate of self-perceived weight status. In the absence of internationally accepted reference values for waist circumference, BMI-z is the most appropriate measure to verify weight perception.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2007
Abstract: This article presents findings from a study that evaluated the utility of Protection Motivation Theory to explain cardiovascular health behaviors among people with schizophrenia ( n = 83) and depression ( n = 70). Results indicated that the prevalence of overweight, cigarette smoking and a sedentary lifestyle were greater among people with a mental illness compared to in iduals without a mental illness. Major predictors were high levels of fear of cardiovascular disease, lack of knowledge of correct dietary principles, lower self-efficacy, limited social support and psychiatric symptoms. Implications of these results are discussed in designing education and preventive health programs for in iduals with schizophrenia and Mental Depressive Disorder (MDD).
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1743-6109.2009.01425.X
Abstract: The lack of an adequate empirical base for models of female sexual response is a critical issue within the female sexual dysfunction (FSD) literature. AIM. The current research compared the extent to which a linear model of sexual response and Basson's circular model of female sexual response represent the sexual function of women with and without FSD. Women's levels of sexual function/dysfunction were assessed with the Female Sexual Function Index and additional items measured women's endorsement of models of female sexual function as representing their own sexual experience. An anonymous online survey assessing female sexual response and associated aetiological factors was completed by a random s le of 404 women. Although the linear model of sexual response was a good fit for women with and without sexual dysfunction, the relationship between sexual arousal and orgasm was mediated by sexual desire for women with FSD. The fit of the initial circular model of women's sexual response was poor for both groups. Following pathway modification, the modified circular model adequately represented the responses of both groups and revealed that a number of the relationships between sexual response variables were stronger for women with FSD. The linear model was a more accurate representation of sexual response for women with normal sexual function than women with FSD and sexual arousal and orgasm was mediated by sexual desire for women with FSD. The modified circular model was a more accurate representation of the sexual response of women with FSD than women with normal sexual function.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-03-2022
DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2048286
Abstract: The aim of this study was to use the ADKAR model of organizational change to gain an understanding of why a training program designed to equip staff with the skills to provide a Consumer Directed Care (CDC) model in nursing homes produced little change in the outcome variables, including resident quality of life. We collected and analyzed various forms of site-specific data including CDC implementation plans developed by staff trained in 21 facilities, and their training facilitators' records. Staff trained in the principles of CDC produced well-developed, facility-specific plans to introduce a CDC model of care, yet they faced many barriers to the implementation of these plans. These barriers were spread across multiple stages of the ADKAR model and included staff turnover (including managers), lack of engagement by management, lack of or inconsistent availability of a CDC ch ion, and disruptions to the training program. We identified several organizational factors contributing to the failure of the training program to produce anticipated changes. Without organizational commitment and full management support, attempts to implement CDC training programs are likely to fail, leading to negative consequences for residents' autonomy and control over how they are cared for.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-01-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2000
Abstract: The personality characteristics of male clients of female sex workers and their motivations for seeking the services of sex workers were examined. It was hypothesized that clients of sex workers would differ from nonclients in that they would adopt less feminine sex roles, exhibit lower social-sexual effectiveness, and show higher levels of sensation-seeking behavior. Sixty-six clients of sex workers and 60 nonclients volunteered to complete a short questionnaire to assess demographic characteristics, sex role, social-sexual effectiveness, and sensation-seeking behavior. Clients and nonclients did not differ on demographic variables such as age, education, marital status, or occupation. However, clients were significantly less feminine in sex-role orientation, scored lower in social-sexual effectiveness, and scored higher on sensation seeking. Closer analysis of the client group revealed the existence of two distinct subgroups. The first was characterized by low social-sexual effectiveness and appeared motivated to visit sex workers because of an interpersonal need for intimacy. The second was characterized by high sensation seeking and appeared motivated to visit sex workers because of a need for novelty and variety in sexual encounters.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-02-2015
DOI: 10.1111/IJPO.12011
Abstract: There is a paucity of studies evaluating targeted obesity prevention interventions in pre-school children. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a parent-based obesity prevention intervention for pre-schoolers - MEND (Mind, Exercise, Nutrition … Do It!) 2-4 on child diet, eating habits, physical activity/sedentary behaviours, and body mass index (BMI). Parent-child dyads attended 10 weekly 90-min workshops relating to nutrition, physical activity and behaviours, including guided active play and healthy snack time. Assessments were conducted at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 6 and 12 months post-intervention child intake of vegetables, fruit, beverages, processed snack foods, fussiness, satiety responsiveness, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and neophobia were assessed via parent proxy report. Parent and child height and weight were measured. Two hundred one parent-child dyads were randomized to intervention (n = 104) and control (n = 97). Baseline mean child age was 2.7 (standard deviation [SD] 0.6) years, and child BMI-for-age z-score (World Health Organization) was 0.66 (SD 0.88). We found significant positive group effects for vegetable (P = 0.01) and snack food (P = 0.03) intake, and satiety responsiveness (P = 0.047) immediately post-intervention. At 12 months follow-up, intervention children exhibited less neophobia (P = 0.03) than controls. Future research should focus on additional strategies to support parents to continue positive behaviour change. ACTRN12610000200088.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-05-2015
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2005
Abstract: This study investigated the impact of economic disadvantage among people with multiple sclerosis (MS) on their psychological well-being and quality of life. Participants were 113 people with MS (31 males, 82 females). Information was obtained on income, lost income, costs of MS, economic pressure, coping, psychological well-being and quality of life. Economic pressure, and not actual MS-related costs predicted psychological well-being. Costs, economic pressure and coping predicted quality of life. These results demonstrate that pressure due to changed economic circumstances, as well as coping with these pressures is important in the quality of life of people with MS.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-02-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10508-015-0680-4
Abstract: The present study examined the relationship between perceptions of genital appearance and self-perceived sexual attractiveness. The study s le included men and women (aged 18-45 years, M = 23.7, SD = 4.98) who identified as heterosexual (n = 1017), gay or lesbian (n = 1225), or bisexual (n = 651). Participants responded to an online survey assessing their self-perceived sexual attractiveness, genital self-image, genital self-consciousness during sexual activity, and sexual esteem. Based on previous findings, we hypothesized a positive link between genital self-perceptions and self-perceived sexual attractiveness, with sexual esteem acting as a mediator. We tested this hypothesis using structural equation modeling. Analyses revealed a significant association between both genital self-image and genital self-consciousness and self-perceived sexual attractiveness. However, these relationships were at least partially mediated by sexual esteem, across both gender and sexual orientation. The findings suggest that, regardless of gender or sexual orientation, in iduals who maintain a positive genital self-image or lack genital self-consciousness, are more likely to experience greater sexual esteem, and in turn, feel more sexually attractive. The findings have implications for the importance of genital appearance perceptions and improving in iduals' sexual esteem and self-perceived sexual attractiveness.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2007.09.005
Abstract: The prevalence of co-morbid depression in people with intellectual disability (ID) provides a strong rationale for the early identification and treatment of in iduals at risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate a staff-administered group CBT program for the treatment of depression in people with mild ID. A s le of 13 staff employed at two community-based disability agencies were trained to deliver the program to 47 in iduals with mild ID and symptoms of depression. A wait list control group comprised of 27 in iduals subsequently completed the program. Compared to the control group, in iduals who had participated in the treatment program showed lower depression scores, and fewer automatic negative thoughts. Furthermore, these changes were maintained at a 3-month follow-up. The results indicate that staff can be trained to deliver a CBT program within community settings that is effective in the reduction of depression symptomatology in people with mild ID.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.MAYOCP.2017.11.002
Abstract: The International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health process of care (POC) for management of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) algorithm was developed to provide evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of HSDD in women by health care professionals. Affecting 10% of adult females, HSDD is associated with negative emotional and psychological states and medical conditions including depression. The algorithm was developed using a modified Delphi method to reach consensus among the 17 international panelists representing multiple disciplines. The POC starts with the health care professional asking about sexual concerns, focusing on issues related to low sexual desire/interest. Diagnosis includes distinguishing between generalized acquired HSDD and other forms of low sexual interest. Biopsychosocial assessment of potentially modifiable factors facilitates initiation of treatment with education, modification of potentially modifiable factors, and, if needed, additional therapeutic intervention: sex therapy, central nervous system agents, and hormonal therapy, guided in part by menopausal status. Sex therapy includes behavior therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, and mindfulness. The only central nervous system agent currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for HSDD is flibanserin in premenopausal women use of flibanserin in postmenopausal women with HSDD is supported by data but is not FDA approved. Hormonal therapy includes off-label use of testosterone in postmenopausal women with HSDD, which is supported by data but not FDA approved. The POC incorporates monitoring the progress of therapy. In conclusion, the International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health POC for the management of women with HSDD provides a rational, evidence-based guideline for health care professionals to manage patients with appropriate assessments and in idualized treatments.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-01-2016
DOI: 10.3109/09638237.2015.1124385
Abstract: China's ageing population will lead to increased neurodegenerative illness and age-related mental health problems. The Chinese Longitudinal Ageing Study has been developed to better understand the impact of ageing on cognition and mental health. An overview of the s le, major diagnoses and results of the first wave of data collection is presented. One thousand and sixty-eight elderly Chinese (42.2% male), mean age of 72.8 years (SD = 8.5) completed a comprehensive cognitive, psychosocial and mental health assessment. Mean MMSE score was 24.73 (SD = 6.17). Primary generalised anxiety was detected in 0.4% of the s le. Sub-clinical depression and depressive disorder were diagnosed in 1.7% and 2.4% of the s le, respectively. Most (84.5%) reported subjective memory decline, however 66.5% had no cognitive impairment. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) was detected in 25%, Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 4.7%, vascular dementia in 2.5%, and mixed dementia in 1.3%. Cognition was worse in those 85+ years, but affective disorder rates were not. Higher rates of dementia were detected than previously reported in China. Normative data is presented for common cognitive and mental health assessment and screening tasks in a Chinese population. This suggests that the true incidence of dementia has been underestimated, and requires further investigation.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1994
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2002
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00290-8
Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the role of depression, anxiety, and fatigue in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) sufferers' objective and subjective cognitive performance. Twenty-three CFS sufferers and 23 healthy control participants were compared on objective and subjective assessments of cognitive performance. Depression, anxiety, and fatigue were also evaluated. CFS sufferers did not demonstrate any impairment in objective cognitive functioning compared to the control group, and objective performance was not related to their higher levels of depression or their level of fatigue. Depression scores only accounted for a small amount of the variance in CFS sufferers' lower subjective assessment of their cognitive performance compared to control participants. There were no differences between the groups on anxiety scores. The results are discussed in terms of the heterogeneity of the CFS population and the complex interaction of symptomatological factors that characterise CFS.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2002
DOI: 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00069-7
Abstract: The current study used qualitative methodology to investigate the body image concerns of people with physical disabilities. Three males and four females aged between 22 and 50 years, in Melbourne, Australia, participated in the study. Three participants were heterosexual, two were homosexual and two described their sexual identity as predominantly heterosexual but 'bicurious'. The data were gathered through in idual interviews of approximately 2 h duration, where participants responded to a set of predetermined open-ended questions. The study found that bodily impairment had a negative influence on the participants' psychological experiences, feelings and attitudes toward their own bodies. The impact of feedback from the social environment was highlighted, and there was evidence suggesting that in iduals gradually adjust to their different bodies and increasingly accept their disabilities over time.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0852(200001/02)9:1<6::AID-CAR579>3.0.CO;2-W
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-08-2013
DOI: 10.1111/BJOP.12047
Abstract: Based on attachment theory, this study developed a theory-based model of heterosexual relationship functioning that examined both proximal and distal factors and both actor and partner effects. A particular focus was on the underexplored issue of double-mediated effects between attachment orientation and relationship satisfaction. Data were collected from a community s le of 95 cohabiting and married couples with a mean age of 39.30 years. Participants completed measures of attachment, commitment, provision of partner support, trust, intimacy, destructive conflict management, and relationship satisfaction. The hypothesized model was largely supported. The association between attachment orientation and relationship satisfaction was mediated through a series of actor and partner variables. No gender differences were found across actor paths however, differences were found in partner effects for men and women. The model has important implications for relationship researchers and practitioners.
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2013.799075
Abstract: Patients with schizophrenia often receive little by way of non-pharmacological interventions. Despite this, promising outcomes in programmes targeting cognitive deficits have been reported, suggesting that this is an area worthy of further investigation. The aim of the study was to implement and evaluate a brief computerised cognitive remediation programme designed to improve memory and attention in a male Chinese s le with chronic schizophrenia. Pre-testing was completed on a number of clinical and cognitive measures for intervention (n = 14) and treatment as usual (n = 17) participants. The intervention group then completed six weeks ( x no. of sessions = 12.78) of the computer-based cognitive remediation programme. Post-test measures for both groups were then collected again. Following the six week intervention, we found, contrary to our expectations, the intervention group improved on several of the clinical variables. The intervention group also performed better than the control group on the post-test measure of attention, but not verbal memory. These findings suggest that it is feasible to improve some aspects of cognitive abilities with a simple computerised training programme for people with serious mental illness.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.COPSYC.2016.05.007
Abstract: This paper examines the association between relationship stress and sexual dysfunction. The results demonstrated a strong association between female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and relationship stress, and between male sexual dysfunction (MSD) and relationship stress among their female partners. No studies examined the association between FSD and relationship stress of male partners. Treatment for MSD was associated with improved relationship stress for female partners, but no studies were located that examined this association for treatment of FSD. These findings suggest that FSD and relationship stress are strongly related, but the association does not seem to be so strong for men. The review highlights the need for further research in this field to inform therapy for both sexual dysfunction and relationship problems.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1743-6109.2009.01618.X
Abstract: There are limited outcome data on the etiology and efficacy of psychological interventions for male and female sexual dysfunction as well as the role of innovative combined treatment paradigms. This study aimed to highlight the salient psychological and interpersonal issues contributing to sexual health and dysfunction, to offer an etiological model for understanding the evolution and maintenance of sexual symptoms, and to offer recommendations for clinical management and research. This study reviewed the current literature on the psychological and interpersonal issues contributing to male and female sexual dysfunction. This study provides expert opinion based on a comprehensive review of the medical and psychological literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate. Medical and psychological therapies for sexual dysfunctions should address the intricate biopsychosocial influences of the patient, the partner, and the couple. The biopsychosocial model provides an integrated paradigm for understanding and treating sexual dysfunction. There is need for collaboration between healthcare practitioners from different disciplines in the evaluation, treatment, and education issues surrounding sexual dysfunction. In many cases, neither psychotherapy alone nor medical intervention alone is sufficient for the lasting resolution of sexual problems. The assessment of male, female, and couples' sexual dysfunction should ideally include inquiry about predisposing, precipitating, maintaining, and contextual factors. Research is needed to identify efficacious combined and/or integrated treatments for sexual dysfunction.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 19-04-2019
Abstract: At time of diagnosis, people with dementia and their carers can access support services to help them to plan for their future care needs, but often they do not engage with these services. It is not clear why this occurs but a potential explanation explored in this paper is that disclosure of a dementia diagnosis is an overwhelming and highly stressful event that may lead to behavioural avoidance in the manner of post-traumatic stress. In this study we use a post-traumatic stress screening tool to determine whether being diagnosed with dementia shares some qualitative similarities with post-traumatic stress disorder and explore whether this is associated with a reduced likelihood to engage support services following diagnosis. We conducted a small pilot study through the local memory clinic with eight people with dementia and 11 carers returning surveys. Participants completed the Impact of Events Scale-Revised, a validated post-traumatic stress disorder screening tool, and also provided information regarding their experience of the diagnosis and subsequent use of support services. One person with dementia and two carers had scores on the Impact of Events Scale-Revised indicating a probable diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder and two people with dementia and two carers scored within the range of clinical concern. The average Impact of Events Scale-Revised score of those who had taken-up a referral to home support was significantly lower than those who had not. A dementia diagnosis can be associated with symptoms that are consistent with post-traumatic stress, which in turn may affect engagement with support services.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-03-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.GERINURSE.2021.12.003
Abstract: This study evaluated a training program to support the delivery of consumer directed care (CDC). It was hypothesized that both interventions, compared to the control condition, would demonstrate increased levels of CDC in nursing homes, increased staff practice of CDC, and improved resident QoL. The training plus support group was expected to show greater gains, compared to the training only group. In a cluster RCT design, 33 nursing homes were randomly allocated to one of three conditions: training plus support, training only, and care as usual. Outcome measures included level of CDC within each home, staff practice of CDC, and resident QoL. Hypotheses for this study were partially supported. Nursing homes became more CDC-oriented but with minimal changes in staff practice of CDC. Resident QoL also demonstrated limited change. The findings are discussed in terms of organizational barriers to change within nursing homes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-05-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S10508-013-0107-Z
Abstract: Problems of sexual desire are often cited as the most prevalent of the female sexual dysfunctions. Despite this finding, considerable variability exists when comparing prevalence figures across studies, highlighting the inconsistency in how these problems are defined and therefore measured. The current study was designed to determine how the prevalence estimates of women's sexual desire problems varied according to the diagnostic criteria adopted to define such problems. The s le consisted of 741 women from Australia, the Americas, Europe, and Asia. Participants were between 18 and 71 years of age and were involved in a heterosexual relationship spanning between 3 months and 49 years duration. Sexual desire problems were defined using a variety of criteria, including (1) meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), (2) meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for HSDD, removing the sexual thoughts/fantasy requirement, (3) self-identified "lack of sexual interest," and (4) low average ratings of sexual desire levels, as assessed using the female sexual desire questionnaire. The prevalence of sexual desire problems varied from 3.0 to 31.0% depending upon the criteria used to define such problems. It is important to reach a consensus with regard to the criteria used to define sexual desire problems, in order to standardize and compare studies investigating these problems. How women's sexual desire problems are conceptualized has implications for their treatment. Therapists may or may not need to address absent sexual thoughts/fantasies and may be working with low normative levels of desire versus subjective evaluations of low desire.
Publisher: Universidade Estadual de Campinas
Date: 20-12-2012
DOI: 10.20396/CONEX.V10I3.8637653
Abstract: O objetivo deste estudo foi conduzir uma revisão da literatura para identificar escalas utilizadas para avaliar a imagem corporal entre mulheres na meia idade, e se estas foram validadas para esta população. Conduziu-se uma busca na Scopus - 1995 e 2011 sendo incluídos 39 artigos. A escala Objectified Body Consciousness foi a única escala validada para mulheres na meia idade. Com exceção da OBC, nenhum dado foi publicado sobre a validade de escalas para avaliação da imagem corporal entre mulheres na meia idade, existindo escassez de dados relacionando essas variáveis nesta população. Para evitar erros de avaliação e interpretações errôneas dos dados considerando utilização de medidas inapropriadas, sugere-se que as escalas disponíveis sejam validadas antes de serem aplicadas nesta população.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-09-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2001
Abstract: The modification of deviant cognitions and the enhancement of victim empathy are central components in many treatment programs for sex offenders. There appear to be three broad problems with self-report measures of these factors: variations in the psychometric evaluation of measures the transparency of items and thus the likely influence of social desirability and the difficulty of determining which measures are specific to particular types of sex offenders. The aim of this study was to investigate these three issues among child molesters (CMs), and men convicted of sex offences against adults (ASOs). Data were collected from 36 CMs and 31 ASOs and from two comparison groups (33 men convicted of nonsexual offences and 40 nonoffenders from the community), to assess the reliability (internal and test-retest) and validity (discriminant, construct, and face) of measures, the influence of sexual social desirability on responding and the specificity of measures to both sex offender groups. Collectively, the results raise issues related to the assessment of sex offenders that require further investigation. They also have theoretical implications about the relationship between cognitive and emotive processes among sex offenders.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1111/J.1743-6109.2006.00401.X
Abstract: Research in the past 20 years has demonstrated that erectile dysfunction (ED) is an area of concern for men and their partners. The current study was designed to evaluate the impact of the perceived severity of ED on treatment-seeking behavior and satisfaction with treatment among men with ED. Participants completed a questionnaire to assess the above variables, as well as the duration of ED. Participants were 410 men with ED who were primarily recruited over the Internet via men's health websites. The results demonstrated that men with more severe ED compared with men with milder ED were more likely to have discussed their ED with their partner and doctor, have sought assistance for their ED problem, but they were also less satisfied with the effectiveness of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, and said they were less likely to use them in the future. Men with more severe ED were also less likely to want ED medication to last for 24 hours. Implications of these findings for the treatment of men with different levels of ED are discussed.
Publisher: American Psychological Association
DOI: 10.1037/11581-010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-05-2013
DOI: 10.1002/GPS.3976
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1002/ERV.654
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-11-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-01-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.EURURO.2014.10.024
Abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) poses many emotional and physical challenges for men following treatment. The unmet support needs of these men are well documented, and access to psychosocial support remains problematic. To assess the efficacy of an online psychological intervention for men who have localised PCa. We undertook a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the intervention. Participants were randomly allocated to one of three conditions: My Road Ahead (MRA) alone (MRA Only), MRA plus access to an online forum (MRA+Forum), and access to the forum alone (Forum). The intervention was a 10-week self-guided online psychological intervention called My Road Ahead that consisted of six themed modules designed to facilitate improved emotional well-being in the context of PCa as well as a moderated peer forum. Pre- and postintervention assessments of psychological distress (the 21-question Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale) [1] and the Prostate Cancer-related Quality of Life scale [2] were conducted. Multivariate analysis of variance, regression, and structural equation modelling were used to analyse the data. In total, 142 participants were randomly allocated to one of the three intervention arms. The mean age of participants was 61 yr of age (standard deviation: 7), and 88% had undergone radical prostatectomy. A significant improvement in psychological distress was observed for participants who had access to the combined condition (MRA+Forum) with a moderate effect size (p=0.02 partial η(2)=0.07). In particular, the decline in the mean level of psychological distress was 8.8 units larger for the MRA+Forum group than the Forum group (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9-16.7). Although the decline in the mean level of psychological distress was 7.0 units larger for the MRA+Forum group than for the MRA Only group, this difference was not significant (95% CI, 1.1-15.1). Structural equation modelling indicated that reductions in health worry and regret contributed significantly to the reductions in psychological distress for the MRA+Forum condition. This study is the first, to our knowledge, that has evaluated a self-guided online psychological intervention tailored to the specific needs of men who have PCa. The findings of this study indicate the potential for this programme to deliver support that men may not otherwise receive. This study found that men who have localised prostate cancer who received access to the online psychological intervention called My Road Ahead combined with the online peer discussion forum had significantly improved reductions in distress compared with those who received access to the online intervention alone or the forum alone.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1002/1099-0968(200008)8:4<301::AID-ERV357>3.0.CO;2-C
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 14-09-2007
DOI: 10.1017/S1041610206004224
Abstract: Background: Behavioral symptoms of dementia are common among residents in mainstream aged care settings, and have a substantial impact on residents and professional caregivers. This study evaluated the impact of in idualized psychosocial interventions for behavioral symptoms through a small preliminary study. Method: Interventions were delivered to a patient group of 31 psychogeriatric aged care residents who presented with behavioral symptoms of dementia that had failed to respond to pharmacological treatment approaches. Outcome data on severity of behaviors, health service utilization and staff burden of care were collected. Results: A modest but significant reduction in staff ratings of the severity of aggressive and verbally agitated behavioral symptoms was found, with an associated reduction in their perceptions of the burden of caring for these patients. Reduced behavioral disturbance was associated with a reduction in the requirement for primary care consultations, and all participants were able to continue to reside in mainstream aged care facilities, despite an increase in the severity of dementia. Conclusions: This study supported the use of in idualized psychological strategies for behavioral symptoms at all stages of dementia. Methodological limitations of this preliminary study are discussed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1080/13607860701366012
Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the impact of staff education on the behaviour and quality of life of residents with dementia and on staff members' attitudes about working with people with dementia and level of burnout. Staff from three aged care facilities participated in the study (n=52). These facilities were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups or a control group. Staff assigned to the intervention groups received an eight-week behaviourally-based programme. Staff from one aged care facility also participated in a peer support group designed to reinforce educational material and facilitate positive changes among staff members. Behavioural symptoms displayed by residents (n=76) in each of the facilities were also assessed. Assessments were conducted at pre-intervention, post-intervention, three- and six-month follow-up. The results of this study indicated that education or peer support was not associated with an improvement in resident behaviour or quality of life. Education or peer support also did not impact on staff members' level of burnout. There was, however, a change in staff members' attitudes about working with people with dementia. Possible explanations for these findings and implication for further research are considered.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2014.1002128
Abstract: Research on self-perceived sexual attractiveness has predominantly focused on the importance of physical appearance, overlooking nonphysical traits that may contribute to these self-perceptions. The present study examined and compared the importance of a variety of traits for self-perceived sexual attractiveness. Self-identified heterosexual, gay, and bisexual men (N = 1,801) and heterosexual, lesbian, and bisexual women (N = 1,092) completed an online questionnaire examining self-perceived sexual attractiveness, body esteem, sexual esteem, adherence to gender norms, and sexual experience. Body esteem and sexual esteem were significant predictors of self-perceived sexual attractiveness, regardless of gender and sexual orientation. Adhering to a masculine gender norm was a significant predictor among all groups (to varying extents) but heterosexual women. Adhering to a feminine gender norm was a significant predictor among heterosexual men and bisexual women. Finally, sexual experience was a significant predictor for all men and bisexual women. Furthermore, while body esteem was a predictor across all groups, for most in iduals it did not appear to be of primary importance, with either sexual esteem or masculinity proving to be of greater importance. These findings suggest the need to consider traits related to both physical and nonphysical factors for improving an in idual's self-perceived sexual attractiveness.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 1992
Publisher: Men's Studies Press, LLC
Date: 09-2011
DOI: 10.3149/FTH.0903.252
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2007
DOI: 10.1080/13607860601086405
Abstract: This paper reviewed studies on staff training programs to address the behavioral problems associated with dementia among older people in residential care. The papers were classified according to whether or not the studies included a control group in the research design. The results of the review demonstrate that there has been a wide range of psychosocial and educational interventions to reduce behavioral problems among older people with dementia, with inconsistent results being obtained. However, many of these studies suffer from problems in their research design that make it difficult to evaluate their effectiveness. Problems in conducting research in the nursing home setting are highlighted, and suggestions for future research in this area are discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.BODYIM.2005.03.002
Abstract: Society provides messages about how people should ideally look and previous research has indicated these messages, both the actual messages provided and the perception of the message, influence body image. Research into male body image has shown males are concerned with having a lean and muscular body and as such, may want to decrease fat and increase their muscles. This paper explored the influence of a range of messages from parents, peers, and the media on a number of different measures of 362 adolescent boys' body image and body change strategies. Specifically, messages about shape, food, exercise, losing weight and increasing muscles were explored in relation to satisfaction with weight and muscles, and the use of strategies to decrease weight and increase muscles. The findings indicated that parental messages were the strongest influence on body image and that parents, the media, and to a lesser extent messages from male friends were the strongest predictors of body change strategies.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2001
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-07-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S10880-009-9168-5
Abstract: The current study was designed to investigate differences in mood and a range of QOL domains among 423 patients and 335 caregivers of people with motor neurone disease (MND), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients and caregivers completed an anonymous questionnaire that evaluated their mood (anxiety, depression, fatigue, confusion) and QOL (physical, psychological, social, environment). The results demonstrated that caregivers of people with MND and HD experienced most problems with their mood and QOL compared to caregivers of people in the other illness groups. There were few differences in mood or QOL between patients and caregivers. Patients generally showed greater confusion, physical impairment, and psychological maladjustment. The findings suggest that educational and intervention programs need to be developed to help both patients and their caregivers to adjust and cope with these illnesses, particularly caregivers of people with MND and HD.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-07-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-02-2010
Publisher: SLACK, Inc.
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20140701-01
Abstract: Using data from a larger study investigating the effectiveness of a structured clinical protocol to manage in iduals in residential facilities who experience behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), the current study investigated whether external clinical support in using the protocol with specific residents increased compliance in its use, over and above only providing a generic workshop about the protocol and management of BPSD. Results indicated that provision of the workshop, in addition to clinical support, was associated with significantly higher compliance. However, compliance was only found to be related to positive outcomes when staff received the generic workshop and not clinical support. When clinical support was provided, compliance was not related to outcomes or worse outcomes. These findings, when considered in the context of the results of the larger trial, suggest that the relationship among clinical support, compliance with BPSD protocols, and clinical outcomes for residents and staff is complex and needs further investigation. [ Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 41 (2), 44–52.]
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2002
DOI: 10.1080/00224490209552154
Abstract: This study was concerned with how the sexuality and relationships of people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are different from those of people from the general population. Three-hundred eighty-one respondents (144 males, 237 females) with MS and 291 respondents (101 males, 190 females) from the general population participated in the study. Sexual satisfaction, sexual dysfunction, relationship satisfaction, and coping style were assessed among all respondents. Information was also obtained from people with MS regarding age of onset and diagnosis of symptoms, as well as severity of symptoms. Overall, males with MS experienced a higher frequency of sexual dysfunction than males from the general population, while females with MS only differed from females from the general population in their levels of masturbation and numbness of the genital area. Coping strategies and levels of cognitive functioning were important predictors of sexual satisfaction, sexual dysfunction, and relationship satisfaction for women with MS, but there were fewer coping or health-related factors that predicted these variables among men with MS. The results of this study are discussed in terms of factors related to sexual satisfaction and positive interpersonal relationships. There is a need to conduct further research in this area so that professionals working with people with MS are informed on strategies to improve the sexuality and relationships of their clients lives.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-09-2010
Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Date: 2002
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1992
DOI: 10.1007/BF01542717
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1743-6109.2010.01824.X
Abstract: The Manichean diagnosis, psychogenic or organic, is the first and most frequent diagnostic scope managing sexual disorders. The aim of this Controversy is to discuss if this philosophy is still useful both in the conceptual and clinical perspective. Five scientists (an endocrinologist, two psychologist, and two urologists) with expertise in the area of psychosexology and sexual medicine were asked to contribute with their opinions. Expert opinion supported by the critical review of the currently available literature. Expert # 1, who is Controversy's section Editor, suggests that the term psychogenic is redundant, because all sexual dysfunctions involve the mind and the relationship with (at least) one partner. Furthermore, he is strongly against the exclusion diagnosis, in agreement with the Expert # 5. The idea that the psychogenic etiology is always present is also sustained with good arguments by the Expert # 2. On the other hand, the two Experts # 3 and 4 argue that a pharmacological treatment such as type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitors or dapoxetine work in both organic and psychogenic conditions and that the attempt to perform a diagnostic effort is frequently useless. Last but not least, the Expert # 5 concludes that the mind-body dualism is to be considered obsolete and unhelpful in a modern approach to the patient with a sexual dysfunction. The reader of the Journal will judge if there is still a room for the Manichean diagnosis of different sexual dysfunctions or if it is time to completely change our perspective on this essential aspect of clinical sexual medicine.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-11-2017
DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2017.1380102
Abstract: The onset and progression of dementia can have a profound effect on the couple dyad. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the literature investigating the impact of dementia on the relationships, intimacy, and sexuality in older couples. A systematic literature search was conducted in May 2016 for relevant research articles. Five databases were searched: Web of Science, PsycINFO, MedLine, Scopus and CINAHL. The reference lists of articles included in the review were screened along with the reference list of other relevant reviews. Thirteen studies were identified that investigated relationships, intimacy, and sexuality from the perspective of the partner, the person with dementia or from the perspective of the couple jointly. The analysis revealed several themes including changes in responsibilities and roles, identity and self-esteem, affection, commitment, reciprocity, and sexual activity and satisfaction. The results strongly suggest dementia has a significant impact on the couple relationship. There is a dearth of research involving the perspective of the person with dementia or the couple jointly. Future research should investigate the impact of dementia on relationships, intimacy, and sexuality from the perspective of partners, the person with dementia, and the couple jointly to ensure the development of appropriate information and services that meet the needs of both people in the couple relationship. Clinicians should work closely with couples to develop tailored information and supports to assist couples in managing the multiple changes that occur in their relationship, intimacy, and sexuality due to dementia.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-02-2003
DOI: 10.1002/ERV.500
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSXM.2015.12.019
Abstract: Definitions of sexual dysfunctions in women and men are critical in facilitating research and enabling clinicians to communicate accurately. To present the new set of definitions of all forms of sexual dysfunction in women and men adopted by the Fourth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM) held in 2015. Classification systems, including the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and systems that focus on only specific types of sexual dysfunctions (e.g., the International Society for Sexual Medicine definition for premature ejaculation) were reviewed. Evidence-based definitions were retained, gaps in definitions were identified, and outdated definitions were updated or discarded. Where evidence was insufficient or absent, expert opinion was used. Some definitions were self-evident and termed clinical principles. The evidence to support the various classification systems was carefully evaluated. A more comprehensive analysis of this evidence can be found in two other articles in this journal that consider the incidence and prevalence and the risk factors for sexual dysfunction in men and women. These data were used to shape the definitions for sexual dysfunction that have been recommended by the 2015 ICSM. The definitions that have been adopted are those that are most strongly supported by the literature at this time or are considered clinical principles or consensus of experts' opinions. As more research and clinical studies are conducted, there likely will be modifications of at least some definitions.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-09-2009
DOI: 10.1080/00926230903065963
Abstract: The current study evaluated the dropout rate from an internet-based treatment program for erectile dysfunction (ED), and determined reasons for attrition from this program. Only 12 of 40 treatment group men and 19 of 20 control group men completed the post-test measures. Reasons for the men being excluded or dropping out of the study are discussed. These reasons included medical conditions that contributed to their ED, the man's partner not being interested in participating in the program, a lack of motivation from the man, or the time commitment being too demanding.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2004
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-10-2011
Publisher: American Psychological Association
DOI: 10.1037/11860-004
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSXM.2015.12.015
Abstract: This article presents a review of previous research concerning risk factors for sexual dysfunction in women and men. The aim is to evaluate past research studies to determine the contribution of all risk factors to the development and maintenance of sexual dysfunction among women and men. Studies were organized under a biopsychosocial framework, with the bulk of studies of women and men having investigated the role of biological factors. The outcome measures were the data on factors for sexual dysfunction. Many more studies investigated risk factors for sexual dysfunction in men than in women. For women and men, diabetes, heart disease, urinary tract disorders, and chronic illness were significant risk factors for sexual dysfunction. Depression and anxiety and the medications used to treat these disorders also were risk factors for sexual dysfunction in women and men. In addition, substance abuse was associated with sexual dysfunction. Many other social and cultural factors were related to sexual dysfunction in women and men. Psychosocial factors are clearly risk factors for sexual dysfunction. Women and men with sexual dysfunction should be offered psychosocial evaluation and treatment, if available, in addition to medical evaluation and treatment. The impact of social and cultural factors on sexual function requires substantially more research. The evidence that erectile dysfunction is a harbinger of other forms of cardiovascular disease is strong enough to recommend that clinical evaluation for occult cardiovascular disease should be undertaken in men who do not have known cardiovascular disease but who develop organic erectile dysfunction, especially in men younger than 70 years.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-07-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2016.10.034
Abstract: This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire when it was applied to a s le of 443 outpatients in China. Included in the s le were 88 adolescents diagnosed with depression, 96 with schizophrenia, 98 with generalized anxiety, 70 with OCD, and 91 with ADHD. Each patient and one of their parents completed the SDQ at intake. Confirmatory Factor Analyses provided limited support for the proposed five factor structure of the scale over other models. Internal reliabilities of the subscales for both self and parent report were weak, and inter-rater agreement between self- and parent-report was moderate. The specificity and sensitivity for the Total Difficulties scores were weak. Overall, these findings suggest that the use of the SDQ in clinical s les in China may be limited.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-04-2023
DOI: 10.1002/IJOP.12225
Abstract: Limited research exists on the implications of feeling sexually attractive for various aspects of sexuality and sexual relationships. This article examined associations between self-perceived sexual attractiveness and sexual esteem, sexual satisfaction and amount of sexual experience, among both men and women who identified as heterosexual (n = 1017), gay or lesbian (n = 1225) or bisexual (n = 651). Results of the study demonstrated that positive self-perceptions of sexual attractiveness predicted greater sexual esteem, greater sexual satisfaction, a higher frequency of sexual activity with others and a larger number of sexual partners among both men and women who identified as heterosexual, gay, lesbian or bisexual. The findings suggest that feeling sexually attractive may have implications for how an in idual experiences their sexuality and sexual relationships regardless of their gender or sexual orientation. The importance of considering an in idual's self-perceptions of sexual attractiveness when they present with concerns related to their sexual experiences or relationships, and the potential benefits of educational and therapeutic interventions designed to enhance self-perceptions of sexual attractiveness are discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-03-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2003
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-1983
DOI: 10.1207/S15327752JPA4705_6
Abstract: The Secord Homonym Test was used to elicit unconscious concerns about the body in one normal and two obese s les. The first s le of nonobese subjects was used to gather baseline data and also to examine the discriminant validity of the test as a measure of unconscious rather than conscious body concern. In a second s le of obese subjects a significantly greater concern with the body was observed. A third s le of obese subjects was tested before and after weight reduction counseling. Initial measures showed them to have similar levels of concern to the second s le however, following treatment the levels matched those of the nonobese subjects.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-10-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2007
Publisher: SLACK, Inc.
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20160928-01
Abstract: The current study aimed to profile behaviors associated with dementia that pose management difficulties for staff and determine whether existing rating scales capture these reported behaviors. Staff in 17 nursing homes described the behavioral symptoms of 229 residents with predominantly moderate-severe dementia associated with management difficulties. Behaviors were categorized by an expert clinical panel and compared to items in four dementia behavior rating scales. Staff reported 59 discrete behavioral symptoms, with physically agitated, aggressive verbal, non-aggressive verbal, and aggressive physical behaviors most common, followed by resistance to care and inappropriate social and sexual behaviors. Results suggested that some scales omit important behaviors reported by staff for residents with particularly challenging behaviors. The current study highlights the clinical complexity faced by nursing home staff in managing residents with behavioral symptoms of dementia. [ Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43 (1), 34–43.]
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-02-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.BODYIM.2019.10.001
Abstract: Research has demonstrated that eating disorders (ED) and higher weight have lifetime co-occurrence suggesting that they may be best considered within a common etiological model. Although we know that body dissatisfaction is likely to be a risk factor for both outcomes, other proposed risk and protective factors for each condition have not been adequately explored. The current paper tests a conceptual model that is based on a review of the existing literature from both areas of scholarship. It considers biological, sociocultural, psychological, and behavioral factors that may contribute to both outcomes. The model will be tested in a longitudinal design with an initial s le of 600 emerging adults (aged 18-30) per country in nine different countries (total s le = 5400 participants). Questionnaires will be completed online on two occasions, 12 months apart. The first full phase of the study commenced in July 2018, the same time Body Image was approached to publish this protocol paper (the final revised paper was submitted in September 2019), and data collection will be finalized in December 2019. Multi-group path analysis will identify the biopsychosocial predictors - both cross-sectionally and longitudinally - of both ED and higher weight, and how these vary across countries and gender.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-1997
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 28-02-2012
Abstract: The authors used a discrete choice conjoint design to examine the relative contributions of previously identified contextual factors (clothing, looks, company, and comments) for eliciting instances of appearance-related self-consciousness in a s le of 250 female undergraduates. The findings revealed that in iduals differed in their relative weighting of each of the four contextual factors. Latent class analysis identified two distinct response profiles: one group reported appearance-related commentary as most likely to trigger an instance of appearance self-consciousness, whereas a second group prioritized self-perceived level of attractiveness as most likely to prompt self-consciousness. On average, the looks-prioritizing group that had higher body mass index were more dissatisfied with their appearance, and felt greater social pressure to conform to appearance-related standards. The use of a discrete choice conjoint design also allowed the authors to investigate the interplay between situational- and trait-based variables in the elicitation of appearance self-consciousness. Their findings suggest that the negative effects of appearance comments and/or perceived unattractiveness on appearance self-consciousness may be offset by access to a friendship network. Furthermore, the finding that in iduals differed in their responses to various contextual influences on appearance-related consciousness suggests that a one-size-fits-all model of the relationship between environment and appearance self-consciousness may underestimate the complexity of this relationship. The authors discuss the treatment implications of these findings, as well as the need for further research to ensure that other, relevant contextual factors have not been neglected.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-08-2009
Abstract: Objectives: Previous research has examined costs associated with progressive neurological illnesses, but has not examined predictors of economic pressure, or quality of life (QOL). The aim of the current study was to examine the predictors of both economic pressure and QOL among people with a range of progressive neurological illness. Method: Participants were 257 people with motor neurone disease, Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s. Results: High levels of cut backs in spending predicted economic pressure for all groups. Economic pressure predicted QOL at 12-month follow-up for all groups except Parkinson’s. For Parkinson’s, predictors of QOL were long duration of illness, illness-related expenses and cut backs in spending. Cut backs in spending, and not income or expenses, were the most important predictor of economic pressure. QOL was predicted by high levels of economic pressure for most of the illness groups. Discussion: The implications of these findings are discussed. They suggest that cut backs in spending, as opposed to income and expenses, are important factors to focus on assisting people to adjust to the changes to their financial situation that frequently occurs after developing one of these progressive neurological illnesses.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-09-2016
DOI: 10.1002/PON.4244
Abstract: Prostate cancer treatment often results in significant psycho-sexual challenges for men following treatment however, many men report difficulty in accessing appropriate care. A randomized controlled trial was undertaken to assess the efficacy of a 10-week self-guided online psychological intervention called My Road Ahead (MRA) for men with localized prostate cancer in improving sexual satisfaction. Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 conditions MRA alone or MRA plus online forum, or forum access alone. Pre, post, and follow-up assessments of overall sexual satisfaction were conducted. Mixed models and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. One hundred forty-two men (mean age 61 y SD = 7) participated. The majority of participants had undergone radical prostatectomy (88%) and all men had received treatment for localized prostate cancer. Significant differences were obtained for the 3 groups (P = .026) and a significant improvement in total sexual satisfaction was observed only for participants who were allocated to MRA + forum with a large effect size (P = .004, partial η This study is the first, to our knowledge, that has evaluated a self-guided online psychological intervention tailored to the specific needs of men with prostate cancer. The findings indicate the potential for MRA to deliver support that men may not otherwise receive and also highlight the importance of psychological intervention to facilitate improved sexual outcomes.
Publisher: Portico
Date: 08-2000
DOI: 10.1037/002259
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2003
DOI: 10.1097/00002093-200310000-00005
Abstract: To compare behavioral and cognitive testing in the clinical diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). A clinically defined cohort of FTD (n = 52) is compared with 52 Alzheimer disease (AD) patients on a Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI) and cognitive tests (e.g., Mini-Mental State Examination, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale, Western Aphasia Battery, Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Wechsler Memory Scale). Fourteen patients with FTD had autopsy confirmation, and their tests are also compared with the rest of the FTD population. The FTD and AD groups were matched in sex, duration, and severity of dementia. The total scores on the FBI showed the largest difference. Mini-Mental State Examination and Mattis Dementia Rating Scale total scores did not discriminate between the two groups. Memory subscores were lower in the AD group, and conceptualization and language-related scores were worse in the FTD group. Milder and earlier affected patients, who could carry on a large battery of neuropsychological tests, were much better distinguished by the FBI scores on discriminant function analysis. In contrast to 78% by the cognitive tests, 98% of the FTD and AD patients were differentiated by the FBI. Although memory scores were lower in AD and language scores in the FTD population, many of the cognitive tests do not distinguish between FTD and AD. On the other hand, a behavioral inventory is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of FTD. Postmortem validation was carried out in a sizeable subset of the population, showing similar behavioral and cognitive data.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPSYCHORES.2005.04.010
Abstract: This study was designed to determine the impact of an exacerbation in the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) on the mood and self-esteem of persons with MS over an 18-month period. Participants were 243 (80 males and 163 females) persons with MS and 184 (56 males and 128 female) persons from the general population. Information was obtained about coping styles, mood, and self-esteem among all respondents at Time 1, Time 2 (6 months later), and Time 3 (18 months later). The results demonstrated that both groups of persons with MS experienced poorer mood levels than the general population, with the exacerbation group showing the highest levels of anxiety and confusion. Coping strategies did not predict mood in either of the MS groups. The findings of this study demonstrate that persons with MS experience significant problems with their mood states. However, respondents need to be tracked over a longer period to further explore the role of coping strategies in the adjustment of persons with MS.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1989
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1999
DOI: 10.1016/S0891-4222(99)00007-4
Abstract: This study reports on the development and assessment of the psychometric properties of three measures to assess sexual knowledge, experience, feelings, and needs. The first was designed to assess the Sexual Knowledge, Experience, Feelings, and Needs of people with mild intellectual disabilities (SexKen-ID). The two parallel measures were designed to assess the same areas of sexuality among people with physical disabilities (SexKen-PD) and among the general population (SexKen-GP). The areas of sexuality included in the scales were Friendship, Dating and Intimacy, Marriage, Body Part Identification, Sex and Sex Education, Menstruation, Sexual Interaction, Contraception, Pregnancy, Abortion and Child-birth, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Masturbation, and Homosexuality. Generation of the items in these scales is described in Studies 1-3. Study 4 describes the evaluation of the psychometric properties of the scales. Sixty-six people with intellectual disabilities, 54 people with physical disabilities, and 100 people from the general population completed the scales. Test-retest reliabilities were also calculated with 30 people with intellectual disabilities, 30 people with physical disabilities, and 30 people from the general population. These data demonstrate the good psychometric properties of the scales and so their simitability for assessing the sexual knowledge, experience, feelings, and needs of people with disability.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-11-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.ESXM.2019.10.001
Abstract: There is currently limited research that examines the meaning of sexuality at midlife and later life. This study investigates how heterosexual men and women in mid- and later life perceive their sexuality and the factors that influence it. Group concept mapping was used to produce a conceptual map of the experience of sexuality for heterosexual adults ages 45 years and above. Group concept mapping data were collected using 6 open-ended survey questions that asked about sexuality, intimacy, and desire. Thematic analysis was used to examine how participants perceived their sexuality to have changed as they aged. Thematic analysis data were collected using a single open-ended survey question. Statements generated from 6 of the open-ended survey questions were rated by participants using a 5-point Likert scale for how important participants felt that each statement was to themselves personally. Participants responses to the seventh open-ended survey question were examined using thematic analysis to understand whether participants felt that their sexual experiences had changed over time and, if so, how they had changed. Eight themes were identified across the different phases of group concept mapping. These were, in order of importance, partner compatibility, intimacy and pleasure, determinants of sexual desire, sexual expression, determinants of sexual expression, barriers to intimacy, sexual urges, and barriers to sexual expression. Seven areas of change were identified in terms of perceived changes to sexuality with age. These included changes to perspective, relationship dynamics, environment, behavior, body/function, sexual interest/desire, and sexual enjoyment. The results highlight the prioritization of interrelationship dynamics in mid- and later life sexuality over sexual functioning and sexual urges. These findings may facilitate the development of new perspectives on how sexuality is experienced in the later years and provide new avenues for intervention in situations where sexual problems arise.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-2005
DOI: 10.1111/J.1743-6109.2005.00145.X
Abstract: There are limited outcome data on the efficacy of psychological interventions for male and female sexual dysfunction and the role of innovative combined treatment paradigms. To highlight the salient psychological and interpersonal issues contributing to sexual health and dysfunction to offer a four-tiered paradigm for understanding the evolution and maintenance of sexual symptoms and to offer recommendations for clinical management and research. An International Consultation assembled over 200 multidisciplinary experts from 60 countries into 17 committees. The recommendations of committee members represent state-of-the-art knowledge and opinions of experts from five continents were developed in a process over a 2-year period. Concerning the Psychological and Interpersonal Committee of Sexual Function and Dysfunction, there were nine experts from five countries. Expert opinion was based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate. Medical and psychological therapies for sexual dysfunctions should address the intricate biopsychosocial influences of the patient, the partner, and the couple. The biopsychosocial model provides a compelling reason for skepticism that any single intervention (i.e., a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, supraphysiological doses of a hormone, processing of childhood victimization, marital therapy, pharmacotherapy of depression, etc.) will be sufficient for most patients or couples experiencing sexual dysfunction. There is need for collaboration between healthcare practitioners from different disciplines in evaluation, treatment, and education issues surrounding sexual dysfunction. In many cases, neither psychotherapy alone nor medical intervention alone is sufficient for the lasting resolution of sexual problems. Assessment of male, female, and couples' sexual dysfunction should ideally include inquiry about: predisposing, precipitating, maintaining, and contextual factors. Treatment of lifelong and/or chronic dysfunction will be different from acquired or recent dysfunction. Research is needed to identify efficacious combined and/or integrated treatments for sexual dysfunction.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 20-09-2017
DOI: 10.1017/S1041610217001806
Abstract: The impact of dementia on relationships, intimacy, and sexuality has been documented in later life couples. However, little is known about the experiences of couples living with younger-onset dementia. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the literature describing the impact of younger-onset dementia on relationships, intimacy, and sexuality in midlife couples. A systematic literature search was conducted in July 2016 for relevant research papers. Five databases were searched: Web of Science, PsycINFO, MedLine, Scopus, and CINAHL. A quality appraisal checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Eleven studies were identified that explored relationships, intimacy, and sexuality from the perspective of the spouse, the person with dementia or both members of the dyad. Several themes were identified including shifts in roles and responsibilities, declines in relationship quality, changes in identity, and self-esteem, increasing social isolation and loneliness, shifts in intimacy, and changes in sexual activity. Many of the reviewed studies were subject to a range of methodological issues including small s le sizes, small number of studies, and a reliance on the perspective of only one member of the dyad. Future research should follow couples longitudinally to gain a clearer picture of the impact of younger-onset dementia on the couple relationship over time. The inclusion of people living with younger-onset dementia in research will assist in developing a deeper understanding of the experiences of the in idual and dyad.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-02-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-09-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADOLESCENCE.2015.08.009
Abstract: This study examined, within the context of the Contingencies of Self‐Worth model, state‐based associations between self‐esteem and body satisfaction using the experience s ling method. One hundred and forty‐four adolescent girls (mean age = 14.28 years) completed up to 6 assessments per day for one week using Palm Digital Assistants, in addition to baseline measures of trait body satisfaction and self‐esteem. Results showed considerable variation in both state‐based constructs within days, and evidence of effects of body satisfaction on self‐esteem, but not vice versa. Although these state‐based associations were small in size and weakened as the time lag between assessments increased for the s le as a whole, in idual differences in the magnitude of these effects were observed and predicted by trait self‐esteem and body satisfaction. Collectively, these findings offer support for key tenets of the Contingencies of Self‐Worth model.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1983
DOI: 10.1007/BF01542214
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-07-2016
Abstract: Objective: To validate the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) in earlier and later older-adulthood, and examine its correlates. Method: Participants in earlier ( n = 341, M age = 68.5) and later older-adulthood ( n = 341, M age = 78.6) completed the MLQ and other measures. Confirmatory multigroup analysis, correlations, and regression models were conducted. Results: A two-factor (presence and search), eight-item model of the MLQ had a good fit and was age-invariant. Presence and search for meaning were largely unrelated. Meaning was associated with life satisfaction, well-being across a range of domains, and psychological resources. Searching for meaning correlated negatively with these variables, but to a lesser degree in later older-adulthood. Discussion: The MLQ is valid in older-adulthood. Meaning in life is psychologically adaptive in older-adulthood. Searching for meaning appears less important, especially in later older-adulthood. Findings are discussed in the context of aging and psychosocial development.
Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
Date: 2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1995
DOI: 10.5172/JFS.1.1.58
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 15-11-2022
Abstract: Polarization-sensitive infrared photodetectors are widely needed to distinguish an object from its surrounding environment. Polarization-sensitive detection can be realized by using semiconductors with anisotropic geometry or anisotropic crystal arrangement, such as semiconductor nanowires and two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, these photodetectors show drawbacks in low light absorption, weak polarization sensitivity and stability issues. Here, we designed 2D InAs nanosheet based arrays that are highly suitable for polarization-sensitive infrared photodetection. By using the finite element method (FEM) based on COMSOL Multiphysics, we optimized the geometry of single free-standing InAs nanosheets, obtaining dichroic ratio up to 127 (average) in the wavelength range of 2–3 μ m by reducing the thickness and increasing the height. Extending this to a nanosheet array with an optimized geometry, an enhancement of the absorption intensity from 45% (for a single nanosheet) to over 67% with a dichroic ratio exceeding 50 in the wavelength range of 2–3 μ m can be achieved. Moreover, these unique light absorption properties are tolerant to incident angles up to 30°. The design of such nanosheet array provides a new route for the development of high-performance infrared photodetectors for polarization photodetection.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1743-6109.2009.01457.X
Abstract: Erectile dysfunction (ED) may be regarded as a shared sexual concern with a significant negative impact on both patients and their partners. The current research sought to explore the degree of concordance or ergence of couple members' perceptions of the specific functional impairments characterizing the man's ED, and the concordance or discordance of their attitudes, beliefs and experiences about the male partner's erectile difficulty. Questionnaires were sent to partners of men who participated in the Men's Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (MALES) 2004 study, who consented to their partner's involvement. A modified version of the questionnaire used in the MALES study was employed, adapted to reflect the female partner's perspective. Questionnaire responses were analyzed in relation to responses provided by male study participants. A 65-item questionnaire assessing women's perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes regarding aspects of ED. High levels of concordance between couple members were observed across almost all items. Women's perceptions of both the specific functional impairments characterizing their partner's ED and the frequency of the partner's erection difficulty were strongly associated with assessments the men themselves had made. Significant associations were also observed between couple members' responses relating to their beliefs about the causes of ED, effects of ED on the relationship, communication about ED, finding a solution to ED, and attitudes toward medication. A number of specific male-female discordant perceptions and attitudes were also identified. Findings of this study demonstrate a high degree of concordance in couple members' perceptions of the male partner's ED, and in their attitudes and beliefs about ED. Specific instances of discordance between couple members may contribute to treatment avoidance or couple conflict.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2006
DOI: 10.1260/174795406779367792
Abstract: Exercise dependence (EXD) is a psychological condition associated with physical, emotional, social and performance consequences. Despite growing awareness of the prevalence of EXD within the athletic population, the symptoms or dimensions that comprise the condition largely remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the perceptions of coaches relating to the symptoms or dimensions that define EXD among athletes. Participants were 90 coaches of elite athletes employed by the Australian Institute of Sport and State Institutes of Sport in Australia. Coaches completed an EXD checklist and a separate checklist of characteristics of committed exercisers. Both checklists contained 31 dimensions. The results supported a constellation of cognitive, emotional, behavioral, physical, social and performance dimensions. The results are discussed in terms of the consequences of EXD for elite athletes Implications for coaches and teammates of elite athletes who experience EXD are also highlighted.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1037/PAS0000271
Abstract: The establishment of normative data and screening cut-points for cognitive tasks is important to ensure the effective and timely detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These need to be culturally relevant and account for known factors that impact on cognition such as age, education, and gender. In this study, 1,068 elderly Chinese residents of Shanghai completed a comprehensive series of cognitive tasks as part of a community screening study with 1027 meeting criteria for analysis, age M(SD) = 72.54 (8.40). MCI was detected in 267 in iduals, AD in 50, and 710 had normal cognition. Receiver Operator Characteristic curve analysis indicated that the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) best differentiated normal cognition from MCI and AD. We present suggested cut-points to differentiate between normal cognition and MCI and AD for the total s le, and when split according to education levels, age, and gender. Trends suggest that the MoCA was better suited to detecting MCI, and the MMSE was better for detecting AD. For younger and more educated participants, only a slight impairment was necessary to meet screening criteria, while a larger impairment was necessary for older and less educated participants. Both tasks had a high negative predictive values for MCI and AD, and variable positive predictive values. The cut-points presented can be used to inform future work using the MMSE and MoCA to screen for MCI and AD in older Chinese people. (PsycINFO Database Record
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2001
DOI: 10.1177/088626001016005006
Abstract: The study assessed gender differences in emotional responses to violent film. Both subjective emotional response and eye blink startle magnitude were assessed while 20 men and 20 women viewed a series of five violent film segments and five nature scenes. Participants exhibited higher levels of curiosity, anxiety, disgust, and anger, and lower levels of positive emotion and boredom in response to the violent film segments in comparison with the nature material. Startle response was magnified during the violent film segments, indicating an aversive response. Evidence that men and women responded to the violence differently was demonstrated by men' experiencing greater positive feelings, entertainment, and curiosity in relation to the violent film, whereas women reported more disgust, boredom, anger, and experienced greater startle in relation to the violent scenes portrayed in the film. Future directions for investigating filmed violence are outlined.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1992
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ARCHGER.2016.05.006
Abstract: To date, no research has investigated how the organizational climate of aged care influences the self-efficacy of staff in caring for residents with dementia, or, how self-efficacy is associated with the strain experienced by staff. This study sought to investigate the extent to which the self-efficacy of aged care staff mediates the association between organizational climate variables (such as autonomy, trusting and supportive workplace relations, and the recognition of competence and ability, and perceptions of workplace pressure) and staff strain. A cross-sectional survey design was implemented in which 255 residential aged care staff recruited across aged care facilities in Melbourne, Australia. Staff completed self-report measures of organizational climate, self-efficacy, and strains in caring for residents with dementia. Indirect effects analyses using bootstrapping indicated that self-efficacy of staff mediated the association between the organizational climate variables of autonomy, trust, support, pressure, and staff strain. The findings of this study emphasize that the aged care sector needs to target organizational climate variables that enhance the self-efficacy of staff, and that this in turn, can help ameliorate the strain experienced by staff caring for residents experiencing dementia.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1002/GPS.1754
Abstract: This study evaluated the impact of an eight-session training program for aged care staff in managing dementia-related challenging behaviours. Participation in the training program with an additional five-session peer support group was compared with both participation in training only and a wait-list control condition. Outcomes were evaluated for 90 participating staff members and 113 residents with challenging behaviours from six aged care facilities. Measures of staff attitudes and the behaviours of staff and residents were collected pre- and post-intervention, and at six month follow-up. Staff members in both dementia training groups reported improved attitudes regarding their knowledge and skills in managing residents with challenging behaviours, immediately after the training and six months later. Facility supervisors rated the nursing performance of trained staff more positively, particularly those who participated in a peer support group. The dementia training programs, whether with or without the inclusion of peer support, did not impact on levels of staff burnout or substantially reduce the level of challenging behaviours among aged care residents. While training programs may impact positively on staff performance, organisational characteristics of aged care facilities, including low levels of management support for staff training initiatives, limit the potential outcomes. Methodological limitations are discussed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-04-2015
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2015
Abstract: This study examined the association of weight perception and weight satisfaction with body change intentions and weight-related behaviours in 928 overweight adolescents (aged 11–18 years, 44% female). Accurate perception of weight was associated with trying to lose weight and inaccurate perception was associated with trying to gain muscle. Weight dissatisfaction was associated with trying to lose weight and gain muscle. Accurate weight perception and weight dissatisfaction were not associated with healthy weight-related behaviours. Awareness of overweight and body dissatisfaction may be detrimental to the adoption of healthy weight-control behaviours. Interventions with overweight adolescents should encourage body satisfaction, rather than promoting awareness of overweight.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-10-2011
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2004
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1002/CPP.285
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2011.569975
Abstract: This study examined demographic, psychological, and relationship factors that are associated with the experience of sexual desire in women. The contribution of other aspects of sexual function on sexual desire was also investigated. The participants were 741 partnered heterosexual women (mean age = 45.7 years), who completed the Female Sexual Desire Questionnaire online, which evaluated their levels of sexual desire, as well as a range of in idual and dyadic variables. For each of the six aspects of sexual desire assessed, the number and frequency of problems in other aspects of women's sexual functioning were the most common predictors. The results demonstrated that sexual desire was lower among older, postmenopausal women and those who had been in their current relationship for a longer period of time. Women who reported that their partner experienced a sexual dysfunction also obtained lower sexual desire scores. These findings demonstrate the strong interrelationship between the different phases of the sexual response cycle for women. Further, they suggest that sexual dysfunction in one partner is likely to be associated with sexual dysfunction in the other partner. The clinical implications of these findings in terms of the treatment for sexual dysfunction among women (and their partners) are discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-04-2010
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 30-06-2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4TA02055C
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-1989
DOI: 10.2466/PR0.1989.65.1.147
Abstract: Intercorrelations among general trait arousability, emerging sexual desire, current sexual desire, lack of sexual desire perceived as a problem, and sexual dysfunction were assessed in 65 women currently involved in marital or de facto heterosexual relationships. The Stimulus Screening Test was used to measure general arousability and the Assessment of Sexual Function and Dysfunction Questionnaire was used to measure emerging sexual desire, current sexual desire, lack of sexual desire, and sexual dysfunction. Analysis showed that arousability was positively associated with current levels of sexual desire which was negatively associated with sexual dysfunction. There was a curvilinear relationship between arousability and sexual dysfunction, with women experiencing both high and low levels of arousability being more likely to score higher on measures of sexual dysfunction than those experiencing medium levels of arousal. The possible implications of these results are discussed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-12-2014
Publisher: SLACK, Inc.
Date: 09-2008
DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20080901-09
Abstract: The prevalence of untreated depression is high among older adults who receive care in residential facilities or in their own homes and is associated with reduced quality of life and other medical conditions. Research has suggested a number of reasons for the low detection and treatment rates for this problem, including lack of knowledge and efficacy among those who provide direct care and poor communication between these caregivers and senior staff, and between senior staff and general practitioners. In this study, we report on the implementation of a training program for care staff that aims to address these issues. Focus groups with participants who completed the training indicated a high level of satisfaction with the program and reported improvements in knowledge, self-efficacy, and communication within services. It is recommended that the program be more systematically evaluated in relation to its longer term effects on care provider practices and the well-being of depressed elderly care recipients.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2001
DOI: 10.1080/009262301750257119
Abstract: This article reports on an evaluation of a cognitive behavioral program for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Frequency data are provided on the sexual dysfunction of 95 males (mean age = 41.6 years) and 105 females (mean age = 36.4 years). The effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral program among 45 sexually dysfunctional males (mean age = 39.9 years) and 54 sexually dysfunctional females (mean age = 36.2 years) was assessed. The results demonstrated that, after therapy, respondents experienced lower levels of sexual dysfunction, more positive attitudes toward sex, perceptions that sex was more enjoyable, fewer affected aspects of sexual dysfunction in their relationship, and a lower likelihood of perceiving themselves as a sexual failure. The implications of these findings for the treatment of sexual dysfunction are discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.WOMBI.2014.08.002
Abstract: Perinatal distress has largely been conceptualised as the experience of depression and/or anxiety. Recent research has shown that the affective state of stress is also present during the perinatal period and thus may add to a broader understanding of perinatal distress. The aims of the present study were to investigate the changes in depression, anxiety and stress symptoms across pregnancy, and to explore the prospective relationships between these symptoms. Two-hundred and fourteen pregnant women were recruited when they were less than 16 weeks gestation. Women completed depression, anxiety and stress measures on a monthly basis, from 16 weeks gestation through to 36 weeks gestation. The covariate measures of sleep quality and social support were assessed bi-monthly at 16, 24 and 32 weeks gestation. Levels of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were all shown to change over time, with women experiencing fewer symptoms during the middle of their pregnancy. Higher symptoms early in pregnancy predicted higher symptom levels throughout the rest of pregnancy. Higher depression scores early in pregnancy were also shown to predict higher anxiety and higher stress scores in late pregnancy. Increased stress scores during mid pregnancy also predicted higher anxiety scores in late pregnancy. Current findings indicate that symptom levels of depression, anxiety and stress vary over the course of pregnancy. Increased depression in early pregnancy seemed to be particularly pertinent as it not only predicted later depression symptoms, but also increased anxiety and stress in late pregnancy. Collectively, these results further highlight the importance of emotional health screening early in pregnancy.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-12-2009
DOI: 10.1038/IJIR.2009.60
Abstract: There is increasing evidence that partners have a major role in treatment-seeking behavior for men with ED. This study investigated the motivations of 100 females for seeking medical treatment for their partner's ED. Semi-structured interviews focused on reasons for seeking treatment from the female's perspective. The themes that emerged from the data centered on the importance of sex in the relationship, with closeness and intimacy frequently being seen as more important than sex. The second major theme related to hopes that females had in relation to the medication, particularly in relation to increasing their partner's confidence and reducing his sexual frustration. Enhancement of the relationship as well as improving the female's own feelings of self-doubt and sexual frustration were also mentioned. The results of this study show the multi-faceted nature of the motivations that females express in terms of seeking help for their partner's ED.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2005.11.001
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the presentation and risk factors for depression in adults with mild/moderate intellectual disability (ID). A s le of 151 adults (83 males and 68 females) participated in a semi-structured interview. According to results on the Beck Depression Inventory II, 39.1% of participants evinced symptoms of depression (2 severe, 14 moderate, and 43 mild). Sadness, self-criticism, loss of energy, crying, and tiredness appeared to be the most frequent indicators of depression or risk for depression. A significant difference was found between in iduals with and without symptoms of depression on levels of automatic negative thoughts, downward social comparison and self-esteem. Automatic negative thoughts, quality and frequency of social support, self-esteem, and disruptive life events significantly predicted depression scores in people with mild/moderate ID, accounting for 58.1% of the variance.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2011
Abstract: This study examined body image and associated behaviours among 48 adolescents (24 males, 24 females) in Tonga, as well as 48 Tongan adolescents (24 males, 24 females) living in New Zealand (NZ). There was a lack of focus on body weight and shape among adolescents in both countries. Males evidenced a high focus on muscles. Females wanted to lose weight and obtain a soft round body. There were very few differences in the body image or body change strategies of Tongan adolescents in Tonga or NZ. Sociocultural messages need to be explored further in order to better understand these findings.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-04-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.MIDW.2011.12.001
Abstract: nearly half of all women exceed the guideline recommended pregnancy weight gain for their Body Mass Index (BMI) category. Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is correlated positively with postpartum weight retention and is a predictor of long-term, higher BMI in mothers and their children. Psychosocial factors are generally not targeted in GWG behaviour change interventions, however, multifactorial, conceptual models that include these factors, may be useful in determining the pathways that contribute to excessive GWG. We propose a conceptual model, underpinned by health behaviour change theory, which outlines the psychosocial determinants of GWG, including the role of motivation and self-efficacy towards healthy behaviours. This model is based on a review of the existing literature in this area. there is increasing evidence to show that psychosocial factors, such as increased depressive symptoms, anxiety, lower self-esteem and body image dissatisfaction, are associated with excessive GWG. What is less known is how these factors might lead to excessive GWG. Our conceptual model proposes a pathway of factors that affect GWG, and may be useful for understanding the mechanisms by which interventions impact on weight management during pregnancy. This involves tracking the relationships among maternal psychosocial factors, including body image concerns, motivation to adopt healthy lifestyle behaviours, confidence in adopting healthy lifestyle behaviours for the purposes of weight management, and actual behaviour changes. health-care providers may improve weight gain outcomes in pregnancy if they assess and address psychosocial factors in pregnancy.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1991
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-04-2014
DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2014.888388
Abstract: The current randomized study evaluated an online cognitive behavioral therapy program for female sexual problems. PursuingPleasure (PP) consisted of six online modules that included psychoeducation, sensate focus, communication exercises, cognitive exercises, and e-mail contact with a therapist. PP incorporated mindfulness training and online chat groups as well as assessed partner sexual functioning. Participants demonstrated a completion rate of 57%, with 26 women with female sexual problems and related distress completing the program compared to a wait-list control group of 31 women also experiencing sexual problems and distress. Sexual problems reported by women in both groups included difficulties with sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, and pain. The treatment group demonstrated significant improvements in all domains of female sexual response (except for sexual pain) and significant reductions in the reported frequency of sexual problems and distress. Partner sexual functioning showed positive change. Improvements in female sexual functioning and some improvements in male partner sexual functioning were maintained at three-month follow-up. Limitations and suitability of clients for this treatment approach for women who are geographically isolated, who are unable to attend face-to-face therapy, and who possess a high degree of motivation are discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 20-11-2007
DOI: 10.1111/J.1742-1241.2007.01636.X
Abstract: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition estimated to affect more than 150 million men worldwide. ED should be regarded as a shared sexual problem which has significant detrimental effects both on the men who experience this condition and on their partners. Evidence shows that the partner plays a key supportive role in the man's ED treatment and in successful long-term ED therapy. Including the partner in consultations may highlight discordant attitudes and communication problems between couple members which may indicate treatment acceptance or rejection, or realistic or unrealistic treatment expectations. Most patients with ED consult their physician in the absence of their partner. Therefore, involving the partner in therapy can be challenging. Two options which physicians should consider are: encouraging the patient to bring the partner into the office and, often more realistically, seeking information about, and providing information to, the partner, via the patient. The objective of these recommendations is to provide practical guidance on treating couples affected by ED, and suggest techniques that may be helpful in integrating the partner into the process of ED treatment.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-07-2014
DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2013.789820
Abstract: The role of medical conditions, childhood experiences, and psychological and relationship factors in the development and maintenance of male sexual difficulties is not well understood. Using self-report questionnaires, the current study examined how these factors are associated with male sexual difficulties overall, as well as for each of four separate problems (low sexual desire, erectile difficulties, premature ejaculation, delayed ejaculation). The participants for the study were 331 Australian men from the general population, all of whom were in cohabiting heterosexual relationships and had experienced one or more of the aforementioned sexual problems. Data were collected via an online survey between January 2010 and April 2011. The results demonstrated that medical factors as well as current psychological factors (e.g., performance anxiety) were most likely associated with each male sexual difficulty. These findings are in contrast to those obtained with women, where relationship factors are strongly related to female sexual problems. They would suggest that the targets for sex therapy may be different for men and women, with medical problems and performance anxiety being the primary targets for men.
Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
Date: 2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2003
DOI: 10.1080/00224540309598428
Abstract: In 2 studies, the authors evaluated the role of parents, peers, and the media in body image and body-change strategies among adolescent boys and girls. The respondents for Study 1 (423 boys and 377 girls) completed the Body Image and Body Change Inventory (L. A. Ricciardelli & M. P. McCabe, 2002) and the Perceived Sociocultural Influences on Body Image and Body Change Questionnaire (M. P. McCabe & L. A. Ricciardelli, 2001b). Body mass index and age were also included in the analyses. Regression analyses demonstrated that sociocultural influences and feedback from the participant's best male friend were important predictors for all body-change strategies among boys. For girls, sociocultural influences and feedback from the participant's best female friend and mother were important predictors for body-change strategies. The most consistent predictor of weight loss, weight gain, and strategies to increase muscles was body-image importance. In Study 2, the authors examined the influence of the same sociocultural variables, as well as negative affect and puberty on body image and body-change strategies among a second group of 199 boys and 267 girls. The results demonstrated that a broad range of sociocultural influences predicted body-change strategies for boys and girls, with negative affect also having a unique influence for boys but not for girls. Puberty played a minor role, once other sociocultural variables were entered into the regression equation. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2004
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 20-07-2012
Abstract: This study investigated the relationship between culture and attitudes toward mental illness. In total, 196 men and 347 women were recruited from Australia and Taiwan. All participants completed a questionnaire assessing their attitudes toward mental illness. Australian-born Chinese and Chinese immigrants to Australia also completed a questionnaire assessing cultural values. Chinese immigrants to Australia and Taiwanese held more stigmatizing attitudes than Australian-born Chinese and Anglo-Australians. Australian-born Chinese adopted Australian cultural practices more than Chinese immigrants, but these groups did not differ in terms of adherence to Chinese cultural practices. The adoption of Australian cultural practices was significantly associated with lower stigmatizing attitudes. These findings reveal the influence of culture and acculturation processes on stigmatizing attitudes toward the mentally ill.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5TA02990B
Abstract: Co–Cu nanoparticles on graphene show superior performances as cathodes for Li–O 2 batteries due to the synergy between bimetallic nanoparticles and graphene.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-10-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.BODYIM.2013.06.008
Abstract: This study examined the utility of the biopsychosocial model to predict accuracy of weight status perception among Australian adolescents. The factors included in this framework were: age, gender, and BMI-z (biological factors) satisfaction with body weight and shape (psychological factors) socioeconomic status, peer weight (social factors). Cross-sectional data, including measured height and weight, and self-reported weight status, was obtained from 2954 adolescents (mean age=14.6, 56% male) who participated in the It's Your Move! study. Accuracy of weight status perception was associated with gender, BMI-z, SES, and weight and shape satisfaction. Gender differences in weight status perception were moderated by satisfaction with weight. In boys, weight satisfaction was associated with perceived healthy weight in girls, it was associated with perceived healthy weight and underweight. Moderately overweight adolescents are most at risk of underestimating their weight status and could benefit from education about the boundaries of the healthy weight range.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2012.05.019
Abstract: While depression is common in residential aged care settings, there is an absence of research into factors that may be associated with this condition. This pilot study examined the relationship between depression and multiple biopsychosocial factors among residents of aged care facilities. Participants were 50 aged care residents with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, based on a clinical assessment using the SCID-I, and a matched s le of 50 residents without depression. The s le consisted of 80 women and 20 men without significant cognitive impairment, with a mean age of 83.0 years (SD=7.2 years). Participants completed a diagnostic interview with a clinical psychologist to determine the presence or absence of a mood disorder, and a set of scales related to demographics, depressive symptoms, physical health, functional disability, religiosity, and psychological wellbeing. The unique predictors of scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 were environmental mastery, purpose in life, and autonomy. These three variables discriminated between participants with and without a diagnosis of MDD with 80% accuracy. Findings were limited by the cross-sectional methodology and small s le size of cognitively intact English-speaking aged care residents. Replication is required with a prospective longitudinal design with a broader s le of residents. Psychological variables were more important in understanding depression among aged care residents than traditional risk factors such as medical illness and disability. While preliminary, these findings highlight possible targets to prevent and treat depression in aged care settings.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5MH00136F
Abstract: We highlight burgeoning design horizons from materials to electrodes to push energy storage in Li ion batteries to next-generation levels.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 23-04-2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1991
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-2008
DOI: 10.1111/J.1743-6109.2008.00885.X
Abstract: Sexual function through pregnancy and the postpartum period is an important aspect of quality of life. Despite this, prospective studies are limited, and the impact of body image on sexual function has not been explored. The current study reports on a pilot study that evaluated the effectiveness of a combined Internet-based psychological treatment program and oral medication compared to an Internet-based psychological program. Twelve men with ED participated in the study. Assessments were made pre and postintervention on ED, relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, self-esteem, and quality of life. Multivariate analyses of variance demonstrated that both treatment conditions showed improvements from pretest to posttest in sexual functioning, relationships, and personal well-being. This study indicates the importance of targeting psychological and relationship variables in the treatment of ED. Further research with larger numbers of participants is necessary for a more rigorous evaluation of treatment programs that combine psychological and medication interventions for ED.
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 04-2012
Abstract: Depression is a highly prevalent yet under-recognized and under-treated psychiatric illness in patients receiving palliative care. Nurses are the front-line health care professionals in these settings and are well-positioned to detect depressive symptoms and initiate pathways to care. Previous research suggests, however, that nurses' confidence and skills in relation to this task are low, and there appear to be a number of barriers within these settings that may impede nurses' engagement in this process. To further investigate these factors, a quantitative study was carried out with 69 palliative care nurses from three palliative care services in Australia. A number of issues were identified, including the need for further training in the signs and symptoms of depression, issues around discussing depression with patients and their family members, and difficulty differentiating depressive symptoms from grief. These findings provide insight into specific areas in which palliative care nurses would benefit from further training to improve detection rates for depression in this vulnerable population.
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 22-05-2007
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-1997
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-08-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1002/GPS.1538
Abstract: Past research has demonstrated that there is a high level of depression among older people, particularly for those with cognitive impairment and those in residential care. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence of depression among older people in hostels with cognitive impairment using a structured diagnostic interview. A further aim was to determine an appropriate screening instrument to detect depression within this population. It was also designed to evaluate the extent to which depression among these older people had previously been detected. Five commonly used depression scales were administered and compared to the results of the diagnostic interview. The results demonstrated that 38.9% of older people were diagnosed with depression, but that only 50% of these people had been previously diagnosed with this disorder. All scales showed some level of validity to detect depression. The implications of these findings for our understanding of depression among older people with cognitive impairment are discussed.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1037/MEN0000087
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-10-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10654-019-00568-5
Abstract: This systematic review aimed to synthesise multimorbidity profiling literature to identify replicable and clinically meaningful groupings of multimorbidity. We searched six electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science) for articles reporting multimorbidity profiles. The identified profiles were synthesised with multidimensional scaling, stratified by type of statistical analysis used in the derivation of profiles. The 51 studies that met inclusion criteria reported results of 98 separate analyses of multimorbidity profiling, with a total of 407 multimorbidity profiles identified. The statistical techniques used to identify multimorbidity profiles were exploratory factor analysis, cluster analysis of diseases, cluster analysis of people, and latent class analysis. Reporting of methodological details of statistical methods was often incomplete. The discernible groupings of multimorbidity took the form of both discrete categories and continuous dimensions. Mental health conditions and cardio-metabolic conditions grouped along identifiable continua in the synthesised results of all four methods. Discrete groupings of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with asthma, falls and fractures with sensory deficits and of Parkinson's disease and cognitive decline where partially replicable (identifiable in the results of more than one method), while clustering of musculoskeletal conditions and clustering of reproductive systems were each observed only in one statistical approach. The two most replicable multimorbidity profiles were mental health conditions and cardio-metabolic conditions. Further studies are needed to understand aetiology and evolution of these multimorbidity groupings. Guidelines for strengthening the reporting of multimorbidity profiling studies are proposed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-12-2014
DOI: 10.3109/09638237.2014.976856
Abstract: The aim of the study was to explore which variables predict poor sleep among clinically depressed Chinese adults. In total, 100 participants were recruited from Shanghai Mental Health Centre. The dependent variables were number of hours spent sleeping as well as the quality of sleep and number of times the participants woke during the night. The independent variables were gender, age, length of depression and severity of depression. The use of antipsychotic medication was controlled for in all analyses. The results demonstrated that depression severity was the most important predictor of sleep quality and night waking. Gender and age were also found to be predictors of sleep problems. The findings demonstrated that depressed Chinese patients experienced similar relationships between sleep disturbance and depression to Westerners. Future studies should include other measures of sleep quality as well as variables consistently found to be associated with both depression and sleep difficulty, such as the use of addictive substances and psychosocial factors.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-1997
DOI: 10.1007/BF02936339
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-11-2011
Abstract: We assessed intergenerational differences in food, physical activity, and body size perceptions among refugees and migrants from the Horn of Africa living in Victoria, Australia. We used a qualitative design and obtained data from 48 participants (18 in idual interviews 3 semistructured focus groups). Three major themes emerged: (a) food and physical activity, (b) preference of body size and social expectations, and (c) perceived consequences of various body sizes. For parents, large body size was perceived to equate with being beautiful and wealthy slimness was associated with chronic illness and poverty. Parents adopted strategies that promoted weight gain in children. These included tailored food practices and restricting children’s involvement in physical activity. For young people, slimness was the ideal body size endorsed by their peers, and they adopted strategies to resist parental pressure to gain weight. Obesity-prevention programs in this subpopulation need to adopt a multigenerational approach.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1999
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2012.03.056
Abstract: To explore and compare attitudes of consumers (patients and their family members) and medical staff toward clinical trials related to mental health in China, we developed two questionnaires for medical staff and patients and their family members. Approximately 66.2% of medical staff who had no research experience believed that patients could be persuaded to participate in clinical trials, but the percentage of consumers who believed so was just 12.5%. Both groups agreed that written informed consent was required however, more medical staff than patients agreed that such consent could be provided by patients or their guardian (88.4% vs. 71.4%). Only 9.5% of medical staff thought that patient treatment would be compromised by refusal to participate the proportion of consumers who thought the same was 29.4%. Great differences exist between medical staff and consumers' attitudes and beliefs regarding clinical trials. Medical staff were more likely to have a favorable attitude toward their patients participating in clinical trials and considered that informed consent could be provided by guardians rather than the patient.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1994
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.WOMBI.2013.12.004
Abstract: A substantial body of research has focused on maternal perinatal mood and wellbeing, with the focus predominantly being on depression, and to a lesser extent, anxiety. Perinatal maternal stress has also been investigated recently, but to a far lesser extent. The present paper questions whether the term 'perinatal distress' accurately captures the range of challenges experienced by women during the perinatal period, when the scope of 'distress' is limited to the experience of depression and anxiety alone. A review of the perinatal literature was conducted using several databases, to identify studies that have focused on the experience of stress as a distinct affective state in the perinatal period. The findings of two recent studies which have employed a broader conceptualisation of perinatal distress to encompass the experience of stress as well as depression and anxiety are outlined. These recent studies have identified the experience of stress both in conjunction with and independent of depression and anxiety. It is argued that future studies should investigate the concept of stress as a separate affective state throughout the perinatal period, in order to further assess how it differs from depression and/or anxiety. A more comprehensive understanding of women's experiences during their transition to motherhood, and whether 'stress' plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of perinatal anxiety and/or depression is needed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2008
DOI: 10.1002/GPS.2067
Abstract: Depression is a mental disorder that is frequently not detected among older people. The current study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program to assist carers to better recognize depression among older people in both community and residential care settings. In total, 52 professional carers (26 in community care, 26 in residential care) across a range of occupations completed a four session (for personal care attendants) or six session (for registered nurses or managers) training program. The program provided training for staff to identify and respond appropriately to signs of depression. In addition, nurses and managers were trained on the use of screening tools and referral processes. Outcomes were evaluated at post-test, and 6-month follow-up. The results demonstrated that for all groups training was effective in increasing carers' knowledge of depression and self-efficacy in detecting depression, as well as reducing the barriers to care at both post-test and 6-month follow-up. The training program evaluated in the current study was effective in increasing the level of skills necessary for care staff to better detect depression among older people in both community and residential care settings. Further research is needed to determine if these improved skills are sustained over time, and if they actually improve the level of recognition of depression among older people.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2012.738412
Abstract: While there is evidence that depression training can improve the knowledge of staff in residential care facilities, there is an absence of research determining whether such training translates into practice change. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of staff training and the introduction of a protocol for routine screening and referral for depression on the numbers of residents detected and referred by care staff for further assessment. A cluster randomized controlled design was used to compare the referral rates for residents in seven facilities randomly allocated into one of three conditions: staff training, staff training plus a screening and referral protocol and wait-list control. Participants were 216 aged care residents (M age = 87 years), who agreed to a 12-month audit of their facility file. Staff training on its own did not increase the rate of referrals for depression however, staff training plus the screening protocol and referral guidelines did lead to a significant increase in the number of residents who were referred to a medical practitioner for further assessment. However, this increase in care staff referrals did not result in substantial changes in the treatment prescribed for residents. Staff training in depression, supplemented with a protocol for routine screening and guidelines on referring residents, can improve pathways to care. However, strategies to overcome barriers to appropriate subsequent treatment of depression are required for staff-focused initiatives to translate into better outcomes for depressed older adults. Methodological limitations of this study are discussed.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2012
DOI: 10.1177/082585971202800203
Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of palliative care staff and thus enable them to better detect and manage depression among palliative care patients and their families. Participants were 90 professional carers who completed a four-session training program. Knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and barriers to working with depressed patients were assessed pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at a three-month follow-up. The results demonstrated that compared to the control group, the intervention group had improved in all of these areas. Improvements were maintained at the three-month follow-up in all areas except attitudes. The results of this study indicate the importance of training in managing depression among palliative care staff. Booster sessions will likely be needed to ensure that training program gains are maintained.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-12-2011
DOI: 10.1017/S1041610211002146
Abstract: Background: Screening tools have been recommended for use in aged care to improve the detection and treatment of depression. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a program for the routine implementation of the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia in Australian facilities, to determine whether use of the instrument by nurses led to further monitoring of depressive symptoms, medical referral, and changes in treatments prescribed for depression. Methods: A file review was completed for 412 participants out of a total of 867 older people (47.5%) who resided in ten aged care facilities. The review examined Cornell Scale assessment data, medication charts, medical history, nursing progress notes, and resident care plans. Nursing staff who administered the Cornell Scale to each participant were also interviewed, and ten facility managers took part in an interview to determine barriers to the effective implementation of the instrument. Results: The Cornell Scale had been administered to 46.8% of the s le in the previous 12 months, with 25% of these participants scoring 9–13 and 27% scoring 14 and above. Less than one third of the residents with high scores were monitored by the staff following the assessment. Only 18% of residents with high scores were referred for further assessment of depression, while 10% received a treatment change. Conclusions: The absence of a protocol for responding to high Cornell Scale scores limited the potential of this program to result in widespread improved treatment of depressed older people. The use of the Cornell Scale by aged care nurses with limited training raised concern.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2016.04.111
Abstract: Relying on the absence, presence of level of symptomatology may not provide an adequate indication of the effects of treatment for depression, nor sufficient information for the development of treatment plans that meet patients' needs. Using a prospective, multi-centered, and observational design, the present study surveyed a large s le of outpatients with depression in China (n=9855). The 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17) and the Remission Evaluation and Mood Inventory Tool (REMIT) were administered at baseline, two weeks later and 4 weeks, to assess patients' self-reported symptoms and general sense of mental health and wellbeing. Of 9855 outpatients, 91.3% were diagnosed as experiencing moderate to severe depression. The patients reported significant improvement over time on both depressive symptoms and general sense after 4-week treatment. The effect sizes of change in general sense were lower than those in symptoms at both two week and four week follow-up. Treatment effects on both general sense and depressive symptomatology were associated with demographic and clinical factors. The findings indicate that a focus on both general sense of mental health and wellbeing in addition to depressive symptomatology will provide clinicians, researchers and patients themselves with a broader perspective of the status of patients.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 11-01-2018
DOI: 10.1111/HSC.12534
Abstract: Family caregivers of people with dementia who live within the community often experience stress and poor quality of life due to their care-giving role. While there are many factors that affect this, one influential factor is the family context. This study focussed on adult child caregivers. It examined the specific ways that family dynamics contribute to adult child caregivers' distress in the context of caring for a parent with dementia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 participants who were adult child primary caregivers for a parent with dementia who was living within the community. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Four themes were identified that represented areas of particular concern and distress for the caregivers: family expectations and caregivers' lack of choice in adopting the care-giving role denial and differential understandings of dementia among family members differential beliefs and approaches to care-giving among family members and communication breakdown between family members. The findings demonstrate several avenues for further research including the development of interventions to support adult child caregivers and address problematic family dynamics within the context of caring for a parent with dementia.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-09-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10508-015-0600-7
Abstract: Few studies have examined how attachment insecurity (i.e., attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance) is associated with the more subtle and less severe forms of sexual coercion, such as verbal threats and partner manipulation. This is despite the fact that past research has indicated some of the relationship behaviors exhibited by insecurely attached in iduals represent behaviors indicative of either the perpetration or victimization of less severe forms of sexual coercion. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the association between attachment style and less severe forms of sexual coercion. Our search, which included published journal papers, book chapters, and theses published between January 1970 and October 2014, yielded 1091 records. Examination of these records against exclusion criteria yielded 11 studies that focused on the associations between attachment orientation and perpetration of sexual coercion (n = 3), sexual coercion victimization (n = 3), or both perpetration and victimization (n = 5). Findings revealed that attachment anxiety appeared to be more consistently associated with being the victim of sexual coercion than attachment avoidance. In terms of perpetration, attachment avoidance was more consistently associated with sexual coercion. These findings were observed when examining the association between attachment dimensions and motives for sexual coercion. The findings also revealed gender to be a moderator for victimization. This review provides insights into how attachment style may influence the perpetration and victimization of sexual coercion.
Publisher: La Trobe
Date: 2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-1997
DOI: 10.1080/00224549709595493
Abstract: This study was designed to identify factors associated with the perceptual and attitudinal components of female body image. The influence of society and factors thought to mediate the relationship between body image and society (field dependence, locus of control, and self-esteem) were investigated. Age and body mass index (BMI) were also included as independent variables. A total of 101 female university students in Australia ranging in age from 18 to 55 years (M = 24.11) participated in the study. A video camera apparatus (VCA) was used to assess perceptual distortion of body size. The VCA, the Body Esteem Scale, and the Appearance Evaluation subscale of the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire were used to assess body satisfaction. On average, women underestimated their body sizes by 4%, and they typically wanted to be smaller than their actual body sizes. About two fifths of the women expressed moderate to strong negative feelings about both in idual body parts and their bodies as a whole. Multiple regression analyses revealed that perceptual distortion of body size could not be predicted from the independent variables. Body satisfaction was best explained by societal factors, self-esteem, and BMI.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-02-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1994
DOI: 10.1007/BF02575321
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1997
DOI: 10.1016/S0005-7967(96)00097-6
Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the relative contribution of attention and emotional responses to the sexual response to erotica. Self reported levels of sexual arousal, attention, and emotional responses were measured after 20 men and 20 women viewed a series of erotic film segments. Men and women reported greater sexual arousal to erotica when they became absorbed in the activities portrayed in the film and when they experienced the erotic encounters as appetitive, than when they were distracted and perceived the encounters as aversive. Subjective sexual arousal also correlated positively with the degree to which subjects experienced entertainment and curiousity to the erotic film segments, but negatively with boredom. The level of sexual arousal reported by subjects did not correlate significantly with trait measures of absorption (as indexed by the Tellegen Absorption Scale) and vividness of imagery (as assessed by the Betts Questionnaire upon Mental Imagery). The multidimensional nature of the sexual response was demonstrated by the fact that the magnitude of subjective sexual arousal was predicted by the separate groupings of state assessed attentional and emotional variables, trait indexed absorption and appetitive feelings, and demographic information. These findings applied to both men and women, with the exception that men experienced greater sexual arousal than women, and women reported more disgust to the stimulus materials. Future directions for studying the basis for differences in sexual arousal between men and women are outlined, with an emphasis on a psychophysiological exploration of these phenomena.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 17-05-2011
Abstract: This study explored the woman’s experience of her partner’s erectile dysfunction (ED) focusing particularly on sexual experiences, relationship satisfaction, and communication. One hundred women completed a semi-structured interview, providing information about how ED impacted her relationship with her partner. For some women, there was a sense of hopelessness and frustration surrounding their sex lives, while for others, her partner’s ED had led to efforts towards increasing non-physical intimacy and sexual communication. These findings demonstrate the importance of the relationship, including communication between the partners, in a women’s experience of her partners’ ED.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1988
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2006
Abstract: Negative affect has been found to mediate the relationship between body dissatisfaction and bulimia. However, it is unknown if this relationship also applies to disordered eating, excessive exercise and strategies to increase muscle for men or women. The aim of this study was to investigate whether negative and positive affect mediate the relationship between body dissatisfaction, and these body change strategies. Respondents were 93 men and 97 women (age range: 18-25 years), who completed measures of body dissatisfaction, positive and negative affect and body change strategies to lose weight or increase muscles. Body dissatisfaction was associated with strategies to lose weight, dietary restraint and bulimia for both genders. Negative affect mediated the relationship between dissatisfaction with muscles and strategies to lose weight, dietary restraint and bulimia for women only. The results confirm previous findings related to the association between negative affect and disordered eating for women. They also demonstrate the need to further investigate the impact of negative affect on body change strategies, particularly among men, and those strategies related to increasing muscles.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-2003
DOI: 10.1017/S1355617703950041
Abstract: A referred cohort of 67 clinically defined PPA patients were compared to 99 AD patients with formal language and nonverbal cognitive tests in a case control design. Language fluency was determined at the first and last follow up visits. Quantitation of sulcal and ventricular atrophy on MRI was carried out in 46 PPA and 53 AD patients. Most PPA patients (57%) are relatively fluent when first examined. Visuospatial and memory functions are initially preserved. Aphemic, stuttering, “pure motor” presentation, or agrammatic aphasia are seen less frequently. Later most PPAs become logopenic and nonfluent, even those with semantic aphasia (dementia). In contrast, AD patients were more fluent and had relatively lower comprehension, but better overall language performance. MRI showed significant left sided atrophy in most PPA patients. Subsequent to PPA, 25 patients developed behavioral manifestations of frontotemporal dementia and 15 the corticobasal degeneration syndrome, indicating the substantial clinical overlap of these conditions. Language testing, particularly fluency scores supported by neuroimaging are helpful differentiating PPA from AD. The fluent–nonfluent dichotomy in PPA is mostly stage related. The aphemic-logopenic-agrammatic and semantic distinction is useful, but the outcomes converge. ( JINS , 2003, 9 , 710–719.)
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5TA02584B
Abstract: 3D hierarchical porous N-rich graphitic carbon materials were prepared and further used for symmetric aqueous supercapacitors with battery-level energy density while retaining capacitor-type power density and cycling stability.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-05-2010
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1037/ORT0000041
Abstract: The current project explored issues related to respect for older people, and then developed, implemented, and evaluated an educational intervention program for adolescents to raise understanding and improve attitudes toward older people. In Study 1, 46 focus groups were conducted, with participants (n = 211) drawn from older people, carers of older people, and adolescents to inform on issues related to the expression of respect to older people. The emergent themes were used to inform the design of the educational program delivered to adolescents and evaluated in Study 2. A total of 118 year-9 students were allocated to an intervention or control condition. The intervention group participated in 4 educational sessions focused on developing understanding of and respect for older adults, and promoting positive interactions with older people. Participants in both conditions completed measures of knowledge and attitudes to aging to determine whether the intervention had effected change at post-program and at 6-months follow-up. Analyses indicated significant improvements in knowledge, attitudes, and social skills related to older people in the intervention group compared to the control group. The findings from these studies provide a better understanding of what constitutes respect for older people, and a method for improving this in adolescents.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 14-05-2009
Abstract: The current study examined the association between exercise behaviors, disordered eating, and other behaviors to change body shape among fitness center attendees. The participants were 520 adults (245 men, 275 women) who attended fitness centers. Data were gathered using an anonymous questionnaire. Women who attended fitness centers were generally trying to lose weight and improve fitness men were generally trying to increase their muscles and improve their fitness level. Reasons for exercise predicted the nature of the body change strategies adopted by respondents. Regression analyses demonstrated that exercises performed by people who attend fitness centers are a reflection of whether or not they want to lose weight, increase muscle or improve fitness. All groups were equally likely to engage in health risk behaviors, but the specific nature of these behaviors varied by group. The implications of these findings for health-related messages among people who attend fitness centers are discussed.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1111/JSM.13057
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-03-2017
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 21-04-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-04-2017
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1743-6109.2009.01432.X
Abstract: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent condition that impacts on both patients and their female partners. ED may therefore be regarded as a shared sexual concern for couples. The current analysis of the Female Experience of Men's Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (FEMALES) study data addresses women's perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes concerning their partner's ED, and whether these are associated with the likelihood of the male partner seeking medical advice and utilizing phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. The current research sought to explore the association of female partners' perceptions of male partners' ED and male partners' medical consultation and treatment seeking for ED. Questionnaires were sent to partners of men who participated in the Men's Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (MALES) 2004 study, and who consented to their partner's involvement. A modified version of the questionnaire used in the MALES study was developed for the FEMALES study, reflecting the female partner's perspective. A 65-item questionnaire assessing women's perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes regarding various aspects of ED. Women's perceptions of the nature and causes of their partner's ED were significantly associated with men's treatment seeking and utilization. Significant associations were observed between women's level of satisfaction with the relationship before ED onset perceptions of the impact of ED on quality of life desire to deal with ED attitudes to ED treatment and the treatment-seeking behavior of the male partner. Multivariate regression analyses identified a mixture of female and male partner perceptions and attitudes that uniquely accounted for >30% of the variance in men's ED treatment-seeking behavior and treatment utilization. This study illustrates the importance of the female partner's attitudes to ED in men's ED treatment-seeking behavior. These findings strongly support the potential benefits of partner integration into ED consultation and treatment strategies.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2008
DOI: 10.1080/13607860701797182
Abstract: Depression is an under-diagnosed disorder among the elderly, even in those who are in receipt of aged-care services. One factor associated with this under diagnosis has been identified as a reluctance amongst the elderly to discuss their mood and emotions with their medical practitioners. The current study focused on why depression is not recognised and acted on by those providing residential or home-based care to older people. We interviewed 15 elderly people residing in high-level or low-level aged-care facilities, and three elderly people who were receiving personal care in their homes. All participants had been identified by their care agencies as depressed. Participants reported their perceptions of their personal carers' knowledge and practices in managing the residents' depression. Although the participants described their carers in positive terms, they were critical of their knowledge and skills in recognising depression, and indicated that the communication between personal carers and care recipients about depressive symptomatology was seriously flawed. Training for personal carers in these areas, and efforts to change organisational culture are recommended.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-09-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8287.2012.02090.X
Abstract: This study investigated cultural values related to body image and eating practices in Western and non-Western societies. In total, 628 Fijian, 463 Indo-Fijian, 598 Tongan, and 534 Australian adolescents completed measures of cultural values and religious influences in relation to the ideal body and eating practices. Fijian and Tongan adolescents were more likely to value a large body. Religious influences were most strongly associated with eating practices for Fijians, Indo-Fijians, and Tongans. The findings support the role of religion in transmitting cultural values regarding eating practices in Pacific Island communities. What is already known on this subject? Previous research has demonstrated that sociocultural factors shape body image and eating behaviours. Most of this research has been conducted in Western countries. What does this study add? The current study identifies the role of cultural values and religious influences on body image and eating behaviours in a number of different cultural groups. This is the first study to use the same methodology to explore these relationships across Western and Pacific Island communities.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 15-03-2010
DOI: 10.1017/S1041610210000153
Abstract: Background: The prevalence of depression among older people receiving care is high, yet the rate of treatment of this disorder is low. One way to improve the pathway to care is to train care staff to recognize the symptoms of depression and raise their confidence in responding to them. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of the beyondblue Depression Training Program to achieve this aim. Methods: Staff (N = 148) from low level care facilities and community care facilities in metropolitan Melbourne completed the beyondblue Depression Training Program, while staff in other facilities (N = 96) acted as controls. Pre-program, post-program and follow-up questionnaire data were collected and referrals for depression by staff were recorded. Results: Training improved carers’ knowledge about depression, their self-efficacy in responding to signs of depression and their attitudes towards working with depressed aged care recipients. In addition, training increased the number of referrals for depression made by carers. Conclusion: Training aged care staff in depression can improve the pathways to care for depressed care recipients, and has the potential to improve the quality of life of older people.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JSM.12524
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1998
DOI: 10.5172/JFS.4.1.53
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-1987
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-04-2013
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2013.781116
Abstract: Studies of the prevalence and risk factors for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) have primarily been conducted in nursing home and clinic populations. Few population-based studies have been conducted in community-living persons with dementia. In this cross-sectional study, persons aged 65 and above who were living in the community were screened for dementia with the Chinese version of Mini-Mental State Examination (CMMSE) and Ability of Daily Living (ADL-14) scale. Participants with a diagnosis of dementia according to DSM-IV criteria made by trained neuropsychiatrists s were with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory assessed for BPSD by informant interview. Among 1271 persons with dementia, 50.1% had at least one BPSD. Sleep disturbance was the most common symptom (21.9%), followed by irritability (19.6%), and apathy (15.7%). About 40% (N = 501) of these problems were clinically significant (NPI score > 4). The NPI score was significantly associated with the CMMSE score, ADL score and education. BPSD are common among community living Chinese people with dementia, but the relatively lower prevalence rate and different pattern of symptoms from those reported in the USA, UK and Japan suggest the possible influence of cultural background and psychosocial environment.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2012.01.002
Abstract: Aged care staff is increasingly relied upon to assist with the recognition and treatment of depression in older care recipients. However, there exist few reliable and comprehensive measures that assess aged care staffs' knowledge about late life depression. The Knowledge of Late-Life Depression Scale is one such scale. In this study we modified this measure in an attempt to improve its psychometric properties so that it can be used with confidence in research and practise. Our modifications to the original measure resulted in the Knowledge of Late-Life Depression Scale-Revised. Aged care staff (N=149) from 20 low level care facilities and community care facilities in Melbourne, Australia, completed the Knowledge of Late-Life Depression Scale-Revised. Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and reliability analysis, the Knowledge of Late-Life Depression Scale-Revised was found to demonstrate three robust and internally consistent factors. These factors were: symptoms of depression, facts about depression, and myths of depression. The revised measure was found to yield superior psychometric properties compared to the original measure. Replication studies are required, especially with other aged carer s les to ensure that the factor structure and internal consistency of the measure are supported across different aged care contexts in Australia and elsewhere. The Knowledge of Late-Life Depression-Revised is a measure that can be used by researchers and agencies to assess the knowledge of depression among professional care staff. The measure is expected to be especially useful as an assessment tool for training and educational purposes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2009
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1992
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1111/J.1542-2011.2012.00227.X
Abstract: Approximately 50% of Australian adult women of childbearing age are overweight or obese, and, when pregnant, the majority gain excessive weight this is also the case in the United States and other developed nations. High gestational weight gain (GWG) is the strongest predictor of maternal overweight/obesity postbirth and is also associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity. Understanding factors that contribute to excessive GWG is vital in combating obesity. The aim of the current study was to examine whether body image attitudes (eg, feeling fat, attractive, or strong and fit, and salience of weight and shape) predict GWG. Pregnant women, recruited through advertisements on pregnancy online forums and parenting magazines, completed questionnaires assessing body image, demographic variables, and GWG. The Body Attitudes Questionnaire assessed body image in early-to-middle, middle, and late pregnancy (mean of 16.8, 24.7, and 33.0 weeks' gestation, respectively). Total GWG was calculated by subtracting self-reported pre pregnancy weight from self-reported weight at 36.8 weeks' gestation. A total of 150 pregnant women responded to the study's advertisements, and 72% (n = 108) took part. After controlling for pre pregnancy body mass index (BMI), lower attractiveness in early-to-middle pregnancy was associated with higher GWG. In late pregnancy, women who had the lowest feelings of fatness had greater GWG. Body image attitudes earlier in pregnancy did not predict whether GWG recommendations were exceeded. Women of higher BMI were more likely to gain excessive weight. The findings suggest that the type and timing of pregnancy, body attitudes, and the time of pregnancy when they are noted, predict GWG. However, more research in the area is needed, including assessment of the relationship between body image concerns, GWG, and other psychosocial factors. We recommend that midwives monitor body image concerns in pregnancy to help address factors affecting GWG in at-risk women.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2001
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-01-2022
DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2021.2025185
Abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated inconsistency in the effectiveness of staff training programs in consumer directed care (CDC) as a means of enhancing the quality of life (QoL) of residents. The aim of this study was to investigate why this might be the case. We analyzed disaggregated cluster-by-cluster resident QoL outcomes after nursing home staff completed a CDC training program. In total, 33 nursing homes (11 clusters) participated in the study. As with previous studies, the outcomes across nursing homes were inconsistent - QoL improved at some sites but at many it remained stable or declined. Analysis of facilitator notes from the most and least successful clusters indicated that a lack of organizational support, for both the training and subsequent practice of CDC, was potentially the key barrier to effective implementation of training and so improvement in resident QoL. These findings demonstrate that all levels of aged care organizations - on the floor staff, managers and senior staff - need to fully support a CDC model of care to optimize outcomes for residents. Staff require training in CDC as well as long-term culture change within the nursing home so that training can be translated into practice.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-02-2018
DOI: 10.1002/CAR.2453
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-12-2021
DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.2010154
Abstract: This study determined changes in multiple aspects of mental health and wellbeing in newly admitted nursing home residents, and identified risk and protective factors. Participants were 204 residents recently admitted to one of 42 nursing homes in Melbourne, Australia. A subgroup of 82 participants were followed up eight months post-admission. Depression, anxiety, stress, adjustment, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Predictive factors (demographics, health, transition factors, nursing home characteristics) were examined in multiple regression analyses. Rates of depression and anxiety were high at both baseline and follow-up. Low self-rated health and medical comorbidity predicted poor wellbeing at baseline. Higher perceived control in the relocation to the nursing home and engagement in meaningful activities were associated with better post-admission outcomes. Baseline psychotropic medication use predicted lower anxiety at follow-up but did not impact depressive symptoms. There were no significant changes in mental health and wellbeing from one to eight months post-admission. The negative effect of residing in a for-profit nursing home requires further investigation. In idual activity scheduling and an opportunity to participate in relocation decision-making and planning may support resident wellbeing post-admission.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2011.564189
Abstract: The current qualitative study was designed to evaluate the coping strategies of people living with a chronic progressive neurological illness and their carers. The neurological illnesses were Huntington's disease, motor neurone disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. Participants included 15 people who showed high levels of adjustment and 15 who showed low levels of adjustment. Participants were selected from an earlier study, to ensure that they satisfied the inclusion criteria for the current study. Interviews were completed to determine the strategies used to cope with the demands of the illness. Participants who demonstrated good adjustment were more likely to draw on social support to provide them with the resources to deal with the illness. In contrast, those who evidenced poor adjustment were more likely to draw on external supports to complete tasks for them. The implications of these findings for people with chronic neurological illnesses and their families are discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-05-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1465-3362.2011.00323.X
Abstract: High prevalence mental health (HPMH) comorbidity is common in clients seeking alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment yet can remain undetected. Although research has reported on the introduction of screening into AOD services, little research has reported on the processes surrounding the introduction or evaluated its effectiveness. This study reports on the implementation and evaluation of brief anxiety and depression screening within a specialised, publicly funded AOD service in South-East Victoria. Study one examined the implementation of standardised HPMH screening with 114 adult clients (Mean age=35.49, SD=9.53 64% male) telephoning an AOD service over a 5week period. Measures included severity of HPMH problems, AOD use, care plans and referrals. Study two used semistructured interviews with nine staff/managers to evaluate the effectiveness of screening and its impact on service delivery. Ninety-four per cent of clients were identified at risk of anxiety or depression. Most care plans incorporated counselling, and concurrent referrals commonly involved a general practitioner. Staff and management found systematic screening increased identification and understanding of comorbid issues and enhanced client interaction but impacted on resource requirements. Most AOD treatment seekers were identified HPMH comorbid and care plans generally included counselling. Adjunctive referrals were more common for severely depressed clients. Screening was effective and enhanced client rapport. Evaluations revealed low confidence in treating HPMH issues in-house. Training may increase worker confidence in managing mental health interventions with subclinical cases, enhancing services' ability to move towards dual diagnosis capability.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSXM.2019.01.010
Abstract: In 2016 the International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health (ISSWSH) published an expert consensus report on new nomenclature that addressed the need for comprehensive, evidence-based criteria for new diagnoses in desire, arousal, and orgasm, with the definition on arousal focusing exclusively on female genital arousal disorder (FGAD). A new expert panel solely focused on mechanisms of arousal disorders convened to revise the nomenclature to include female cognitive arousal disorder (FCAD) and FGAD. The ISSWSH co-chairs identified experts on arousal disorders in women. The 10 participants included clinicians, researchers, and educators, representing a erse, multidisciplinary group. Pre-meeting preparation included evidence-based literature review as the basis of presentations panelists made at the meeting on the current knowledge in cognitive arousal. Consensus was reached using a modified Delphi method. Writing assignments were made as a basis of manuscript development. The new definition of FCAD is characterized by distressing difficulty or inability to attain or maintain adequate mental excitement associated with sexual activity, as manifested by problems with feeling engaged and mentally turned on or sexually aroused for a minimum of 6 months. Female sexual arousal disorder encompasses both FGAD (revised definition) and FCAD (new definition). Recommendations regarding diagnosis include a clinical interview to assess for FCAD using targeted questions. Patient-reported outcomes that contain questions to assess FCAD are described, including limitations for differentiating between cognitive arousal, genital arousal, and sexual desire. Laboratory measures of cognitive and genital arousal are discussed, including the relationships between genital and cognitive arousal patterns. Biopsychosocial risk factors for FCAD and FGAD, as well as exclusionary conditions, are presented. The revision of the ISSWSH nomenclature regarding the criteria for the 2 arousal categories, FCAD and FGAD, and the recommended diagnostic strategies offers a framework for management of women with arousal disorders. This nomenclature allows for basic science and clinical research in subtypes of arousal in order to develop better diagnostic and treatment options for use by clinicians, scientists, and regulatory agencies. There are limited validated measures of cognitive arousal, including the Female Sexual Function Index, the most commonly used measure, which does not effectively distinguish between cognitive excitement, genital sensations, and event-related desire. Future directions include the refinement of FCAD and FGAD and development and validation of patient-reported outcomes that distinguish between the cognitive processes and genital responses to enhance clinical care and research in this area.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.2190/AG.68.1.C
Abstract: The current study evaluated barriers to detection of depression among older people. Focus groups were conducted with 21 professional carers, 4 nurses, 10 general practitioners, and 7 aged care managers. The results demonstrated that care for older people is primarily focused on physical care. Further, staff resources, a lack of continuity of care, multiple co-morbidities, reluctance by older people to discuss depression, negative attitudes among carers, as well as a lack of skills all contributed to a failure to detect and treat depression. The implications of these findings for training programs for professional carers are discussed.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-06-2018
Abstract: Family carers of people with dementia (PWD) experience high rates of depression and anxiety. However, the factors that are associated with these mental health concerns among family carers are not well understood. The purpose of this review was to identify factors that are associated with depression and anxiety in family carers of PWD. A systematic review was conducted of studies that examined depressive or anxiety symptoms among family caregivers of community-dwelling older adults with dementia. Twenty-six studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were related to demographic factors, dementia characteristics, carer psychological and social factors, and dyadic relationship factors. Some prominent factors were consistently associated with depressive symptoms across studies. Female carers and adult-child carers, rather than spousal carers, were more likely to experience depressive symptoms. Carers' coping strategies and activity restriction were also found to be strongly related to depressive symptoms. Severity of dementia-related problematic behaviors was related to carers' depression and anxiety symptoms. In addition, relationship type and quality were important factors associated with depressive symptoms. Several important risk factors for carer depression were highlighted in this review. However, a lack of measurement precision and a reliance on cross-sectional studies limits our understanding of exactly how depression and anxiety progress during the caregiving experience. The implications for prevention and intervention programs for depression and anxiety are discussed, as well as suggestions for future research to improve the quality of research in this area.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-02-2008
DOI: 10.1080/00926230701636189
Abstract: The current study investigated the impact of neurological illness on marital relationship satisfaction. Participants numbered 423 patients and 335 carers from motor neurone disease (MND), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis (MS). The results demonstrated that patients and carers with HD had a significantly lower level of relationship satisfaction and sex life satisfaction than the other three illness groups. Further, patients with HD indicated a significantly higher level of relationship satisfaction than their carers. For MS and MND patients, social support predicted marital relationship satisfaction, and for Parkinson's patients, social support and sex life satisfaction predicted marital relationship satisfaction.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2001
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2005
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2020
DOI: 10.1111/AJAG.12741
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-08-2008
DOI: 10.1111/J.1442-2018.2008.00399.X
Abstract: The current study investigated the types of support networks and services accessed by people with progressive neurological illness, as well as the assessment of the usefulness of these services. The participants were 25 people with multiple sclerosis, 15 people with motor neurone disease, 23 people with Parkinson's disease, and six people with Huntington's disease. Twenty-eight professionals who worked with people with these illnesses and 41 carers of people with these illnesses also were interviewed. The results demonstrate that all of the groups of respondents indicated a strong need for basic services (e.g. home help), as well as specialized services (e.g. support groups). These two services also were identified as the most useful services by all of the groups of respondents. The similarities and differences between the groups, as well as the patients and carers, are examined. These findings demonstrate the importance of providing basic services for people with progressive neurological illnesses.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-04-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-05-2012
DOI: 10.1002/GPS.3809
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine if a depression training program could assist aged care staff to better recognize depression among older people in residential care. The use of a "paper trail" for a screening tool and a study ch ion in combination with this training was evaluated to determine if this improved the level of detection of depression. The study took the form of a randomized control trial. A total of 107 professional carers from residential aged care services in Melbourne, Australia, participated in the study. Thirty-four carers were allocated to the training-only group and completed a six-session depression training program, 35 carers were allocated to the training-plus-screening protocol group, and 38 carers were assigned to a wait-list control group. In total, 216 residents were screened for depression. Carers in all conditions were asked to identify those residents who they perceived to be depressed. Residents were independently assessed with the SCID-I to determine their depression status. Trained staff were not found to be better in detecting depression than non-trained staff. Staff in the training-plus-screening condition correctly identified more residents as depressed, but also classified more non-depressed residents as depressed. The findings demonstrate the need for a greater focus on recognizing depression among carers working in aged care facilities. Protocols should be developed to assist carers to detect, refer, and monitor depression in residents.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1080/13607860600736109
Abstract: Previous research has demonstrated a high level of depression in nursing homes. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence of depression, using a structured diagnostic interview, among older people with and without mild-moderate cognitive impairment residing in low-level care facilities. The results demonstrated that, consistent with previous research in nursing homes, 16.9% of older people were diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Less than half of these cases had been detected or treated. In iduals with moderate cognitive impairment were more likely to be depressed, but cognitive impairment did not appear to act as a strong impediment to the detection of depression by general practitioners. A low awareness of their use of antidepressant medications was demonstrated among older people prescribed this treatment, including those with normal cognitive function. Reasons for the poor recognition of depression among older people are discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-07-2015
DOI: 10.1111/BJHP.12154
Abstract: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of a health coaching (HC) intervention designed to prevent excessive gestational weight gain (GWG), and promote positive psychosocial and motivational outcomes in comparison with an Education Alone (EA) group. Randomized-controlled trial. Two hundred and sixty-one women who were <18 weeks pregnant consented to take part. Those allocated to the HC group received a tailored HC intervention delivered by a Health Coach, whilst those in the EA group attended two education sessions. Women completed measures, including motivation, psychosocial variables, sleep quality, and knowledge, beliefs and expectations concerning GWG, at 15 weeks of gestation (Time 1) and 33 weeks of gestation (Time 2). Post-birth data were also collected at 2 months post-partum (Time 3). There was no intervention effect in relation to weight gained during pregnancy, rate of excessive GWG or birth outcomes. The only differences between HC and EA women were higher readiness (b = 0.29, 95% CIs = 0.03-0.55, p < .05) and the importance to achieve a healthy GWG (b = 0.27, 95% CIs = 0.02-0.52, p < .05), improved sleep quality (b = -0.22, 95% CIs = -0.44 to -0.03, p < .05), and increased knowledge for an appropriate amount of GWG that would be best for their baby's health (b = -1.75, 95% CI = -3.26 to -0.24, p < .05) reported by the HC at Time 2. Whilst the HC intervention was not successful in preventing excessive GWG, several implications for the design of future GWG interventions were identified, including the burden of the intervention commitment and the use of weight monitoring. What is already known on the subject? Designing interventions to address gestational weight gain (GWG) continues to be a challenge. To date, health behaviour change factors have not been the focus of GWG interventions. What does this study add? Our health coaching (HC) intervention did not reduce GWG more so than education alone (EA). There was an intervention effect on readiness and importance to achieve healthy GWG. Yet there were no group differences regarding confidence to achieve healthy GWG post-intervention.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1037/MEN0000037
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2006
Abstract: Objective: This article investigates consumer perspectives on the treatment for depression among older people in residential facilities. Method: Aged care residents who were aware of being treated for depression in the past 6 months (24 women and 7 men, mean age = 83 years) participated in an interview that assessed their perspective on treatments. Results: Although more than half of the participants in the s le reported overall satisfaction with the medical treatments received for depression, qualitative data provided indications of unsatisfactory service delivery, including perceptions of low treatment efficacy, short consultation times, the failure to assess affective symptomatology, and negative responses to residents’ disclosure of symptoms. Discussion: The findings are discussed in relation to previous research on consumer satisfaction with health services and issues that may be pertinent to the elderly depressed. Training for general practitioners providing treatment in aged care is indicated.
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2017
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 13-02-2017
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.NANOLETT.6B04544
Abstract: Nanomechanical sensors and quantum nanosensors are two rapidly developing technologies that have erse interdisciplinary applications in biological and chemical analysis and microscopy. For ex le, nanomechanical sensors based upon nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) have demonstrated chip-scale mass spectrometry capable of detecting single macromolecules, such as proteins. Quantum nanosensors based upon electron spins of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have demonstrated erse modes of nanometrology, including single molecule magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Here, we report the first step toward combining these two complementary technologies in the form of diamond nanomechanical structures containing NV centers. We establish the principles for nanomechanical sensing using such nanospin-mechanical sensors (NSMS) and assess their potential for mass spectrometry and force microscopy. We predict that NSMS are able to provide unprecedented AC force images of cellular biomechanics and to not only detect the mass of a single macromolecule but also image its distribution. When combined with the other nanometrology modes of the NV center, NSMS potentially offer unparalleled analytical power at the nanoscale.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2006
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1002/ERV.1063
Abstract: There has been limited previous research that has examined the role of sociocultural influences on body change strategies among adult men. The current study investigated the role of specific types of messages (encouragement, teasing and modelling) from peers and the media on the strategies to change weight among adult men. Differences were evaluated between 526 men aged from 18 to 60 years from three groups (normal weight, overweight and obese) on body image, body change strategies and messages about their body received from peers and the media. Men were primarily drawn from United States, Australia and Europe. Results showed that messages received by men regarding losing weight or increasing muscle size differed according to weight. Body image and media messages were the strongest predictors of losing weight, whereas body image importance and messages from peers were the strongest predictors of increasing muscles. These findings highlight the importance of sociocultural influences on body change strategies among adult males.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1743-6109.2011.02381.X
Abstract: There has been limited evaluation of the effectiveness of psychological interventions for female sexual dysfunction (FSD). Furthermore, none of these studies have evaluated the effectiveness of these programs delivered over the Internet. The current study evaluated an Internet-based psychological treatment program for FSD. Revive consisted of three well-established and validated treatment components: communication skills training, sensate focus exercises, and regular contact with a therapist. Outcome measures included: the Female Sexual Function Index the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale the Sexual Function Scale and the Personal Assessment of Intimacy in Relationships. In total, 39 women (17 in treatment group and 22 in control group) completed the program. The mean age for the treatment group was 34.91 (standard deviation [SD] = 10.27) and 33.30 years (SD = 9.34) for the control group. The results demonstrated that women who completed treatment reported improved sexual and relationship functioning in comparison with those who received no treatment. These findings highlight the suitability of the Internet for providing psychological treatment for FSD and for targeting the in idual and relationship factors often associated with these disorders.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JSM.12504
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1995
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2010.06.001
Abstract: The study explored how African migrant communities living in North-West Melbourne, Australia, conceptualise and interpret the Australian food system from an intergenerational perspective and how this impacts on their attitudes and beliefs about food in Australia. Using a qualitative approach that involved 15 adolescents and 25 parents, the study found significant intergenerational differences in four themes that characterised their new food environment: (1) an abundance of cheap and readily available processed and packaged foods, (2) nutrition messages that are complex to gauge due to poor literacy levels, (3) promotion of a slim body size, which contradicts pre-existing cultural values surrounding body shapes and (4) Australian food perceived as being full of harmful chemicals. In order to develop effective culturally competent obesity prevention interventions in this sub-population, a multigenerational approach is needed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-01-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2004
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2008
DOI: 10.1080/13548500701473952
Abstract: Research has found that a substantial proportion of in iduals with mental illness have high morbidity and mortality rates, and high under-diagnosis of major physical illnesses. Furthermore, people with a mental illness tend not to seek out or utilise health care services. The reasons for the negative attitudes and behaviour towards health care services among this population have not been investigated. This paper presents findings from a study that investigated the health care service needs of people with mental illness (n = 20), and views from health care providers (n = 16) regarding access to these services by people with a mental illness. Results indicated that psychiatric patients identified a range of barriers to their health care usage and low levels of health care satisfaction. These views were shared with health care professionals. Reasons for these findings and strategies to address these problems so that there is better access to health care services for people with mental illness are discussed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2008
DOI: 10.1080/13607860701797166
Abstract: The current study was designed to evaluate the knowledge, skills and self-efficacy of care providers from the perspective of professionals working in the aged-care industry. Participants were 21 professional carers, 10 General Practitioners and 7 aged-care managers. Focus groups, which involved the completion of a semi-structured interview related to knowledge, recognition, confidence, referral procedures and use of screening tools for the detection of depression, were conducted. The results showed that all groups of respondents recognised significant gap in the knowledge and awareness of depression among professional care staff working with older people in both the community and residential care-settings. Skills in the detection and monitoring of depression and the self-efficacy of these care staff were also seen to be a problem. The implications of these findings in terms of training programmes for professional carers working in the aged health care sector are discussed.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-01-2021
Abstract: Older people face major challenges when they move into nursing homes, particularly in relation to independence and their ability to influence their activities of daily living (ADLs). This study evaluated the contribution of resident choice, as well as the staff–resident relationship, to promoting resident quality of life (QoL). A total of 604 residents from 33 nursing homes in Australia completed measures of QoL, perceived levels of choice in various ADLs, and the staff–resident relationship. A hierarchical regression demonstrated that the predictor variables accounted for 25% of the variance in QoL. Two of the four predictor variables (resident choice over socializing and the staff–resident relationship) significantly contributed to resident QoL. These findings reinforce the important contribution of autonomy and social relationships to resident QoL. Nursing home staff have a key role to play in supporting resident autonomy as a means of building residents’ chosen social connections, and thereby promoting QoL.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-07-2022
DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2100729
Abstract: The Program to Enhance Adjustment to Residential Living (PEARL) is a five session intervention primarily designed to address high rates of depression in newly admitted residents. This study reports the efficacy of PEARL on secondary outcomes of resident adjustment, symptoms of anxiety, quality of life, and stress. A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted with 219 newly admitted nursing home residents (M age = 85.5 years) from 42 nursing homes. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and at two and six month post-intervention follow-up, compared to a standard care condition. There was a significant overall condition by time interaction for adjustment ( This study demonstrates the broad effects of PEARL on the wellbeing of newly admitted residents. PEARL is a brief intervention that may be feasible for routine use in nursing homes to facilitate adjustment and improve residents' quality of life.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-12-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S11136-010-9804-4
Abstract: The aim of the present research was to determine the predictors of quality of life (QOL) among carers for people living with a chronic degenerative neurological illness, with comparisons of the differences in significant predictors of QOL between illness groups. Psychosocial and economic variables were examined among 192 carers for people living at home with motor neurone disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's, over a twelve-month period, to determine their contribution to the prediction of carer QOL. Mood was the only consistent predictor of carer QOL across groups however, marital relationship satisfaction, social support satisfaction, income, and economic pressure significantly predicted carer QOL for at least one of the illness groups, in addition to mood. The findings highlight the importance of recognising the varying roles that psychosocial and economic variables play on the prediction of carer QOL within each of these illness groups.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-1998
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-1991
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-10-2014
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2014.967659
Abstract: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) cause significant stress and distress to both aged-care residents and staff. This study evaluated a training program to assist staff to manage BPSD in residential care. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) was employed. The study was included in the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Register residential care facilities. Staff (n = 204) and residents (n = 187) were from 16 residential care facilities. Facilities were recruited and randomly assigned to four staff training conditions: (1) training in the use of a BPSD-structured clinical protocol, plus external clinical support, (2) a workshop on BPSD, plus external clinical support, (3) training in the use of the structured clinical protocol alone, and (4) care as usual. Staff and resident outcome measures were obtained pre-intervention, three months and six months post-intervention. The primary outcome was changes in BPSD, measured using the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) as well as frequency and duration of challenging behaviors. Secondary outcomes were changes in staff adjustment. There were improvements in challenging behaviors for both intervention conditions that included training in the BPSD instrument, but these were not maintained in the condition without clinical support. The training/support condition resulted in sustained improvements in both staff and resident variables, whereas the other conditions only led to improvement in some of the measured variables. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the BPSD protocol in reducing BPSD and improving staff self-efficacy and stress.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ESXM.2016.07.002
Abstract: Premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most prevalent yet under-reported sexual disorders. Differing sociocultural norms across the Asia-Pacific region provide unique challenges in PE management. This web-based study collected data from 5,038 men and women across 11 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Respondents were recruited from an existing database. The initiators and barriers for PE discussions and for seeking professional management following self-treatment, as well as their choices and expectations of healthcare professionals (HCPs). More than two-thirds of respondents have discussed PE with their partners, and men are more likely to initiate the discussion. Top drivers were for both partners to attain sexual satisfaction and greater fulfillment in the relationship. Emotional insecurity was the top barrier for men as they did not want to feel hurt or inadequate. Before consulting an HCP, more than two-thirds of men self-treated their PE for at least 20 months. The primary reason for stopping self-treatment and seeking medical management was a lack of improvement in sexual satisfaction. The ideal attributes that men seek in their HCP included trust and being knowledgeable about PE management. Attitudes and barriers to PE and its treatment in the Asia-Pacific region are poorly understood. Many men are reluctant to seek professional advice and therefore resort to self-treatment for extended periods. HCPs can play a key role to empower PE sufferers and partners to understand the prevalence, medical relevance, treatability, and negative impacts of PE on sexual and overall relationships. Greater awareness of the erse cultural and social norms, education of both partners and HCPs, and the involvement of HCPs through a patient-centric approach are all pivotal in managing PE optimally across the Asia-Pacific region.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-06-2009
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2013
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2012.746723
Abstract: Although the link between exercise and body image is well documented, the considerable inter-in idual variability in this relationship has been largely ignored. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to test the contributions of key body image and exercise-related moderators (age, body mass index (BMI), exercise frequency, trait body dissatisfaction, internalisation of appearance standards, and body surveillance tendencies) in predicting variability in the exercise-body satisfaction relationship. Thirty-seven undergraduate women completed a questionnaire containing the above trait-based measures and then carried a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) for a 7-day period. Participants were instructed to use the PDA to self-report their state body satisfaction immediately following an exercise session and also when the PDA signalled at each of six random intervals throughout the day. Multilevel modelling revealed a bi-directional relationship between exercise and state body satisfaction. Moreover, post-exercise increases in state body satisfaction were strongest for in iduals who were younger and engaged in regular exercise, and weakest for in iduals with high BMI and/or the tendency to compare their appearance with others. These findings highlight potential limits on the efficacy of exercise-based therapy for body image disturbances.
Start Date: 2010
End Date: 2014
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2013
End Date: 2016
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2016
End Date: 2018
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2005
End Date: 2007
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2017
End Date: 2020
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2005
End Date: 2007
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2010
End Date: 2012
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2003
End Date: 2005
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2016
End Date: 2019
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2010
End Date: 2012
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2009
End Date: 2011
Funder: Australian Research Council
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