ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6483-2258
Current Organisation
University of Tasmania
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-08-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-07-2017
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 21-01-2020
DOI: 10.1155/2020/7025738
Abstract: Objectives . Early antiretroviral therapy (ART), isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), and isoniazid-rifapentine (3HP) are effective strategies for preventing tuberculosis (TB) among people living with HIV (PLHIV). The study aimed to determine the effect of IPT on the TB incidence, follow-up CD4 + T cells, and all-cause mortality rate. Participants . Eligible patients on ART ( n = 1, 863) were categorized into one-to-two ratios of exposed groups to IPT ( n = 621) and nonexposed groups to IPT ( n = 1, 242). Exposed groups entered the cohort at their first prescription of IPT, and unexposed groups entered into the study at the first prescription of ART and then followed until the occurrence of the outcome or date of administrative censoring (June 30, 2017). The outcome endpoints were TB incidence, follow-up CD4 + T cells, and all-cause mortality rate. Results . The follow-up CD4 + T cells for the exposed and nonexposed groups were 405.74 and 366.95 cells/mm (World Health Organization (WHO), 2017), respectively, a statistically significant finding ( t 1861 = −3.770, p 0.0001 Cohen’s d = 0.186). Nine percent of the exposed patients (620 incidence of TB per 100,000 person-years (PYs)) and 21.9% of the nonexposed patients (3160 incidence of TB per 100,000 PYs) developed TB. Mortality rate (per 100,000 PYs) was 440 for the exposed and 1490 for the unexposed patients. Statistically significant determinants of the all-cause mortality were unscheduled follow-up (AHR = 1.601 95% CI: 1.154–2.222) and unable to work properly (AHR = 2.324 95% CI: 1.643–3.288). Conclusion . This study demonstrates the effect of IPT in reducing incidence of TB and all-cause mortality rate and improving follow-up CD4 + T cells. Promoting IPT use can help to achieve the TB eradicating national agenda in Ethiopia.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 31-05-2020
DOI: 10.1155/2020/3495165
Abstract: Background . The overall well-being, sense of stigmatization, and treatment outcome of persons with vitiligo are largely dependent on their social acceptance and this is linked with perception and attitude of this disease in a given population. Therefore, this study assessed the knowledge and attitude of the public towards vitiligo. Methods . A cross-sectional survey was carried out using a self-reported questionnaire distributed to adults living in Mekelle city, Northern Ethiopia from August to November 2019. In iduals who were 18 to 65 years of age and not suffering from vitiligo were included in the study. A self-administered questionnaire that contains a demographic, knowledge, and attitudes parts was used to collect data. Data were entered using Epi Data® version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS® version 21. Results . Of the total 368 subjects, 300 completed the questionnaires giving 81.5% response rate. The mean age was 30 ± 8.3 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1.14 : 1. Friends or families were reported as the most common source of information (70%) about vitiligo. The overall vitiligo knowledge was sufficient in 68.3% of the participants. Higher vitiligo-related knowledge scores were recorded by people older than 30 and below 50, those of secondary school graduated or more, urban-dwellers, persons who had heard about vitiligo, and persons having families or friends affected by vitiligo. Attitudes towards vitiligo were positive in 43.3% of participants. This was more prevalent among employed persons, those of secondary school graduated or more, and persons having families or friends affected by vitiligo. Moreover, sufficient knowledge was significantly related to positive attitudes towards the disease ( p 0.0001 ). Conclusion . Even though the majority of the respondents had sufficient knowledge, we still found misconceptions and negative attitudes towards vitiligo. Therefore, it is still crucial to educate the public about vitiligo to ultimately improve the well-being of patients with vitiligo.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-11-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-35906-2
Abstract: Epilepsy is a major public health problem worldwide. Despite multiple drug therapies, people with epilepsy continue to have frequent seizures. There is a dearth of data on epilepsy treatment outcome and associated factors in our setting. Therefore, the aim of this was to assess treatment outcome and associated factors among epileptic patients on follow up at the neurologic clinic of Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected epileptic patients. Data were collected through patient interview and review of medical records. Epilepsy treatment outcome was evaluated in terms of seizure control status in the last one year follow up period. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of treatment outcome. A total of 270 patients were included. Of whom, 46.6% had controlled seizures. Whereas, 38.5%, 8.8%, and 5.9% had experienced seizure attacks 1–5 times, 6–10 times, and greater than 10 times, respectively. Alcohol consumption [adjusted odds ratio [(AOR): 14.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.25–68.11], negative medication belief [AOR: 3.0, 95%CI: 1.31–6.71], low medication adherence [AOR:11.52, 95%CI: 3.25–40.82], and presence of comorbidities [AOR: 10.35, 95%CI: 4.40–24.40] were predictors of uncontrolled seizure. Our finding revealed that more than half of the epileptic patients had uncontrolled seizure. Epileptic patients with a negative medication belief, comorbidities, low medication adherence, and those who consume alcohol were more likely to have uncontrolled seizure. Therefore, more emphasis should be given to these patients.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1136/EMERMED-2021-211660
Abstract: Pharmacists have an increasing role as part of the emergency department (ED) team. However, the impact of ED-based pharmacy interventions on the quality use of medicines has not been well characterised. This systematic review aimed to synthesise evidence from studies examining the impact of interventions provided by pharmacists on the quality use of medicines in adults presenting to ED. A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. Two independent reviewers screened titles/abstracts and reviewed full texts. Studies that compared the impact of interventions provided by pharmacists with usual care in ED and reported medication-related primary outcomes were included. Cochrane Risk of Bias-2 and Newcastle-Ottawa tools were used to assess the risk of bias. Summary estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis, along with sensitivity and sub-group analyses. Thirty-one studies involving 13 242 participants were included. Pharmacists were predominantly involved in comprehensive medication review, advanced pharmacotherapy assessment, staff and patient education, identification of medication discrepancies and drug-related problems, medication prescribing and co-prescribing, and medication preparation and administration. The activities reduced the number of medication errors by a mean of 0.33 per patient (95% CI −0.42 to −0.23, I 2 =51%) and the proportion of patients with at least one error by 73% (risk ratio (RR)=0.27, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.40, I 2 =85.3%). The interventions were also associated with more complete and accurate medication histories, increased appropriateness of prescribed medications by 58% (RR=1.58, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.06, I 2 =95%) and quicker initiation of time-critical medications. The evidence indicates improved quality use of medicines when pharmacists are included in ED care teams. CRD42020165234.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 25-02-2021
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 05-05-2020
DOI: 10.1155/2020/5474103
Abstract: Background . Early initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) decreases human immunodeficiency virus- (HIV-) related complications, restores patients’ immunity, decreases viral load, and substantially improves quality of life. However, antiretroviral treatment failure considerably impedes the merits of HAART. Objective . This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of immunologic and clinical antiretroviral treatment failure. Methods . A cross-sectional study design using clinical and immunologic treatment failure definition was used to conduct the study. Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical features of patients were retrieved from patients’ medical registry between the years 2009 and 2015. All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria in the study period were studied. Predictors of treatment failure were identified using Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox regression analysis. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21 software, and the level of statistical significance was declared at a p value 0.05. Results . A total of 770 were studied. The prevalence of treatment failure was 4.5%. The AZT-based regimen ( AHR = 16.95 , 95% CI: 3.02-95.1, p = 0.001 ), baseline CD4 count ≥ 301 ( AHR = 0.199 , 95% CI: 0.05-0.76, p = 0.018 ), and bedridden during HAART initiation ( AHR = 0.131 , 95% CI: 0.029-0.596, p = 0.009 ) were the predictors of treatment failure. Conclusion . The prevalence of treatment failure was lower with the risk being higher among patients on the AZT-based regimen. On the other hand, the risk of treatment failure was lower among patients who started HAART at baseline CD4 count ≥ 301 and patients who were bedridden during HAART initiation. We recommend further prospective, multicenter cohort studies to be conducted to precisely detect the prevalence of treatment failure using viral load determination in the whole country.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1155/2018/4536905
Abstract: Background . Antimicrobial drug resistance is a global threat for treatment of infectious diseases and costs life and money and threatens health delivery system’s effectiveness. The resistance of E. coli to frequently utilized antimicrobial drugs is becoming a major challenge in Ethiopia. However, there is no inclusive countrywide study. Therefore, this study intended to assess the prevalence of E. coli resistance and antimicrobial-specific resistance pattern among E. coli clinical isolates in Ethiopia. Methods . Articles were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and grey literature from 2007 to 2017. The main outcome measures were overall E. coli and drug-specific resistance patterns. A random-effects model was used to determine pooled prevalence with 95% confidence interval (CI), using DerSimonian and Laird method. In addition, subgroup analysis was conducted to improve the outcome. The study bias was assessed by Begg’s funnel plot. This study was registered in PROSPERO as follows: PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017070106. Results . Of 164 articles retrieved, 35 articles were included. A total of 19,235 study s les participated in the studies and 2,635 E. coli strains were isolated. Overall, E. coli antibacterial resistance was 45.38% (95% confidence interval (CI): 33.50 to 57.27). The resistance pattern ranges from 62.55% in Addis Ababa to 27.51% in Tigray region. The highest resistance of E. coli reported was to icillin (83.81%) and amoxicillin (75.79%), whereas only 13.55% of E. coli isolates showed resistance to nitrofurantoin. Conclusion . E. coli antimicrobial resistance remains high with disparities observed among regions. The bacterium was found to be highly resistant to aminopenicillins. The finding implies the need for effective prevention strategies for the E. coli drug resistance and calls for multifaceted approaches with full involvement of all stakeholders.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-10-2018
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 30-04-2018
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 28-08-2017
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 26-06-2019
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-04-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-08-2016
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2016
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-01-2023
Abstract: Medication errors are more prevalent in settings with acutely ill patients and heavy workloads, such as in an emergency department (ED). A pragmatic, controlled study compared partnered pharmacist medication charting (PPMC) (pharmacist-documented best-possible medication history [BPMH] followed by clinical discussion between a pharmacist and medical officer to co-develop a treatment plan and chart medications) with early BPMH (pharmacist-documented BPMH followed by medical officer-led traditional medication charting) and usual care (traditional medication charting approach without a pharmacist-collected BPMH in ED). Medication discrepancies were undocumented differences between medication charts and medication reconciliation. An expert panel assessed the discrepancies’ clinical significance, with ‘unintentional’ discrepancies deemed ‘errors’. Fewer patients in the PPMC group had at least one error (3.5% 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1% to 5.8%) than in the early BPMH (49.4% 95% CI: 42.5% to 56.3%) and usual care group (61.4% 95% CI: 56.3% to 66.7%). The number of patients who need to be treated with PPMC to prevent at least one high/extreme error was 4.6 (95% CI: 3.4 to 6.9) and 4.0 (95% CI: 3.1 to 5.3) compared to the early BPMH and usual care group, respectively. PPMC within ED, incorporating interdisciplinary discussion, reduced clinically significant errors compared to early BPMH or usual care.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-03-2018
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1155/2017/1683430
Abstract: Background . The possible sequel of poorly controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) includes treatment failure, unnecessary medication use, and economic burden on patients with glaucoma. Objective . To assess the impact of adherence and instillation technique on IOP control. Methods . A cross-sectional study was conducted on 359 glaucoma patients in Menelik II Hospital from June 1 to July 31, 2015. After conducting a Q-Q analysis, multiple binary logistic analyses, linear regression analyses, and two-tailed paired t-test were conducted to compare IOP in the baseline versus current measurements. Results . Intraocular pressure was controlled in 59.6% of the patients and was relatively well controlled during the study period (mean ( M ) = 17.911 mmHg, standard deviation ( S ) = 0.323) compared to the baseline ( M = 20.866 mmHg, S = 0.383 , t (358) = −6.70, p 0.0001 ). A unit increase in the administration technique score resulted in a 0.272 mmHg decrease in IOP ( p = 0.03 ). Moreover, primary angle-closure glaucoma (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.347, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.144–0.836) and two medications (AOR = 1.869, 95% CI: 1.259–9.379) were factors affecting IOP. Conclusion . Good instillation technique of the medications was correlated with a reduction in IOP. Consequently, regular assessment of the instillation technique and IOP should be done for better management of the disease.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2020
DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S267145
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-01-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-06-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-11-2018
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 04-07-2018
DOI: 10.1155/2018/4910962
Abstract: Background . Lipodystrophy is one of the clinical complications of insulin injection that affects insulin absorption and leads to poor glycemic control. Objective . To assess insulin-induced lipodystrophy and glycemic control. Methods . A cross sectional study was done on 176 diabetic children and adolescents who inject insulin for a minimum of one year. First, anthropometric and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded in questionnaire, and then observation and palpation techniques were used in assessing lipodystrophy. Result . Out of the total 176 participants, 103 (58.5%) had insulin-induced lipodystrophy, of them 100 (97.1%) had lipohypertrophy and 3 (2.9%) had lipoatrophy. Being younger, failure to rotate the injection site every week and multiple reuse of insulin syringe had significant influence in development of insulin-induced lipohypertrophy. Lipohypertrophy in turn was associated with the use of higher dose of insulin and nonoptimal glycemic control. Conclusion . Findings of this study revealed that in spite of using recombinant human insulin, the magnitude of the lipohypertrophy still remained high. Therefore, a routine workup of insulin-injecting patients for such complication is necessary, especially in the in iduals who have a nonoptimal glycemic control.
No related grants have been discovered for Tesfay Mehari Atey.