ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5858-8634
Current Organisation
University of Melbourne
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In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Policy and Administration | Public Administration | Public Policy | Public Policy | Public Administration | Australian Government And Politics | Australian Government and Politics | Other Studies in Human Society | Psychological Methodology, Design And Analysis | Comparative Government and Politics | Natural Language Processing | Comparative Government And Politics | Sociology | Sociological Methodology And Research Methods | Social Policy And Planning | Studies In Human Society Not Elsewhere Classified
Public services management | Public Services Policy Advice and Analysis | Civics and citizenship | Studies in human society | Employment Services | Management and productivity issues not elsewhere classified | Employment | Higher education | Political science and public policy | Government and politics not elsewhere classified | Behavioural and cognitive sciences | Government and Politics not elsewhere classified | Other social development and community services |
Publisher: Editora Blucher
Date: 12-2021
DOI: 10.5151/EAD2021-112
Publisher: Policy Press
Date: 24-05-2023
Publisher: Unpublished
Date: 2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-09-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2003
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-1989
DOI: 10.1111/J.1834-7819.1989.TB03007.X
Abstract: Refractory chronic periodontitis of 16 patients was treated by root planing and adjunctive tetracycline hydrochloride therapy. The antibiotic was taken orally one hour before root planing and continued for six days at a dosage of 250 mg six hourly. The clinical data for each patient were recorded as the number of probing depths in each of the 1-3 mm, 4-6 mm and 7-10 mm ranges. The Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) procedure for repeated measurements was used to analyse the data. The results demonstrated that the number of sites with probing depths of 4-6 mm and 7-10 mm associated with incisors, canines, premolars and molars decreased with a corresponding increase in the number of sites in the 1-3 mm range. Incisor and canine teeth showed a better response to treatment than premolars, which responded better than molars. The cases were followed for varying periods of time from six months to two years following antibiotic therapy. The probing depth reduction achieved following root planing and tetracycline hydrochloride therapy was maintained during this review period.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 05-12-2014
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 05-12-2015
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 08-04-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1987
DOI: 10.1111/J.1834-7819.1987.TB01296.X
Abstract: To evaluate the short-term effect of fangchinoline, an antiinflammatory drug widely used in Asia, on root resorption that is associated with orthodontic tooth movement. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly ided into 6 groups. Mesial forces of 0, 50, or 100 g were applied to the maxillary first molar of the rats in each group for 14 days by activating nickel-titanium closed-coil springs. One-half of the rats receiving each of these treatments also received injections of 200 µL fangchinoline every 2 days. Finally, movement of the maxillary first molars was measured using digitized radiographs. The molars were extracted and the surfaces of the root resorption craters were recorded using a scanning electron microscope. The distance the molars moved and resorptionarea ratio was measured, and results were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA tests. There were no statistical differences in the distances the first molars moved under 50 or 100 g force, regardless of treatment with fangchinoline. However, the resorption area ratios were significantly smaller in those rats that were treated with both tension and fangchinoline than in those rats treated by tension alone. Fangchinoline reduced the resorption area ratio in rats and is therefore an important means of alleviating root resorption.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/PY04045
Abstract: Partnerships have become a widespread tool for coordinating the disconnected components of primary health care. They are based on network modes of governing which are seen as less susceptible to power disparities and as being more democratic than hierarchies, and more inclusive and egalitarian than markets. This paper examines whether government mandated partnerships, which mix network characteristics with aspects of hierarchies and markets, can contribute to ameliorating the effects of inequities and their impacts on health. Partnerships have benefits but are complicated and time consuming. They have theoretical appeal in addressing health problems which require solutions that reach beyond traditional health boundaries to be more interconnected and inclusive. Evaluations of partnerships in the UK indicate their substantial coordination benefits. But reducing the impact of inequities also requires shifting to a conception of health that emphasises the social and environmental context. This is the case even where partnerships have political support and health inequalities are on the agenda. Partnerships are not a quick fix, but they are a necessary component of tackling the impacts of inequities on health. They create possibilities for reducing the impacts of inequities on health by providing a platform on which additional measures can be built.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-07-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1998
DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-842X.1998.TB01417.X
Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of the main policy and organisational issues confronting dental health systems in Japan and Australia. Using the changes in the epidemiology of dental disease (the oral disease which still affects much of public dental health planning) as evidence of fundamental differences in the dental health systems of the two countries, the analysis seeks to illuminate, first, the structures and processes in both nations to review and implement changes to educational practices and workforce planning and, second, the constraints on each nation's capability to respond quickly and appropriately to the changing dental health needs. It is argued that Japan's ability to rapidly change its oral health outcomes, its dental educational system and its traditional workforce structure and service-mix, is more constrained than appears to be the case in the Australian dental system. The major barriers to Japan's ability to change appear to lie in both its traditional cultural decision-making processes and in a series of specific health and educational structures which place high reliance on a private educational system for health providers, a national insurance system which rewards treatment under a fee-for-service reimbursement scheme and the lack of a formal, transparent, infra-structure for planning health priorities. Barriers to Australia achieving culturally appropriate oral health outcomes for the next century appear more related to whether national unity in goal setting and implementation strategies can be achieved. The constraints in Australia are related to its federal system and to the low priority given to financing public dental services.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2012
Abstract: Over the last few decades accountability has accommodated an increasing number of different political, legal and administrative goals. This article focuses on the administrative aspect of accountability and explores the potential perils of a shift from performance measurement to learning. While this is inherently positive in its intentions, we argue that it might constitute a new source of government overload. We propose four explanations for why this may be so. First, a learning approach is more likely to supplement than replace performance management. Second, more rather than less data will be needed to comply with accountability requirements, because of the first point. Third, the costs of compliance are likely to increase because learning requires more participation and dialogue. Fourth, accountability as learning may generate a ‘change for the sake of change’ mentality, creating further government overload. We conclude with some comments on limiting the undesirable consequences of such a move. Points for practitioners Public administrators need to identify and weigh the (human, political and economic) benefits and costs of accountability regimes. While output-focused performance measurement regimes increase transparency and improve value for money in many cases, there are also undesirable side-effects. Accountability regimes attuned to learning appear conducive to quality improvement, but may also become new sources of government overload. This article examines the potential problems of such a move, and considers how these possible perils might be limited by managers and practitioners. Public managers must ask themselves just how much accountability is actually necessary. More specifically, they may want to delimit the scope of the accountability regimes employed, undertake a cost–benefit evaluation of these, and consult those subjected to such regimes, in order to ensure a suitable design.
Publisher: Bristol University Press
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1332/030557319X15579230420126
Abstract: The attention for applying design-oriented approaches in public administration has increased significantly. Applying design is seen as a promising way to deal with wicked problems and create more responsive policies and services. We aim to contribute to the debate on the value of design for public administration and the development of the latter into a design science by conducting a systematic literature review into the empirical applications of design. We analyse the goals, processes and outcomes of 92 empirical studies. Based upon this we distil six design approaches, varying from traditional scientific and informational approaches to innovative, user-driven and thus more ‘inspirational’ approaches. The more traditional (science-driven) approaches still dominate the field. The impact of these types of studies is correspondingly low. We argue that further developing and refining the whole range of design approaches can foster both the scientific rigour and the societal relevance of a design-oriented public administration.
Publisher: ANU Press
Date: 30-04-2019
DOI: 10.22459/SPP.2019.05
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-10-2005
Abstract: The last decade has witnessed a significant move towards new modes of governing that are based on coordination and collaboration. In particular, local level partnerships have been widely introduced around the world. There are few comprehensive approaches for researching the effects of these partnerships. The aim of this paper is to outline a network approach that combines structure and agency based explanations to research partnerships in health. Network research based on two Primary Care Partnerships (PCPs) in Victoria is used to demonstrate the utility of this approach. The paper examines multiple types of ties between people (structure), and the use and value of relationships to partners (agency), using interviews with the people involved in two PCPs – one in metropolitan Melbourne and one in a rural area. Network maps of ties based on work, strategic information and policy advice, show that there are many strong connections in both PCPs. Not surprisingly, PCP staff are central and highly connected. Of more interest are the ties that are dependent on these dedicated partnership staff, as they reveal which actors become weakly linked or disconnected without them. Network measures indicate that work ties are the most dispersed and strategic information ties are the most concentrated around fewer people. Divisions of general practice are weakly linked, while local government officials and Department of Human Services (DHS) regional staff appear to play important bridging roles. Finally, the relationships between partners have changed and improved, and most of those interviewed value their new or improved links with partners. Improving service coordination and health promotion planning requires engaging people and building strong relationships. Mapping ties is a useful means for assessing the strengths and weaknesses of partnerships, and network analysis indicates concentration and dispersion, the importance of particular in iduals, and the points at which they will fragment. A narrative approach adds an assessment of whether the partnerships are being used and valued. The approach outlined here, which examines structure and agency as separate but related explanations, has much to offer in examining partnerships.
Publisher: Bristol University Press
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1332/030557319X15579230420063
Abstract: In recent years, design approaches to policymaking have gained popularity among policymakers. However, a critical reflection on their added value and on how contemporary ‘design-thinking’ approaches relates to the classical idea of public administration as a design science, is still lacking. This introductory paper reflects upon the use of design approaches in public administration. We delve into the more traditional ideas of design as launched by Simon and policy design, but also into the present-day design wave, stemming from traditional design sciences. Based upon this we distinguish between three ideal-type approaches of design currently characterising the discipline: design as optimisation, design as exploration and design as co-creation. More rigorous empirical analyses of applications of these approaches is necessary to further develop public administration as a design science. We reflect upon the question of how a more designerly way of thinking can help to improve public administration and public policy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1997
DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-842X.1997.TB01682.X
Abstract: Public dental clinics play an important role in delivering dental services to Australian adults on low incomes. Our objective was to compare the accessibility of and client satisfaction with the two main types of public dental service providers in Victoria and with private practice services. Clients attending the Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne, Northcote Community Health Centre and private practices in Melbourne were surveyed. The hospital's clients faced the greatest ecological and organisational obstacles, while private clients faced the greatest financial and desirability obstacles. Community centre clients faced fewer ecological and organisational obstacles than hospital clients, with the exception of long waiting times. Private practice clients were more satisfied overall, and had better continuity of care. Private practice clients were more satisfied with access, availability and convenience than community centre clients, who in turn were more satisfied than hospital clients. There was no distinction between private practice and hospital clients on satisfaction with 'pain and treatment', but community centre clients were less satisfied. There was no significant difference between client group evaluations of interaction with the dentist. Regardless of the effects of the Commonwealth Dental Health Program, distinctions between various service types and public clinic types are likely to remain, because of their different settings. The contrast between a central hospital and a community health centre, in terms of the ecological and organisational obstacles to care, points to the advantages of putting dental services close to the communities they serve.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1999
DOI: 10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00341-4
Abstract: The filtering of potential policy issues from a large range of possibilities to a relatively small list of agenda items allows the organisation of power and influence within a policy sector to be examined. This study investigated power and influence in health policy agenda-setting in one State of Australia (Victoria) in the years 1991, 1992 and 1993. The actors seen as influential were predominantly medically trained and working in academia, health bureaucracies and public teaching hospitals. This research supports an elite model of health policy agenda-setting, in which outcomes are dependent on the structured interests within the policy field. However, while the corporate elite of the profession is influential, the frontline service providers are not, as indicated by the location of influentials in large and prestigious organisations. Politicians and professional associations and unions are less well represented, and consumer and community groups are virtually absent. In 1993 there was a sharp increase in economists being nominated as influentials, with a subsequent decrease in influentials with medical training. This relates to a (perceived or real) shift in influence from the medical profession to senior health bureaucrats. Economic concerns appear to be shaping the visible health policy agenda, through an increased number of influentials with economics training, but also through an apparent ability to shape the issues that other influentials are adding as agenda items. The corporate elite of medicine remains powerful, but their range of concerns has been effectively limited to cost containment or cost reduction, better planning and efficiency. This limiting of concerns occurs within an international policy context, where the general trends of globalisation and an emphasis on neo-liberal economics impact on the direction of health policy in in idual countries.
Publisher: CAIRN
Date: 17-12-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-12-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2000
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2010
DOI: 10.1177/138826271001200407
Abstract: This study examines the impact of adminstrative reforms upon the work of frontline staff in the employment services of three refrom-oriented countries – Australia, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. These changes have involved greater use of private agents, more detailed performance contracts, clearer expectations about outcomes for job-seekers, and increased competition between agencies seeking government work. The study compares the work characteristics and strategies of front-line staff in agencies in the three systems in 2008 and a decade earlier, using surveys. The results show that there are substantial differences in the level of tailoring and investment in these countries. There are three relatively stable modes of governance in these cases and the most stable of these types across countries and across time is what we term the corporate-market mode – more generally labelled New Public Management (NPM). Despite the expectations of theorists and of reformers, the role of network governance proves neither as stable nor as generalised as expected.
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 25-04-2023
Publisher: LIPSE Project (Work Package 1)
Date: 2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-05-2019
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-07-2021
DOI: 10.1080/14494035.2021.1965379
Abstract: Policy tools are a critical part of policy-making, providing the ‘means’ by which policy ‘ends’ are achieved. Knowledge of their different origin, nature and capabilities is vital for understanding policy formulation and decision-making, and they have been the subject of inquiry in many policy-related disciplines and sector-specific studies. Yet many crucial aspects of policy tools remain unexplored. Existing studies on policy tools used in policy formulation tend to focus on ‘substantive’ tools – those used to directly affect policy outcomes such as regulation or subsidies – and largely neglect ‘procedural’ tools used to indirectly but significantly affect policy processes and outcomes. A key aim of this special issue is to fill this knowledge gap in the field. This article introduces the issue by establishing that procedural tools play a more determining role in public policy-making than is generally acknowledged and deserve a more systematic inquiry into their workings, their impact on the policy process and the organization and delivery of public and private goods and services.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-10-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-09-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2001
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1988
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0528.1988.TB01754.X
Abstract: Increasing numbers of women are entering the once male-dominated dental profession in Australia. Determining what differences exist in the practice of dentistry between male and female dentists has therefore become an important task. The purpose of the present study was to examine differences in practice between male and female dentists. Data were available from a weighted, stratified random s le of 730 dentists (486 male and 294 female dentists) in each State or Territory of Australia. Using discriminant analysis age, practice setting, number of other dentists in the practice, inputs to the practice of dentistry either hired, acquired or contributed, direct demand and community size were all found significant in separating male and female dentists. It was more difficult to separate younger male and female dentists, indicating some convergence between the sexes. However, some differences persisted. Possible reasons for the differences are discussed and some implications noted.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 08-12-2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-07-2018
Abstract: The need to understand innovation in public sector environments is growing. There is also a need to build theory, test it empirically and compare across jurisdictions. This article aims to understand the factors that have an impact on innovation capacity. It examines the self-rated innovation capacity of three European city governments – Barcelona, Copenhagen and Rotterdam – in regard to innovation drivers (structures, processes and contextual factors), external networking (levels of communication outside the municipality) and leadership qualities. Results from an online survey of senior administrators in the cities ( n = 323) was used to empirically analyse the relationships between these using a structural equation model. Leadership has a stronger effect than innovation drivers and external networking on self-rated innovation capacity for these three city governments. Public sector innovation is a very important topic for public managers as the expectations on government agencies increase. Innovation capacity is related to innovation drivers and barriers, the amount of contact that in iduals have with others outside their organization, and leadership. This empirical study of three cities shows that leadership has a bigger effect on innovation capacity than the structures, processes and contextual factors that drive innovation, as well as the amount of external contact that public managers have outside their organizations. In addition, for Barcelona and Copenhagen, the network governance and transformational types have the biggest effect on innovation, while for Rotterdam, it is the entrepreneurial type followed by the network governance type.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1989
DOI: 10.1111/J.1834-7819.1989.TB04643.X
Abstract: The appropriateness of dental manpower has become a great uncertainty in the changing practice of dentistry. This paper presents research on the requirement for and supply of dental services in Victoria between 1984 and 1996. The requirement for dental services was found to be increasing due to population growth and higher per capita demand due to decreased endentulism. The supply of dental services was found to be mildly decreasing due to balanced supplementation and attrition processes and subtle sex ratio and age distribution changes among dentists. The resulting market excess, even after consideration of idle capacity and transfer of services supplied to dental therapists, provides a marked contrast to many, but not all, developed countries. It also offers an opportunity to shape occupational and specialty distribution to the advantage of dental professions and the public.
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.2307/40111382
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Date: 2015
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 21-03-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-05-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-1996
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0528.1996.TB00809.X
Abstract: Central to the evaluation of any dental health programme is the dental status of the population it serves. The DMFT index has been widely used to indicate dental status in evaluations, however, there are a number of characteristics of the DMFT index which undermine its value in evaluating programmes. The aim of this study was to compare DMFT, five utility weighted versions of this index, and single measures of caries experience, in order to determine their relative validity. The indices were investigated in terms of two criteria: 1) the percentage of variance explained by a set of antecedent and behavioural variables in a series of multiple regression analyses and 2) percentage changes in the indices following re-examination of the population after five years. Results show that the variance explained by the different composite indices ranged between 29% and 46%, while it varied between 16% and 49% for the single measures. The size of percentage changes after five years ranged between 0% and 4.5%), and indicated that utility weighted indices were generally not more sensitive than the DMFT, but that some single measures were. Where composite indices are required, a full quality adjusted tooth years (QATY) approach, rather than utility weighting the DMFT index, may be required to improve the validity of dental health status indicators. Single rather than composite measures also provide valid information for evaluating dental programmes.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 10-02-2012
DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198805465.013.25
Abstract: The integrity and accountability research agenda in Australia has been primarily concerned with the problem of corruption in public life. This chapter provides an overview of this scholarship, including its central concepts and motivations, and develops the argument that the anti-corruption research agenda has been heavily influenced by public debates about corruption. Therefore, as the problem of corruption (and, just as importantly, the perceptions of this problem) has changed in form, so too has the focus of anti-corruption research. The chapter tracks the development of this literature against the backdrop of the practical history of corruption in Australia. The author argues that in recent years there has been a significant shift towards a more politicized and less bureaucratic understanding of corruption. This break from the past has serious implications for how corruption might be effectively confronted in the future.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-11-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-1989
DOI: 10.1111/J.1834-7819.1989.TB03008.X
Abstract: An understanding of the current service-mix in private general practice in Australia and the factors that may influence its distribution is important in the anticipation of the future practice of dentistry. The present study aimed to describe service-mix, to investigate the association of service-mix with characteristics of presenting patients, and to identify and discuss a number of factors which may be influencing change in service-mix. Service-mix was dominated by restorative, diagnostic and preventive services and a limited number of services accounted for most service provision or dentist time. Both the broad areas of service and more frequently provided services were related to age of presenting patients. Service-mix appears to be changing over time. Changing needs and expectations of patients and philosophies and technologies available to dentists are among factors that push or pull service-mix in new directions. However, changing service-mix and practitioner variation require considerably more exploration.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2012
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-07-2021
DOI: 10.1080/14494035.2021.1975217
Abstract: This paper considers the link between policy tools and governance modes – the characteristic ways frontline staff are meta-governed. It asks: Are substantive policy tools coupled to procedural tools (governance modes) that can guide local service delivery agencies and the work of in iduals delivering welfare services? The substantive policy tools in this case are those typically utilised to reform welfare-to-work services: contracting-out of services and competitive tendering, and the regulation of quasi-markets. These are hypothesised to flow through to procedural policy tools in the form of corporate and market incentives and regulatory (bureaucratic) methods that shape how work is done (governance modes), privileging certain practice orientations at the frontline. Policy makers seek to shape these meta-level governance modes because they should result in systemic change, based on a reconfiguration of policy actors and their interrelationships, for both service delivery agencies and the in iduals working in them. We identified four ideal-type governance modes (bureaucratic, corporate, market and network) and tracked which of these were dominant in-practice at the frontline in Australia and the UK at two levels: office and personal, at four points in time (1998, 2008, 2012 and 2016). We found that the dominant mode of organisation at the office level was corporate, followed by bureaucratic in both nations. But the bureaucratic mode had grown in strength over time, particularly in Australia, and as a personal priority for staff, as re-regulation occurred. The results indicate a coupling between substantive policy tools and governance modes at the frontline of welfare-to-work.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-01-2023
Abstract: Innovation has joined the mainstream in many nations as governments search for new ways to tackle challenging societal and economic problems. But Australia is seen to be lagging on innovation policy. Is this related to how governments define innovation? What do they regard as the problem they are addressing? What proposed solutions follow from this? This paper examines how Australian governments have defined innovation over four decades, signalling their policy intentions about how to make the nation more innovative. Definitions of innovation are analysed using 79 Australian (national level) policy documents published from 1976 to 2019. Close reading of these documents suggests two main definitions: innovation as technology, and innovation as culture. Topic modelling uncovers more differentiated themes, shows how definitions change over time, and demonstrates an association between definitions and political parties in government. The ergent approaches suggest a lack of coherence and continuity to policy on innovation in Australia. Innovation has expanded and broadened in its definition and governments and policymakers have paid increasing attention to it. In Australia, there are two main definitions of innovation used in policy—one related to technology and one related to culture. The technology view of innovation can be further ided into a focus on businesses or a focus on research and development (R& D). Different innovation definitions, problems, and solutions dominate at different times, with Coalition governments tending to favour business and technology over culture, and Labor governments doing the opposite. There are ergent approaches to policy on innovation in Australia which suggest a lack of coherence and consistency in policy over the long term.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-02-1988
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.1988.TB00569.X
Abstract: Elevated pulse pressure (PP) is associated with cognitive decline and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in older adults, although the mechanisms behind these associations remain unclear. To address this question, we examined whether antemortem late-life PP elevation predicted vascular or AD pathology in autopsy-confirmed AD patients. Sixty-five elderly patients (mean age 74.2 years) clinically diagnosed with possible or probable AD underwent neuropsychological testing and blood pressure examinations. Postmortem histopathological measures of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and AD neuropathology were later obtained on these same patients. We expected that antemortem PP elevation, but not standard blood pressure measures such as systolic or diastolic blood pressure, would predict the autopsy-based presence of CVD, and possibly AD pathology, in elderly AD patients. Results demonstrated that antemortem PP elevation was associated with the presence and severity of CVD at autopsy. For every 5 mmHg increase in antemortem PP there was an estimated 36% increase in the odds of having CVD at autopsy. Additionally, PP accounted for 12% of variance in CVD severity. No significant associations were present for cerebral amyloid angiopathy or Braak and Braak staging of the severity of AD pathology. Other standard blood pressure measures also did not significantly predict neuropathology. The association between antemortem PP and CVD at autopsy suggests that in older adults with AD, PP elevation may increase the risk of CVD. These findings may have treatment implications since some antihypertensive medications specifically address the pulsatile component of blood pressure (e.g., renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, calcium channel blockers).
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-04-2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2002
DOI: 10.1258/135581902320176313
Abstract: To understand how general (family) practice is being redefined and is redefining itself, from the perspective of policy elites, and to build an analytical framework. Politicians, senior bureaucrats and executives of professional organisations were interviewed (1998-2000) about the impact of general practice reforms on the profession. The information gathered was thematically coded and used to advance an understanding of profession from an elite perspective. Four main aspects of profession were discussed by interviewees. These were cultural authority, profession& s authority, social authority and professional autonomy. The elites interviewed reported a potential challenge to the cultural authority of general practice in both countries through moves to redefine it as something broader. The profession& s authority was seen as having shifted, especially in Australia where new forms of representation for the profession have been established. Medicine was viewed variously as having its social authority challenged, maintained, or extended in the granting of expertise in health, and professional autonomy was regarded as having been restructured through policy change. Policy elites perceive that the authority and autonomy of general practitioners has changed but reform has not resulted in generalised losses for the profession. The framework developedhere, which employed aspects of profession that arose as major themes, proved useful for examining the redefinition of profession and for generating policy insights in regard to possibilities for change and likely impacts.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 13-01-2021
DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198805465.013.27
Abstract: Innovation has become an increasingly important public policy and public sector reform trend in Australia and in other nations as governments search for new ways to tackle challenging societal problems. Innovation follows on from other reform trends that have been argued about, implemented, and constantly updated (most notably the New Public Management) since the 1970s, but also has distinct attributes. This chapter examines the meaning of public sector innovation and explores how it differs to other approaches to public sector reform. It describes Australian innovation policy at the national level and examines two main varieties of it: innovation as technology, and innovation as culture. Australia’s approach to innovation policy has sometimes focused on in iduals (public servants), and at other times on public sector organizations and systems. Innovation labs/units, as one aspect of Australian public sector innovation policy, demonstrate Australia’s general alignment with international trends in this area of public policy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPOL.2009.03.012
Abstract: The WHO's 2002 global report, Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions proposes a comprehensive framework for health systems to meet the challenges posed by chronic conditions. This paper uses the policy environment component of the WHO framework as a lens through which to examine key informants' perspectives on the management and prevention of chronic conditions in rural and remote Aboriginal communities in Australia. Twenty one semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with a purposive s le of stakeholders, including senior commonwealth, state/territory and regional public servants and health service staff. All of the interviews were audio recorded, from which written summaries were produced. These summaries were then content analysed to build a composite picture of this area. The results indicate substantial success in developing national and sub-national strategies and refining funding and reporting arrangements. But much work remains to be done in strengthening partnerships, developing and retaining the workforce, and further shifting the focus from acute to chronic conditions. This paper provides a snapshot of the main policy issues, as identified by key informants, facing chronic disease management in rural and remote Indigenous communities in Australia. It has the potential to contribute to new national policy directions in Indigenous health.
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Date: 2015
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 14-04-2011
DOI: 10.1017/S0047279411000213
Abstract: In 1998, we were witnessing major changes in frontline social service delivery across the OECD and this was theorised as the emergence of a post-Fordist welfare state. Changes in public management thinking, known as New Public Management (NPM), informed this shift, as did public choice theory. A 1998 study of Australia's then partially privatised employment assistance sector provided an ideal place to test the impact of such changes upon actual service delivery. The study concluded that frontline staff behaviour did not meet all the expectations of a post-Fordist welfare state and NPM, although some signs of specialisation, flexibility and networking were certainly evident (Considine, 1999). Ten years on, in 2008, frontline staff working in Australia's now fully privatised employment sector participated in a repeat study. These survey data showed convergent behaviour on the part of the different types of employment agencies and evidence that flexibility had decreased. In fact, in the ten years between the two studies there was a marked increase in the level of routinisation and standardisation on the frontline. This suggests that the sector did not achieve the enhanced levels of flexibility so often identified as a desirable outcome of reform. Rather, agencies adopted more conservative practices over time in response to more detailed external regulation and more exacting internal business methods.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-05-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-07-2021
Abstract: Academics undertaking public policy research are committed to tackling interesting questions driven by curiosity, but they generally also want their research to have an impact on government, service delivery, or public debate. Yet our ability to capture the impact of this research is limited because impact is under‐theorised, and current systems of research impact evaluation do not allow for multiple or changing research goals. This article develops a conceptual framework for understanding, measuring, and encouraging research impact for those who seek to produce research that speaks to multiple audiences. The framework brings together message, medium, audience, engagement, impact, evaluation, and affordance within the logics of different fields. It sets out a new way of considering research goals, measurements, and incentives in an integrated way. By accounting for the logics of different fields, which encompass disciplinary, institutional, and intrinsic factors, the framework provides a new way of harnessing measurements and incentives towards fruitful learning about the contribution erse types of public policy research can make to wider impact.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-03-2018
Publisher: CAIRN
Date: 25-06-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00239-3
Abstract: Reforms in health care in the 1990s across industrialised nations have had profound consequences for the autonomy of general/family practitioners (GPs). Research suggests that the professional autonomy of GPs is declining across countries, related to policy reform processes and to challenges from other actors. Important questions remain, however, around appropriate ways to conceptualise autonomy, and about the perceptions that GPs themselves have of their autonomy. It is these questions in the context of more than a decade of general practice reform in Australia that are the focus of this paper. Using a multi-component model of autonomy, which separates out micro, meso and macro dimensions of autonomy, we undertook an analysis of 343 items on autonomy and reform collected from 3 key general practice journals. We argue that members of the GP community profess an enjoyment for general practice, and operate with an ideal of what it means to be a GP. However, the reform process is perceived to challenge this enjoyment and the ideal of professional practice. In particular, there exists uncertainty as to what it means to be a GP, with members of the GP community expressing a loss of control across important dimensions of autonomy. While numerically most discussion focused on control over earnings, the intensity of feeling was most evident around control over clinical practice. Our results suggest the importance of using a multi-component model of autonomy, as it allows for a nuanced analysis of the relationship between the reform process and autonomy. At the same time, however, our analysis indicates that it is also crucial to recognise autonomy is constituted by the interaction of these components.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 08-10-2013
Publisher: Bristol University Press
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1332/030557319X15579230420081
Abstract: Responding to the need for innovation, governments have begun experimenting with ‘design thinking’ approaches to reframe policy issues and generate and test new policy solutions. This paper examines what is new about design thinking and compares this to rational and participatory approaches to policymaking, highlighting the difference between their logics, foundations and the basis on which they ‘speak truth to power’. It then examines the impact of design thinking on policymaking in practice, using the ex le of public sector innovation (PSI) labs. The paper concludes that design thinking, when it comes in contact with power and politics, faces significant challenges, but that there are opportunities for design thinking and policymaking to work better together.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2010
DOI: 10.2190/HS.40.4.I
Abstract: The health of Aboriginal people is significantly worse than that of the rest of the Australian population. Aboriginal community-controlled health organizations live with uncertainty in terms of funding, and the amount of money spent on indigenous people through mainstream health services is less than that spent on the non-indigenous population, especially when the different needs of these two groups are taken into account. The Aboriginal population is small and widely dispersed, causing problems for policy and funding. This article provides an analysis of the network of health organizations in Victoria, with a specific focus on indigenous health, and analyzes the connections between mainstream and indigenous-specific health services. The research approach involved semi-structured interviews with informants from a range of health organizations within the state. This research illustrates the importance of Aboriginal community-controlled health organizations to the indigenous community. There is evidence that connections between the indigenous and mainstream health systems need to be further developed and strengthened to provide the indigenous population with a high-quality, culturally sensitive, and comprehensive health service.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-09-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0528.2012.00735.X
Abstract: In policy studies, an enduring research question is why some issues are taken seriously while others never become a central focus of policy making. This study aims to analyse the predecision stage of policy making and examines the position of oral health on the broader health policy agenda. A study of networks of influence in health policy in the state of Victoria (Australia) is used to examine the health policy agenda, and the position of oral health within the broader health policy agenda. Social network concepts were used to structure the data collection. Nominations of influential people were collected using a snowball method, followed by interviews with a selection of those nominated. Combining an assessment of who is seen to be influential with an examination of the issues they are interested in provides insights into how influence helps shape the policy agenda and how this changes over time. The study describes how oral health might become more central to the health policy agenda through deliberate strategies to change the network structure.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 05-2014
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2003
DOI: 10.1177/0004869003039001312
Abstract: Professional autonomy is a much-used concept which has operated with scant empirical attention directed at understanding its meaning among practitioners. This study investigates how General Practitioners (GPs) understand their professional autonomy, and what they perceive to be the main threats to it. Four focus groups were attended by 25 GPs in Melbourne. We found that GPs aspire to an ‘ideal type’ of professional who has the freedom to determine what is best for patients, but they believe their autonomy is threatened by financial constraints, greater accountability requirements, and more demanding patients. These findings reveal how GPs understand autonomy in their practice, and indicate that their concerns may have little to do with the deprofessionalization and proletarianization theses. Micro-level studies of GPs in the workplace, combined with greater understandings of different aspects of professional autonomy, appear useful in understanding how GPs’ work and autonomy is changing.
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 11-1999
DOI: 10.2307/3110295
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-051X.1994.TB00268.X
Abstract: The CPITN is used widely in estimating periodontal treatment needs and, in many cases also to make generalizations about periodontal disease. It is therefore imperative that the hierarchical scoring method used to allocate CPITN scores is validated, and that the presentation of CPITN data reflect the true distribution of periodontal conditions. Data from one study carried out in Melbourne, Australia and one in Jakarta, Indonesia were used to compare CPITN scores on a mouth, sextant and tooth basis. Clinical periodontal components were compared with CPITN scores to establish the validity of the CPITN hierarchical scoring method. The distributions of CPITN scores varied widely on a mouth, sextant and tooth basis, and CPITN scores frequently differed from those indicated by the periodontal components. It was concluded that CPITN data should be presented not only as the % of subjects with each score, but also as the % of sextants, and, if possible, the % of tooth sites with each CPITN score. It was also concluded that there is an advantage in measuring components (calculus and bleeding) as well as CPITN in order to limit the overestimation of treatment needs, particularly for anterior teeth.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2014
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/PY09001
Abstract: As we near the end of the first decade of the 21st century, the popularity of partnerships, as a clear signal of current policy fashion, and pre-eminent form of governance, shows few signs of waning. It is, therefore, timely to examine the policy and governance foundations that underpin partnerships, to demonstrate why partnerships have conceptual appeal in addressing contemporary governance challenges, how they work, and whether they represent a fundamentally different governance model in practice. Partnerships as a local manifestation of network governance are examined, and Primary Care Partnerships, established in Victoria in 2001, are used as an exemplar of one particular form of partnership. This paper asks questions about whether these partnerships display attributes of network governance, in relation to whether they deliver benefits such as strong interorganisational relationships, and whether policy is coproduced. Applying theories of governance and social network analytic concepts and tools to an examination of partnerships shows that centrally mandated and funded partnerships are hybrid forms, blending hierarchy, market and network governance elements. It also demonstrates that they do have network characteristics in terms of relationships and policy making.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 05-12-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1002/HPM.692
Abstract: General practice has been the subject of extensive reforms over the 1990s in Australia as elsewhere. Reforms have attempted to improve quality and contain the overall cost of health care, and have often been seen as reducing the autonomy of medical professionals. This paper examines the impact of financial constraints and incentives introduced during the 1990s on Australian GPs' perceptions of autonomy. An existing seven component definition of autonomy and six themes that emerged from reviewing publications were used to construct focus group questions. A total of 25 GPs participated in four focus groups. Those who participated believe that their financial autonomy has been diminished by policy changes and consumer expectations. They also perceive that their ability to control clinical decisions, which they regard as the most important aspect of professional autonomy, has been reduced along with financial autonomy. Organized medicine in Australia sees financial accountability and clinical decision making as polar opposites, and has continued to argue that fee-for-service payment is the only appropriate method of remuneration, despite increasing evidence that this does not guarantee clinical autonomy. Major changes to the financing of general practice in Australia are required to address the concerns of GPs, governments and patients.
Publisher: The Sax Institute
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/NB08063
Publisher: Bristol University Press
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-03-2012
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan UK
Date: 2011
Publisher: Policy Press
Date: 24-05-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 08-10-2021
DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198805465.001.0001
Abstract: The Oxford Handbook of Australian Politics is a comprehensive collection that considers Australia’s distinctive politics—both ancient and modern—at all levels and across many themes. It examines the factors that make Australian politics unique and interesting, while firmly placing these in the context of the nation’s Indigenous and imported heritage and global engagement. The book presents an account of Australian politics that recognizes and celebrates its inherent ersity by taking a thematic approach in six parts. The first theme addresses Australia’s unique inheritances, examining the development of its political culture in relation to the arrival of British colonists and their conflicts with First Nations peoples, as well as the resulting geopolitics. The second theme, improvization, focuses on Australia’s political institutions and how they have evolved. Place-making is then considered to assess how geography, distance, Indigenous presence, and migration shape Australian politics. Recurrent dilemmas centre on a range of complex, political problems and their influence on contemporary political practice. Politics, policy, and public administration cover how Australia has been a world leader in some respects, and a laggard in others when dealing with important policy challenges. The final theme, studying Australian politics, introduces some key areas in the study of Australian politics and identifies the strengths and shortcomings of the discipline. This Handbook is an opportunity for others to consider the nation’s unique politics from the perspective of leading and emerging scholars, and to gain a strong sense of its imperfections, its enduring challenges, and its strengths.
Publisher: Oxford University PressOxford
Date: 05-09-2019
DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198843719.003.0010
Abstract: Melbourne has been named the world’s most liveable city for almost a decade on a number of global rankings. Leaving aside problems of such indicators, Melbourne has transformed from an economic basket-case of industrial decline in the 1980s into a vibrant and cosmopolitan world city. Central to this transformation been a set of determined moves by the city and state governments to change the city centre from an inhospitable place into a desirable location to work, live, and play. In this chapter, more than two decades (1980–2015) of city planning and policy development are charted to explain Melbourne’s remarkable economic resurgence and cultural revitalization. This is not a straightforward tale of policy success, however. Strained relations between the state and city governments, changing technologies and industrial trends, and at times hostile reactions to the creative visions of the city’s architects have threatened policy success. Informed by extensive research and consultation, the city government nevertheless stimulated housing and retail development, and activated public space. Strategic interventions by the state government to stimulate the economy in key areas of strength, combined with the city government’s people-centric approach to liveability, have effectively made the city more amenable, creative, smart, and sustainable.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2005.10.004
Abstract: The accumulation and use of power is crucial to the health policy process. This paper examines the power of the medical profession in the health policy arena, by analysing which actors are perceived as influential, and how influence is structured in health policy. It combines an analysis of policy networks and social networks, to examine positional and personal influence in health policy in the state of Victoria, Australia. In the sub-graph of the influence network examined here, those most widely regarded as influential are academics, medically qualified and male. Positional actors (the top politician, political advisor and bureaucrat in health and the top nursing official) form part of a core group within this network structure. A second central group consists of medical influentials working in academia, research institutes and health-related NGOs. In this network locale overall, medical academics appear to combine positional and personal influence, and play significant intermediary roles across the network. While many claim that the medical profession has lost power in health policy and politics, this analysis yields few signs that the power of medicine to shape the health policy process has been greatly diminished in Victoria. Medical expertise is a potent embedded resource connecting actors through ties of association, making it difficult for actors with other resources and different knowledge to be considered influential. The network concepts and analytical techniques used here provide a novel means for uncovering different types of influence in health policy.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2019
Location: Australia
Location: Denmark
Start Date: 2021
End Date: 2025
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2018
End Date: 2020
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 01-2010
End Date: 06-2015
Amount: $437,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 04-2008
End Date: 01-2013
Amount: $267,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 09-2012
End Date: 12-2016
Amount: $870,304.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2016
End Date: 12-2020
Amount: $182,377.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 05-2018
End Date: 05-2024
Amount: $341,983.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 11-2008
End Date: 12-2012
Amount: $196,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 07-2006
End Date: 12-2009
Amount: $386,707.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 07-2002
End Date: 12-2007
Amount: $456,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 02-2021
End Date: 01-2025
Amount: $364,112.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2005
End Date: 12-2010
Amount: $1,500,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 01-2004
End Date: 12-2003
Amount: $10,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
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