Adelle Coster

Emergence of a Neolithic in highland New Guinea by 5000 to 4000 years ago

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Date: 27-03-2020

DOI: 10.1126/SCIADV.AAY4573

Abstract: Shift in human settlement patterns and technologies in New Guinea highlands is linked with changing food production strategies.

Skeletal muscle and plasma lipidomic signatures of insulin resistance and overweight/obesity in humans

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 24-02-2016

DOI: 10.1002/OBY.21448

Selective insulin resistance in adipocytes

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2015

DOI: 10.1074/JBC.M114.623686

Glycemic Effects and Safety of L-Glutamine Supplementation with or without Sitagliptin in Type 2 Diabetes Patients—A Randomized Study

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 20-11-2014

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0113366

Insulin increases cell surface GLUT4 levels by dose dependently discharging GLUT4 into a cell surface recycling pathway

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 07-2004

DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.14.6456-6466.2004

Interactions of tropomyosin Tpm1.1 on a single actin filament: A method for extraction and processing of high resolution TIRF microscopy data

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 10-12-2018

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0208586

Irradiation impairs mitochondrial function and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity: significance for metabolic complications in cancer survivors

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.METABOL.2019.154025

Abstract: Metabolic complications are highly prevalent in cancer survivors treated with irradiation but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Chow or high fat-fed C57Bl/6J mice were irradiated (6Gy) before investigating the impact on whole-body or skeletal muscle metabolism and profiling their lipidomic signature. Using a transgenic mouse model (Tg:Pax7-nGFP), we isolated muscle progenitor cells (satellite cells) and characterised their metabolic functions. We recruited childhood cancer survivors, grouped them based on the use of total body irradiation during their treatment and established their lipidomic profile. In mice, irradiation delayed body weight gain and impaired fat pads and muscle weights. These changes were associated with impaired whole-body fat oxidation in chow-fed mice and altered ex vivo skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation, potentially due to a reduction in oxidative fibres and reduced mitochondrial enzyme activity. Irradiation led to fasting hyperglycaemia and impaired glucose uptake in isolated skeletal muscles. Cultured satellite cells from irradiated mice showed decreased fatty acid oxidation and reduced glucose uptake, recapitulating the host metabolic phenotype. Irradiation resulted in a remodelling of lipid species in skeletal muscles, with the extensor digitorum longus muscle being particularly affected. A large number of lipid species were reduced, with several of these species showing a positive correlation with mitochondrial enzymes activity. In cancer survivors exposed to irradiation, we found a similar decrease in systemic levels of most lipid species, and lipid species that increased were positively correlated with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Irradiation leads to long-term alterations in body composition, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle, and affects muscle progenitor cells. Such changes result in persistent impairment of metabolic functions, providing a new mechanism for the increased prevalence of metabolic diseases reported in irradiated in iduals. In this context, changes in the lipidomic signature in response to irradiation could be of diagnostic value.

Mathematical Modelling of the Interaction Between Cancer Cells and an Oncolytic Virus

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-04-2018

DOI: 10.1007/S11538-018-0424-4

Abstract: Oncolytic virotherapy is an experimental cancer treatment that uses genetically engineered viruses to target and kill cancer cells. One major limitation of this treatment is that virus particles are rapidly cleared by the immune system, preventing them from arriving at the tumour site. To improve virus survival and infectivity Kim et al. (Biomaterials 32(9):2314-2326, 2011) modified virus particles with the polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the monoclonal antibody herceptin. Whilst PEG modification appeared to improve plasma retention and initial infectivity, it also increased the virus particle arrival time. We derive a mathematical model that describes the interaction between tumour cells and an oncolytic virus. We tune our model to represent the experimental data by Kim et al. (2011) and obtain optimised parameters. Our model provides a platform from which predictions may be made about the response of cancer growth to other treatment protocols beyond those in the experiments. Through model simulations, we find that the treatment protocol affects the outcome dramatically. We quantify the effects of dosage strategy as a function of tumour cell replication and tumour carrying capacity on the outcome of oncolytic virotherapy as a treatment. The relative significance of the modification of the virus and the crucial role it plays in optimising treatment efficacy are explored.

Tropomyosin isoforms segregate into distinct clusters on single actin filaments

Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

Date: 25-07-2021

DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.23.453476

Abstract: Tropomyosins (Tpm) are rod-shaped proteins that interact head-to-tail to form a continuous polymer along both sides of most cellular actin filaments. Head-to-tail interaction between adjacent Tpm molecules and the formation of an overlap complex between them leads to the assembly of actin filaments with one type of Tpm isoform in time and space. Variations in the affinity of tropomyosin isoforms for different actin structures are proposed as a potential sorting mechanism. However, the detailed mechanisms of spatio-temporal sorting of Tpms remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the early intermediates during actin-tropomyosin filament assembly, using skeletal/cardiac Tpm isoform (Tpm1.1) and a cytoskeletal isoform (Tpm1.6) that differ only in the last 27 amino acids. We investigated how the muscle isoform Tpm1.1 and the cytoskeletal isoform Tpm1.6 nucleate domains on the actin filament and tested whether (1) recruitment is affected by the actin isoform (muscle vs cytoskeletal) and (2) whether there is specificity in recruiting the same isoform to a domain at these early stages. To address these questions, actin filaments were exposed to low concentrations of fluorescent tropomyosins in solution. The filaments were immobilized onto glass coverslips and the pattern of decoration was visualized by TIRF microscopy. We show that at the early assembly stage, tropomyosins formed multiple distinct fluorescent domains (here termed “cluster“) on the actin filaments. An automated image analysis algorithm was developed and validated to identify clusters and estimate the number of tropomyosins in each cluster. The analysis showed that tropomyosin isoform sorting onto an actin filament is unlikely to be driven by a preference for nucleating on the corresponding muscle or cytoskeletal actin isoforms but rather is facilitated by a higher probability of incorporating the same tropomyosin isoforms into an early assembly intermediate. We showed that the 27 amino acids at the end of each tropomyosin seem to provide enough molecular information for attachment of the same tropomyosin isoforms adjacent to each other on an actin filament. This results in the formation of homogeneous clusters composed of the same isoform rather than clusters with mixed isoforms.

Dietary acid load, metabolic acidosis and insulin resistance – Lessons from cross-sectional and overfeeding studies in humans

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.CLNU.2015.08.002

Abstract: Western diets rich in animal protein and poor in fruit and vegetables increase the body acid load, a predictor of type 2 diabetes risk. The relationships between dietary acid load, mild metabolic acidosis and insulin resistance remain unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the association between dietary acid load, body acid/base markers and peripheral insulin resistance at baseline and following a short-term overfeeding intervention in healthy in iduals. In a cross-sectional study of 104 men and women, insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic cl . Plasma lactate, a marker of metabolic acidosis, was assessed and acid load scores (potential renal acid load, PRAL and net endogenous acid production, NEAP) derived from diet diaries. The cohort was grouped into lean and overweight/obese and the latter further classified as insulin-sensitive (Obsen) and insulin-resistant (Obres) based on hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic cl glucose infusion rate (GIR, top tertile vs. bottom 2 tertiles). A subset of 40 in iduals participated in an overfeeding intervention (+1250 kcal/day) for 28 days and studies repeated. Obsen and Obres were matched for adiposity (BMI and fat mass, both P = 1). Fasting plasma lactate was higher in Obres (0.78 [0.63-1.14] mmol/L) compared with both lean (0.71 [0.44-0.90] mmol/L, P = 0.02) and Obsen (0.67 [0.56-0.79] mmol/L, P = 0.04) and not different between lean and Obsen (P = 0.9). Overfeeding was characterized by an increase in dietary acid load scores PRAL (P = 0.003) and NEAP (P = 0.05), a reduction in GIR necessary to maintain euglycemia (P = 0.03) and an increase in fasting plasma lactate (P = 0.02). The change in lactate was inversely associated with the change in GIR (r = -0.36, P = 0.03). Mild metabolic acidosis, measured by plasma lactate, aligns with insulin resistance independent of obesity and is induced by short-term increases in energy and dietary acid load in healthy humans. Further studies are required to determine whether buffering mild metabolic acidosis improves insulin resistance and reduces diabetes risk.

Tropical Foodways and Exchange along the Coastal Margin of Northeastern New Guinea

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 09-07-2020

DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2020.1786285

Regional connectivity and spatial densities of drifting fish aggregating devices, simulated from fishing events in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean

Publisher: IOP Publishing

Date: 06-2019

DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/AB21E9

Abstract: The increased use of drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (dFADs) by tuna purse seine fleets in recent years has supported considerable catches of these species. A greater understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of these objects as they drift with ocean currents is critical for understanding historical changes in fishing power, spatial management, and examining the effect of ambient dFAD density on catch and effort. Here, dFAD dynamics were estimated for all floating object sets made by purse seiners in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean during 2016 and 2017. The drift trajectories of these floating objects prior to the observed fishing events were estimated by seeding virtual Lagrangian particles within a state-of-the-art hydrodynamics model, and simulating their movements backwards in time. Resulting trajectory distributions are similar to observed dFAD trajectories from the same period. The approach provides spatial density estimates in areas where observed dFAD data are incomplete, particularly in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of Howland and Baker Islands, and certain high seas areas. We provide estimates of inter-EEZ connectivity of dFADs, which highlight the fact that dFADs set upon in small EEZs such as Nauru and Howland and Baker Islands are likely to have drifted from neighbouring EEZs less than one month prior to fishing. dFADs typically transited multiple EEZs, with a median of 4 and a maximum of 14, when assuming a drift-time of six months. Moreover, between 4 and 22% of dFAD sets made in the WCPO were estimated to have originated from the Eastern Pacific Ocean, depending on drift-time. We examine our results in the context of the improved management and assessment of dFAD fisheries, providing a methodology to estimated relative dFAD density over historical periods to support analyses of catch and effort. The sensitivity of these estimates to hydrodynamic models, including the proposed SKIM doppler radar altimetry method, is discussed.

Kinetic evidence for unique regulation of GLUT4 trafficking by insulin and AMP-activated protein kinase activators in L6 myotubes

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2010

DOI: 10.1074/JBC.M109.051185

The impact of tropomyosins on actin filament assembly is isoform specific

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 03-07-2016

DOI: 10.1080/19490992.2016.1201619

Insulin stimulates the entry of GLUT4 into the endosomal recycling pathway by a quantal mechanism

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 18-08-2004

DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0854.2004.00218.X

Impaired Akt phosphorylation in insulin-resistant human muscle is accompanied by selective and heterogeneous downstream defects

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 24-01-2013

DOI: 10.1007/S00125-012-2811-Y

Abstract: Muscle insulin resistance, one of the earliest defects associated with type 2 diabetes, involves changes in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt network. The relative contribution of obesity vs insulin resistance to perturbations in this pathway is poorly understood. We used phosphospecific antibodies against targets in the Akt signalling network to study insulin action in muscle from lean, overweight/obese and type 2 diabetic in iduals before and during a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic cl . Insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation at Thr309 and Ser474 was highly correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity. In contrast, impaired phosphorylation of Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160 also known as TBC1D4) was associated with adiposity, but not insulin sensitivity. Neither insulin sensitivity nor obesity was associated with defective insulin-dependent phosphorylation of forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factor. In view of the resultant basal hyperinsulinaemia, we predicted that this selective response within the Akt pathway might lead to hyperactivation of those processes that were spared. Indeed, the expression of genes targeted by FOXO was downregulated in insulin-resistant in iduals. These results highlight non-linearity in Akt signalling and suggest that: (1) the pathway from Akt to glucose transport is complex and (2) pathways, particularly FOXO, that are not insulin-resistant, are likely to be hyperactivated in response to hyperinsulinaemia. This facet of Akt signalling may contribute to multiple features of the metabolic syndrome.

A pilot study of long-term monitoring of human movements in the home using accelerometry

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 06-2004

DOI: 10.1258/135763304323070788

Abstract: We assessed the feasibility of using a waist-mounted, wireless triaxial accelerometer (TA) to monitor human movements in an unsupervised home setting to detect changes in functional status. A pilot study was carried out with six healthy subjects aged 80–86 years. The subjects wore a TA unit every day for two to three months. Each morning they carried out a short routine of directed movements that included standing, sitting, lying and walking. Important movement variables were measured. During the rest of the day, subjects were monitored for falls, and variables such as metabolic energy expenditure were measured. All subjects remained healthy there was no overall change in functional status and there were only slight fluctuations in health status. No longitudinal changes were detected in any of the variables measured during the directed routine. There was a moderate correlation between weekly self-reported health status and energy expenditure: subjects reported a lower health status for weeks in which they expended less energy. The TA system was found to be practical for long-term, unsupervised home monitoring. All subjects found the system simple to use and the TA unit unobtrusive and comfortable to wear. High compliance rates were achieved: the TA units were worn on 88% of the days in the study, for an average of 11.2 hours per day.

Enhancing oncolytic virotherapy: Observations from a Voronoi Cell-Based model

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.JTBI.2019.110052

Abstract: Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising cancer treatment using genetically modified viruses. Unfortunately, virus particles rapidly decay inside the body, significantly hindering their efficacy. In this article, treatment perturbations that could overcome obstacles to oncolytic virotherapy are investigated through the development of a Voronoi Cell-Based model (VCBM). The VCBM derived captures the interaction between an oncolytic virus and cancer cells in a 2-dimensional setting by using an agent-based model, where cell edges are designated by a Voronoi tessellation. Here, we investigate the sensitivity of treatment efficacy to the configuration of the treatment injections for different tumour shapes: circular, rectangular and irregular. The model predicts that multiple off-centre injections improve treatment efficacy irrespective of tumour shape. Additionally, we investigate delaying the infection of cancer cells by modifying viral particles with a substance such as alginate (a hydrogel polymer used in a range of cancer treatments). Simulations of the VCBM show that delaying the infection of cancer cells, and thus allowing more time for virus dissemination, can improve the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy. The simulated treatment noticeably decreases the tumour size with no increase in toxicity. Improving oncolytic virotherapy in this way allows for a more effective treatment without changing its fundamental essence.

Ancient starch analysis of grinding stones from Kokatha Country, South Australia

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.JASREP.2018.10.023

Hyperactivation of the insulin signaling pathway improves intracellular proteostasis by coordinately up-regulating the proteostatic machinery in adipocytes

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2016

DOI: 10.1074/JBC.M116.741140

Oncolytic virus treatment of human breast cancer cells: Modelling therapy efficacy

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.JTBI.2022.111394

Detection of daily physical activities using a triaxial accelerometer

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-2003

DOI: 10.1007/BF02348434

Association of muscle lipidomic profile with high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance across five mouse strains

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 24-10-2017

DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-14214-1

Abstract: Different mouse strains exhibit variation in their inherent propensities to develop metabolic disease. We recently showed that C57BL6, 129X1, DBA/2 and FVB/N mice are all susceptible to high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance, while BALB/c mice are relatively protected, despite changes in many factors linked with insulin resistance. One parameter strongly linked with insulin resistance is ectopic lipid accumulation, especially metabolically active ceramides and diacylglycerols (DAG). This study examined diet-induced changes in the skeletal muscle lipidome across these five mouse strains. High-fat feeding increased total muscle triacylglycerol (TAG) content, with elevations in similar triacylglycerol species observed for all strains. There were also generally consistent changes across strains in the abundance of different phospholipid (PL) classes and the fatty acid profile of phospholipid molecular species, with the exception being a strain-specific difference in phospholipid species containing two polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains in BALB/c mice (i.e. a diet-induced decrease in the other four strains, but no change in BALB/c mice). In contrast to TAG and PL, the high-fat diet had a minor influence on DAG and ceramide species across all strains. These results suggest that widespread alterations in muscle lipids are unlikely a major contributors to the favourable metabolic profile of BALB/c mice and rather there is a relatively conserved high-fat diet response in muscle of most mouse strains.

Modelling heterogeneity in viral-tumour dynamics: The effects of gene-attenuation on viral characteristics

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.JTBI.2018.05.030

Abstract: The use of viruses as a cancer treatment is becoming increasingly more robust however, there is still a long way to go before a completely successful treatment is formulated. One major challenge in the field is to select which virus, out of a burgeoning number of oncolytic viruses and engineered derivatives, can maximise both treatment spread and anticancer cytotoxicity. To assist in solving this problem, an in-depth understanding of the virus-tumour interaction is crucial. In this article, we present a novel integro-differential system with distributed delays embodying the dynamics of an oncolytic adenovirus with a fixed population of tumour cells in vitro, allowing for heterogeneity to exist in the virus and cell populations. The parameters of the model are optimised in a hierarchical manner, the purpose of which is not to obtain a perfect representation of the data. Instead, we place our parameter values in the correct region of the parameter space. Due to the sparse nature of the data it is not possible to obtain the parameter values with any certainty, but rather we demonstrate the suitability of the model. Using our model we quantify how modifications to the viral genome alter the viral characteristics, specifically how the attenuation of the E1B 19 and E1B 55 gene affect the system performance, and identify the dominant processes altered by the mutations. From our analysis, we conclude that the deletion of the E1B 55 gene significantly reduces the replication rate of the virus in comparison to the deletion of the E1B 19 gene. We also found that the deletion of both the E1B 19 and E1B 55 genes resulted in a long delay in the average replication start time of the virus. This leads us to propose the use of E1B 19 gene-attenuated adenovirus for cancer therapy, as opposed to E1B 55 gene-attenuated adenoviruses.

Longitudinal Changes in Insulin Resistance in Normal Weight, Overweight and Obese Individuals

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 08-05-2019

DOI: 10.3390/JCM8050623

Abstract: Background: Large cohort longitudinal studies have almost unanimously concluded that metabolic health in obesity is a transient phenomenon, diminishing in older age. We aimed to assess the fate of insulin sensitivity per se over time in overweight and obese in iduals. Methods: In iduals studied using the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic cl at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research from 2008 to 2010 (n = 99) were retrospectively grouped into Lean (body mass index (BMI) 25 kg/m2) or overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), with the latter further ided into insulin-sensitive (ObSen) or insulin-resistant (ObRes), based on median cl M-value (M/I, separate cut-offs for men and women). Fifty-seven in iduals participated in a follow-up study after 5.4 ± 0.1 years. Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic cl , dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and circulating cardiovascular markers were measured again at follow-up, using the same protocols used at baseline. Liver fat was measured using computed tomography at baseline and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at follow-up with established cut-offs applied for defining fatty liver. Results: In the whole cohort, M/I did not change over time (p = 0.40) it remained significantly higher at follow-up in ObSen compared with ObRes (p = 0.02), and was not different between ObSen and Lean (p = 0.41). While BMI did not change over time (p = 0.24), android and visceral fat increased significantly in this cohort (ptime ≤ 0.0013), driven by ObRes (p = 0.0087 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Similarly, systolic blood pressure increased significantly over time (ptime = 0.0003) driven by ObRes (p = 0.0039). The best correlate of follow-up M/I was baseline M/I (Spearman’s r = 0.76, p = 1.1 × 10−7). Conclusions: The similarity in insulin sensitivity between the ObSen and the Lean groups at baseline persisted over time. Insulin resistance in overweight and obese in iduals predisposed to further metabolic deterioration over time.

The effect of short-term overfeeding on serum lipids in healthy humans

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 29-07-2013

DOI: 10.1002/OBY.20508

Abstract: While chronic obesity is associated with alterations in circulating glycerolipids, sphingolipids and plasmalogens, the effects of short-term overfeeding in humans are unclear. Healthy in iduals (n = 40) were overfed by 1,250 kcal day(-1) for 28 days. Insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic cl ), abdominal fat distribution and serum lipidomics (mass spectrometry) were assessed. Overfeeding increased liver fat, insulin resistance, serum C-reactive protein and urinary F2-isoprostanes. HDL increased (11% ± 2%, P < 0.001) while LDL, triglycerides and nonesterified fatty acids were unchanged. Three hundred and thirty three serum lipids were detected, of which 13% increased and 20% decreased with overfeeding. Total diacylglycerol and lysoalkylphosphatidylcholine (LPC(O)) concentrations decreased (P < 0.01), while total ceramide, Cer22:0 and Cer24:0 increased (P ≤ 0.01). The most notable increases were observed in the HDL-associated phosphatidylethanolamine-based plasmalogens and their precursors alkylhosphatidylethanolamine (18 ± 5% and 38 ± 8% respectively, P ≤ 0.01). Overfeeding led to weight gain and changes in the serum lipid profile. Increases in ceramides were noted, which left unchecked may promote systemic insulin resistance. Uniform increases were observed in plasmalogens and their precursors. Because plasmalogens are powerful antioxidants, this may be an appropriate response against increased oxidative stress generated by over-nutrition. The metabolic consequences of changes in concentrations of many circulating lipid species with overfeeding require further study. Copyright © 2013 The Obesity Society.

Phase Response of Model Sinoatrial Node Cells

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 03-2003

DOI: 10.1114/1.1553455

Abstract: When a brief current pulse is incident on excitable cells in cardiac and other nervous tissue, a change in phase of the cell's response is usually observed. In cardiac tissue, the cells are exposed to external stimulation of mainly positive currents, which depolarize the cells. We performed a systematic study of the effect of depolarizing stimuli, covering timing, magnitude, and duration, and demonstrated that all of these parameters influence the phase response of the cell. The phase response of our model cell compares favorably with measurements on isolated sinoatrial node cells. We investigated the phase response to single depolarizing stimuli as a function of the stimulus parameters (phase response curves), and then studied cell responses to the combined effect of a pulse train (entrainment phenomena). The range of magnitudes and durations for the stimuli were 0.01-5 nA and 0.01-50 ms. Comparisons of the entrainment properties of the model with experimental results show good agreement with similar modes and different entrainment ratios occurring for similar basic cycle lengths (as functions of the unperturbed cell period). Our results demonstrate that any combination of parameters that provide the same charge transfer to the cell causes a similar phase response, independent of the specific magnitude and duration for the entire range of stimuli investigated.

Automatic identification of fusion events in TIRF microscopy image sequences

Publisher: IEEE

Date: 09-2009

DOI: 10.1109/ICCVW.2009.5457651

High-Throughput analysis of the dynamics of recycling cell surface proteins

Publisher: Humana Press

Date: 2008

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-178-9_10

Abstract: Recycling via the plasma membrane is a key feature that is shared by many membrane proteins. Using a combination of indirect immunofluorescence labeling and fluorescence detection using a fluorescence multiwell plate reader, we exploited the possibilities of quantitatively measuring the trafficking kinetics of transmembrane proteins. Parameters that can be studied include dynamic appearance resence at the cell surface, recycling via the cell surface, and internalization. For the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 (glucose transporter number 4), details are presented on how to quantitatively measure insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation toward the plasma membrane (transition state) and to analyze cell surface recycling of GLUT4 in basal and insulin-stimulated cells (steady state).

Functional studies of flaked and ground stone artefacts reveal starchy tree nut and root exploitation in mid-Holocene highland New Guinea

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 12-05-2020

DOI: 10.1177/0959683620919983

Abstract: Ground stone technology for processing starchy plant foods has its origins in the late Pleistocene, with subsequent intensification and transformation of this technology coinciding with the global emergence of agriculture in the early Holocene. On the island of New Guinea, agriculture first emerges in the highland Wahgi Valley, potentially from c. 9 kya, and clearly evident by 6.5 kya. Approximately 400 km further east in the highland Ivane Valley, long-term occupation sequences span the Holocene and late Pleistocene, but there is currently no direct evidence for wetland agriculture. Here, we report rare evidence for ground stone implements from a secure mid-Holocene archaeological context in the Ivane Valley. The Joe’s Garden site has flaked and ground stone artefacts with significant starch assemblages dating to approximately 4.4 kya. We present the first empirical evidence for the function of stone bowls from a New Guinea highland setting. Usewear and residues indicate the grinding and pounding of endemic starch-rich plant foods. Geometric morphometric analysis of starch grains shows that at least two taxa were processed: Castanopsis acuminatissima (nut) and Pueraria lobata (tuber). This regional ex le adds to our understanding of the trajectories of erse plant food exploitation and ground stone technology development witnessed globally in the Holocene.

Holocene grinding stones at Madjedbebe reveal the processing of starchy plant taxa and animal tissue

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.JASREP.2020.102754

Effect of surface chemistry on tropomyosin binding to actin filaments on surfaces

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 23-11-2016

DOI: 10.1002/CM.21342

Abstract: Reconstitution of actin filaments on surfaces for observation of filament-associated protein dynamics by fluorescence microscopy is currently an exciting field in biophysics. Here we examine the effects of attaching actin filaments to surfaces on the binding and dissociation kinetics of a fluorescence-labeled tropomyosin, a rod-shaped protein that forms continuous strands wrapping around the actin filament. Two attachment modalities of the actin to the surface are explored: where the actin filament is attached to the surface at multiple points along its length and where the actin filament is attached at one end and aligned parallel to the surface by buffer flow. To facilitate analysis of actin-binding protein dynamics, we have developed a software tool for the viewing, tracing and analysis of filaments and co-localized species in noisy fluorescence timelapse images. Our analysis shows that the interaction of tropomyosin with actin filaments is similar for both attachment modalities. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Cluster analysis of insulin action in adipocytes reveals a key role for Akt at the plasma membrane

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2010

DOI: 10.1074/JBC.M109.060236

Accelerometry: providing an integrated, practical method for long-term, ambulatory monitoring of human movement

Publisher: IOP Publishing

Date: 17-02-2004

DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/25/2/R01

Abstract: Accelerometry offers a practical and low cost method of objectively monitoring human movements, and has particular applicability to the monitoring of free-living subjects. Accelerometers have been used to monitor a range of different movements, including gait, sit-to-stand transfers, postural sway and falls. They have also been used to measure physical activity levels and to identify and classify movements performed by subjects. This paper reviews the use of accelerometer-based systems in each of these areas. The scope and applicability of such systems in unsupervised monitoring of human movement are considered. The different systems and monitoring techniques can be integrated to provide a more comprehensive system that is suitable for measuring a range of different parameters in an unsupervised monitoring context with free-living subjects. An integrated approach is described in which a single, waist-mounted accelerometry system is used to monitor a range of different parameters of human movement in an unsupervised setting.

Binding of transcription factor GabR to DNA requires recognition of DNA shape at a location distinct from its cognate binding site

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 17-12-2016

DOI: 10.1093/NAR/GKV1466

Muscling in on GLUT4 kinetics

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 05-2010

DOI: 10.4161/CIB.3.3.11457

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0450673

Start Date: 01-2004

End Date: 12-2007

Amount: $204,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP130100936

Start Date: 2013

End Date: 04-2017

Amount: $321,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP180101512

Start Date: 2018

End Date: 12-2021

Amount: $401,706.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

ARC Centres Of Excellence - Grant ID: CE230100001

Start Date: 2023

End Date: 12-2029

Amount: $35,000,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP210100255

Start Date: 12-2021

End Date: 12-2024

Amount: $435,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council