ORCID Profile
0000-0003-0954-5739
Current Organisation
University of South Australia
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Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-01-2019
DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2018.1560240
Abstract: Enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) has recently generated interest as a potentially useful treatment for eating disorders (ED). In the current study, we conducted a systematic review of the outcome literature on CBT-E, with both narrative and meta-analytic synthesis. We included single-group uncontrolled pre-post design studies and randomised control trials (RCTs) of CBT-E, which allowed us to include a larger number of studies, and also compare the two methodologies in terms of effect size. The primary analysis included 15 CBT-E studies with a total of 948 participants. Narrative synthesis examined bingeing and purging episodes, BMI change, and follow-up results. A large, statistically significant effect supported CBT-E as a treatment for all EDs (
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 02-1993
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1991
DOI: 10.1007/BF00960788
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.20102
Abstract: We examined the potential for ethnicity to moderate the relationships between awareness and internalization of sociocultural ideals of appearance and between internalization and body dissatisfaction. Spanish (n = 100), Mexican American (n = 100), and European American (n = 100) female participants completed measures of sociocultural attitudes and body dissatisfaction. Path analysis using maximum likelihood with robust standard errors tested the relationships across and within ethnic groups. There was evidence for the mediational effect of internalization on the relationship between awareness and body dissatisfaction. Furthermore, both relationships were significantly stronger for European American women than for Mexican American or Spanish women (the predicted moderator effect). Results demonstrate how ethnicity may protect against the development of eating disorder symptoms and suggest that eating disorder prevention should involve denouncing the thin ideal, minimizing appearance as an indicator of value, and emphasizing traits other than appearance as determinants of worth.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 02-1993
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.EATBEH.2012.05.008
Abstract: Body checking and body avoidance have demonstrated clinical significance in a number of populations. However, the associations between these behaviors and mental and physical health-related quality of life have not been examined. This study investigated the associations between body checking and avoidance and quality of life in 214 community women. Body checking and body avoidance were significantly correlated with mental and physical quality of life, as well as with eating disturbances. Frequency of body checking significantly predicted impairment in mental quality of life, and frequency of body avoidance significantly predicted impairment in physical quality of life, over and above the contributions of depressive symptoms and related demographic characteristics. Targeting checking and avoidance in prevention and treatment programs may improve quality of life and reduce health-related functional impairment.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1037/A0036685
Abstract: We respond to Lynn et al.'s (2014) comments on our review (Dalenberg et al., 2012) demonstrating the superiority of the trauma model (TM) over the fantasy model (FM) in explaining the trauma-dissociation relationship. Lynn et al. conceded that our meta-analytic results support the TM hypothesis that trauma exposure is a causal risk factor for the development of dissociation. Although Lynn et al. suggested that our meta-analyses were selective, we respond that each omitted study failed to meet inclusion criteria our meta-analyses thus reflect a balanced view of the predominant trauma-dissociation findings. In contrast, Lynn et al. were hypercritical of studies that supported the TM while ignoring methodological problems in studies presented as supportive of the FM. We clarify Lynn et al.'s misunderstandings of the TM and demonstrate consistent superiority in prediction of time course of dissociative symptoms, response to psychotherapy of dissociative patients, and pattern of relationships of trauma to dissociation. We defend our decision not to include studies using the Dissociative Experiences Scale-Comparison, a rarely used revision of the Dissociative Experiences Scale that shares less than 10% of the variance with the original scale. We highlight several areas of agreement: (a) Trauma plays a complex role in dissociation, involving indirect and direct paths (b) dissociation-suggestibility relationships are small and (c) controls and measurement issues should be addressed in future suggestibility and dissociation research. Considering the lack of evidence that dissociative in iduals simply fantasize trauma, future researchers should examine more complex models of trauma and valid measures of dissociation.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2001
DOI: 10.1177/107319110100800104
Abstract: The Body Image Assessment (BIA) is a simple measure of body image disturbance. However, it has currently only been used with an in idual administration format and only to assess ratings of current body size, ideal body size, and body dissatisfaction. It has also only been validated for use with women. In the current two studies, the reliability and validity of a group-administered version of the BIA procedure for both men and women that also assessed ratings of the ideal opposite sex and predictions about what the opposite sex would prefer as most attractive was examined. In the first study, results indicated good test-retest reliability for the group version for current and ideal body size and good concurrent validity with the in idual administration format of the BIA. The results of the second study supported the construct and predictive validity of the group administered BIA, suggesting that it is a time-efficient alternative to the original, in idually administered assessment.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2000
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 02-2000
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.20074
Abstract: Eating disorders have been conceptualized as discrete syndromes or categories and as dimensions that differ in degree among in iduals. Until recently, researchers have not directly addressed which of these models, categorical versus dimensional, is most valid. The primary objective of this review was to examine the evidence related to the validity of dimensional versus categorical models of eating disorders. Findings from a series of taxometric studies have suggested that a conceptual representation of eating disorders may involve a latent taxon, related to binge eating (and possibly purging), and one or more dimensions. These studies found that binge eating was identified as a factor that does not occur on a continuum with anorexia nervosa, restricting subtype. Restricting subtype anorexia is continuous with normalcy, however. These findings should be viewed as preliminary evidence that may have implications for the etiology, assessment, prevention, and treatment of eating disorders.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 08-1999
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-03-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2004
DOI: 10.1016/J.BODYIM.2004.01.003
Abstract: We examined the use of figural rating scales to measure body dissatisfaction and the ideal body standards of women. We also attended to the potential influence of demand characteristics in body assessment research using these measures, a methodological concern largely ignored in this field. We used both within- and between-subjects designs to assess whether women hold different body standards for themselves compared to their same sex peers and whether their own ideal body size (IBS) is different from what they think men prefer. Regardless of the method of data collection (within or between design), we failed to find any differences on separate items of body image ideals. The findings do provide evidence of robust and large effects for the current-ideal discrepancy as measured by figural rating scales, but argue against including multiple questions about ideal body preferences on these types of scales. Concerns about the influence of demand characteristics were not supported by the data.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 08-2008
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 05-1998
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1993
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-07-2017
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1347788
Abstract: Previous research has indicated that greater exposure to traditional media (i.e. television, film, and print) predicted skin cancer risk factors in adolescents however, the relationship between social media usage and these outcomes remains unexplored. We examined whether social networking site (SNS) usage, and the particular manner of this use, was associated with skin tone dissatisfaction, sun exposure and sun protection among Australian adolescents. We also explored sex differences in SNS usage related to tanning. A total of 1856 South Australian secondary school students completed the Australian School Students Alcohol and Drug 2014 survey. SNS usage related to tanning comprised posting pictures, posting text, viewing pictures, viewing text and liking or sharing posts. Adolescents spent 214.56 minutes, on average, per day using SNSs. Behaviours related to tanning that involved pictures (i.e. viewing pictures, posting pictures, and liking or sharing content) were significantly associated with more skin tone dissatisfaction, more sun exposure and less sun protection. Females performed all SNS-linked behaviours more frequently than did males, with the exception of posting text. Australian adolescents spend a considerable amount of time using SNSs, and their behaviours related to tanning on these SNSs are significantly associated with skin cancer risk factors.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1037/1099-9809.6.3.297
Abstract: To determine if the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-21 demonstrates equivalent validity across different ethnic groups, the authors tested the factor structure of the instrument with a s le of European American (n = 514), African American (n = 154), and Latino (n = 229) college students using confirmatory factor analysis with tests of invariance across groups. For the most part, a 3-factor model with Performance, General, and Somatic factors fit equally well for all 3 racial/ethnic groups. Differences involved only a few items in terms of either the strength of a factor loading or an error term. The results generally support the validity of the use of the instrument for measurement of distress in these different racial/ethnic groups.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2000
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-02-2014
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.22263
Abstract: The goal of this study was to create a Spanish version of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4) and examine its factorial validity, reliability, and convergent validity in a s le of women from Spain. Two hundred and sixty female college students from Spain completed the Spanish version of the SATAQ-4 and measures for eating pathology. Internal consistency was high data from EFA and CFA supported the original five-factor structure and results showed good convergent validity with measures of body-image and eating problems. Results strongly support the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of SATAQ-4 and its use to examine perceived pressure for thinness from parents, peers and the media and thin- and muscular/athletic-ideal internalization in Spanish-speaking adult women.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-11-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-1998
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199809)24:2<147::AID-EAT4>3.0.CO;2-E
Abstract: To examine posttraumatic symptomatology among women with eating disorders. A s le of 294 women diagnosed as having anorexia nervosa (n = 121), bulimia nervosa (n = 103), or eating disorder-not otherwise specified (n = 70) completed a version of the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Symptom Scale along with instruments measuring specific eating disorder symptomatology and comorbid psychopathology. Of the total s le, 154 (52%) reported current symptomatology consistent with PTSD. However, severity of PTSD symptomatology was unrelated to either type or eating disorder or severity of either anorexic or bulimic symptomatology. Severity of PTSD symptoms was significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and dissociative experiences. The findings suggest that PTSD symptomatology is common and an important clinical variable among women with eating disorders, although apparently it is not directly related to the eating disorder per se.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2004
Abstract: This study evaluated the factor structure of the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU) across American and Spanish smokers. Using confirmatory factor analyses, the fits of one-, two-, and four-factor models of smoking craving in American and Spanish data sets were compared. The two-factor model provided the best fit in both s les. However, negatively worded items confounded the interpretation of the two-factor structure in both the American and Spanish data. The first factor had positively and negatively worded items, whereas the second had only positively worded items. The two-factor structure was reexamined, removing either the positively or the negatively worded items. Using only positively worded items resulted in a loss of fit, whereas using only negatively worded items improved model fit substantially. Thus, the results supported the generalization of smoking craving across Spanish and American smokers and suggested that negatively worded items play a larger role in the two-factor structure of the QSU than originally thought.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2005
DOI: 10.1080/10640260590919071
Abstract: We examined the degree to which self-deceptive enhancement and/or family environment moderated the relationship between awareness and internalization of sociocultural appearance standards. We administered the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire, the Family Environment Scale, the Family History of Eating questionnaire, and the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding to female undergraduate students (N = 232) and tested our predictions with moderator regression. Self-deceptive enhancement appeared to moderate the relationship between awareness and internalization. Family history of weight and appearance preoccupation also marginally moderated the relationship whereas general family environment did not. High levels of self-deceptive enhancement may serve as a protective factor against internalization of sociocultural pressures. High levels of family preoccupation with weight and appearance may have the opposite effect, making women more vulnerable to internalization.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2000
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1993
DOI: 10.1016/0306-4603(93)90031-4
Abstract: We examined the relationship between actual caloric intake and subjective perceptions of amount eaten using self-monitoring data. Forty subjects participated in the study: 20 bulimia nervosa patients and 20 normal controls. All subjects monitored their eating for a 2-week period and rated each eating episode on a Likert-type scale ranging from an undereat to a binge. Estimates of actual caloric intake were compared with these subjective ratings. Bulimics were found to overrate the amount consumed, relative to controls. The effect increased as caloric intake increased. Bulimics' ratings of amount eaten and binging were found to be predicted by the estimate of the actual amount eaten, the type of foods eaten, and the subjects' mood prior to eating, while nonbulimics' ratings were predicted only by the estimated actual amount. Subjective ratings of amount were found to be the best predictor of purgative activity. The results are discussed in terms of a perceptual bias theory, treatment implications, and possible revisions to the current DSM criteria for bulimia nervosa.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1997
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-2001
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1037/A0027447
Abstract: The relationship between a reported history of trauma and dissociative symptoms has been explained in 2 conflicting ways. Pathological dissociation has been conceptualized as a response to antecedent traumatic stress and/or severe psychological adversity. Others have proposed that dissociation makes in iduals prone to fantasy, thereby engendering confabulated memories of trauma. We examine data related to a series of 8 contrasting predictions based on the trauma model and the fantasy model of dissociation. In keeping with the trauma model, the relationship between trauma and dissociation was consistent and moderate in strength, and remained significant when objective measures of trauma were used. Dissociation was temporally related to trauma and trauma treatment, and was predictive of trauma history when fantasy proneness was controlled. Dissociation was not reliably associated with suggestibility, nor was there evidence for the fantasy model prediction of greater inaccuracy of recovered memory. Instead, dissociation was positively related to a history of trauma memory recovery and negatively related to the more general measures of narrative cohesion. Research also supports the trauma theory of dissociation as a regulatory response to fear or other extreme emotion with measurable biological correlates. We conclude, on the basis of evidence related to these 8 predictions, that there is strong empirical support for the hypothesis that trauma causes dissociation, and that dissociation remains related to trauma history when fantasy proneness is controlled. We find little support for the hypothesis that the dissociation-trauma relationship is due to fantasy proneness or confabulated memories of trauma.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1002/ERV.791
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Bulimia Test-Revised (BULIT-R). The goal was to test the factor-structure equivalence of the BULIT-R across two s les of college students from two different cultures, Spain and the US. Researchers using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) have reported different model solutions for the factor-structure of the BULIT-R: a one-factor model, a four-factor model, a five-factor model and a six-factor model. For the two s les, CFA did not support any of the models previously reported in the literature. EFA supported a six- and a four-factor models for the US and Spanish s les, respectively.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 1996
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2004
Abstract: Are the eating disorders discrete diagnostic entities or do they fall along one or more continua ranging from normal body weight, eating behavior, and weight concerns to severely disturbed patterns? Researchers have debated this question for at least 30 years and have used numerous creative strategies to examine this and related questions. This body of research is reviewed with particular attention to the more recent use of taxometric methods. Although somewhat mixed, much of the earlier research has been interpreted as supporting the continuity model. However, more recent taxometric research suggests the presence of one or more latent discontinuities, particularly with disorders associated with binge eating. These findings have implications for assessment, treatment, and possible prevention of eating disorders, and may ultimately allow us to better predict who will or will not develop an eating disorder in response to dieting, as well as who will or will not respond to particular treatments for an existing eating disorder.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2000
DOI: 10.1080/10640260008251236
Abstract: To study cross-cultural differences in various aspects of body image, we examined body size ratings of self, ideal, and ideal opposite sex, and predictions regarding the opposite sex, for men and women in two different cultures, one in which there is a high incidence of eating disorders (the United States) and one in which there is believed to be a lower incidence (Spain). Participants were 240 college students from universities in Spain or the southwest United States. A group-format version of the Body Image Assessment with both female and male silhouettes was administered to all participants. Women's ratings of current and ideal body sizes were very similar across countries, although there was a tendency for American women to be more dissatisfied with their body size. Greater differences were found for men in that, on average, American men wanted to be larger and Spanish men wanted to be smaller. Across countries, men's ratings of their ideal body size were consistent with what they predicted that women found attractive whereas women in both countries wanted to be thinner than what they predicted that men found attractive.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-08-1996
DOI: 10.1300/J070V05N01_1
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 11-1996
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2001
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-10-2020
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.127.6.715
Abstract: B. Rind, P. Tromovitch, and R. Bauserman (1998) examined the long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) by meta-analyzing studies of college students. The authors reported that effects "were neither pervasive nor typically intense" and that "men reacted much less negatively than women" (p. 22) and recommended value-neutral reconceptualization of the CSA construct. The current analysis revealed numerous problems in that study that minimized CSA-adjustment relations, including use of a healthy s le, an inclusive definition of CSA, failure to correct for statistical attenuation, and misreporting of original data. Rind et al.'s study's main conclusions were not supported by the original data. As such, attempts to use their study to argue that an in idual has not been harmed by sexual abuse constitute a serious misapplication of its findings.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2004
DOI: 10.1111/J.1471-6402.2004.00154.X
Abstract: We explored sociocultural, feminist, and psychological influences on women's body dissatisfaction by examining the manner in which awareness and internalization of appearance standards, feminist ideology, and self-esteem affect body dissatisfaction. A main goal of the study was to test a model of potential protective mechanisms against internalization of appearance standards. The LISREL 8.5 program was used to perform structural modeling analyses on the proposed theoretical models. The results supported previous findings regarding the influential role of sociocultural variables on women's body dissatisfaction. In particular, internalization was found to mediate the relationship between awareness and body dissatisfaction. Feminist ideology and self-esteem were not found to serve as protective mechanisms against internalization. However, self-esteem appeared to directly affect body dissatisfaction.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1992
DOI: 10.1007/BF00965175
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1995
DOI: 10.1207/S15327752JPA6403_7
Abstract: A multidimensional model of body-image disturbance was tested. The model incorporated the concepts of body-size distortion, preference for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and fear of fatness as predictors of restrictive eating. The LISREL 7 program was used to perform a structural modeling analysis of the theoretical model. A total of 175 women participated in the study (54 eating-disordered patients and 121 undergraduate students). The results supported the hypothesized four-dimensional model relative to alternative one-, two-, and three-dimensional models. Body dissatisfaction appeared to be directly affected by both body-size distortion and preference for thinness. Fear of fatness was found to be the best predictor of restrictive eating. The results appeared consistent across the clinical and nonclinical s les. These data may help resolve many of the current controversies in the body-image literature. The results also suggested the need to develop more sound assessment instruments for fear of fatness.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 07-08-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2003
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-1995
DOI: 10.1002/1098-108X(199507)18:1<99::AID-EAT2260180111>3.0.CO;2-B
Abstract: Dissociative symptomatology has been reported among patients with eating disorders, necessitating the availability of valid assessment instruments. In the current investigation, we examined the construct-related validity of two self-report instruments for assessing dissociative symptoms: the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40. The instruments were administered, along with instruments measuring depressive, anorexic, and bulimic symptomatology, to a s le of 125 eating disordered subjects. The dissociation measures demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity, with a convergent validity coefficient (r = .73) that was approximately equal to that for the instruments measuring each of the three other psychological constructs. A principal components analysis further supported the construct-related validity of the dissociation scales. Severity of dissociative symptoms was generally unrelated to anorexic or bulimic symptomatology, but was significantly associated with depression. The results supported the construct validity of the dissociation instruments and the general status of dissociation as a valid and well-defined psychological phenomenon.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-1999
DOI: 10.1177/107319119900600102
Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to develop a brief self-report inventory which could be used to evaluate treatment outcome for anorexia and bulimia nervosa. The Multifactorial Assessment of Eating Disorders Symptoms (MAEDS) was constructed to measure six symptom clusters which have been found to be central to the eating disorders: depression, binge eating, purgative behavior, fear of fatness, restrictive eating, and avoidance of forbidden foods. The factor structure of the MAEDS was found to be stable and it was found to have satisfactory reliability and validity. Normative data were collected so that raw scores could be converted to standardized scores. While still in the experimental stages, the MAEDS shows promise as a valid and economical measure of treatment interventions for anorexia and bulimia nervosa.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-04-2013
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2020
Abstract: Media literacy interventions provide education about the way media influence attitudes to tanned skin and promote risky health-related behaviors (e.g., sun exposure). This study tested whether higher levels of media literacy can protect against the internalization of a tanned ideal and participation in appearance comparisons online. A total of 151 young Australians aged 18 to 29 years (61 males, 90 females) completed a measure of media literacy before being randomly assigned to view photos of models with either tanned ( n = 77) or pale skin ( n = 74) on social media. Participants completed measures of internalization of a tanned ideal and tendency to make appearance comparisons following exposure to the photos. There were significant negative relationships between level of media literacy skills and both internalization of a tanned ideal and appearance comparisons. Moreover, exposure to tanned models resulted in a higher tendency to make appearance comparisons than exposure to pale models. Results indicate that media literacy skills protect against skin cancer risk factors associated with media exposure. Future interventions to reduce skin cancer risk should address the role of social networking sites in proclaiming tanned skin as ideal and increase skepticism about photos of tanned models online.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-09-2010
DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2010.511930
Abstract: The link between negative affect and binge eating in those with binge eating disorder (BED) has been well established. The present study examined the efficacy of a treatment for BED designed to increase recognition and regulation of negative emotion, replicating and extending a previous investigation (Clyne, C., & Bl ied, N.M. [2004]. Training in emotion regulation as a treatment for binge eating: A preliminary study. Behaviour Change, 21, 269-281) by including a control group, a larger number of participants, and formal diagnoses rather than classifying binge eating symptomatology from self-report questionnaires. Twenty-three women diagnosed with subthreshold or full syndrome BED (using the Eating Disorders Examination) participated in a treatment program that focused on increasing emotional regulation skills. Each participant completed the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire, the Binge Eating Scale, the Emotional Eating Scale, and completed self-monitoring records of binge episodes. Binge abstinence rates following treatment (post-treatment and 1 year follow-up were 78% and 87% respectively) were comparable to other empirically supported treatments for BED. Other positive changes in eating and general pathology were observed. These effects were well-maintained up to 1 year later.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-1998
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2007.01.001
Abstract: English and Spanish versions of the FCQ-T [Cepeda-Benito, A., Gleaves, D. H., Williams, T. L., & Erath, S. A. (2000). The development and validation of the state and trait food-cravings questionnaires. Behavior Therapy, 31, 151-173] were adapted to create the food chocolate-craving questionnaire trait (FCCQ-T). Female college students from England (N=293), and Spain (N=373) completed the FCCQ-T. Good and similar measurement fits for the English and Spanish versions were found. In concordance with the higher consumption of chocolate in Britain, British women reported greater chocolate cravings than Spanish women. Overall, the FCCQ-T appears a well-suited instrument to investigate chocolate cravings in English- and Spanish-speaking populations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2001
DOI: 10.1016/S0272-7358(00)00075-1
Abstract: Increased interest in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) has generated a wealth of recent research. This paper reviews the current literature regarding conceptualizations of the disorder, the development of assessment tools, and treatment outcome. Although BDD has been viewed as a variant of an eating disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, or a somatoform disorder, it appears best conceptualized as a body image disorder with social, psychological, and possibly biological influences. Assessment instruments with acceptable psychometric properies have been developed to specifically assess BDD (e.g., the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder). Examination and the initial results from uncontrolled and controlled treatment research suggest that cognitive behavioral treatments for BDD may be as effective as those for possibly related disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder and bulimia nervosa.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.1037/1093-4510.2.4.324
Abstract: It is well known that, as part of Freud's early work with "hysteria," he reported making discoveries of sexual abuse that he interpreted first as genuine but subsequently as fantasy. Several writers now argue that Freud never made such discoveries rather that he lied about them, only inferred abuse from his patients' symptoms, or suggested false memories to his clients. The present authors evaluate Freud's original work and these recent claims and conclude that (a) they are not new and are similar to the original reaction that Freud received (b) the assertion that Freud did not make discoveries of abuse is unwarranted and (c) these recent writers frequently have supported their positions by misrepresenting what Freud actually wrote, ignoring evidence that contradicted their position, failing to consider obvious and more plausible explanations for Freud's behavior, and going beyond the available data and stating with certainty what cannot be determined.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2000
DOI: 10.1177/088626000015002006
Abstract: A s le of 222 African American, Mexican American, or European American undergraduate students completed questionnaires assessing lifetime exposure to interpersonal violence and current levels of psychological distress. The frequency of interpersonal violence was high: 39.2% of the students reported direct exposure to at least one violent, nonsexual life event and 43.7% reported at least one violent sexual experience. Fourteen percent of the participants had lifetime diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder, with the highest reported rate occurring for the African Americans, who also reported more violent sexual and nonsexual experiences and higher levels of psychological distress. Women reported more direct sexual experiences whereas men reported more nonsexual violent events. Covariance analyses suggested that degree of exposure to violence explained most, but not all of the ethnic and gender differences found in terms of posttraumatic symptomatology. Thus, exposure to life-threatening events, rather than ethnic or gender group per se was most directly related to psychological distress.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-03-2003
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 09-1997
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2002
Abstract: A Esterson (2002) responded to the authors' analysis of recent reformulations of Freud's seduction theory and alleged sexual abuse discoveries. Esterson gave several additional ex les of the same type of problematic writing the authors discussed in their original article. His commentary is largely a repetition of several already-published arguments, and his numerous criticisms of the article are, in the authors' opinion, without merit. The authors address confusion over inferring abuse from symptoms, treatment of symptoms versus resolution of cases, and fathers as perpetrators of abuse. It is clear that, as long as the topic of child sexual abuse elicits heated debate, so will Freud's seduction theory, but there may be times when one needs to step back to allow a debate to move forward.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00960614
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-2006
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X06309119
Abstract: Erdelyi's dialectical repression theory attempts to reconcile what appear to be incompatible perspectives in the contentious area of memory for trauma. He partially succeeds and makes a strong case that repression is “an empirical fact,” but makes a weaker case that distortions and omissions are due to the same mechanism and that recovered memories are necessarily unreliable. Available data do not suggest that the return of the repressed is any less accurate than the return of the non-repressed.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 11-01-2019
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 02-2003
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 12-2008
DOI: 10.1037/A0013759
Abstract: Previous research has identified 2 broad components of distress in intimate relationships: overt conflict, or disharmony, and emotional distance, or disaffection. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the authors derived 2 broadband scales of disharmony and disaffection from the Marital Satisfaction Inventory-Revised (D. K. Snyder, 1997), building upon previous measures of these constructs (D. K. Snyder & Regts, 1982) derived from the original instrument. The new scales demonstrated high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as well as discriminative validity and convergent validity with independent criteria of relationship functioning. Distinct distributions of these scales in community and clinical s les suggested their complementary role in research on intimate relationships and assessment of couples in treatment.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-04-2019
Abstract: Body dissatisfaction (BD) is a common experience among preadolescent girls and a robust risk factor and precursor to eating pathology (EP). Although the relationship between BD and EP has been well documented, there is less research exploring the factors that may make this relationship more or less pronounced. In the current study, we investigated several factors that may moderate the relationship between BD and EP. Preadolescent girls ( n = 169) aged between 10 and 12 years completed questionnaires measuring EP, BD, negative affect, perfectionism, self-esteem, teasing, and perceived pressure from others and the media. Moderator analyses indicated that self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism, media pressure, and self-esteem each moderated the relationship between BD and EP. These factors may potentially make a preadolescent girl more susceptible to developing EP and may be useful to address in targeted prevention efforts among girls dissatisfied with their bodies.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 04-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-11-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S11136-010-9799-X
Abstract: Recent research has begun investigating the impact of eating disorders on health-related quality of life (QOL). The present study examined the impact of eating disorder psychopathology on QOL within a community s le. Two hundred and fourteen women completed questionnaires assessing eating disorder symptoms, body dissatisfaction, body checking and body avoidance behaviors, and general psychopathology. Eating disturbance and body image dissatisfaction were associated with poorer QOL. In addition, eating disorder psychopathology uniquely predicted QOL above and beyond the variance accounted for by general psychopathology. Both subjective bulimic episodes and objective bulimic episodes were associated with impairments in QOL. These results indicate that eating disorder psychopathology may adversely affect the lives of women within the community. Early intervention and detection could reduce the negative impact of eating disorder psychopathology on women's lives and protect in iduals with mild eating disorder symptoms from a further reduction in QOL.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1994
DOI: 10.1002/1098-108X(199412)16:4<371::AID-EAT2260160406>3.0.CO;2-W
Abstract: We examined the internal consistency and factor structure of the newly revised version of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), with particular emphasis on the examination of the three new provisional scales: Asceticism, Impulse Regulation, and Social Insecurity. Subjects were 300 women who were seeking treatment at a residential treatment facility for women with eating disorders. Chronbach's alphas ranged from .80 to .91 for the eight original scales whereas coefficients for the three new scales were all less than .80, the criterion stated as being necessary for inclusion in the test. Item-total correlations were also substantially lower for the three new scales. The results of principal components analyses with orthogonal rotation supported the factor structure of the original 64-item EDI, but not the three additional scales. These data generally supported the reliability and factor structure of the original eight scales but did not support the reliability or validity of the three provisional scales.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-06-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-10-1993
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-10-2021
Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Date: 03-2002
DOI: 10.1176/APPI.AJP.159.3.412
Abstract: The latent structure of eating disorder symptoms, as defined by DSM-IV, was tested in a group of 341 women with and without an eating disorder diagnosis. The study group consisted of 201 participants with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, or eating disorder not otherwise specified 24 comparison subjects who were obese but did not have an eating disorder diagnosis and 116 normal-weight comparison subjects. The presence and severity of DSM-IV eating disorder symptoms was assessed with the semi-structured Interview for the Diagnosis of Eating Disorders-IV. The study group was randomly ided into two subgroups for factor analytic studies, and the data were subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Pilot taxometric analyses were used to examine whether the obtained factors represented true dimensions or latent discrete classes. In exploratory factor analyses with data from subgroup 1, three factors were found to account for 66% of the variance in eating disorder symptoms: binge eating, fear of fatness/compensatory behaviors, and drive for extreme thinness. Confirmatory factor analysis cross-validated this factor structure with data from subgroup 2. The eating disorder groups and comparison groups were found to differ on at least one of the three factors. The results of the taxometric analyses were inconsistent with a strictly dimensional model of eating disorders and suggested that some features may be dimensional whereas others may be taxonic (discrete). The eating disorders, as defined by DSM-IV, can be conceptualized as having three latent features. Taxometric tests found empirical support for conceptualizing bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder as discrete syndromes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-01-2010
DOI: 10.1002/9780470479216.CORPSY0280
Abstract: Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a psychiatric condition that was formerly known as multiple personality disorder (MPD). DID is viewed as the most complex and severe of the dissociative disorders, a category that also includes dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, and depersonalization disorder (see Cardeña & Gleaves, 2007 for a discussion of other dissociative disorders). Although it is controversial and long regarded as exotic and rare, a wealth of research has been conducted on DID in recent years, particularly since the 1980s.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2007
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2013
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-1992
Abstract: To investigate the hypothesis that problems characteristic of eating disorders may often be associated with distance running, 20 women who had lost weight through distance running were compared with a control group who did not exercise and had not lost weight and a comparison group of bulimia nervosa patients. Dependent variables were measures of depression, bulimia nervosa symptomatology, and body image disturbance. No differences were found between the runner group and the normal controls. Bulimics differed from runners and controls on most measures. Thus, the results did not support the proposition that weight loss through running leads to problems related to eating and body image. The failure to find disturbances in body image in runners suggests that body image disturbances are not a direct result of weight loss, as suggested by some theorists.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-03-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-09-2022
DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2022.2119459
Abstract: The aim of the current study was to explore how the social stigmatization of dissociative identity disorder (DID) compared to that of schizophrenia and depressive disorders. Using a between-subjects experimental design, a total of 139 participants (126 usable data [39 men, 84 women, 3 other]) from the general population were randomly assigned to either a DID, schizophrenia, or depressive disorders experimental condition and responded to an adapted version of the Prejudice Toward People With Mental Illness (PPMI) Scale. Results suggested that, overall, depressive disorders were stigmatized against the least, schizophrenia was stigmatized against the most, and DID was intermediate, with its PPMI score being closer to schizophrenia than that of depressive disorders. We also found the same pattern for most of the subscales of the PPMI. At least relative to other well-known disorders, there is negative stigma associated with having DID.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-1994
DOI: 10.1002/1098-108X(199404)15:3<227::AID-EAT2260150305>3.0.CO;2-B
Abstract: Although cognitive behavior therapy has been found to be an effective treatment for bulimia nervosa, it has been noted that a subset of patients fail to engage in treatment. We examined the connection between a history of sexual abuse and symptoms suggestive of poor prognosis including a history of multiple therapists or hospitalizations, self-injury or suicide attempts, and alcohol or drug problems. Subjects were 464 bulimic women in treatment at a residential facility for women with eating disorders. Of the women with all of the indicators of poor prognosis, approximately 71% reported a history of sexual abuse. Of the women who reported none of the symptoms indicative of poor prognosis, only 15% reported a history of abuse, and none of these women reported recurrent abuse (greater than five times). We discuss the possible connections between previous treatment failures and histories of abuse and discuss the implications for successful case formulation and treatment.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.BODYIM.2013.07.002
Abstract: Although viewing media body ideals promotes body dissatisfaction and problematic eating among women (e.g., extreme restraint/overeating), some argue that women only report such negative effects because they think that they are meant to (i.e., demand characteristics). Because restrained eaters are trying to lose weight, they might be vulnerable to such media exposure. However, because of demand characteristics, evidence is mixed. Therefore, we minimized demand characteristics and explored whether media body ideals would trigger restrained eaters to report negative (negative mood, weight dissatisfaction) or positive (positive mood, weight satisfaction) effects. We also hypothesized that this change (negative or positive) would encourage food intake. Restrained and unrestrained eaters (n=107) memorized media or control images. Restrained eaters exposed to media images reported decreased weight satisfaction and increased negative mood, but their food intake was not significantly affected. Perhaps paying advertent attention to the images caused goal-related negative affect, which triggered restraint.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2000
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(200004)27:3<310::AID-EAT8>3.0.CO;2-Q
Abstract: We examined affective and cognitive components of body image related to physical appearance, weight, and health among 120 university men and women of three racial/ethnic groups: African American, European American, and Latino/a American. Participants completed a Background Information Sheet, the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), the Body-Esteem Scale (BES) with additional items, and the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR). We tested for effects of race/ethnicity and gender on the body image measures while controlling for age, body size, social desirability, and socioeconomic status (SES). African Americans reported greatest body satisfaction and least overestimation of weight. Latino/a Americans were equal to or higher than European Americans on all indices. Gender differences occurred on global body image, weight concerns, fitness, and health. There were no Gender x Race/Ethnicity interactions. This pattern of racial/ethnic and gender differences shows a need for exploring a wider range of culturally relevant body image dimensions.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 08-1998
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2000
DOI: 10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00141-2
Abstract: We developed and tested the psychometric properties of Spanish versions of the Trait and State Food Cravings Questionnaires (FCQ-T and FCQ-S respectively). The instruments were translated and adapted to Spanish and administered to undergraduate students from a Southern university in Spain (N = 271). The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis to compare the factor structure of the English and Spanish versions of both questionnaires. The factors structure of both questionnaires obtained excellent fit indices across their Spanish versions with the one exception that some factors of the FCQ-S were more highly intercorrelated among the Spanish s le than the American. This study supports the conceptualization of food cravings as universal multidimensional motivational states that can be reliably measured and supports the use of the Spanish versions of the FCQ.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-02-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.20492
Abstract: We evaluated the psychometric properties and measurement equivalence of various forms of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) (Cooper et al., Int J Eat Disord, 6, 485-494, 1987) in American and Spanish women with and without an eating disorder diagnosis. Participants included four groups of women: Euro-American (n = 505), Hispanic-American (n = 151), and Spanish (n = 445) females without an eating disorder and Spanish women being treated for an eating disorder (n = 177). Single and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses using maximum likelihood estimation with robust standard errors tested the data for configural and metric invariance. Goodness-of-fit statistics indicated that the original and all alternate forms of the BSQ fit the data well across groups. Most factor loadings were similar across groups. We also developed a 10-item version that appeared to be invariant across groups. Results strongly support configural invariance and offer some support for metric invariance.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 1994
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-01-2013
DOI: 10.1002/JCLP.21944
Abstract: The goal of this study was to translate the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3 Thompson, van den Berg, Roehrig, Guarda, & Heinberg, 2004) into Spanish and psychometrically evaluate the comparability of the Spanish translation to the original English version. 638 female college students from Spain and the United States completed the SATAQ-3 in Spanish and English, respectively. Internal consistency was high in both languages. Tests of factor equivalence suggested that the four pre-established factors of the SATAQ-3 (i.e., knowledge, perceived pressure, thin-ideal internalization, athletic-ideal internalization) were relatively similar between the two groups. Differences that emerged between groups (on items 6 and 20) were in the expected direction and appeared to be influenced by reverse-scoring or item wording. Results support the psychometric properties of this Spanish translation of the SATAQ-3 and support its use to measure endorsement of Western values and ideals of appearance in adult women.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-1995
DOI: 10.1002/1097-4679(199503)51:2<181::AID-JCLP2270510206>3.0.CO;2-T
Abstract: In a recent preliminary report, a multidimensional model for bulimia nervosa was proposed with latent dimensions body dissatisfaction, restricting behaviors, bulimic behaviors, and affective and personality disorder. It was suggested that body dissatisfaction clearly represented a distinct dimension of the disorder. In the current investigation, we cross-validated the prior results on a larger s le with a different set of variables and tested the fit against alternative models. Subjects were 497 women diagnosed as having bulimia nervosa. We performed a confirmatory factor analysis using the LISREL 7 program. The results supported the fit of the four-dimensional model, but also suggested that self-injurious behaviors may represent additional separate dimensions of the disorder, relatively independent of the affective disturbance.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2019
Abstract: We examined whether sharing photos on social networking sites and, in particular, the approach to sharing photos online were associated with internalization of a tanned ideal and appearance comparisons. Adolescents and young adults ( N = 587) completed measures of social networking site use, photo activities, internalization, and appearance comparisons. Regular photo-sharers internalized a tanned ideal to a greater extent and reported engaging in more frequent appearance comparisons to people in media than participants who did not regularly share photos online. Internalization was associated with editing photos prior to posting, whereas appearance comparisons were associated with investment, measured as the concern for the quality and effort expended in selecting photos (e.g., carefully selecting a photo, taking a photo specifically for posting) and editing photos prior to posting. Future interventions to reduce the risk of skin cancer should address users’ investment in the quality of photos they share online and the desire to manipulate photos to adhere to appearance ideals.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-01-2019
DOI: 10.1002/EAT.23009
Abstract: Despite the multitude of research surrounding anorexia nervosa (AN) and perfectionism, there is yet to be a thorough investigation comparing perfectionism in those diagnosed with AN and other eating disorders, and other psychiatric diagnoses. The current meta-analysis aimed to explore these comparisons. Following the Preferred Reporting Items or Systematic Reviews Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we identified empirical studies that compared maladaptive and/or adaptive perfectionism scores in those diagnosed with AN and either a non-clinical comparison group, people diagnosed with a non-AN ED, or people diagnosed with another psychological disorder (i.e., other DSM diagnoses). In total, we identified 23 studies, comprising 3,561 participants who were all female. Comparison groups extracted from the studies were a non-clinical group, bulimia nervosa (BN) diagnosis group, and another psychological diagnostic group. When AN maladaptive perfectionism levels were compared against the comparison groups, the results showed that those diagnosed with AN were more perfectionistic compared to the non-clinical group (g = 1.00), and the other psychiatric diagnosis group (g = 0.41). People diagnosed with AN also had higher levels of adaptive perfectionism levels compared to the non-clinical group (g = 1.24). Comparisons between those diagnosed with AN and BN were statistically non-significant for maladaptive perfectionism. Although publication bias potentially affected the psychological diagnosis group comparisons, findings suggest that maladaptive perfectionism is a factor associated with both AN and BN.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2006
DOI: 10.1080/10640260600638899
Abstract: Eating disorder prevention programs have yielded mixed results and are somewhat controversial, primarily because of claims they may produce iatrogenic effects. We used meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of eating disorder prevention programs and investigate moderators of intervention effects. Overall, prevention programs had large effects on improving knowledge and small net effects on reducing maladaptive eating attitudes and behaviors. Studies targeting participants at a relatively higher risk for developing an eating disorder produced greater benefits. Concerns about iatrogenic effects of including psychoeducational material on eating disorders were not supported by the data. These findings challenge conclusions drawn in previous review articles regarding the ineffectiveness of prevention programs and support the ability of eating disorder prevention programs to demonstrate behavioral improvements.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-11-2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.1530-0277.2006.00002.X
Abstract: Alcoholic liver disease is known to be associated with abnormal iron homeostasis, and iron metabolism itself is regulated by the liver-derived peptide hepcidin. Both CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) have been shown to regulate hepcidin gene transcription. To investigate mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced disturbances in iron homeostasis by measuring the expression of hepcidin and C/EBPalpha mRNA using in vivo and in vitro models of alcoholic liver injury. Male rats were pair-fed an alcoholic liquid diet for 12 weeks. RT-PCR was performed on liver tissue using specific primers for hepcidin and C/EBPalpha. The effect of alcohol on hepcidin and C/EBPalpha gene expression was also determined in isolated hepatocytes, HuH-7 cells and HepG2 cells treated with 50 mM ethanol, 200 microM acetaldehyde, and/or 20 ng/ml IL-6. Hepcidin and C/EBPalpha mRNA expression were significantly decreased in alcohol-fed rats compared with pair-fed controls (6-fold p < 0.001 and 2.2-fold p < 0.0002 reduction, respectively) and hepatic lipid peroxidation was increased by 32.5% (p < 0.05) in alcohol-fed rats compared with controls. Hepcidin gene expression was not altered significantly in cells cultured in the presence of 50 mM ethanol. Following 24 hour stimulation by IL-6, there was a 4-fold increase in hepcidin expression in hepatocytes and a 9-fold increase in HuH-7 cells. Ethanol (50 mM) attenuated the IL-6-induced increase in hepcidin expression in HuH-7 cells (9-fold to a 4-fold increase) but not in hepatocytes. Acetaldehyde had no effect on hepcidin gene expression in cells in culture. The down-regulation of hepcidin and C/EBPalpha gene expression shown in vivo implies disturbed iron sensing contributing to the hepatosiderosis seen in alcoholic liver disease, possibly by mechanisms involving the IL-6 signaling cascade.
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759.24.2.81
Abstract: To understand the relevance of the fear of fatness construct across culture and gender, we translated the Goldfarb Fear of Fat Scale (GFFS) and examined its psychometric properties in English and Spanish languages in a s le of Euro-American male (n = 111) and female (n = 100), and Spanish male (n = 114) and female (n = 544) college students in the United States and Spain. Confirmatory and exploratory analyses tested the measurement equivalence of the instrument across s les by gender and culture. Eight of the 10 items appeared to demonstrate measurement invariance. Mean comparisons on the eight-item version suggested that there was a gender by country interaction, with Euro-American women scoring substantially higher than the three other groups. Overall, these results highlight the need for additional examinations of cross-cultural instrument invariance and explorations of the fear of fatness construct.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 24-08-2007
Abstract: Biotin-dependent multifunctional enzymes carry out metabolically important carboxyl group transfer reactions and are potential targets for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. These enzymes use a tethered biotin cofactor to carry an activated carboxyl group between distantly spaced active sites. The mechanism of this transfer has remained poorly understood. Here we report the complete structure of pyruvate carboxylase at 2.0 angstroms resolution, which shows its domain arrangement. The structure, when combined with mutagenic analysis, shows that intermediate transfer occurs between active sites on separate polypeptide chains. In addition, domain rearrangements associated with activator binding decrease the distance between active-site pairs, providing a mechanism for allosteric activation. This description provides insight into the function of biotin-dependent enzymes and presents a new paradigm for multifunctional enzyme catalysis.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2001
DOI: 10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00073-2
Abstract: We review the empirical evidence for the validity of the Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) diagnosis, the vast majority of which has come from research conducted within the last 10 years. After reviewing three different guidelines to establish diagnostic validity, we conclude that considerable converging evidence supports the inclusion of DID in the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders. For instance, DID appears to meet all of the guidelines for inclusion and none of the exclusion guidelines proposed by Blashfield et al. [Comprehensive Psychiatry 31 (1990) 15-19], and it is one of the few disorders currently supported by taxometric research. However, we also discuss possible problems with the current diagnostic criteria and offer recommendations, based on recent research, for possible revisions to these criteria.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2003
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00964324
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 2009
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-12-2009
DOI: 10.1080/10640260903439532
Abstract: White American cultural values of appearance are implicated in the development of body dissatisfaction. This study examined whether the relationships between awareness of White American appearance ideals, internalization of such ideals, and body dissatisfaction are moderated by behavioral acculturation and attitudinal marginalization in a s le of 94 Mexican American women. Results indicated that behavioral acculturation moderated the relationship between awareness and internalization and cognitive marginalization moderated the relationship between internalization and body dissatisfaction. Body size was positively correlated with body dissatisfaction and negatively correlated with behavioral acculturation. These findings have important implications for clinical practice and research with Mexican American women.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)E0031-D
Abstract: The principal aim of this study was to examine the factor structure of several assessment methods used to measure dietary restraint, body dissatisfaction, and body image. Factor analysis was employed to identify and confirm the primary constructs measured by these assessment methods. A total of 206 undergraduate women were recruited as subjects. This s le was ided into two subsets of 100 and 106 subjects. On the first subset, principle components analysis identified three factors: body dysphoria, dietary restraint, and body image. With the second subset of subjects, confirmatory factor analysis cross-validated this factor structure. A two factor solution, body dysphoria and dietary restraint, was identified and confirmed when the body image measure was converted to a self-minus-ideal discrepancy score. These findings are discussed in relation to the definition of control groups to be used in studies of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Guidelines for the selection of measures for each of the three factors also are presented.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1002/ACP.866
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-04-2023
No related grants have been discovered for David Gleaves.