ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4854-9935
Current Organisations
University of Southampton
,
skyline university College
,
Riphah International University
,
Gachon University
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Publisher: Computers, Materials and Continua (Tech Science Press)
Date: 2021
Publisher: Computers, Materials and Continua (Tech Science Press)
Date: 2021
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2021
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-06-2015
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-09-2021
DOI: 10.3390/EN14185614
Abstract: A Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is one of the most efficient technologies and is widely adopted for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The IoT consists of massive End Devices (EDs) deployed over large geographical areas, forming a large environment. LoRaWAN uses an Adaptive Data Rate (ADR), targeting static EDs. However, the ADR is affected when the channel conditions between ED and Gateway (GW) are unstable due to shadowing, fading, and mobility. Such a condition causes massive packet loss, which increases the convergence time of the ADR. Therefore, we address the convergence time issue and propose a novel ADR at the network side to lower packet losses. The proposed ADR is evaluated through extensive simulation. The results show an enhanced convergence time compared to the state-of-the-art ADR method by reducing the packet losses and retransmission under dynamic mobile LoRaWAN network.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-06-2014
DOI: 10.1111/PCE.12376
Abstract: The readily available global rock phosphate (P) reserves may run out within the next 50-130 years, causing soils to have a reduced P concentration which will affect plant P uptake. Using a combination of mathematical modelling and experimental data, we investigated potential plant-based options for optimizing crop P uptake in reduced soil P environments. By varying the P concentration within a well-mixed agricultural soil, for high and low P (35.5-12.5 mg L(-1) respectively using Olsen's P index), we investigated branching distributions within a wheat root system that maximize P uptake. Changing the root branching distribution from linear (evenly spaced branches) to strongly exponential (a greater number of branches at the top of the soil) improves P uptake by 142% for low-P soils when root mass is kept constant between simulations. This causes the roots to emerge earlier and mimics topsoil foraging. Manipulating root branching patterns, to maximize P uptake, is not enough on its own to overcome the drop in soil P from high to low P. Further mechanisms have to be considered to fully understand the impact of P reduction on plant development.
Publisher: The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-ULAKBIM) - DIGITAL COMMONS JOURNALS
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.3906/ELK-1303-202
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1109/ISMS.2013.26
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-08-2022
DOI: 10.3390/S22166243
Abstract: Hundreds of image encryption schemes have been conducted (as the literature review indicates). The majority of these schemes use pixels as building blocks for confusion and diffusion operations. Pixel-level operations are time-consuming and, thus, not suitable for many critical applications (e.g., telesurgery). Security is of the utmost importance while writing these schemes. This study aimed to provide a scheme based on block-level scrambling (with increased speed). Three streams of chaotic data were obtained through the intertwining logistic map (ILM). For a given image, the algorithm creates blocks of eight pixels. Two blocks (randomly selected from the long array of blocks) are swapped an arbitrary number of times. Two streams of random numbers facilitate this process. The scrambled image is further XORed with the key image generated through the third stream of random numbers to obtain the final cipher image. Plaintext sensitivity is incorporated through SHA-256 hash codes for the given image. The suggested cipher is subjected to a comprehensive set of security parameters, such as the key space, histogram, correlation coefficient, information entropy, differential attack, peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), noise, and data loss attack, time complexity, and encryption throughput. In particular, the computational time of 0.1842 s and the throughput of 3.3488 Mbps of this scheme outperforms many published works, which bears immense promise for its real-world application.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2015
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Muhammad Adnan Khan.