ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8297-5319
Current Organisation
The University of Auckland
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JTOS.2019.02.010
Abstract: Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most prevalent ocular surface disorders that presents clinically. Recently, the semifluorinated alkane (SFA) perfluorohexyloctane (NovaTears Interactions of both SFAs with the corneal surface were evaluated ex vivo using high-speed photography. The in vivo influence of SFAs on tear fluid dynamics was evaluated in healthy rabbit eyes observing changes in lipid layer grade, tear evaporation rate, tear volume and tear osmolarity. Furthermore, ocular tolerability was confirmed by clinical scoring and sodium fluorescein staining. Ex vivo studies demonstrated that both SFAs rapidly spread on the ocular surface with their contact angle on the cornea being virtually zero. A significant improvement in lipid layer grade was observed immediately after instillation of both SFAs in vivo, although the improvement was more sustained upon instillation of perfluorohexyloctane with a statistically significant difference compared to saline instillation evident from day five onwards. No significant changes in tear evaporation rate, volume or osmolarity, nor any signs of ocular irritation were observed after application of either SFA over the seven-day study period. Both SFAs showed excellent spreading on the ocular surface. Perfluorohexyloctane improved the lipid layer grade significantly after topical application supporting its potential to stabilise the tear film lipid layer and thus provide symptomatic relief in evaporative DED.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-03-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-11-2019
DOI: 10.1111/CEO.13671
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-08-2023
DOI: 10.3390/ANTIBIOTICS12081334
Abstract: There have been multiple reports of eye infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with increasing evidence of ineffective treatment outcomes from existing therapies. With respect to corneal infections, the most commonly used antibiotics (fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and cephalosporines) are demonstrating reduced efficacy against bacterial keratitis isolates. While traditional methods are losing efficacy, several novel technologies are under investigation, including light-based anti-infective technology with or without chemical substrates, phage therapy, and probiotics. Many of these methods show non-selective antimicrobial activity with potential development as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. Multiple preclinical studies and a limited number of clinical case studies have confirmed the efficacy of some of these novel methods. However, given the rapid evolution of corneal infections, their treatment requires rapid institution to limit the impact on vision and prevent complications such as scarring and corneal perforation. Given their rapid effects on microbial viability, light-based technologies seem particularly promising in this regard.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2020
DOI: 10.1111/OPO.12691
Abstract: There is increasing clinical and research interest in the potential contribution of Demodex to ocular surface disease. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise and synthesise current clinical evidence relating to the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of ocular Demodex . A comprehensive literature search was performed in OVID Medline, OVID Embase, and clinical trial registries, for studies published between 1990 and August 2019, examining Demodex on the ocular surface. The review included primary clinical research studies and systematic reviews of primary clinical research studies, where Demodex was considered in the context of the ocular surface and/or adnexa. Studies were categorised using the National Health and Medical Research Council evidence hierarchy. Risk of bias assessment was performed using validated tools for studies categorised as providing Level I or II evidence. A total of 87 studies were eligible for inclusion, including two systematic reviews. Most studies (60%) were observational, describing the prevalence of ocular Demodex in different clinical populations. There was a high degree of variability in the epidemiological data derived from cross‐sectional aetiology studies. There was mostly consistent evidence to support an association between ocular Demodex and chronic blepharitis. Seven diagnostic test‐accuracy studies were identified, which considered a range of techniques, including slit l examination for cylindrical eyelash collarettes and/or eyelash manipulation techniques, light microscopic evaluation of epilated eyelashes and in vivo confocal microscopy. There is currently no accepted gold‐standard diagnostic method for ocular Demodex. For intervention studies, there was one systematic review, 11 published randomised trials, six trial registry entries, and nine case series. Despite a number of recent trials, the appropriate treatment regimen for ocular Demodex (including the optimal criteria and timing of an intervention) is not clearly established. This comprehensive narrative synthesis has captured the landscape of clinical evidence relating to the prevalence, aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of ocular Demodex . There remain opportunities to enhance understanding of its role in ocular surface disease, best diagnostic approaches and optimal treatment protocols.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLAE.2021.101450
Abstract: To explore the journey taken by patients in a range of different countries to manage their dry eye symptoms. Members of the general public who responded positively to the question "Do your eyes ever feel dry?" completed a questionnaire describing their demographics, the impact of their symptomology, the advice they have received and the management options they have tried. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was also completed. A total of 916 in iduals (Canada = 235, Mexico = 127, New Zealand = 157, Taiwan = 246, UK = 151) of similar age distribution (median 38 years, IQR: 27-50) completed the survey. The reported duration of symptoms was longest in Canada (median 4 years, range 2-10) and least in Taiwan (2 years, range 1-3 p < 0.001), and similar trends were observed for symptom severity (p = 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference between countries with respect to the impact of symptoms on quality of life (median 3/10 p = 0.08). Less than half of the in iduals in any country had consulted with a health professional. About half had tried a treatment for their dry eye symptoms, with artificial tears being the most common treatment, followed by warm compresses, and both therapies were rated as reasonably effective (median 5-7/10). Many people with dry eye symptoms are not consulting health care professionals who can confirm the diagnosis, exclude differential diagnoses, and offer a wide range of treatments targeted at the dry eye subtype.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JTOS.2022.05.004
Abstract: Preclinical evaluation of the therapeutic potential of antimicrobial 265 nm UVC for infectious keratitis. Four experiments explored UVC: 1) impact on bacterial and fungal lawns on agar, in in idual or mixed culture, 2) bacterial inactivation dose in an in vitro deep corneal infection model, 3) dose validation in an ex vivo porcine keratitis model and 4) efficacy in a masked, randomised, controlled murine keratitis trial using bioluminescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimum effective UVC exposures ranged between 2 s and 5 s for lawn bacteria and fungi in in idual or mixed culture. Significant P. aeruginosa growth inhibition in the in vitro infection model was achieved with 15 s UVC, that resulted in a >3.5 log UVC inhibited all tested bacteria and fungi, including mixed culture and strains linked to antibiotic resistance, in vitro, with exposures of ≤ 5 s. In vitro and ex vivo testing confirmed therapeutic potential of 15 s UVC. In vivo, 15 s UVC administered in two doses, 4 h apart, proved effective in treating murine bacterial keratitis.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-11-2017
DOI: 10.1111/CEO.13086
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLAE.2018.06.003
Abstract: To evaluate the patient-administered Optrex Eighty-seven participants aged 38 ± 17 years, (44 female) were screened for DED using the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop II (TFOS DEWS II) diagnostic criteria. In addition to symptoms screening with the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire (≥13 cut-off score for DED), these criteria required a sign of loss of homeostasis of the tear film in the form of a non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT) 8 (Tearlab), or ocular surface staining (>5 fluorescein corneal spots, >9 lissamine green spots or lid wiper staining [≥2 mm length & ≥25% width]) to confirm a diagnosis of DED. The self-administered Blink Test, which requires the participant to observe an image on a computer screen and report the length of time (in seconds) that they can refrain from blinking without discomfort, was repeated three times. Using a cut-off time of 10 s, the Blink Test demonstrated sensitivity of 66%, specificity of 88%, and an area under the curve of 0.77 (p < 0.001), in predicting a diagnosis of DED according to the TFOS DEWS II criteria. The correlation between the Blink Test and NIBUT was r = 0.47 (p < 0.001). When combined with the screening questionnaire, the sensitivity and specificity of the Blink Test increased to 71% and 90%, respectively. The Blink Test offers health professionals without advanced instrumentation, as well as patients, themselves, a rapid method of identifying possible DED.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-11-2018
DOI: 10.1111/CEO.13415
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1155/2016/3769341
Abstract: Background. The bacteria isolated from severe cases of keratitis and their antibiotic sensitivity are recognised to vary geographically and over time. Objectives. To identify the most commonly isolated bacteria in keratitis cases admitted over a 24-month period to a public hospital in Auckland, New Zealand, and to investigate in vitro sensitivity to antibiotics. Methods. Hospital admissions for culture-proven bacterial keratitis between January 2013 and December 2014 were identified. Laboratory records of 89 culture positive cases were retrospectively reviewed and antibiotic sensitivity patterns compared with previous studies from other NZ centres. Results. From 126 positive cultures, 35 species were identified. Staphylococcus was identified to be the most common isolate (38.2%), followed by Pseudomonas (21.3%). Over the last decade, infection due to Pseudomonas species, in the same setting, has increased ( p ≤ 0.05 ). Aminoglycosides, cefazolin, ceftazidime, erythromycin, tetracycline, and doxycycline were 100% effective against tested isolates in vitro . Amoxicillin (41.6%), cefuroxime (33.3%), and chlor henicol (94.7%) showed reduced efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria, whereas penicillin (51%) and ciprofloxacin (98.8%) showed reduced efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusions. Despite a shift in the spectrum of bacterial keratitis isolates, antibiotic sensitivity patterns have generally remained stable and show comparability to results within the last decade from NZ centres.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JTOS.2017.10.005
Abstract: To compare the efficacy of a dedicated eyelid cleanser and diluted baby sh oo in the management of blepharitis. Forty-three participants with clinical blepharitis signs were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-masked, paired-eye trial. A dedicated eyelid cleanser (TheraTears Baseline measurements did not differ between treatments (all p > 0.05). The eyelid cleanser was preferred over baby sh oo by the majority of participants (p < 0.001). Improvements in the tear lipid layer, inferior lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE), cylindrical collarettes, and MMP-9 expression were limited to the dedicated eyelid cleanser (all p < 0.05), and a greater decrease in SANDE symptoms score was also observed (p = 0.04). Meibomian gland capping and MUC5AC expression worsened with baby sh oo treatment (both p < 0.05). SPEED symptoms score, superior LWE, seborrhoeic lash crusting, and trichiasis decreased significantly following application of both treatments (all p 0.05). Clinical improvements in blepharitis occurred with both treatments. However, only the dedicated eyelid cleanser proved effective in reducing ocular surface inflammation, and was the preferred therapy. Long term impact of decreased goblet cell function secondary to baby sh oo treatment requires further exploration.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JTOS.2017.08.003
Abstract: This article presents an Executive Summary of the conclusions and recommendations of the 10-chapter TFOS DEWS II report. The entire TFOS DEWS II report was published in the July 2017 issue of The Ocular Surface. A downloadable version of the document and additional material, including videos of diagnostic and management techniques, are available on the TFOS website: www.TearFilm.org.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
No related grants have been discovered for Jennifer Craig.