ORCID Profile
0000-0003-1329-6413
Current Organisations
Utrecht University
,
University of Twente
,
University of Groningen
,
Dutch Psychotrauma Association (NtVP)
,
University of New South Wales
,
Opleidingsinstituut PPO
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Publisher: BMJ
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-055696
Abstract: A growing body of literature shows profound effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, among which increased rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and adjustment disorder (AD). However, current research efforts have largely been unilateral, focusing on psychopathology and not including well-being, and are dominated by examining average psychopathology levels or on disorder absence resence, thereby ignoring in idual differences in mental health. Knowledge on in idual differences, as depicted by latent subgroups, in the full spectrum of mental health may provide valuable insights in how in iduals transition between health states and factors that predict transitioning from resilient to symptomatic classes. Our aim is to (1) identify longitudinal classes (ie, subgroups of in iduals) based on indicators of PTSD, AD and well-being in response to the pandemic and (2) examine predictors of transitioning between these subgroups. We will conduct a three-wave longitudinal online survey study of n≥2000 adults from the general Dutch population. The first measurement occasion takes place 6 months after the start of the pandemic, followed by two follow-up measurements with 6 months of intervals. Latent transition analysis will be used for data analysis. Ethical approval has been obtained from four Dutch universities. Longitudinal study designs are vital to monitor mental health (and predictors thereof) in the pandemic to develop preventive and curative mental health interventions. This study is carried out by researchers who are board members of the Dutch Society for Traumatic Stress Studies and is part of a pan-European study (initiated by the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies) examining the impact of the pandemic in 11 countries. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at conferences, via newsletters, and media appearance among (psychotrauma) professionals and the general public.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-09-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-01-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-07-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2017
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 24-02-2023
Abstract: Prolonged grief disorder, a condition characterized by severe, persistent and disabling grief, is newly included in ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR. Prolonged grief symptoms can be effectively treated with face-to-face or internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy. Traumatic losses may elicit higher prevalence of severe grief reactions. While face-to-face cognitive behavioral therapy appears efficacious in treating prolonged grief symptoms in traumatically bereaved in iduals, it is not yet clear if internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy is efficacious for this population. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of a 12-week internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for people bereaved through traffic accidents in a randomized waitlist-controlled trial (registration number: NL7497, Dutch Trial Register). Forty adults bereaved though a traffic accident were randomized to internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (n = 19) or a waitlist control condition (n = 21). Prolonged grief, posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms were assessed at baseline, post-treatment and 8-week follow-up. Dropout in the treatment condition was relatively high (42%) compared to the control condition (19%). Nevertheless, multilevel analyses showed that internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy strongly reduced prolonged grief, posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms relative to the control condition at post-treatment and follow-up. We conclude that internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy appears a promising treatment for traumatically bereaved adults.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-03-2018
DOI: 10.1111/SJOP.12440
Abstract: Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor involved in depression and anxiety symptoms and disorders. IU encompasses Prospective IU ("Unforeseen events upset me greatly") and Inhibitory IU ("The smallest doubt can stop me from acting"). Research has yet to explore whether subgroups or classes of people exist characterized by different profiles of IU. This study used latent class analysis to identify such subgroups and examined if different classes of IU were distinct in terms of several cognitive vulnerabilities and psychological symptoms. Data were obtained from 519 students completing a 12-item measure of IU. Four subgroups were identified, characterized by low IU, predominantly Prospective IU, predominantly Inhibitory IU, and high IU, respectively. People in the high IU class reported cognitive vulnerabilities and depression and anxiety more than people in the low IU class. Inhibitory IU was more strongly associated with poor outcomes than was Prospective IU.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-06-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2020
DOI: 10.1002/JCLP.22977
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.COMPPSYCH.2022.152351
Abstract: Current grief research is dominated by cross-sectional studies assessing prolonged grief disorder (PGD) symptoms retrospectively. Examining grief in daily life, using Experience S ling Methodology (ESM), may advance the field. Because of the lack of ESM-research on PGD, we evaluated the acceptability and feasibility of assessing PGD symptoms in daily life of bereaved people. ESM-items assessing PGD symptoms were developed using cognitive interviewing with five ESM/grief experts. Eighty bereaved adults completed these ESM-items five times a day for two weeks. Before and after this ESM-phase, interviews were administered assessing PGD retrospectively (using the Traumatic Grief Inventory-Clinical Administered). t-tests were performed comparing symptom severity of aggregated moment-to-moment recall (using ESM-items) with retrospective recall (based on interviews) of PGD symptoms. Acceptability of participating in ESM-research (assessed with the Reactions to Research Participation Questionnaire) was examined using descriptive statistics. Feasibility was evaluated by reporting compliance and retention rates. Minor changes were made to the ESM-items based on expert interviews. Average levels of aggregated moment-to-moment recall of the symptoms "yearning" (d = -1.04), "preoccupation with the deceased" (d = -0.91), "marked sense of disbelief" (d = -0.43), and "intense loneliness" (d = -0.28) were lower compared with retrospective recalling these symptoms. On average, bereaved people were neutral about personal benefits gained through participation in this EMS-study. They indicated that participation did not raise emotional reactions. Compliance and retention rates were 60% and 65%, respectively. Our findings indicate that whereas compliance and retention is challenging, using ESM to study PGD symptoms in daily life might be useful. Nevertheless, more research is needed.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 21-03-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-08-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPSYCHIRES.2021.12.009
Abstract: Exposure to potentially traumatic events and post-migration living difficulties (PMLDs) may explain the high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in resettled refugees. Latent class analyses (LCAs) in refugees have identified subgroups that differ in symptom profiles of PTSD and comorbid symptoms. However, knowledge on longitudinal symptom profiles in refugees is sparse. Examining longitudinal PTSD and depression symptom profiles could provide information on risk factors underlying worsening of symptoms post-resettlement. Self-rated PTSD (Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) symptoms were assessed among 613 refugees who had resettled in Australia up to two years previously (W1) and at 6 months follow-up (W2). PTSD and depression symptom profiles were identified using LCAs for W1 and W2 separately. Latent transition analysis was used to examine (predictors of) changes in symptom profiles, including gender, age, trauma exposure, and PMLDs. Four classes were identified that were consistent across timepoints: a No symptoms (W1 61% W2 68%), Low PTSD/Moderate depression (W1 16% W2 10%), Moderate PTSD/depression (W1 16% W2 14%), and High symptoms class (W1 7% W2 7%). Higher levels of problems with PMLDs, including being discrimination and family separation, predicted movements out of the No symptom class at W1 to classes with psychopathology at W2. To conclude, most participants did not develop PTSD or depression symptoms. The risk of developing these symptoms seems higher when problems with interpersonal PMLDs increased, pointing to the need for considering these stressors when addressing the mental health needs in this population.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-01-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-01-2021
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2018
Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 13-11-2019
DOI: 10.1192/BJP.2019.240
Abstract: Five diagnostic criteria sets for pathological grief are currently used in research. Studies evaluating their performance indicate that it is not justified to generalise findings regarding prevalence rates and predictive validity across studies using different diagnostic criteria of pathological grief. We provide recommendations to move the bereavement field forward.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-07-2018
DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2018.1480546
Abstract: The Traumatic Grief Inventory Self-Report version (TGI-SR) is an 18-item self-report measure. It was designed to assess symptoms of Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD) included in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 and Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) proposed by an international group of experts in grief. The research in this article used data from a bereaved patient s le and people who lost loved ones in the Ukrainian airplane crash in July 2014. Findings indicated that the TGI-SR is a reliable and valid tool to assess disturbed grief in research and to identify people needing a more comprehensive assessment of their grief in clinical settings.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-10-2023
DOI: 10.1002/CPP.2922
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-11-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-09-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S00127-019-01776-W
Abstract: Prior latent class analyses (LCA) have focused on people who were bereaved more than 6 months earlier. Research has yet to examine patterns and correlates of emotional responses in the first few months of bereavement. We examined whether subgroups could be identified among very recently (≤ 6 months) bereaved adults, based on their endorsement of symptoms of prolonged grief disorder (PGD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. Associations of class membership with overall disturbed grief, PTSD, and depression—assessed concurrently and at 6 months follow-up—were examined. Furthermore, we examined differences between classes regarding socio-demographics, loss-related, and cognitive behavioural variables. PGD, PTSD, and depression self-report data from 322 Dutch in iduals bereaved ≤ 6 months earlier were subjected to LCA N = 159 completed the follow-up assessment. Correlates of class membership were examined. Three classes were identified: a low symptom class ( N = 114 35.4%), a predominantly PGD class ( N = 96 29.8%), and a high symptom class ( N = 112 34.8%). PGD, PTSD, and depression scores (assessed concurrently and at 6 months follow-up) differed significantly between classes, such that low symptom class predominantly PGD class high symptom class. Being a woman, younger, more recently bereaved, experiencing deaths of a partner/child and unnatural losses, plus maladaptive cognitions and avoidance behaviours were associated with membership of the pervasive symptom classes. In the first 6 months of bereavement, meaningful subgroups of bereaved people can be distinguished, which highlights the relevance of early detection of people with elevated bereavement-related distress and offering them preventive interventions that foster adaptation to loss.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2016.11.012
Abstract: Traumatic loss (e.g., homicide) is associated with elevated prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Several studies comparing relatives of missing persons with homicidally bereaved in iduals showed inconsistent results about the difference in PGD- and PTSD-levels between the groups. These studies were conducted in the context of armed conflict, which may confound the results. The current study aims to compare PGD- and PTSD-levels between the groups outside the context of armed conflict. Relatives of long-term missing persons (n=134) and homicidally bereaved in iduals (n=331) completed self-report measures of PGD and PTSD. Multilevel regression modelling was used to compare symptom scores between the groups. Homicidally bereaved in iduals reported significantly higher levels of PGD (d=0.86) and PTSD (d=0.28) than relatives of missing persons, when taking relevant covariates (i.e., gender, time since loss, and kinship to the disappeared/deceased person) into account. A limitation of this study is the use of self-report measures instead of clinical interviews. Prior studies among relatives of missing persons and homicidally bereaved in iduals in the context of armed conflict may not be generalizable to similar s les outside these contexts. Future research is needed to further explore differences in bereavement-related psychopathology between different groups and correlates and treatment of this psychopathology.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-03-2023
Abstract: Background: The disappearance of a significant person is an ambiguous loss due to the persistent uncertainty about the whereabouts of the person. Measures specifically capturing the psychological consequences of ambiguous loss are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to develop the Ambiguous Loss Inventory Plus (ALI+) and evaluated its suitability for use with relatives of missing persons. Methods: ALI+ items were generated based on established measures for prolonged grief symptoms and literature on psychological responses to ambiguous loss. Eight relatives of missing persons (three refugees, five non-refugees) and seven international experts on ambiguous loss rated all items in terms of understandability and relevance on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very well). Results: On average, the comprehensibility of the items was rated as high (all items ≥ 3.7). Likewise, all items were rated as relevant for the assessment of common responses to the disappearance of a loved one. Only minor changes were made to the wording of the items based on the experts’ feedback. Conclusions: These descriptive results indicate that the ALI+ seems to cover the intended concept, thus showing promising face and content validity. However, further psychometric evaluations of the ALI+ are needed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.COMPPSYCH.2021.152281
Abstract: When grief reactions after bereavement are so intense that they impair daily functioning, a diagnosis of disturbed grief may apply. Slightly differing criteria-sets for disturbed grief are included in the ICD-11, the DSM-5, and its forthcoming text revision, DSM-5-TR. We examined psychometric properties of a new self-report measure, the 22-item Traumatic Grief Inventory-Self Report Plus (TGI-SR+), that assesses these criteria sets for Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD) as per DSM-5, and Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) as defined in ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR. We examined the: i) factor structure, ii) internal consistency, iii) temporal stability, iv) convergent validity, v) known-groups validity, vi) probable caseness, and vii) optimal clinical cut-off scores in two Dutch bereaved s les. S le 1 consisted of 278 adults, bereaved by various causes. S le 2 included 270 adults who lost loved ones in a traffic accident. We found support for a 3-factor PCBD model, 1-factor DSM-5-TR model, and 1-factor ICD-11 PGD model. The DSM-5 PCBD, DSM-5-TR PGD, and ICD-11 PGD items demonstrated good internal consistency and temporal stability. Associations between disturbed grief symptoms and posttraumatic stress and depression levels supported convergent validity. Associations between demographic/loss-related variables and disturbed grief symptoms supported known-groups validity. Optimal clinical cut-offs for the TGI-SR+ total score were ≥ 75, ≥71, and ≥ 75 for probable caseness of DSM-5 PCBD, DSM-5-TR PGD, and ICD-11 PGD, respectively. While replication of our findings in erse bereaved s les is needed, we conclude that the TGI-SR+ is a reliable and valid measure to assess symptoms of DSM-5 PCBD, DSM-5-TR PGD, and ICD-11 PGD.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-07-2022
DOI: 10.1002/CPP.2765
Abstract: More recently, the prolonged grief disorder (PGD) has been recognized as a mental health disorder following bereavement, which is distinct from depression and PTSD. However, the number and proposed symptom items vary across the ICD‐11 and the DSM‐5‐TR criteria for PG. The Traumatic Grief Inventory‐Self Report Plus (TGI‐SR+), which is an updated version of the TGI‐SR, is currently the only robust instrument that assesses PG according to the ICD‐11 and DSM‐5‐TR criteria. For research and clinical use among French‐speaking countries, the forward‐backward procedure was applied to translate the TGI‐SR+ into French language. Exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis converged towards a two‐dimensional structure for the TGI‐SR+, representing adaptation difficulties and traumatic separation distress. However, items mapping onto ICD‐11 and DSM‐5‐TR criteria for PG represented a one‐dimensional structure. Findings based on item response theory method provided strong evidence for discriminative characteristics of the items. The internal reliability was excellent for the TGI‐SR+ (McDonald's ω = 0.97) and ICD‐11 and DSM‐5‐TR criteria for PGD (McDonald's ω = 0.95). We also demonstrated a very high temporal stability for the TGI‐SR+ total score (ICC = .91, p 0.0001) and ICD‐11 PGD and DSM‐5‐TR PGD (ICC = 0.90, and ICC = 0.88, p s 0.0001, respectively). The concurrent validity of the instrument was also demonstrated, such that the TGI‐SR+ total score and all combinations were positively and significantly associated with the levels of depression, anxiety and post‐traumatic stress symptoms. However, the effect sizes were moderate. We conclude that for research and clinical use among French bereaved populations, the TGI‐SR+ is a sound tool with very good psychometric properties.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJLP.2022.101840
Abstract: Victims of crimes have been granted increasing procedural rights to participate in the juridical process since the mid 1990s. However, knowledge about the (anti)-therapeutic effect of participation is limited. We examined the associations between symptom levels of persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression and the intention to participate in a criminal trial. Furthermore, we investigated the mediating role of state anger in these associations. People who lost loved ones after a plane disaster with flight MH17 (N = 203) completed questionnaires within three weeks before the start of the criminal trial. Mediation analyses indicated that people, who did not intend to actively participate in the trial by delivering a written or oral victim statement, were less likely to experience anger, which is, in turn, associated with attenuated psychopathology levels. State anger explains 68% of the effect of the intention to exercise the right to speak on PCBD levels. An important limitation is the cross-sectional study design, which precludes conclusions about temporal associations. More research is needed to improve preparation and support of bereaved people when they intend to exercise their victim rights during a criminal trial.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-07-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-06-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-06-2020
DOI: 10.1002/CPP.2482
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1017/GMH.2023.14
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 27-04-2020
DOI: 10.1037/TRM0000253
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-10-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-07-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-11-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S11136-014-0860-Z
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to identify which domains of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are most important for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), from the perspective of healthcare professionals (HCPs). Thirteen Dutch HCPs [six pulmonologists, three pulmonology nurse practitioners, two physiotherapists and two general practitioners 9 men mean age 51.0 (SD = 10.6) years mean years of experience 12.1 (SD = 7.2)] specialized in the field of COPD were recruited. The only inclusion criterion was that the HCP had to have extensive experience in treating COPD patients. The face-to-face interviews took 30-40 min. Physical health emerged as the most important theme from the spontaneous statements that HCPs made when asked about HRQoL in relation to COPD, closely followed by social health and coping with COPD-related complaints and restrictions. The most frequently selected PROMIS domains were fatigue, physical function, emotional support and depression. If the related domains satisfaction with participation in social roles and activities and ability to participate in social roles and activities were to be combined, it would come in second place after fatigue. When comparing the domains chosen by HCPs to the ones chosen by patients in a recent study, there is a high degree of agreement, with the exception of depression. We argue that it is important to take into account both patient and HCP perspective when developing/selecting HRQoL instruments. Our results may be used to inform domain selection to measure HRQoL in patients with COPD, as well as instrument development.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-07-2021
DOI: 10.1177/00048674211025728
Abstract: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision includes prolonged grief disorder as a novel disorder. Prolonged grief disorder can be diagnosed when acute grief stays distressing and disabling, beyond 12 months following bereavement. Evidence indicates that elevated prolonged grief disorder symptoms in the first year of bereavement predict pervasive grief later in time targeting early elevated grief may potentially prevent symptoms getting chronic. There is limited knowledge about the characteristics of people in the first year of bereavement who have an elevated chance of developing full prolonged grief disorder beyond the 12-month time point. This study examined these characteristics. We used self-reported data from 306 adults who all completed questions on socio-demographic and loss-related characteristics plus a measure of prolonged grief disorder within the first year of bereavement (Wave 1 time since loss: M = 4.97, SD = 3.13 months) and again 1 year later (Wave 2 time since loss: M = 17.84, SD = 3.38 months). We examined the prevalence rates of probable prolonged grief disorder (Wave 2), measurement invariance of prolonged grief disorder symptoms between waves, and associations of socio-demographic and loss-related variables, and Wave 1 prolonged grief disorder with probable prolonged grief disorder at Wave 2. Regarding prevalence, 10.1% ( n = 31) met criteria for probable prolonged grief disorder (Wave 2). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis supported longitudinal measurement invariance of prolonged grief disorder symptoms. People meeting criteria at Wave 1 (except the time criterion) had a significantly increased risk of meeting criteria at Wave 2. Variables best predicting probable prolonged grief disorder at Wave 2 were prolonged grief disorder at Wave 1, lower education, loss of a child and loss to unnatural/violent causes (sensitivity = 56.67%, specificity = 98.12%, 93.92% correct classifications). People meeting criteria for prolonged grief disorder (except the time criterion) before the first anniversary of the death are at risk of full-blown prolonged grief disorder beyond this time point, particularly those who have lower education, confronted the death of a child and confronted unnatural/violent loss. Findings may inform advances in preventive bereavement care.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-04-2023
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2019-035050
Abstract: The traumatic death of a loved one, such as death due to a traffic accident, can precipitate persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD) and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Waitlist-controlled trials have shown that grief-specific cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for such mental health problems. This is the first study that will examine the effectiveness of online CBT (vs waitlist controls) in a s le exclusively comprised of people bereaved by a traumatic death. Our primary hypothesis is that people allocated to the online CBT condition will show larger reductions in PCBD, PTSD and depression symptom levels at post-treatment than people allocated to a waitlist. We further expect that reductions in symptom levels during treatment are associated with reductions of negative cognitions and avoidance behaviours and the experience of fewer accident-related stressors. Moreover, the effect of the quality of the therapeutic alliance on treatment effects and drop-out rates will be explored. A two-arm (online CBT vs waiting list) open-label parallel randomised controlled trial will be conducted. Participants will complete questionnaires at pretreatment and 12 and 20 weeks after study enrolment. Eligible for participation are Dutch adults who lost a loved one at least 1 year earlier due to a traffic accident and report clinically relevant levels of PCBD, PTSD and/or depression. Multilevel modelling will be used. Ethics approval has been received by the Medical Ethics Review Board of the University Medical Center Groningen (METc UMCG: M20.252121). This study will provide new insights in the effectiveness of online CBT for traumatically bereaved people. If the treatment is demonstrated to be effective, it will be made publicly accessible. Findings will be disseminated among lay people (eg, through newsletters and media performances), our collaborators (eg, through presentations at support organisations), and clinicians and researchers (eg, through conference presentations and scientific journal articles). NL7497.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-04-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2019.01.006
Abstract: Persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD) is a disorder of grief included in DSM-5. Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is included in ICD-11. Few studies have evaluated and compared criteria sets for DSM-5 PCBD and ICD-11 PGD. The current study explored and compared the dimensionality, prevalence rates, diagnostic agreement, concurrent validity, and socio-demographic and loss-related correlates of both criteria sets. Self-reported data were available from 551 bereaved in iduals. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that for DSM-5 PCBD-symptoms, a three-factor model with distinct but correlated factors fit the data well for ICD-11 PGD-symptoms a one-factor model yielded adequate fit. The prevalence of probable DSM-5 PCBD (8.2%) was significantly lower than ICD-11 PGD (19.2%). Both DSM-5 PCBD and ICD-11 PGD were significantly associated with concurrent overall grief and depression, and varied as a function of education and time since loss. ICD-11 PGD prevalence rates went down and agreement with PCBD-caseness went up, when heightening the number of symptoms required for an ICD-11 PGD diagnosis. This study was limited by its reliance on self-reported data and grief symptoms were derived from two scales. That notwithstanding, findings provide further evidence that differences exist between disturbed grief criteria in DSM-5 and ICD-11 that may negatively impact research and care.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2018.07.041
Abstract: Persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD) is a disorder of grief included in DSM-5 Section 3. Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) is a disorder of grief that will enter the forthcoming ICD-11. This study evaluated the factor structure, prevalence, and validity of disturbed grief as per DSM-5 and ICD-11. With data from a community s le (N =512), we used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate the fit of different factor models for PCBD and PGD, determined diagnostic rates for probable PCBD and PGD, and used sensitivity/specificity analyses to evaluate the performance of in idual items as indicators of PCBD and PGD. We calculated associations of PCBD-caseness and PGD-caseness with concurrently assessed symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression and, in a subset of 280 participants, with these same symptoms assessed one year later, to examine concurrent and predictive validity of PCBD and PGD. For PCBD-symptoms, a three-factor model with distinct factors of separation distress, reactive distress, and social/identity disruption fit the data well for PGD-symptoms a two-factor model with distinct separation distress symptoms and additional symptom (e.g., guilt, anger, blame) yielded acceptable model fit. Overall, items evidenced strong sensitivity and negative predictive power, and relatively poor specificity and positive predictive power. The prevalence of probable DSM-5 PCBD (6.4%) was significantly lower than the prevalence of ICD-11 PGD (18.0%). Both PCBD and PGD were significantly associated with concurrent overall grief, depression, and PTSD PCBD but not PGD was associated with symptoms one year beyond baseline. Limitations include our reliance on self-reported data and symptoms of PCBD and PGD being derived from two questionnaires. Findings provide preliminary evidence for the validity of both the PCBD and PGD constructs, albeit that prevalence rates of both constructs and predictive validity differ-which needs further scrutiny.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1017/GMH.2023.7
Abstract: It is crucial to optimize global mental health research to address the high burden of mental health challenges and mental illness for in iduals and societies. Data sharing and reuse have demonstrated value for advancing science and accelerating knowledge development. The FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) Guiding Principles for scientific data provide a framework to improve the transparency, efficiency, and impact of research. In this review, we describe ethical and equity considerations in data sharing and reuse, delineate the FAIR principles as they apply to mental health research, and consider the current state of FAIR data practices in global mental health research, identifying challenges and opportunities. We describe noteworthy ex les of collaborative efforts, often across disciplinary and national boundaries, to improve Findability and Accessibility of global mental health data, as well as efforts to create integrated data resources and tools that improve Interoperability and Reusability. Based on this review, we suggest a vision for the future of FAIR global mental health research and suggest practical steps for researchers with regard to study planning, data preservation and indexing, machine-actionable metadata, data reuse to advance science and improve equity, metrics and recognition.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-02-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-06-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-02-2019
DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2019.1584293
Abstract: Major negative life-events including bereavement can precipitate perceived positive life-changes, termed posttraumatic growth (PTG). While traditionally considered an adaptive phenomenon, it has been suggested that PTG represents a maladaptive coping response similar to cognitive avoidance. To clarify the function of PTG, it is crucial to establish concurrent and longitudinal associations of PTG with post-event mental health problems. Yet, longitudinal studies on this topic are scarce. The present study fills this gap in knowledge. A two-wave longitudinal survey was conducted. Four-hundred and twelve bereaved adults (87.6% women) filled out scales assessing PTG and symptoms of depression, anxiety, prolonged grief, and posttraumatic stress at baseline and 6 months later. The baseline concurrent relationships between all symptom levels and PTG were curvilinear (inverted U-shape). Cross-lagged analyses demonstrated that symptom levels did not predict levels of PTG 6 months later, or vice versa. Findings suggest PTG after loss has no substantive negative or positive effects on mental health. Development of specific treatments to increase PTG after bereavement therefore appears premature.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-08-2017
DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2017.1347213
Abstract: Twenty-three nonclinical relatives of long-term missing persons were interviewed. Patterns of functioning over time were studied retrospectively by instructing participants to draw a graph that best described their pattern. Patterns most frequently drawn were a recovery and resilient/stable pattern. Participants were also asked to select 5 out of 15 cards referring to coping strategies, which they considered most helpful in dealing with the disappearance. Acceptance, emotional social support, mental disengagement, and venting emotions were most frequently chosen. This study provided some indication of coping strategies that could be strengthened in treatment for those in need of support.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 05-05-2022
DOI: 10.1037/TRA0001275
Abstract: A prior study with people exposed to a traumatic event indicated that posttraumatic anger is a multidimensional construct that consists of five factors comprising anger at (a) the criminal justice system, (b) other people, (c) the self, and (d) a perpetrator and (e) a desire for revenge. Preliminary evidence shows that anger at the self and perpetrators is related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Expanding the focus from trauma victims to people exposed to a traumatic loss of a significant other, for ex le, due to road traffic accidents, may enhance our knowledge on factors that are amenable to change in the treatment of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and PTSD. We examined the (a) factor structure of the 20-item Posttraumatic Anger Questionnaire in 209 Dutch people bereaved by road traffic accidents using confirmatory factor analysis and (b) associations between the posttraumatic anger factors and PGD and PTSD using structural equation models. The expected five-factor structure of the Posttraumatic Anger Questionnaire was supported. Anger at the self was related to greater PGD (β = .35) and PTSD (β = .50) symptoms over and above known risk factors of distress. A desire for revenge (β = .20) was uniquely and positively associated with PTSD symptoms. Pending replication of our findings in longitudinal studies, we conclude that anger subtypes relate differently to distress after traumatic loss. Anger toward the self seems the most detrimental type of anger and may therefore be an important target in treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-09-2019
Publisher: F1000 Research Ltd
Date: 03-03-2023
DOI: 10.12688/F1000RESEARCH.130397.1
Abstract: Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with an increase in mortality rates globally. Given the high numbers of deaths and the potentially traumatic characteristics of COVID-19 deaths, it is expected that grief-related distress levels are higher in COVID-19 bereaved (compared to non-COVID-19 bereaved) people. This living systematic review (LSR) investigates the empirical evidence regarding this claim. More specifically, this LSR summarizes studies evaluating prevalence and correlates of positive and negative psychological effects of COVID-19 bereavement. This iteration synthesizes evidence up to July 2022. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in PsychInfo, Web of Science, and Medline by two independent reviewers. Eligible studies included quantitative peer-reviewed articles reporting on positive and/or negative psychological outcomes, using validated measures, in COVID-19 bereaved adults. The primary outcome was prolonged grief symptoms (PG). Results: Searches identified 9871 articles, whereof 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies included prevalence rates and/or symptom-levels of psychological outcomes after COVID-19 losses. Prevalence rates of psychological outcomes were primarily reported in terms of (acute) PG, pandemic grief, depression, anxiety, and functional impairment, and varied widely between studies (e.g., ranged between 29% and 49% for acute PG). No studies reported on prevalence rates of positive psychological outcomes. Closer kinship to the deceased, death unexpectedness, and COVID-19 stressors were identified as correlates of increased psychological symptoms. Conclusions: Due to the small number and heterogeneity of studies, knowledge about psychological effects of COVID-19 bereavement is limited. This LSR offers a regular synthesis of up-to-date research evidence to guide clinicians, policy makers, public health professionals, and future research on the psychological effects of COVID-19 bereavement.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-12-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2020.112786
Abstract: Increased recognition that grief may turn into a disorder led to the inclusion of Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD) in DSM-5 and Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) in ICD-11. Four additional criteria sets for disturbed grief have been proposed in recent years: Prigerson et al. proposed criteria for PGD ("PGD-2009″), Maercker et al. presented an ICD-11 beta draft version of PGD ("PGD-BD"), Shear et al. put forth criteria for complicated grief ("CG"), and, recently, criteria for PGD in DSM-5-TR have been proposed. This study sought to evaluate these six sets in one s le, which has not been done before. Using self-reported data from 855 bereaved in iduals, we examined the (i) dimensionality, (ii) number of possible symptom combinations to meet criteria for caseness, (iii) prevalence rates and diagnostic agreement, (iv) concurrent validity, and (v) socio-demographic and loss-related correlates for each set. Criteria for PCBD were best represented by a three-factor structure and CG by a two-factor structure. Symptoms of ICD-11 PGD, PGD-2009, PGD-BD, and PGD-DSM-5-TR formed a single dimension. Prevalence rates varied between ~10% and ~20%. Diagnostic agreement between sets was substantial. Sets differed in terms of possible symptom combinations and had comparable concurrent validity and socio-demographic and loss-related correlates.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-02-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0264497
Abstract: Non-fatal traffic accidents may give rise to mental health problems, including posttraumatic stress (PTS) and depression. Clinical evidence suggests that victims may also experience grief reactions associated with the sudden changes and losses caused by such accidents. The aim of this study was to examine whether there are unique patterns of symptoms of PTS, depression, and grief among victims of non-fatal traffic accidents. We also investigated associations of emerging symptom patterns with sociodemographic variables and characteristics of the accident, and with transdiagnostic variables, including self-efficacy, difficulties in emotion regulation, and trauma rumination. Participants (N = 328, M age = 32.6, SD age = 17.5 years, 66% female) completed self-report measures tapping the study variables. Using latent class analysis (including symptoms of PTS, depression, and grief), three classes were identified: a no symptoms class (Class 1 59.1%), a moderate PTS and grief class (Class 2 23.1%), and a severe symptoms class (Class 3 17.7%). Summed symptom scores and functional impairment were lowest in Class 1, higher in Class 2, and highest in Class 3. Psychological variables were similarly ordered with the healthiest scores in Class 1, poorer scores in Class 2, and the worst scores in Class 3. Different sociodemographic and accident related variables differentiated between classes, including age, education, and time since the accident. In a regression including all significant univariate predictors, trauma rumination differentiated Class 2 from Class 1, all three psychological variables differentiated Class 3 from Class 1, and difficulties with emotion regulation and trauma rumination differentiated Class 3 from Class 2. This study demonstrates that most people respond resiliently to non-fatal traffic accident. Yet, approximately one in three victims experiences moderate to severe mental health symptoms. Increasing PTS coincided with similarly increasing grief, indicating that grief may be considered in interventions for victims of traffic accidents. Trauma rumination strongly predicted class membership and appears a critical treatment target to alleviate distress.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-05-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2021
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 23-09-2019
Abstract: Disturbed grief, operationalized as persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD), correlates with yet differs from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms. However, knowledge about temporal associations among these symptoms is limited. We aimed to enhance our understanding of the etiology of loss-related distress by examining temporal associations among PCBD, PTSD, and depression symptom levels. Dutch people ( N = 172) who lost significant other(s) in a plane disaster completed questionnaires for PCBD, PTSD, and depression 11, 22, 31, and 42 months after the disaster. Cross-lagged analyses revealed that changes in PCBD symptom levels have a greater impact on changes in symptom levels of PTSD and depression than vice versa. Our findings contradict the notion that PTSD and depression symptoms should be addressed before grief in treatment. Pending replication of our findings in clinical s les, we tentatively conclude that screening and treatment of grief symptoms has potential value in preventing long-lasting distress.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-05-2023
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291723001101
Abstract: Losing a parent or spouse in adulthood may result in prolonged grief disorder (PGD) symptoms. PGD levels in parents may affect PGD levels in their adult offspring and the other way around. However, research on transmission of PGD in parent–child dyads is lacking. Consequently, we aimed to examine temporal associations between PGD levels in parent and adult children. In doing so, we analyzed longitudinal self-report data on PGD levels (using the PG-13) assessed at 2, 11, 18, and 26 months after loss in 257 adult parent–child dyads from Denmark. Cross-lagged panel modeling was used for data-analyses. Changes in PGD levels in parents significantly predicted PGD levels in adult children, but not vice versa. Small through moderate cross-lagged effects ( β = 0.05 through 0.07) were found for PGD levels in parents predicting PGD levels in adult children at a subsequent time-point. These cross-lagged effects were found while taking into account the association between PGD levels in parents and adult children at the same time-point as well as the associations between the same construct over time and relevant covariates. Pending replication of these findings in clinical s les and younger families, our findings offer tentative support for expanding our focus in research and treatment of PGD from the in idual to the family level.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 25-04-2022
Abstract: Objective: This randomized controlled trial is the first study examining short-term effects of an unguided online grief-specific cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) (compared to waitlist controls) in reducing early persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression symptoms in adults bereaved during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Sixty-five Dutch adults, bereaved at least three months earlier during the COVID-19 pandemic, with clinically relevant early PCBD, PTSD, and/or depression symptoms, were randomly allocated to an immediate treatment (n = 32) or waitlist condition (n = 33). Telephone interviews were conducted to assess PCBD, PTSD, and depression symptoms (measured with the Traumatic Grief Inventory-Clinician Administered, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively) at baseline, post-treatment, and post-waiting period. Participants received an eight-week unguided online grief-specific CBT including exposure, cognitive restructuring, and behavioral activation assignments. Analyses of covariance were performed. Results: Intention-to-treat analyses indicated that people in the intervention condition showed significantly lower PCBD (d = 0.90), PTSD (d = 0.71), and depression (d = 0.57) symptom-levels post-treatment relative to waitlist controls post-waiting period, while taking baseline symptom-levels and the use of professional psychological co-intervention into account. Completers analyses yielded similar results for PCBD and PTSD, but no significant between-group effect was found for depression. Conclusions: The online CBT proved to be an effective intervention, reducing PCBD, PTSD, and depression symptoms. Pending replication of these findings, online interventions may be more widely implemented in clinical practice to improve treatment options for emotionally distressed recently bereaved people.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1017/S2045796022000324
Abstract: Refugees typically spend years in a state of protracted displacement prior to permanent resettlement. Little is known about how various prior displacement contexts influence long-term mental health in resettled refugees. In this study, we aimed to determine whether having lived in refugee c s v. community settings prior to resettlement impacted the course of refugees' psychological distress over the 4 years following arrival in Australia. Participants were 1887 refugees who had taken part in the Building a New Life in Australia study, which comprised of five annual face-to-face or telephone surveys from the year of first arrival in Australia. Latent growth curve modelling revealed that refugees who had lived in c s showed greater initial psychological distress (as indexed by the K6) and faster decreases in psychological distress in the 4 years after resettling in Australia, compared to those who had lived in community settings. Investigation of refugee c characteristics revealed that poorer access to services in c s was associated with greater initial distress after resettlement, and greater ability to meet one's basic needs in c s was associated with faster decreases in psychological distress over time. These findings highlight the importance of the displacement context in influencing the course of post-resettlement mental health. Increasing available services and meeting basic needs in the displacement environment may promote better mental health outcomes in resettled refugees.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2019.02.046
Abstract: Persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD) is a disorder of grief that newly entered DSM-5. Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is a disorder of grief included in ICD-11. No prior studies examined and compared the dimensionality, prevalence, and concurrent validity of both conditions among bereaved children. With data from 291 help-seeking bereaved 8-18 year old children, we used confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the fit of different factor models for PCBD and PGD. In addition, we determined diagnostic rates for probable PCBD and PGD and calculated associations of PCBD and PGD caseness with concurrently assessed symptoms of overall disturbed grief, depression, posttraumatic stress, and parent-rated problem behavior. For PCBD and PGD, one-factor models-with all symptoms forming a unidimensional factor of disturbed grief-fit the data best. The prevalence of probable DSM-5 PCBD (3.4%) was significantly lower than ICD-11 PGD (12.4%). Both PCBD and PGD were significantly associated with concurrently assessed overall disturbed grief, depression, and posttraumatic stress associations with parent-rated problems were moderate. Findings were based on self-reported ratings of symptoms, obtained from three different scales not specifically designed to assess PCBD and PGD. The use of a help-seeking s le limits the generalization of findings to bereaved children generally. Findings support the validity of DSM-5 PCBD and ICD-11 PGD. Prevalence rates of both constructs differ. This needs further scrutiny.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-01-2018
DOI: 10.1111/SJOP.12426
Abstract: Research has shown that the amount of media exposure is associated with post-event mental health problems. Whether bereaved in iduals have negative experiences with media reports and whether they are associated with post-event mental health is unclear. This study evaluated these experiences and associations following the MH17-disaster. How media reports were experienced (nine topics, modified MAS), depression symptoms (QIDS-SR), functional problems (WSAS) and event-related coping-self-efficacy (CSE) were assessed about one year post-disaster (May-August 2015) among Dutch bereaved (N = 152). A substantial minority reported negative experiences such as reports made me angry (30%) and made me sad (48%). Latent profile analysis with symptoms, problems and coping self-efficacy as indicators, identified four classes of post-disaster mental health: a Well-functioning
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 24-07-2023
Abstract: Introduction: Loss-adaptation has been described as being characterized by ‘waves of grief’, which may result in a Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). Although this assumption about the fluctuating nature of grief is supported by theoretical work, it is not (yet) supported by empirical work. We are the first to explore to what extent PGD reactions fluctuate in everyday life and whether fluctuations in PGD reactions are related to overall PGD levels using experience s ling methodology (ESM).Methods: Data from 38 bereaved in iduals (74% women, on average 6 years post-loss, 47% lost a parent) were analyzed. For two weeks, five times per day, participants reported on the severity of 11 PGD reactions in the past three hours (ESM-PGD). At baseline, overall PGD severity (B-PGD) in the past two weeks was assessed with telephone-interviews using the Traumatic Grief Inventory–Clinician Administered. Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD) were calculated to reflect fluctuations in ESM-PGD. Spearman correlations between RMSSD values of the 11 ESM-PGD reactions and B-PGD scores were computed. Results: Mean B-PGD scores were below the clinical cut-off. Some fluctuations in ESM-PGD reactions were found, as indicated by varying RMSSD values, but also floor effects were detected. B-PGD levels were related to RMSSD values for ESM-PGD (ρ between .37 and .68, all p & .05 and between .36 and .63 after removal of floor effects). Discussion: We found that (some) ESM-PGD reactions fluctuated in everyday life. This may offer new theoretical insights into loss-adaptation, which may result in optimizing PGD treatment.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 19-10-2018
DOI: 10.1002/DA.22850
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-02-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-09-2014
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 27-05-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FPSYT.2022.878773
Abstract: The loss of a significant other can lead to variety of responses, including prolonged grief disorder (PGD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. The aim of this study was to replicate and extend previous research that indicated that three subgroups of bereaved in iduals can be distinguished based one similar post-loss symptom profiles using latent class analysis (LCA). The second aim was to examine whether sociodemographic and loss-related characteristics as well as the extent of meaning making were related to classes with more pervasive psychopathology. Telephone-based interviews with 433 Dutch and German speaking persons who had lost a significant other at last 6 months earlier were conducted. Self-rated PGD, PTSD, and depression symptoms were assessed. LCA was conducted and correlates of class-membership were examined using the 3step approach. The LCA resulted in three distinct classes: a no symptoms class (47%), a moderate PGD, low depression/PTSD class (32%), and a high PGD, moderate depression/PTSD class (21%). A multivariate analysis indicated that female gender, a shorter time since loss, an unexpected loss and less meaning made to a loss were significantly associated with membership to the moderate PGD, low depression/PTSD and high PGD, moderate depression/PTSD class compared to membership to the no symptom class. Losing a child or spouse, a shorter time since loss, and having made less meaning to the loss further distinguished between the high PGD, moderate depression/PTSD symptom class and the moderate PGD, low depression/PTSD class. We found that the majority of in iduals coped well in response to their loss since the no symptom class was the largest class. Post-loss symptoms could be categorized into classes marked by different intensity of symptoms, rather than qualitatively different symptom patterns. The findings indicate that perceiving the loss as more unexpected, finding less meaning in the loss, and loss-related factors, such as the recentness of a loss and the loss of a partner or child, were related to class membership more consistently than sociodemographic factors.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-02-2021
DOI: 10.1002/CPP.2544
Abstract: People bereaved through road traffic accidents (RTAs) are at risk for severe and disabling grief (i.e., pathological grief). Knowledge about needs and use of bereavement care, including psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and support groups, is limited. This study charted (correlates of) the needs and use of bereavement care in RTA bereaved people. Furthermore, although online grief treatment seems effective, it is unknown whether it is perceived as acceptable. Accordingly, we examined the acceptability of online treatment. Dutch RTA bereaved adults ( N = 273) completed self‐report measures about needs and use of bereavement care, acceptability of online grief treatment, and pathological grief. Regression analyses were used to identify correlates of care needs and use and acceptability of online treatment. The majority (63%) had received help from psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and/or support groups. One in five participants had not used bereavement care services, despite reporting elevated pathological grief levels and/or expressing a need for care, pointing to a treatment gap. Use of psychological support before the loss was the strongest predictor of bereavement care needs and use following the loss. A minority (35%) reported being inclined to use online grief treatment if in need of support. More openness towards online services was related to greater acceptability of online treatment. In conclusion, 20% of RTA bereaved people with pathological grief or care needs had not received care. This treatment gap may be reduced by improving accessibility of online treatments. However, as only 35% was open to using online treatments, increasing the acceptability of (online) treatments appears important.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 05-01-2023
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1037/STR0000121
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-07-2017
DOI: 10.1111/PAPT.12138
Abstract: Experiential acceptance and trait-mindfulness are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after traumatic events. This study was a preliminary attempt to examine (1) associations of experiential acceptance and trait-mindfulness with post-traumatic stress (PTS) associated with negative, but not necessarily traumatizing, life events ('analogue' PTS), (2) the role of these variables in the context of neuroticism as well as worry and rumination - two other regulatory strategies associated with PTS, and (3) the impact of pre-trauma tendencies towards experiential acceptance and mindfulness on analogue PTS. Data were obtained from two distinct student s les. A first s le provided cross-sectional data. In a second s le, indices of acceptance, mindfulness, neuroticism, worry, and rumination were tapped at inclusion into the study, and analogue PTS and confrontation with stressful life events were subsequently assessed 1 year later. In the cross-sectional s le, higher acceptance and mindfulness were associated with lower analogue PTS, even when controlling for neuroticism, worry, and rumination. In the prospective s le, pre-trauma mindfulness (but not experiential acceptance, neuroticism, worry, and rumination) assessed at baseline predicted levels of analogue PTS 1 year later. Findings suggest that experiential acceptance and trait-mindfulness are incrementally related to PTS beyond neuroticism, worry, and rumination and that pre-trauma trait-mindfulness may be a resilience factor protecting against severe PTS. We examined associations of experiential acceptance and trait-mindfulness with post-traumatic stress (PTS) associated with negative life events ('analogue' PTS). Experiential acceptance and trait-mindfulness were associated with concurrent analogue PTS, over and above neuroticism, worry, and rumination. Pre-trauma trait-mindfulness (but not pre-trauma experiential acceptance) significantly predicted analogue PTS in prospective analyses. Enhancing mindfulness skills could be a useful tool to reduce the risk of PTS in trauma-exposed s les.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2017.12.050
Abstract: Persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD) is a condition for further study in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) will likely be included in the International Classification of Diseases'-11. While it has been argued that PCBD and PGD cover the same diagnostic entity, their symptom count differs. A higher symptom count may increase the complexity of diagnostic algorithm and thereby the symptom profile heterogeneity of a disorder. Using binomial equations, a nearly thousand-fold difference in possible symptom profiles to meet PGD versus PCBD criteria was demonstrated, showing both disorders may differ more than just semantically.
Location: Netherlands
No related grants have been discovered for Lonneke Lenferink.