ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8008-3536
Current Organisation
RMIT University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Materials Engineering | Metals and Alloy Materials | Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified | Functional Materials | Manufacturing Engineering | Alloy Materials | Textile Technology | Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (excl. Textiles) | Materials Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Composite and Hybrid Materials | Biomaterials | Physical Metallurgy | Geochemistry | Condensed Matter Physics | Automotive Engineering Materials | Ceramics | Polymers | Structural Biology (incl. Macromolecular Modelling) | Mineral Processing/Beneficiation | Nanotechnology | Mechanical Engineering | Mechanical Engineering | Biomaterials | Process Metallurgy | Inorganic Geochemistry | Nanomaterials | Structural Engineering | Surfaces and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Structural Metal Products | Basic Metal Products (incl. Smelting, Rolling, Drawing and Extruding) not elsewhere classified | Synthetic Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics | Other non-ferrous metals (e.g. copper,zinc) | Fabricated Metal Products not elsewhere classified | Coated Metal and Metal-Coated Products | Ceramics | Natural Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics | Metals (composites, coatings, bonding, etc.) | Sheet metal products | Expanding Knowledge in Engineering | Aluminium | Clothing | Emerging Defence Technologies | Environmentally Sustainable Manufacturing not elsewhere classified | First Stage Treatment of Ores and Minerals not elsewhere classified | Ceramics, Glass and Industrial Mineral Products not elsewhere classified | Fabricated metal products not elsewhere classified | Industrial Machinery and Equipment | Integrated Circuits and Devices | Synthetic fibres, yarns and fabrics | Sheep—wool | Other | Preference, Behaviour and Welfare | Structural metal products | Diagnostic methods | Expanding Knowledge in Technology | Polymeric materials (e.g. paints) | Industrial Chemicals and Related Products not elsewhere classified | Disability and Functional Capacity | Titanium Minerals, Zircon, and Rare Earth Metal Ore (e.g. Monazite) Exploration | Basic Aluminium Products
Related Links
Publications
Effects of Cell Geometry on the Compressive Properties of Nickel Foams
Publisher: Japan Institute of Metals
Date: 2000
Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Hot-Rolled Mg–Zr–Ca Alloys for Biomedical Applications
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 02-2012
Synthesis and Performance of NaTi2(PO4)3/VGCF@C Anode Composite Material for Aqueous Sodium-Ion Batteries
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-05-2023
Abstract: This study combines self-prepared NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP) with commercial vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF) using a solid state calcination, then coats it with carbon to synthesize the composite anode material NaTi2(PO4)3/VGCF@C (NTP/VGCF@C). The microstructure and electrochemical properties of the composite material were then analyzed using microstructure analysis and electrochemical testing equipment. Single phase NTP shows nanoparticles with a polyhedral structure, and there is good contact at the interface between the nanoparticles and the VGCFs. The carbon coating formed on the NTP particles displays a nearly 6.5 nm thick layer of amorphous carbon. From the coin-cell battery performance measurements, after 850 cycles, the composite material NTP/VGCF@C exhibits an excellent retention rate of 96.3% compared to that of the pure NTP material when the current density is 200 mA/g. As a result, the composite material and lithium manganate (denoted as LMO) were assembled into an LMO-NTP/VGCF@C aqueous sodium-ion soft pack full battery system. The full battery shows an initial capacity of 31.07 mAh at a rate of 0.5C, and a reversible discharge capacity retention rate of 95.8% after 480 cycles, exhibiting a good long-cycle stability performance.
Influence of stacking fault energy and strain rate on the mechanical properties in Cu and Cu–Al–Zn alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
Nano-tribological behavior of graphene nanoplatelet–reinforced magnesium matrix nanocomposites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Laser-Assisted Additive Manufacturing for Metallic Biomedical Scaffolds
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2014
Mechanical, corrosion, and biocompatibility properties of Mg-Zr-Sr-Sc alloys for biodegradable implant applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2019.12.001
Abstract: Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are considered promising biodegradable implant materials because of their strength and natural degradation in the human body. However, the high corrosion rate of pure Mg in the physiological environment leads to rapid degradation before adequate bone healing. This mismatch between bone healing and the degradation of Mg implants supports the development of new Mg alloys with the addition of other suitable alloying elements in order to achieve simultaneously high corrosion resistance and desirable mechanical properties. This study systematically investigates the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility of Mg-based alloys with the addition of different concentrations of scandium (Sc), i.e., Mg-0.6Zr-0.5Sr-xSc (x = 0.5, 1, 2, 3 wt.%). Results indicated that high concentration of Sc in strontium (Sr)-containing Mg alloys can alter their microstructures by suppressing the intermetallic phases along the grain boundaries and improve the corrosion resistance by forming chemically stable Sc oxide layers on the surfaces of the Mg alloys. Cytotoxicity assessment revealed that the Sc containing Mg alloys did not significantly alter the viability of human osteoblast-like SaOS2 cells. This study highlights the advantages of using Sc as an alloying element to simultaneously tune Mg alloys with higher strength and slower degradation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Rare earth elements such as scandium (Sc) with both a high solid-solubility and strong affinity towards oxygen can improve the mechanical and corrosion properties of magnesium (Mg) alloys. However, the feasibility of Sc-containing Mg alloys as biodegradable implant materials is scarcely reported. This study investigates the effects of different Sc concentrations on the mechanical, corrosion, and biocompatibility properties of Mg-Zr-Sr-Sc alloys. Our findings indicated that the addition of Sc significantly improves the mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg-Zr-Sr alloys. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity assessment of the Mg-Zr-Sr-Sc alloys did not show any adverse effects on the viability of osteoblast-like cells.
Elemental blended powders semisolid forming of Ti-Al based alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2000
Superhydrophobic Mechano-Bactericidal Surface with Photodynamic Antibacterial Capability
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-12-2023
Bioactivating the Surfaces of Titanium by Sol-Gel Process
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 03-2009
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.614.67
Abstract: In the present study, titanium (Ti) s les were surface-modified by titania (TiO2), silica (SiO2) and hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings using a sol-gel process. The bioactivity of the film-coated Ti s les was investigated by cell attachment and morphology study using human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. Results of the cell attachment indicated that the densities of cell attachment on the surfaces of Ti s les were significantly increased by film coatings the density of cell attachment on HA film-coated surface was higher than those on TiO2 and SiO2 film-coated surfaces. Cell morphology study showed that the cells attached, spread and grew well on the three kinds of film-coated surfaces. It can be concluded that the three kinds of film coatings can bioactivate the surfaces of Ti s les effectively. Overall, Ti s le with HA film-coated surface exhibited the best bioactivity.
Effect of thermomechanical treatment on the superelasticity of Ti–7.5Nb–4Mo–2Sn biomedical alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.MSEC.2014.08.001
Abstract: Effects of thermomechanical treatment on the microstructure and superelasticity of Ti-7.5Nb-4Mo-2Sn biomedical alloy were investigated by using XRD measurement, optical microscope (OM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and tensile tests. The titanium alloy s les were prepared by annealing at a temperature in the range of 600 to 1000°C after severe cold rolling and the s les that were annealed at 800°C were further aged at 600 and 700°C. The volume fraction of α phases decreased while that of ω phases increase with increasing annealing temperature. The α→β transformation temperature of the alloy was determined to be between 700 and 800°C. The alloy that was annealed at 700°C exhibited a high level of superelasticity with relatively high first yield stress (σSIM) at room temperature because it contained a fine α phase. A certain amount of ω phases also resulted in an increase in σSIM, leading to an improvement in the superelasticity of the alloys that were annealed at 900 and 1000°C. Aging treatment led to the precipitations of α and ω phases in the alloy after annealing at 800°C and the volume fraction of α phases decreased while that of ω phases increased with increasing aging temperature. Excellent superelasticity with high recovered strain (εrecoverable) and strain recovery rate (η) were obtained in the aged alloy due to the reinforcement of α and ω phases induced by aging treatment. The alloy annealed at 700°C for 0.5h exhibited the best superelasticity in all the thermomechanically treated alloys due to the strengthening from the subgrain refining and the precipitating of fine α phases.
Investigation and modeling of flank wear process of different PCD tools in cutting titanium alloy Ti6Al4V
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-11-2017
A review on Li-S batteries as a high efficiency rechargeable lithium battery
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1149/2.096308JES
Effect of surface roughness of Ti, Zr, and TiZr on apatite precipitation from simulated body fluid
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2008
DOI: 10.1002/BIT.21900
Abstract: Some of the critical properties for a successful orthopedic or dental implant material are its biocompatibility and bioactivity. Pure titanium (Ti) and zirconium (Zr) are widely accepted as biocompatible metals, due to their non-toxicity. While the bioactivity of Ti and some Ti alloys has been extensively investigated, there is still insufficient data for Zr and titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloys. In the present study, the bioactivity, that is, the apatite forming ability on the alkali and heat treated surfaces of Ti, Zr, and TiZr alloy in simulated body fluid (SBF), was studied. In particular, the effect of the surface roughness characteristics on the bioactivity was evaluated for the first time. The results indicate that the pretreated Ti, Zr and TiZr alloy could form apatite coating on their surfaces. It should be noted that the surface roughness also critically affected the bioactivity of these pretreated metallic s les. A surface morphology with an average roughness of approximately 0.6 microm led to the fastest apatite formation on the metal surfaces. This apatite layer on the metal surface is expected to bond to the surrounding bones directly after implantation.
Enhanced Energy Storage Performance of Zr-Doped TiNb2O7 Nanospheres Prepared by the Hydrolytic Method
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 24-03-2023
Significantly enhanced performance of Li-storage via in-situ oxidation of silicon particles by zinc oxide
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Introduction to surface coating and modification for metallic biomaterials
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2015
Corrosion of Ti35Zr28Nb in Hanks’ solution and 3.5 wt% NaCl solution
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-08-2018
A review of high energy density lithium–air battery technology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-08-2013
Influence of scandium on mechanical properties, degradation behavior, and cytocompatibility of Zn-3Cu-0.4Li-xSc alloys for implant applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Fabrication and characterization of nanoporous niobia, and nanotubular tantala, titania and zirconia via anodization
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 31-03-2015
DOI: 10.3390/JFB6020153
Microstructure, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and in vitro corrosion and degradation behavior of a new Zn–5Ge alloy for biodegradable implant materials
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2018.10.015
Abstract: Zinc (Zn)-based alloys are considered a new class of biodegradable implant materials due to their superior chemical stability and processability compared to biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys. In this study, we report a new biodegradable Zn-5Ge alloy with highly desirable mechanical, corrosion, and biological properties. Microstructural characterization revealed the effective grain-refining effect of germanium (Ge) on the Zn alloy. Tensile test results indicated that the hot-rolled Zn-5Ge alloy showed an ultimate tensile strength of 237.0 MPa, a yield strength of 175.1 MPa, and an elongation of 21.6% while as-cast pure Zn showed an ultimate tensile strength of 33.6 MPa, a yield strength of 29.3 MPa, and an elongation of 1.2%. The corrosion rates measured by potentiodynamic polarization tests in Hank's solution in ascending order are: as-cast Zn-5Ge (0.1272 mm/y) < as-cast pure Zn (0.1567 mm/y) < hot-rolled Zn-5Ge (0.2255 mm/y) < hot-rolled pure Zn (0.3057 mm/y). Immersion tests revealed that the degradation rate of as-cast Zn-5Ge is 0.042 mm/y, less than half of that of hot-rolled pure Zn and ∼62% of that of as-cast pure Zn. Moreover, the Zn-5Ge alloy showed excellent in vitro hemocompatibility and the addition of 5% Ge effectively enhanced the hemocompatibility of pure Zn. CCK-8 assay using murine preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells indicated that the diluted extracts at a concentration <12.5% of both the as-cast Zn-5Ge alloy and pure Zn showed grade 0 cytotoxicity the diluted extracts at the concentrations of 50% and 25% of Zn-5Ge alloy showed a significantly higher cell viability than those of pure Zn. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Zinc (Zn)-based alloys are currently considered a new class of biodegradable implant materials due to their excellent processability. Here, we report a novel Zn-5Ge alloy with highly desirable mechanical, corrosion and biological properties. The tensile test results indicated that the hot-rolled Zn-5Ge alloy showed an ultimate tensile strength of 237.0 MPa, a yield strength of 175.1 MPa and an elongation of 21.6% while as-cast pure Zn showed an ultimate tensile strength of 33.6 MPa, a yield strength of 29.3 MPa and an elongation of 1.2%. The corrosion rate measured by potentiodynamic polarization tests in Hank's solution in the ascending order is: as-cast Zn-5Ge (0.1272 mm/y) < as-cast pure Zn (0.1567 mm/y) < hot-rolled Zn-5Ge (0.2255 mm/y) < hot-rolled pure Zn (0.3057 mm/y). Immersion tests revealed that the degradation rate of the as-cast Zn-5Ge is 0.042 mm/y, less than half of that of the hot-rolled pure Zn, ∼62% of that of as-cast pure Zn. Moreover, the Zn-5Ge alloy showed excellent in vitro biocompatibility.
In vitro bioactivity evaluation of titanium and niobium metals with different surface morphologies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2008.04.005
Abstract: Current orthopaedic biomaterials research mainly focuses on designing implants that could induce controlled, guided and rapid healing. In the present study, the surface morphologies of titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) metals were tailored to form nanoporous, nanoplate and nanofibre-like structures through adjustment of the temperature in the alkali-heat treatment. The in vitro bioactivity of these structures was then evaluated by soaking the treated s les in simulated body fluid (SBF). It was found that the morphology of the modified surface significantly influenced the apatite-inducing ability. The Ti surface with a nanofibre-like structure showed better apatite-inducing ability than the nanoporous or nanoplate surface structures. A thick dense apatite layer formed on the Ti surface with nanofibre-like structure after 1 week of soaking in SBF. It is expected that the nanofibre-like surface could achieve good apatite formation in vivo and subsequently enhance osteoblast cell adhesion and bone formation.
Plastic deformation in the annealed Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk metal glass under indenter
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2009
Porous shape memory alloy scaffolds for biomedical applications: a review
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-2010
A biodegradable Fe/Zn–3Cu composite with requisite properties for orthopedic applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2022.04.048
Abstract: Zinc (Zn)-based metals and alloys are emerging as promising biodegradable implant materials due to their inherent biodegradability and good biocompatibility. However, this class of materials exhibits low mechanical strength and a slow degradation rate, which hinders their clinical application. Here we report the development of a new biodegradable Fe/Zn-3Cu composite fabricated by infiltration casting of a Zn-3Cu alloy into an Fe foam followed by hot-rolling. Our results indicate that the hot-rolled (HR) Fe/Zn-3Cu composite exhibited an α-Zn matrix phase, a secondary CuZn
Preparation of Bioactive Porous Titanium-Molybdenum Alloy through Powder Metallurgy
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.620-622.745
Abstract: Porous Ti-Mo alloy s les with different porosities from 52% to 72% were successfully fabricated by the space-holder sintering method. The pore size of the porous Ti-Mo alloy s les were ranged from 200 to 500 μm. The plateau stress and elastic modulus of the porous Ti-Mo alloy s les increases with the decreasing of the porosity. Moreover, an apatite coating on the Ti-Mo alloy after an alkali and heat treatment was obtained through soaking into a simulated body fluid (SBF). The porous Ti-Mo alloy provides promising potential for new implant materials with new bone tissue ingrowth ability, bioactivity and mechanical properties mimicking those of natural bone.
Fabrication of novel TiZr alloy foams for biomedical applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2006
Materials and Manufacturing for Ankle–Foot Orthoses: A Review
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-08-2023
Abstract: Ankle–foot orthoses (AFOs) assist patients with gait impairment by correcting ankle and foot deformities, restoring mobility, reducing pain, and providing protection and immobilization. AFOs can effectively manage various types of gait pathologies, including foot drop, crouch gait, equinus gait, and stiff knee gait. AFOs are available in prefabricated or custom‐made forms in various designs. The selection criteria for the fabrication of an AFO are the duration of usage, the amount of applied force, the degree of axial loading, the patient's skin condition, and the cost. The accessibility of erse materials in the last century has significantly improved orthoses. Ideal orthotic materials must be light, stiff, and strong, and can be made of plastics, metals, polymer‐based composites, leather, or a hybrid of different materials. A deeper understanding of the materials employed in the fabrication of AFOs holds the potential for more advanced and efficient orthoses, which can improve patients’ ability to ambulate in the real world. The present review provides insight into the various materials utilized for the fabrication of AFOs and describes the benefits and challenges associated with the materials. An attempt has also been made to highlight typical gait pathologies and design concepts in response to them.
Effects of alloying elements on the corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of biodegradable magnesium alloys: a review
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C3TB21746A
Abstract: This review elaborates the effects of alloying elements on the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion and biocompatibility of biodegradable magnesium alloys.
Effect of relaxation on pressure sensitivity index in a Zr-based metallic glass
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2007
Novel β-Ti35Zr28Nb alloy scaffolds manufactured using selective laser melting for bone implant applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2019.01.051
Abstract: Titanium (Ti) based tissue engineering scaffolds can be used to repair damaged bone. However, successful orthopedic applications of these scaffolds rely on their ability to mimic the mechanical properties of trabecular bone. Selective laser melting (SLM) was used to manufacture scaffolds of a new β-Ti35Zr28Nb alloy for biomedical applications. Porosity values of the scaffolds were 83% for the FCCZ structure (face centered cubic unit cell with longitudinal struts) and 50% for the FBCCZ structure (face and body centered cubic unit cell with longitudinal struts). The scaffolds had an elastic modulus of ∼1 GPa and a plateau strength of 8-58 MPa, which fall within the values of trabecular bone (0.2-5 GPa for elastic modulus and 4-70 MPa for compressive strength). The SLM-manufactured β-Ti35Zr28Nb alloy showed good corrosion properties. MTS assay revealed that both the FCCZ and FBCCZ scaffolds had a cell viability similar to the control. SEM observation indicated that the osteoblast-like cells adhered, spread and grew healthily on the surface of both scaffolds after culture for 7, 14 and 28 d, demonstrating good biocompatibility. Overall, the SLM-manufactured Ti35Zr28Nb scaffolds possess promising potential as hard-tissue implant materials due to their appropriate mechanical properties, good corrosion behavior and biocompatibility. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Novel β Ti35Zr28Nb alloy scaffolds with FCCZ and FBCCZ structures were successfully fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) for biomedical applications. The scaffolds showed values of elastic modulus of ∼1 GPa and plateau strength of 8-58 MPa, which fall within the ranges of the mechanical properties of trabecular bone. The SLM-manufactured β Ti35Zr28Nb alloy showed good corrosion properties. Both SLM-manufactured FCCZ and FBCCZ scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility, with osteoblast-like cells attaching, growing, and spreading in a healthy way on their surfaces after culturing for different periods up to 28 d.
Impact of ruthenium on mechanical properties, biological response and thermal processing of β-type Ti–Nb–Ru alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2016.09.012
Abstract: In this paper, we present further work on the influence of minor additions of Ru to the Ti-20Nb alloy system, with a primary focus on mechanical properties of the as-cast material, along with microstructural response to elevated temperatures. Findings include high as-cast strengths and admissible strain values, up to 920MPa and 1.5% respectively, along with moduli down to approximately 65GPa in the as-cast state. Together with a significant increase in cell proliferation under MTS assay relative to controls, this indicates the chosen alloy system has significant promise for application in porous orthopaedic biomaterials, in particular those alloys with 0.5-1.0% Ru are deemed most suitable. Given their promise, preliminary investigation of the alloy system's response to thermal treatment was also undertaken. The presented research, an investigation into the mechanical properties and response to thermal treatments of Ru-containing Ti-20Nb-base alloys, holds significance in the field of metallic biomaterials due to the heretofore limited investigation into the impact of Ru on the properties of biomedical, β-phase, Ti-based alloys. Given Ru's known beneficial impact on corrosion resistance, experimental confirmation of the impact of addition on mechanical properties was needed that suitable mechanical properties, including yield strengths up to ∼930MPa along with elastic admissible strains approaching 1.5%, were achieved is both promising in and of itself, and of significant note for further research into the field. Preliminary thermal and cell-proliferation studies are additionally provided to inform further studies.
Ti6Ta4Sn Alloy and Subsequent Scaffolding for Bone Tissue Engineering
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 10-2009
Processing and Characterization of SrTiO3–TiO2 Nanoparticle–Nanotube Heterostructures on Titanium for Biomedical Applications
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-07-2015
Abstract: Surface properties such as physicochemical characteristics and topographical parameters of biomaterials, essentially determining the interaction between the biological cells and the biomaterial, are important considerations in the design of implant materials. In this study, a layer of SrTiO3-TiO2 nanoparticle-nanotube heterostructures on titanium has been fabricated via anodization combined with a hydrothermal process. Titanium was anodized to create a layer of titania (TiO2) nanotubes (TNTs), which was then decorated with a layer of SrTiO3 nanoparticles via hydrothermal processing. SrTiO3-TiO2 heterostructures with high and low volume fraction of SrTiO3 nanoparticle (denoted by 6.3-Sr/TNTs and 1.4-Sr/TNTs) were achieved by using a hydrothermal processing time of 12 and 3 h, respectively. The in vitro biocompatibility of the SrTiO3-TiO2 heterostructures was assessed by using osteoblast cells (SaOS2). Our results indicated that the SrTiO3-TiO2 heterostructures with different volume fractions of SrTiO3 nanoparticles exhibited different Sr ion release in cell culture media and different surface energies. An appropriate volume fraction of SrTiO3 in the heterostructures stimulated the secretion of cell filopodia, leading to enhanced biocompatibility in terms of cell attachment, anchoring, and proliferation on the heterostructure surface.
Biodegradable Zn–Cu–Li alloys with ultrahigh strength, ductility, antibacterial ability, cytocompatibility, and suitable degradation rate for potential bone-implant applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Corrosion and Mechanical Properties of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy Fabricated by Solid Recycling Process
Publisher: Japan Institute of Metals
Date: 2001
Hierarchical composite structure to simultaneously realize superior superhydrophobicity and anti-reflection
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Cellular responses of osteoblast‐like cells to 17 elemental metals
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-09-2016
DOI: 10.1002/JBM.A.35895
Abstract: Elemental metals have been widely used to alloy metallic orthopedic implants. However, there is still insufficient research data elucidating the cell responses of osteoblastic cells to alloying elemental metals, which impedes the development of new metallic implant materials. In this study, the cellular responses of osteoblast-like cells (SaOS2) to 17 pure alloying elemental metals, that is, titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), silicon (Si), and tin (Sn) were comparatively investigated in vitro. Cellular responses including intracellular total protein synthesis and collagen content, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity on these elemental metals were systematically assessed and compared. It was found that these elemental metals could be categorized into three groups based on the cellular functions on them. Group 1, including Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Cr, Ru, and Si, showed excellent cell proliferation and varied ALP activity for SaOS2 cells. Cells exposed to Group 2, including Mo and Sn, although initially attached and grew, did not proliferate over time. In contrast, Group 3, including V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, showed severe cytotoxicity toward SaOS2 cells. It is vital to consider the cell responses to the elemental metals when designing a new metallic implant material and the findings of this study provide insights into the biological performance of the elemental metals. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 148-158, 2017.
Length-scale dependent deformation, strengthening, and ductility of fcc/fcc Ni/Al nanolaminates using micropillar compression testing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Porous TiNbZr alloy scaffolds for biomedical applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2009.06.002
Abstract: In the present study, porous Ti-10Nb-10Zr alloy scaffolds with different porosities were successfully fabricated by a "space-holder" sintering method. By the addition of biocompatible alloying elements the porous TiNbZr scaffolds achieved significantly higher strength than unalloyed Ti scaffolds of the same porosity. In particular, the porous TiNbZr alloy with 59% porosity exhibited an elastic modulus and plateau stress of 5.6 GPa and 137 MPa, respectively. The porous alloys exhibited excellent ductility during compression tests and the deformation mechanism is mainly governed by bending and buckling of the struts. Cell cultures revealed that SaOS2 osteoblast-like cells grew on the surface and inside the pores and showed good spreading. Cell viability for the porous scaffold was three times higher than the solid counterpart. The present study has demonstrated that the porous TiNbZr alloy scaffolds are promising scaffold biomaterials for bone tissue engineering by virtue of their appropriate mechanical properties, highly porous structure and excellent biocompatibility.
Forging Characteristics of AZ31 Mg Alloy
Publisher: Japan Institute of Metals
Date: 2001
Wear behaviour of DMD-generated high-strength steels using multi-factor experiment design on a pin-on-disc apparatus
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-02-2016
Bioengineering International joins the Family of Platinum Open Access Journals
Publisher: AMG Transcend Association
Date: 25-11-2019
DOI: 10.33263/BIOEGNINEERING11.001001
Abstract: We are pleased to announce the launch of a new platinum open access journal entitled Bioengineering International. Bioengineering International is a peer-reviewed journal that encourages worldwide academic and scientific researchers to share their original research work, reviews and commentaries. The journal will provide an extensive platform for this interdisciplinary blend of chemistry, biology and materials science, with their synergistic effects on the progress of biomedicine and bioengineering. The purpose of Bioengineering International journal is to provide comprehensive and facile access to the latest contributions of academic and scientific researchers and to facilitate their publication completely free of charge including review papers, original research articles, communications and short notes. AMG Transcend Association (Romania) covers all economic costs of the publishing process. Platinum Open Access policy provides permanent free and open access for worldwide readers, both the scientific community and the general public. The Bioengineering International journal will ensure the high visibility of the published papers, by ensuring their appearance in most important scientific databases, such as Scopus (Elsevier), Science Citation Index (Clarivate Analytics), Scilit (MDPI) and Chemical Abstracts (CAS). Therefore, we encourage all research scientists interested in the field of bioengineering to submit their papers to Bioengineering International.
Effect of process control agent on the porous structure and mechanical properties of a biomedical Ti-Sn-Nb alloy produced by powder metallurgy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2009.10.005
Abstract: The influence of different amounts and types of process control agent (PCA), i.e., stearic acid and ethylene bis-stearamide, on the porous structure and mechanical properties of a biomedical Ti-16Sn-4Nb (wt.%) alloy was investigated. Alloy synthesis was performed on elemental metal powders using high-energy ball milling for 5h. Results indicated that varying the PCA content during ball milling led to a drastic change in morphology and particle-size distribution of the ball-milled powders. Porous titanium alloy s les sintered from the powders ball milled with the addition of various amounts of PCA also revealed different pore morphology and porosity. The Vickers hardness of the sintered titanium alloy s les exhibited a considerable increase with increasing PCA content. Moreover, the addition of larger amounts of PCA in the powder mixture resulted in a significant increase in the elastic modulus and peak stress for the sintered porous titanium alloy s les under compression. It should also be mentioned that the addition of PCA introduced contamination (mainly carbon and oxygen) into the sintered porous product.
Fabrication of Porous TiAl Intermetallic Compound by Self -propagating High Temperature Synthesis
Publisher: Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.2497/JJSPM.50.848
Microstructure evolution and nanograin formation during shear localization in cold-rolled titanium
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2010
A comprehensive review of biodegradable synthetic polymer-ceramic composites and their manufacture for biomedical applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Novel carbon nanotubes reinforced Ti28Nb35.4Zr matrix composites fabricated via direct metal deposition for bone implant applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Mechanical, corrosion, nanotribological, and biocompatibility properties of equal channel angular pressed Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr alloys for biomedical applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2022.07.005
Abstract: This study systematically investigated the effect of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) on the microstructure, mechanical, corrosion, nano-tribological properties and biocompatibility of a newly developed β Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr (hereafter denoted TNZ) alloy. Results indicated that ECAP of the β TNZ alloy refined its microstructure by forming ultrafine grains without causing stress-induced phase transformation, leading to formation of a single β phase. The ECAP-processed TNZ alloy exhibited a compressive yield strength of 960 MPa, and high plastic deformation capacity without fracturing under compression loads. Potentiodynamic polarization tests revealed the higher tendency of ECAP-processed TNZ alloys to form passive oxide films on its surface, which exhibited a lower corrosion rate (0.44±0.07 µm/y) in Hanks' balanced salt solution compared to its as-cast counterpart (0.71±0.10 µm/y). Nanotribological testing also revealed higher resistance of the ECAP-processed TNZ alloy to abrasion, wear and scratching, when compared to its as-cast counterpart. Cytocompatibility and cell adhesion assessments of the ECAP-processed TNZ alloys showed a high viability (111%) of human osteoblast-like SaOS2 cells after 7 d of culturing. Moreover, the ECAP-processed TNZ alloy promoted adhesion and spreading of SaOS2 cells, which exhibited growth and proliferation on alloy surfaces. In summary, significantly enhanced mechanical, corrosion, and biological properties of ECAP-processed TNZ alloy advocate its suitability for load-bearing implant applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) provides a unique combination of enhanced mechanical and functional properties of materials by optimizing their microstructures and phase transformations. This study investigated the mechanical, nano-tribological, corrosion, and biocompatibility properties of a newly developed β Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr (TNZ) alloy processed via ECAP. Our findings indicated that ECAP of the β TNZ alloy refined its microstructure by forming ultrafine grains without causing stress-induced phase transformation. Compared to its as-cast counterpart, ECAP-processed TNZ exhibited significantly enhanced compressive yield strength, plastic deformation capacity, hardness, wear, and corrosion properties. Moreover, in vitro cytocompatibility and cell adhesion studies revealed high cellular viabilities, growth and proliferation of osteoblast-like SaOS2 cells on the ECAP-processed TNZ alloy.
Diffusion ledge mechanism of massive γ transformation in quenched TiAl alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1999
Mechanical Properties and Blow Forming of Rolled AZ31 Mg Alloy Sheet
Publisher: Japan Institute of Metals
Date: 2003
The Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Biocompatibility of PM-Fabricated Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr Alloy for Orthopedic Implant Applications
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-03-2018
DOI: 10.3390/MA11040531
Surface modification of additively manufactured metallic biomaterials with active antipathogenic properties
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of aluminum honeycombs under quasi-static and dynamic indentation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Biodegradable PLA-ZnO nanocomposite biomaterials with antibacterial properties, tissue engineering viability, and enhanced biocompatibility
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Biodegradable metallic suture anchors: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Processing of fine-grained aluminum foam by spark plasma sintering
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Ion-substituted calcium phosphate coatings by physical vapor deposition magnetron sputtering for biomedical applications: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2019.03.006
Abstract: Coatings based on ion-substituted calcium phosphate (Ca-P) have attracted great attention in the scientific community over the past decade for the development of biomedical applications. Among such Ca-P based structures, hydroxyapatite (HA) has shown significant influence on cell behaviors including cell proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation. These cell behaviors determine the osseointegration between the implant and host bone and the biocompatibility of implants. This review presents a critical analysis on the physical vapor deposition magnetron sputtering (PVDMS) technique that has been used for ion-substituted Ca-P based coatings on implants materials. The effect of PVDMS processing parameters such as discharge power, bias voltage, deposition time, substrate temperature, and post-heat treatment on the surface properties of ion-substituted Ca-P coatings is elucidated. Moreover, the advantages, short comings and future research directions of Ca-P coatings by PVDMS have been comprehensively analyzed. It is revealed that the topography and surface chemistry of amorphous HA coatings influence the cell behavior, and ion-substituted HA coatings significantly increase cell attachment but may result in a cytotoxic effect that reduces the growth of the cells attached to the coating surface areas. Meanwhile, low-crystalline HA coatings exhibit lower rates of osteogenic cell proliferation as compared to highly crystalline HA coatings developed on Ti based surfaces. PVDMS allows a close reproduction of bioapatite characteristics with high adhesion strength and substitution of therapeutic ions. It can also be used for processing nanostructured Ca-P coatings on polymeric biomaterials and biodegradable metals and alloys with enhanced corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Recent studies have utilized the physical vapor deposition magnetron sputtering (PVDMS) for the deposition of Ca-P and ion-substituted Ca-P thin film coatings on orthopedic and dental implants. This review explains the effect of PVDMS processing parameters, such as discharge power, bias voltage, deposition time, substrate temperature, and post-heat treatment, on the surface morphology and crystal structure of ion-substituted Ca-P and ion-substituted Ca-P thin coatings. It is revealed that coating thickness, surface morphology and crystal structure of ion-substituted Ca-P coatings via PVDMS directly affect the biocompatibility and cell responses of such structures. The cell responses determine the osseointegration between the implant and host bone and eventually the success of the implants.
Study of TiO2-Coated α-Fe2O3 Composites and the Oxygen-Defects Effect on the Application as the Anode Materials of High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-11-2020
Metastable structures of immiscible system induced by mechanical alloying
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 15-12-1997
Microstructural characteristics of a nanoeutectic Ag–Cu alloy processed by surface mechanical attrition treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-0011
Surfactants in mechanical alloying/milling: A catch-22 situation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-12-2014
The influence of titania-zirconia-zirconium titanate nanotube characteristics on osteoblast cell adhesion
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2014.10.037
Abstract: Studies of biomaterial surfaces and their influence on cell behavior provide insights concerning the design of surface physicochemical and topography properties of implant materials. Fabrication of biocompatible metal oxide nanotubes on metallic biomaterials, especially titanium alloys such as Ti50Zr via anodization, alters the surface chemistry as well as surface topography of the alloy. In this study, four groups of TiO2-ZrO2-ZrTiO4 nanotubes that exhibit erse nanoscale dimensional characteristics (i.e. inner diameter Di, outer diameter Do and wall thicknesses Wt) were fabricated via anodization. The nanotubes were annealed and characterized using scanning electron microscopy and 3-D profilometry. The potential applied during anodization influenced the oxidation rate of titanium and zirconium, thereby resulting in different nanoscale characteristics for the nanotubes. The different oxidation and dissolution rates both led to changes in the surface roughness parameters. The in vitro cell response to the nanotubes with different nanoscale dimensional characteristics was assessed using osteoblast cells (SaOS2). The results of the MTS assay indicated that the nanotubes with inner diameter (Di)≈40nm exhibited the highest percentage of cell adhesion of 41.0%. This result can be compared to (i) 25.9% cell adhesion at Di≈59nm, (ii) 33.1% at Di≈64nm, and (iii) 33.5% at Di≈82nm. The nanotubes with Di≈59nm exhibited the greatest roughness parameter of Sa (mean roughness), leading to the lowest ability to interlock with SaOS2 cells.
Biodegradable Zn–Dy binary alloys with high strength, ductility, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial ability for bone-implant applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2022.10.053
Abstract: The unique combination of biodegradability, biocompatibility, and functionality of zinc (Zn)-based alloys makes them highly desirable for a wide range of medical applications. However, a long-standing problem associated with this family of biodegradable alloys in the as-cast state is their limited mechanical strength and slow degradation rate. Here we report the development of Zn-xDy (x = 1, 3, and 5 wt.%) alloys with high strength, ductility, cytocompatibility, antibacterial ability, and appropriate degradation rate for biodegradable bone-implant applications. Our results indicate that the mechanical properties of Zn-xDy alloys were effectively improved with increasing Dy addition and hot-rolling due to the second-phase strengthening. The hot-rolled (HR) Zn-3Dy alloy showed the best combined mechanical performance with an ultimate tensile strength of 270.5 MPa, a yield strength of 214.8 MPa, an elongation of 55.1%, and Brinell hardness of 75.9 HB. The corrosion and degradation rates of HR Zn-xDy alloys in Hanks' solution gradually increased with increasing Dy addition due to the intensification of galvanic corrosion. The HR Zn-3Dy alloy showed high antibacterial ability against S. aureus and cytocompatibility toward MC3T3-E1 cells among all the HR alloys. Overall, the HR Zn-3Dy alloy can be considered a promising biodegradable material for bone implants. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work reports on Zn-xDy (x = 1, 3, and 5%) alloys fabricated by Dy alloying followed by hot-rolling for biodegradable bone-implant applications. Our findings demonstrate that the hot-rolled (HR) Zn-3Dy alloy showed the best combined mechanical performance with an ultimate tensile strength of 270.5 MPa, a yield strength of 214.8 MPa, an elongation of 55.1%, and Brinell hardness of 75.9 HB. The corrosion and degradation rates of HR Zn-xDy alloys in Hanks' solution gradually increased with increasing Dy addition due to the intensification of galvanic corrosion. Furthermore, the HR Zn-3Dy alloy showed greater antibacterial ability against S. aureus and the best cytocompatibility toward MC3T3-E1 cells among all the HR alloys.
Solid-state recycling from machined scraps to a cellular solid
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2007
Abstract: Cellular solids were processed from machined scraps of a medium carbon steel by sintering. Mechanical properties of the cellular solids were investigated by compressive tests from the viewpoint of effects of high dislocation density in the machined scraps on the solid-state bonding. The flow stress in the plateau region for the cellular solid made of the as-machined scraps was higher than that of the one made of the annealed scraps. Clearly, the bonding strength between scraps was increased by the high dislocation density in the as-machined scraps.
Impact Response and Energy Absorption of Aluminium Foam-Filled Tubes
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMM.152-154.436
Abstract: The effect of foam fillers on the impact behaviour and energy absorption of an aluminium tube is investigated. Both experimental test and computational simulation are employed in current study. For comparison, hollow tubes and foams are also tested, respectively. Foam filler is found to be ineffective in increasing the crushing loads of the composite tubes over the simple superposition of the crushing loads of hollow tube and foam. Also, foam filler increases the tendency for the concertina mode of folding. The foam fillers of tubes additionally result in increasing the SAE values over those of hollow tubes.
The role of temperature in the strengthening of Cu–Al alloys processed by surface mechanical attrition treatment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-05-2015
DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2015.112
Wear Behaviour of Pure Ti with a Nanocrystalline Surface Layer
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 07-2011
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMM.66-68.1500
Abstract: A nanocrystalline (NC) layer with the thickness of 30 µm was produced on pure titanium surface by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). Microstructure observation indicated that the grain size increases with depth from the treated surface. The friction coefficient decreases and the wear resistance increases with the SMAT s le as compared to its coarse-grained counterpart. The improvement of the wear properties could be attributed to the higher hardness of SMAT s le.
The influence of strain rate, deformation temperature and stacking fault energy on the mechanical properties of Cu alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Effects of Mg17Sr2 Phase on the Bio‐Corrosion Behavior of Mg–Zr–Sr Alloys
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-07-2015
Processing and mechanical properties of autogenous titanium implant materials
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
Abstract: Pure titanium and some of its alloys are currently considered as the most attractive metallic materials for biomedical applications due to their excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. It has been demonstrated that titanium and titanium alloys are well accepted by human tissues as compared to other metals such as SUS316L stainless steel and Co-Cr-Mo type alloy. In the present study, highly porous titanium foams with porosities <or=80% are produced by using a novel powder metallurgical process, which includes the adding of the selected spacers into the starting powders. The optimal process parameters are investigated. The porous titanium foams are characterized by using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The distribution of the pore size is measured by quantitative image analyses. The mechanical properties are investigated by compressive tests. This open-cellular titanium foams, with the pore size of 200-500 microm are expected to be a very promising biomaterial candidates for bone implants because its porous structure permits the ingrowths of new-bone tissues and the transport of body fluids.
In Vitro Degradation Behaviors of Manganese-Calcium Phosphate Coatings on an Mg-Ca-Zn Alloy
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1155/2018/6268579
Abstract: In order to decrease the degradation rate of magnesium (Mg) alloys for the potential orthopedic applications, manganese-calcium phosphate coatings were prepared on an Mg-Ca-Zn alloy in calcium phosphating solutions with different addition of Mn 2+ . Influence of Mn content on degradation behaviors of phosphate coatings in the simulated body fluid was investigated to obtain the optimum coating. With the increasing Mn addition, the corrosion resistance of the manganese-calcium phosphate coatings was gradually improved. The optimum coating prepared in solution containing 0.05 mol/L Mn 2+ had a uniform and compact microstructure and was composed of MnHPO 4 ·3H 2 O, CaHPO 4 ·2H 2 O, and Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 . The electrochemical corrosion test in simulated body fluid revealed that polarization resistance of the optimum coating is 36273 Ωcm 2 , which is about 11 times higher than that of phosphate coating without Mn addition. The optimum coating also showed the most stable surface structure and lowest hydrogen release in the immersion test in simulated body fluid.
A review on porous negative electrodes for high performance lithium-ion batteries
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-06-2015
Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Zr-Ca Alloys Prepared by Hot-Extrusion for Biomedical Applications
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 08-2011
Ti–SrO metal matrix composites for bone implant materials
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4TB00372A
Abstract: Titanium–strontia (Ti–SrO) metal matrix composites (MMCs) with 1, 3 and 5% (weight ratio) of SrO have been fabricated through the powder metallurgy method.
Surface Coating and Modification of Metallic Biomaterials
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2015
Biodegradable Zn−3Mg−0.7Mg2Si composite fabricated by high-pressure solidification for bone implant applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
In vitro behavior of human osteoblast-like cells (SaOS2) cultured on surface modified titanium and titanium-zirconium alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
Design of a New Biocompatible Ti-Based Shape Memory Alloy and Its Superelastic Deformation Behaviour
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.654-656.2087
Abstract: Titanium-nickel (Ti-Ni) shape memory alloys have been widely used for biomedical applications in recent years. However, it is reported that Ni is allergic and possibly carcinogenic for the human body. Therefore, it is desirable to develop new Ni-free Ti-based shape memory alloys for biomedical applications. In the present study, a new Ti-18Nb-5Mo-5Sn (wt.%) alloy, containing only biocompatible alloying elements, was designed with the aid of molecular orbital method and produced by vacuum arc melting. Both β and α″ martensitic phases were found to coexist in the alloy after ice-water quenching, indicating the martensitic transformation. The phase transformation temperatures of the Ti-18Nb-5Mo-5Sn alloy were Ms = 7.3 °C, Mf = −31.0 °C, As = 9.9 °C, and Af = 54.8 °C. Superelasticity was observed in the alloy at a temperature higher than the Af temperature. A totally recovered strain of 3.5 % was achieved for the newly designed Ti-based shape memory alloy with a pre-strain of 4 %.
Flexible Superhydrophobic and Superoleophilic MoS2 Sponge for Highly Efficient Oil-Water Separation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-06-2016
DOI: 10.1038/SREP27207
Abstract: Removal of oils and organic solvents from water is an important global challenge for energy conservation and environmental protection. Advanced sorbent materials with excellent sorption capacity need to be developed. Here we report on a superhydrophobic and superoleophilic MoS 2 nanosheet sponge (SMS) for highly efficient separation and absorption of oils or organic solvents from water. This novel sponge exhibits excellent absorption performance through a combination of superhydrophobicity, high porosity, robust stability in harsh conditions (including flame retardance and inertness to corrosive and different temperature environments) and excellent mechanical properties. The dip-coating strategy proposed for the fabrication of the SMS, which does not require a complicated process or sophisticated equipment, is very straightforward and easy to scale up. This finding shows promise for water remediation and oil recovery.
The importance of particle size in porous titanium and nonporous counterparts for surface energy and its impact on apatite formation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2009.02.027
Abstract: The importance of particle size in titanium (Ti) fabricated by powder metallurgy for the surface energy and its impact on the apatite formation was investigated. Four sorts of Ti powders of different mean particle size were realized through 20min, 2h, 5h and 8h of ball milling, respectively. Each sort of Ti powder was used to fabricate porous Ti and its nonporous counterparts sharing similar surface morphology, grain size and chemical composition, and then alkali-heat treatment was conducted on them. Surface energy was measured on the surfaces of the nonporous Ti counterparts due to the difficulty in measuring the porous surfaces directly. The surface energy increase on the alkali-heat-treated porous and nonporous Ti was observed due to the decrease in the particle size of the Ti powders and the presence of Ti-OH groups brought by the alkali-heat treatment. The apatite-inducing ability of the alkali-heat-treated porous and nonporous Ti with different surface energy values was evaluated in modified simulated body fluid and results indicated that there was a strong correlation between the apatite-inducing ability and the surface energy. The alkali-heat-treated porous and nonporous Ti discs prepared from the powders with an average particle size of 5.89+/-0.76microm possessed the highest surface energy and the best apatite-inducing ability when compared to the s les produced from the powders with the average particle size varying from 19.79+/-0.31 to 10.25+/-0.39microm.
Effect of heat-treatment atmosphere on the bond strength of apatite layer on Ti substrate
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.DENTAL.2008.03.018
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the bond strength of apatite layer on titanium (Ti) substrate coated by biomimetic method and to improve the bonding of apatite layer to Ti substrate by optimizing the alkali heat-treatment process. Ti plates pre-treated with an alkali solution of 10 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were heat-treated at 600 degrees C for 1h at different atmospheres: in air and in vacuum. A dense apatite layer formed on top of the sodium titanate layer after soaking the alkali and heat-treated Ti s les in simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 3 weeks. The bond strengths of the sodium titanate layer on Ti substrate, and apatite layer on the sodium titanate layer, were measured, respectively, by applying a tensile load. The fracture sites were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The apatite layer on the substrate after alkali heat-treatment in air achieved higher bond strength than that on the substrate after alkali heat-treatment in vacuum. It was found that the interfacial structure between the sodium titanate and Ti substrate has a significant influence on the bond strength of the apatite layer. It is advised that titanium implants can achieve better osseointegration under load-bearing conditions by depositing an apatite layer in vivo on a Ti surface subjected to alkali and heat-treated in air.
Microstructural evolution and its influence on the mechanical properties of a thermomechanically processed β Ti–32Zr–30Nb alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Thermal oxidation behaviour of bulk titanium with nanocrystalline surface layer
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2012
Hydroxyapatite/titania sol–gel coatings on titanium–zirconium alloy for biomedical applications☆
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2006.10.004
Abstract: A simple sol-gel method was developed for hydroxyapatite/titania (HA/TiO(2)) coatings on non-toxic titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloy for biomedical applications. The HA/TiO(2)-coated TiZr alloy displayed excellent bioactivity when soaked in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for an appropriate period. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry were used to characterize the phase transformations and the surface structures and to assess the in vitro tests. The HA/TiO(2) layers were spin-coated on the surface of TiZr alloy at a speed of 3000rpm for 15s, followed by a heat treatment at 600 degrees C for 20min in an argon atmosphere sequentially. The TiO(2) layer exhibited a cracked surface and an anatase structure and the HA layer displayed a uniform dense structure. Both the TiO(2) and HA layers were 25microm thick, and the total thickness of the HA/TiO(2) coatings was 50microm. The TiZr alloy after the above HA/TiO(2) coatings displayed excellent bone-like apatite-forming ability when soaked in SBF and can be anticipated to be a promising load-bearing implant material.
Consolidation of Titanium Tri-aluminide using by Spark Plasma Sintering.
Publisher: Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy
Date: 1997
DOI: 10.2497/JJSPM.44.554
Dynamic behaviour of high strength steel parts developed through laser assisted direct metal deposition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Focused ion beam fabrication of amorphous and polycrystalline Fe78B13Si9 alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
The effects of calcium and yttrium additions on the microstructure, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of biodegradable magnesium alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-09-2010
Interdependencies between graphitization of carbon nanotubes and strengthening mechanisms in titanium matrix composites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Ultrafine equiaxed-grain Ti/Al composite produced by accumulative roll bonding
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2007
Disparate micro-mechanical behaviors of adjacent bone lamellae through in situ SEM micropillar compression
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Fabrication of nanoscale Ti honeycombs by focused ion beam
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2003
Mechanical Properties and Press Formability at Room Temperature of AZ31 Mg Alloy Processed by Single Roller Drive Rolling
Publisher: Japan Institute of Metals
Date: 2002
Low frequency damping capacity in a strained Fe–Mn–Si alloy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2010
Corrosion of porous Ti35Zr28Nb in Hanks’ solution and 3.5 wt% NaCl
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-09-2018
Exploring the Role of Manganese on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Biodegradability, and Biocompatibility of Porous Iron-Based Scaffolds
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-02-2019
Wear Mechanism and Modeling of Tribological Behavior of Polycrystalline Diamond Tools When Cutting Ti6Al4V
Publisher: ASME International
Date: 05-10-2018
DOI: 10.1115/1.4041327
Abstract: Owing to its outstanding physical and mechanical properties, polycrystalline diamond (PCD) is ideal for cutting titanium alloys. However, the high temperature and stress caused by the interaction of tool surface and chip flow lead to different types of wear. This paper investigates the wear mechanisms of PCD tools in three different tribological regions: sticking zone, transition zone, and sliding zone, when machining titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. The tribological behavior of PCD tools in the wear processes were analyzed through both experiments and theoretical calculations. Analytical models of stresses and temperature distribution were developed and validated by turning experiments. PCD tools, consisting of diamond grains of different sizes: CTB002 (2 μm), CTB010 (10 μm), and CTM302 (2–30 μm), were used to cut Ti6Al4V at the normal cutting speed of 160 m/min and high cutting speed 240 m/min. It was found that adhesion, abrasion and diffusion dominated the wear process of PCD tools in different worn regions. Microscopic characters showed that the wear mechanisms were different in the three tribological regions, which was affected by the distribution of stresses and temperature. “Sticking” of workpiece material was obvious on the cutting edge, abrasion was severe in the transition zone, and adhesion was significant in the sliding zone. The shapes and morphological characters in different worn regions were affected by the stresses distribution and the types of PCD materials.
Apatite Formation on Nano-Structured Titanium and Niobium Surface
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 03-2009
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.614.85
Abstract: Current orthopaedic biomaterials research mainly focuses on developing implants that could induce controlled, guided and rapid healing. In the present study, the surface morphologies of titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) metals were tailored to form nanoporous, nanoplate and nanofibre-like structures through adjustment of the temperature in the alkali treatment. The in vitro bioactivity of these structures was then evaluated by soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF). It was found that the morphology of the modified surface significantly influenced the apatite inducing ability. The Ti surface with a nanofiber-like structure showed better apatite inducing ability, than the nanoporous or nanoplate surface structures. A thick dense apatite layer formed on the Ti surface with nanofiber-like structure after 1 week soaking in SBF. It is expected that the nanofibre-like surface could achieve good apatite formation in vivo and subsequently enhance osteoblast cell adhesion and bone formation in vivo.
Effect of dispersion method on the deterioration, interfacial interactions and re-agglomeration of carbon nanotubes in titanium metal matrix composites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Mechanical properties, corrosion and degradation behaviors, and in vitro cytocompatibility of a biodegradable Zn–5La alloy for bone-implant applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Biomimetic modification of porous tinbZr alloy scaffold for bone tissue engineering
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 2010
<i>In Vitro</i> Cytotoxicity of Binary Ti Alloys for Bone Implants
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.618-619.295
Abstract: Interest in using titanium (Ti) alloys as load-bearing implant materials has increased due to their high strength to weight ratio, lower elastic modulus, and superior biocompatibility and enhanced corrosion resistance compared to conventional metals such as stainless steel and Co-Cr alloys. In the present study, the in vitro cytotoxicity of five binary titanium alloys, Ti15Ta, Ti15Nb, Ti15Zr, Ti15Sn and Ti15Mo, was assessed using human osteosarcoma cell line, SaOS-2 cells. The Cell proliferation and viability were determined, and cell adhesion and morphology on the surfaces of the binary Ti alloys after cell culture were observed by SEM. Results indicated that the Ti binary alloys of Ti15Ta, Ti15Nb and Ti15Zr exhibited the same level of excellent biocompatibility Ti15Sn alloy exhibited a moderate biocompatibility while Ti15Mo alloy exhibited a moderate cytotoxicity. The SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells had flattened and spread across the surfaces of the Ti15Ta, Ti15Nb, Ti15Zr and Ti15Sn groups however, the cell shapes on the Ti15Mo alloy was shrinking and unhealthy. These results indicated that the Mo contents should be limited to a certain level in the design and development of new Ti alloys for implant material applications.
Role of stacking fault energy and strain rate in strengthening of Cu and Cu–Al alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-08-2014
DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2014.210
Anisotropic Ti-6Al-4V gyroid scaffolds manufactured by electron beam melting (EBM) for bone implant applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
A review of the physiological impact of rare earth elements and their uses in biomedical Mg alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Enhanced electrochemical performance of silicon anode materials with titanium hydride treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Nanotopography and surface chemistry of TiO2 -ZrO2 -ZrTiO4 nanotubular surfaces and the influence on their bioactivity and cell responses
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
Microstructure and mechanical properties of high-pressure-assisted solidification of in situ Al–Mg2Si composites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Composition dependency of the glass forming ability (GFA) in Mg–Ni–Si system by mechanical alloying
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2007
INFLUENCE OF POROSITY ON SHAPE MEMORY BEHAVIOR OF POROUS TiNi SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 12-2008
DOI: 10.1142/S1793604708000332
Abstract: Porous Ti -50.5at.% Ni shape memory alloy (SMA) s les with a range of porosities were prepared by spacer sintering. The porous structure of the alloy was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The phase constituents of the porous TiNi alloy were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The shape memory behavior of the porous TiNi alloy was investigated using loading–unloading compression tests. Results indicate that the porous TiNi alloy exhibits superelasticity and the recoverable strain by the superelasticity decreases with the increase of porosity. After a prestrain of 7%, the superelastically recovered strains for the porous TiNi alloy s les with porosities of 46%, 59%, 69% and 77% are 2.0%, 1.8%, 1.5% and 1.3%, respectively. The pores in the TiNi alloy s les cause stress/strain concentration, as well as crack initiation, which adversely affect the shape memory behavior of the porous TiNi alloy.
Efficient fabrication of ternary coupling biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces with superior performance of anti-wetting and self-cleaning by a simple two-step method
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Investigations into Ti-(Nb,Ta)-Fe alloys for biomedical applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2015.12.010
Abstract: In this study, a Ti-(Ta,Nb)-Fe system was investigated with aims toward the development of high strength, biocompatible titanium alloy suitable for the development of porous orthopedic biomaterials with minimal processing. Notable findings include yield strengths of 740, 1250 and 1360 MPa for the Ti-12Nb-5Fe, Ti-7Ta-5Fe and Ti-10Ta-4Fe alloys, respectively, with elastic moduli comparable to existing Ti-alloys, yielding admissible strains of 0.9 ± 0.3, 1.2 ± 0.2 and 1.13 ± 0.02% for the Ti-12Nb-5Fe, Ti-7Ta-5Fe and Ti-10Ta-4Fe alloys, respectively more than twice that of human bone. Observed microstructure varied significantly depending on alloy near pure β-phase was seen in Ti-12Nb-5Fe, β with some ω precipitation in Ti-10Ta-4Fe, and a duplex α+β structure was observed throughout the Ti-7Ta-5Fe. In addition to suitable mechanical parameters, all investigated alloys exhibited promising corrosion potentials on the order of -0.24 V SCE, equalling that seen for a C.P.-Ti control at -0.25V SCE, and substantially more noble than that seen for Ti-6Al-4V. Electrochemical corrosion rates of 0.5-3 μm/year were likewise seen to agree well with that measured for C.P.-Ti. Further, no statistically significant difference could be seen between any of the alloys relative to a C.P.-Ti control regards to cell proliferation, as investigated via MTS assay and confocal microscopy. As such, the combination of high admissible strain and low corrosion indicate all investigated alloys show significant promise as potential porous biomaterials while in the as-cast state, with the Ti-10Ta-4Fe alloy identified as the most promising composition investigated. The findings of this paper are of significance to the field of metallic biomaterials as they detail the development of alloys of satisfactory biocompatibility and electrochemical behaviour, that furthermore display exceptional mechanical properties. Notably, both extremely high compressive yield strengths and admissible strains, up to 1.36 GPa and 1.2% respectively, are reported, exceeding or rivalling that seen in traditional alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V, which typically displays compressive yield strengths and admissible strains on the order of 895 MPa and 0.81% respectively, as well as modern alloys such as Gum Metal or TNZT. That this is achieved in the absence of thermomechanical processing represents a significant and novel outcome of substantial benefit for application as a porous biomaterial.
HA coating on Mg alloys for biomedical applications: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Numerical investigation of the effect of porous titanium femoral prosthesis on bone remodeling
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
Nanogravel structured NiO/Ni foam as electrode for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-06-2015
Microstructures, mechanical properties and in vitro corrosion behaviour of biodegradable Mg–Zr–Ca alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-10-2012
Biodegradable Mg-Ca and Mg-Ca-Y Alloys for Regenerative Medicine
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.654-656.2192
Abstract: In this study, Mg-xCa (x = 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 %, wt.%, hereafter) and Mg-1Ca-1Y alloys were investigated as new biodegradable bone implant materials. The compressive strength, ultimate strength and hardness of the Mg-Ca alloys increased, whilst the corrosion rate and biocompatibility decreased, with the increase of the Ca content in the Mg-Ca alloys higher Ca content caused the Mg-Ca alloy to become brittle. Solutions of simulated body fluid (SBF) and modified minimum essential media (MMEM) with the immersion of Mg-xCa and Mg-1Ca-1Y alloys showed strong alkalisation. The yttrium addition to the Mg-Ca alloys does not improve the corrosion resistance of the Mg-1Ca-1Y alloy as expected compared to the Mg-1Ca alloy. It is suggested that Mg-Ca alloys with Ca additions less than 1.0 wt.% exhibited good biocompatibility and low corrosion rate.
Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of Nickel Foams Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
Date: 14-01-2008
Elastic modulus and hardness of cortical and trabecular bovine bone measured by nanoindentation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2006
Mechanical properties and bioactive surface modification via alkali-heat treatment of a porous Ti-18Nb-4Sn alloy for biomedical applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2008.04.022
Abstract: A porous Ti-18 at.%Nb-4 at.%Sn (hereafter, Ti-18Nb-4Sn) alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy. The porous structures were examined by scanning electron microscopy and the phase constituents were analysed by X-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties of the porous alloy were investigated using a compressive test. To enhance the bioactivity of the alloy surface, alkali-heat treatment was used to modify the surface. The bioactivity of the pre-treated alloy s le was investigated using a biomimetic process by soaking the s le into simulated body fluid (SBF). Results indicate that the elastic modulus and plateau stress of the porous Ti-18Nb-4Sn alloy decrease with decreasing relative density. The mechanical properties of the porous alloy can be tailored to match those of human bone. After soaking in SBF for 7 days, a hydroxyapatite layer formed on the surface of the pre-treated porous Ti-18Nb-4Sn alloy. The pre-treated porous Ti-18Nb-4Sn alloy therefore has the potential to be a bioactive implant material.
Quantitative analysis of cooling and lubricating effects of graphene oxide nanofluids in machining titanium alloy Ti6Al4V
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Apatite-inducing ability of titanium oxide layer on titanium surface: The effect of surface energy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2008
Abstract: In the present study, pure titanium (Ti) plates were firstly treated to form various types of oxide layers on the surface and then were immersed into simulated body fluid (SBF) to evaluate the apatite-forming ability. The surface morphology and roughness of the different oxide layers were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the surface energies were determined based on the Owens–Wendt (OW) methods. It was found that Ti s les after alkali heat (AH) treatment achieved the best apatite formation after soaking in SBF for three weeks, compared with those without treatment, thermal or H 2 O 2 oxidation. Furthermore, contact angle measurement revealed that the oxide layer on the alkali heat treated Ti s les possessed the highest surface energy. The results indicate that the apatite-inducing ability of a titanium oxide layer links to its surface energy. Apatite nucleation is easier on a surface with a higher surface energy.
Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured Ag on porous titania
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2011
A Newly Developed Biocompatible Titanium Alloy and its Scaffolding by Powder Metallurgy
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/KEM.520.201
Abstract: Titanium and some of its alloys have received considerable attention for biomedical applications in recent years due to their excellent biocompatibility, high corrosion resistance and relatively low elastic modulus when compared to other metallic implant materials such as Co-Cr alloys and stainless steels. However, these alloys can still suffer from inadequate biocompatibility lack of biological fixation and biomechanical mismatch with the properties of bone in vivo. In this study, a new biocompatible Ti alloy, Ti4Ta4Sn, consisting of alpha and beta phases was fabricated and their mechanical properties were investigated. Moreover, the Ti alloy was scaffolded into a porous structure using powder metallurgy with an architecture and elastic modulus mimicking those of cancellous bone. Cell culture results indicated that the new porous Ti alloy scaffold possesses excellent in vitro biocompatibility.
A comparative study on the nanoindentation behavior, wear resistance and in vitro biocompatibility of SLM manufactured CP–Ti and EBM manufactured Ti64 gyroid scaffolds
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2019.08.008
Abstract: The present study investigates the nanoindentation behavior, wear resistance and in vitro biocompatibility of SLM manufactured CP-Ti and EBM manufactured Ti64 gyroid scaffolds and the results were compared to those of casting CP-Ti. Both the SLM- and EBM manufactured scaffolds exhibited anisotropic properties with higher reduced modulus (up to 10%) and nanohardness (up to 30%) in the transverse direction than those in building direction. The wear resistance of scaffolds in transverse direction was higher than those of in building direction by up to ∼25% and ∼82% for SLM manufactured CP-Ti and EBM manufactured Ti64 scaffolds, respectively. The SLM manufactured CP-Ti scaffolds displayed significant enhancement in wear resistance over cast dense CP-Ti with 75% lower mean worn height during a nanowear test. The coefficient of friction was varied between 0.11 and 0.24 and exhibited a steady mean value of 0.15-0.18 for CP-Ti and Ti64 scaffolds, respectively. During in vitro cell culture study, CP-Ti scaffolds showed higher cell viability and cell adhesion density in comparison to Ti64 scaffolds for all unit cell sizes. Moreover, cell adhesion density of scaffolds with smaller unit cell sizes (G2) are lower than those of larger unit cells (G3). SEM observations confirmed that both the inner space and surfaces of gyroid scaffolds provided a suitable environment for cell migration, attachment and proliferation after cell culture for 7 d. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: It is essential to evaluate the properties of EBM/SLM manufactured scaffolds and to determine whether they can meet the tough performance requirements of the biomedical industry. In this study, nanoindentation and nanowear properties of SLM manufactured CP-Ti and EBM manufactured Ti64 gyroid scaffolds with different unit cell sizes and s le orientations were evaluated and compared to cast dense CP-Ti s les. Moreover, the in vitro biocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed and compared to each other. To our best of knowledge, this type of study on EBM/SLM manufactured CP-Ti and Ti64 scaffolds have not been reported, to date.
A biodegradable Zn-1Cu-0.1Ti alloy with antibacterial properties for orthopedic applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Enhanced electrochemical performance of Li-ion batteries with nanoporous titania as negative electrodes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
Compressive properties of solid and porous parts made from high strength steel alloys by direct metal deposition
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.974.141
Abstract: The potential of laser assisted Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) process, for creating structures from high strength steel alloys that can be used in engineering applications requiring high strength and greater ductility in combination with high hardness is investigated. Due to increasing interest in metallic honeycomb and sandwiched structures, solid and porous specimens are prepared and examined in similar conditions. Specimen using two different powders of 316L stainless steel and H13 tool steel alloy are generated by DMD cladding on mild steel plates as substrates. The parts are tested under quasi static compressive loading and curves plotted and analysed for stress vs. strain behaviour. The results indicate that at low laser power, solid and porous steel structures with yield strength and ductility comparable to commercial grades can be produced. Porous structures show excellent characteristics suitable for applications in newly developing field of metallic honeycombs and sandwiched structures. Low modulus of elasticity is a matter of concern, but it can be improved by heat treatment.
Influence of deformation-induced heating on the bond strength of rolled metal multilayers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
Phase transformation in oil-quenched Ni–21.2Al–20Fe alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
Impact of gadolinium on mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility of Zn-1Mg-xGd alloys for biodegradable bone-implant applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2022.02.015
Abstract: Zinc (Zn) and its alloys are currently regarded as one of the promising families of biodegradable metals for implant applications owing to their suitable biodegradability and biofunctionality. However, the inadequate mechanical properties of as-cast (AC) pure Zn restricted the practical clinical bone-implant applications due to its coarse grain size and hexagon close-packed crystal structure. Here, the impact of gadolinium (Gd) on the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, hemolysis percentage, anticoagulant activity, and cytotoxicity of AC and hot-rolled (HR) Zn-1Mg-xGd (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) (wt.%) alloys were investigated for biodegradable bone-implant applications. Tensile testing showed that the HR Zn-1Mg-0.3Gd alloy exhibited the highest tensile strength of 288.1 MPa, tensile yield strength of 250.9 MPa, and elongation of 13.2%. Electrochemical corrosion and immersion tests revealed that the corrosion rates of both AC and HR specimens increased with increasing Gd content in Hanks' solution, and the HR Zn-1Mg-xGd specimens exhibited higher corrosion rates compared to their AC counterparts. The HR Zn-1Mg-xGd specimens showed an increasing hemolysis percentages and decreasing activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) values with increasing Gd addition. The alloy extracts of HR s les at ≤ 25% concentration exhibited no cytotoxicity toward MG-63 cells, and the HR Zn-1Mg-0.3Gd alloy displayed the highest cell viability among all three alloy extracts at 12.5% concentration. Overall, the HR Zn-1Mg-0.3Gd can be considered a promising biodegradable implant material for bone-implant materials owing to its high mechanical strength and ductility, suitable degradation rate, and satisfying biocompatibility. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this work, Zn-1Mg-xGd (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 wt.%) alloys were developed by alloying with gadolinium (Gd) and hot-rolling, and their mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, hemolysis percentage, anticoagulant activity, and cytotoxicity were investigated for biodegradable implant application. Our findings demonstrated that the hot-rolled Zn-1Mg-0.3Gd alloy exhibit the highest ultimate tensile strength of 288.1 MPa, yield strength of 250.9 MPa, and elongation of 13.2%. Hot-rolled Zn-1Mg-xGd alloys show slowly increasing hemolysis percentages and decreasing activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) values with increasing Gd addition. Extracts of hot-rolled Zn-1Mg-xGd alloys at a concentration of ≤ 25% show no cytotoxicity towards MG-63 cells, and Zn-1Mg-0.3Gd exhibit good cytocompatibility among all three alloys at a concentration of 12.5%.
Energy Absorption and Crushing Behaviour of Foam-Filled Aluminium Tubes
Publisher: Japan Institute of Metals
Date: 2005
Fabrication of Ti–Nb–Ag alloy via powder metallurgy for biomedical applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Nutrient alloying elements in biodegradable metals: a review
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D1TB01962G
Abstract: As a new generation of biomedical metallic materials, biodegradable metals have become a hot research topic in recent years because they can completely degrade in the human body, thus preventing secondary surgery, and reducing the pain and economic burden for patients.
Corrosion behavior and mechanical property of Mg-4Li-1Ca alloys under micro-compressive stress
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2024
Influence of calcium ion deposition on apatite-inducing ability of porous titanium for biomedical applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2009.01.015
Abstract: In the present study, the influence of calcium ion deposition on the apatite-inducing ability of porous titanium (Ti) was investigated in a modified simulated body fluid (m-SBF). Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)(2)) solutions with five degrees of saturation were used to hydrothermally deposit Ca ions on porous Ti with a porosity of 80%. Apatite-inducing ability of the Ca-ion-deposited porous Ti was evaluated by soaking them in m-SBF for up to 14 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) confirmed that a thin layer of calcium titanate (CaTiO(3))/calcium oxide (CaO) mixture with a nanostructured porous network was produced on porous Ti substrates after hydrothermal treatment at 200 degrees C for 8 h. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results demonstrated that the content of the Ca ions deposited on Ti and the thickness of the CaTiO(3)/CaO layer increased with increasing saturation degree of the Ca(OH)(2) solution. The thickest (over 10 nm) CaTiO(3)/CaO layer with the highest Ca content was achieved on the Ti treated in an oversaturated Ca(OH)(2) solution (0.2 M). SEM, XRD, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that the porous Ti s les deposited with the highest content of Ca ions exhibited the best apatite-inducing ability, producing a dense and complete carbonated apatite coating after a 14 day soaking in m-SBF. The present study illustrated the validity of using Ca ion deposition as a pre-treatment to endow desirable apatite-inducing ability of porous Ti for bone tissue engineering applications.
Strontium content and collagen‐I coating of Magnesium–Zirconia–Strontium implants influence osteogenesis and bone resorption
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-10-2014
DOI: 10.1111/CLR.12511
Abstract: Our objective was to study the role of Collagen type-I (Col-I) coating on Magnesium-Zirconia (Mg-Zr) alloys, containing different quantities of Strontium (Sr), in enhancing the in vitro bioactivity and in vivo bone-forming and mineralisation properties of the implants. MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell line was used to analyse the in vitro properties of Col-I coated and uncoated alloys. Cell viability analysis was performed by MTT assay cell attachment on alloy surfaces was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gene profiling of bone-specific markers in cells plated on uncoated alloys was performed by Quantitative RT-PCR. In vivo studies were performed by implanting 2-mm-sized cylindrical pins of uncoated and coated alloys in male New Zealand white rabbits (n = 33). Bone formation and mineralisation was studied by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and histological analysis at one and three months post-implantation. Our results clearly showed that Sr content and Col-I coating of Mg-Zr-Sr alloys significantly improved their bone inducing activity in vitro and in vivo. Osteoblasts on coated alloys showed better viability and surface binding than those on uncoated alloys. Sr inclusion in the alloys enhanced their bone-specific gene expression. The in vivo activity of implants with higher Sr and Col-I coating was superior to uncoated and other coated alloys as they showed faster bone induction and higher mineral content in the newly formed bone. Our results indicate that bone-forming and mineralising activity of Mg-Zr-Sr implants can be significantly improved by controlling their Sr content and coating their surface with Col-I.
Simultaneously enhanced strength and ductility of titanium via multimodal grain structure
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2010
Graphene nanoplatelets-reinforced magnesium metal matrix nanocomposites with superior mechanical and corrosion performance for biomedical applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Effect of Anodized TiO2–Nb2O5–ZrO2 Nanotubes with Different Nanoscale Dimensions on the Biocompatibility of a Ti35Zr28Nb Alloy
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-01-2020
Abstract: Some important factors in the design of biomaterials are surface characteristics such as surface chemistry and topography, which significantly influence the relationship between the biomaterial and host cells. Therefore, nanotubular oxide layers have received substantial attention for biomedical applications due to their potential benefits in the improvement of the biocompatibility of the substrate. In this study, a nanotubular layer of titania-niobium pentoxide-zirconia (TiO
Optimized Fabrication and Characterization of TiO2–Nb2O5–ZrO2 Nanotubes on β-Phase TiZr35Nb28 Alloy for Biomedical Applications via th
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-05-2019
Biocompatibility of TiO2 nanotubes with different topographies
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.1002/JBM.A.34738
Abstract: The biological response of osteoblast cells to implant materials depends on the topography and physico-chemistry of the implant surface and this determines the cell behavior such as shaping, adhesion and proliferation, and finally the cell fate. In this study, titanium (Ti) was anodized to create different topographies of titania nanotubes (TNTs) to investigate the cell behavior to them. TNTs with and without a highly ordered nanoporous layer on their top surface were fabricated using two-step and one-step anodizing processes, respectively. The TNTs without a highly ordered nanoporous layer on the top surface exhibited a rougher surface, higher surface energy and better hydrophilicity than the TNTs with such a layer. Osteoblast-like cells (SaOS2) were used to assess the biocompatibility of the TNTs with different topographies in comparison to bare cp-Ti. Results indicated that TNTs can enhance the proliferation and adhesion of osteoblast-like cells. TNTs without a highly ordered nanoporous layer exhibited better biocompatibility than the TNTs covered by such a nanoporous layer. Cell morphology observation using confocal microscopy and SEM indicated that SaOS2 cells that were adhered to the TNTs without the highly ordered nanoporous layer showed the longest filopodia compared to TNTs with a highly ordered nanoporous layer and bare cp-Ti.
Manufacturing of graded titanium scaffolds using a novel space holder technique
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Degradation behavior, cytotoxicity, hemolysis, and antibacterial properties of electro-deposited Zn–Cu metal foams as potential biodegradable bone implants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2019.11.031
Abstract: Zinc (Zn) alloys have attracted much attention for biomedical applications due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and biological functionalities. Zn alloy foams have high potential to be used as regenerative medical implants by virtue of their porous structure, which allows new bone tissue ingrowth, their low elastic modulus approximating that of natural bone, and their biodegradation, which eliminates the need for follow-up surgery to remove the implants after bone tissue healing. In this context, a biodegradable Zn-Cu foam was fabricated by electrochemical deposition on a foamed Cu template and given a subsequent diffusion heat treatment. The microstructure, mechanical properties, degradation behavior, toxicity, hemolysis percentages, and antibacterial effects of the Zn-Cu foams were assessed for biomedical applications. The Zn-Cu foams exhibited a yield strength of ~12.1 MPa, a plateau strength of 16.8 MPa, and a strain over 50% under compression tests. The corrosion rate of the Zn-Cu foams measured by electrochemical polarization testing was 0.18 mm/y. The Zn-Cu foams showed good blood compatibility with a hemolysis percentage of less than 5%. Cytotoxicity assessment indicated that a 100% concentration of the Zn-Cu foam extract showed clear cytotoxicity against MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells, but a 12.5% concentration of the extract showed > 90% cell viability. Moreover, the Zn-Cu foams showed good antibacterial effects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work reportsa biodegradable Zn-Cu foam with high mechanical strength and ductility, suitable degradation rate, good antibacterial capacity, and good hemolysis property and biocompatibility. The Zn-Cu foam exhibited a yield strength of ~12.1 MPa, a plateau strength of 16.8 MPa, and a strain over 50% under compression tests. The corrosion rate of the Zn-Cu foam measured by electrochemical polarization testing was 0.18 mm/y in Hanks' Solutions. The Zn-Cu foam showed good blood compatibility with a hemolysis percentage of less than 5%. Cytotoxicity assessment indicated that a 12.5% concentration of the foam extract showed > 90% cell viability. Moreover, the Zn-Cu foam showed good antibacterial effects against S. aureus.
Biodegradable Mg–Zr–Ca alloys for bone implant materials
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2012
Mg-based metallic glass/titanium interpenetrating phase composite with high mechanical performance
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 26-10-2009
DOI: 10.1063/1.3257699
Abstract: We report an Mg-based metallic glass/titanium interpenetrating phase composite in which constituent phases form a homogeneously interconnected network. The porous titanium constrains shear bands propagation thoroughly and promotes shear bands branching and intersection subsequently. The homogeneous phase distribution promotes regularly distributed local shear deformation and leads to a uniform deformation for the composites. Moreover, the interpenetrating phase structure introduces a mutual-reinforcement between metallic glass and titanium. Therefore, the composite exhibits excellent mechanical performance with compressive fracture strength of 1783 MPa and fracture strain of 31%.
Compressive Properties of Hot-Rolled Mg-Zr-Ca Alloys for Biomedical Applications
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 02-2011
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.197-198.56
Abstract: This paper investigated the microstructures and compressive properties of hot-rolled Mg-Zr-Ca alloys for biomedical applications. The microstructures of the Mg-Zr-Ca alloys were examined by X-ray diffraction analysis and optical microscopy, and the compressive properties were determined from compressive tests. The experimental results indicate that the hot-rolled Mg-Zr-Ca alloys with 1% Ca are composed of one single a phase and those alloys with 2% Ca consist of both Mg 2 Ca and a phase. The hot-rolled Mg-Zr-Ca alloys exhibit typical elongated microstructures with obvious fibrous stripe, and have much higher compressive strength and lower compressive modulus than pure Mg. All the studied alloys have much higher compressive yield strength than the human bone (90~140 MPa) and comparable modulus with the human bone, suggesting that they have a great potential to be good candidates for biomedical applications.
Fabrication of TiAl by blended elemental powder semisolid forming
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2001
Novel Ti-Ta-Hf-Zr alloys with promising mechanical properties for prospective stent applications
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-11-2016
DOI: 10.1038/SREP37901
Abstract: Titanium alloys are receiving increasing research interest for the development of metallic stent materials due to their excellent biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, non-magnetism and radiopacity. In this study, a new series of Ti-Ta-Hf-Zr (TTHZ) alloys including Ti-37Ta-26Hf-13Zr, Ti-40Ta-22Hf-11.7Zr and Ti-45Ta-18.4Hf-10Zr (wt.%) were designed using the d-electron theory combined with electron to atom ratio (e/a) and molybdenum equivalence (Mo eq ) approaches. The microstructure of the TTHZ alloys were investigated using optical microscopy, XRD, SEM and TEM and the mechanical properties were tested using a Vickers micro-indenter, compression and tensile testing machines. The cytocompatibility of the alloys was assessed using osteoblast-like cells in vitro . The as-cast TTHZ alloys consisted of primarily β and ω nanoparticles and their tensile strength, yield strength, Young’s modulus and elastic admissible strain were measured as being between 1000.7–1172.8 MPa, 1000.7–1132.2 MPa, 71.7–79.1 GPa and 1.32–1.58%, respectively. The compressive yield strength of the as-cast alloys ranged from 1137.0 to 1158.0 MPa. The TTHZ alloys exhibited excellent cytocompatibility as indicated by their high cell viability ratios, which were close to that of CP-Ti. The TTHZ alloys can be anticipated to be promising metallic stent materials by virtue of the unique combination of extraordinarily high elastic admissible strain, high mechanical strength and excellent biocompatibility.
In silico and in vivo studies of the effect of surface curvature on the osteoconduction of porous scaffolds
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-11-2021
DOI: 10.1002/BIT.27976
Abstract: Recent evidence shows that the curvature of porous scaffold plays a significant role in guiding tissue regeneration. However, the underlying mechanism remains controversial to date. In this study, we developed an in silico model to simulate the effect of surface curvature on the osteoconduction of scaffold implants, which comprises the primary aspects of bone regeneration. Selective laser melting was used to manufacture a titanium scaffold with channels representative of different strut curvatures for in vivo assessment. The titanium scaffold was implanted in the femur condyles of rabbits to validate the mathematical model. Simulation results suggest that the curvature affected the distribution of growth factors and subsequently induced the migration of osteoblast lineage cells and bone deposition to the locations with higher curvature. The predictions of the mathematical model are in good agreement with the in vivo assessment results, in which newly formed bone first appeared adjacent to the vertices of the major axes in elliptical channels. The mechanism of curvature‐guided osteoconduction may provide a guide for the design optimization of scaffold implants to achieve enhanced bone ingrowth.
Simultaneously enhanced strength and ductility of Cu–xGe alloys through manipulating the stacking fault energy (SFE)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
The impact of Co/La ratios on microstructure and magnetic properties of the Sr0.75−Ca0.25La Fe12−Co O19 hexaferrites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Crushing Simulation of Foam-Filled Aluminium Tubes
Publisher: Japan Institute of Metals
Date: 2007
Effect of Pore Size on Mechanical Properties of Titanium Foams
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.654-656.827
Abstract: In the study, both experimental work and numerical modeling are performed to investigate the pore size effects on the mechanical properties and deformation behaviours of titanium foams. Cylindrical titanium foam s les with different pore sizes are fabricated through powder metallurgy. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to determine the pore size, pore distribution and the ratios of the length to width of pores. Compressive tests are carried out to determine the mechanical properties of the titanium foams with different pore sizes. Finally, finite element modeling is attempted to simulate the deformation behaviour and the mechanical properties of the titanium foams. Results indicate that titanium foams with different pore sizes have different geometrical characteristics, which lead to different deformation behaviours of cell walls during compression, resulting in different mechanical properties of titanium foams.
Aggravated stress fluctuation and mechanical size effects of nanoscale lamellar bone pillars
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-09-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41427-021-00328-6
Abstract: The size effects of mechanical properties influence the microdeformation behaviors and failure mechanisms of hierarchical lamellar bones. Investigations of the continuous deformation behaviors and structure–behavior–property relationships of nanoscale lamellar bones provide essential data for reducing the risk of fracture. Here, five pillars with diameters ranging from 640 to 4971 nm inside a single lamella were fabricated. In situ pillar compressive tests inside a scanning electron microscope directly revealed the diameter-dependent enhanced strength, ductility, and stress fluctuation litude. Real-time observations also revealed the segmented deformation and morphological anisotropy of pillars with smaller diameters and the slight elastic recovery of pillars with larger diameters. The critical diameter leading to the brittle-to-ductile transition was confirmed. The “analogous to serrated flow” stress fluctuation behaviors at the nanoscale exhibited a significant size effect, with coincident fluctuation cycles independent of diameter, and each cycle of the fluctuation manifested as a slow stress increase and a rapid stress release. The discontinuous fracture of collagen fibrils, embedded enhancement of hydroxyapatite crystals, and layered dislocation movement on the basis of strain gradient plasticity theory were expected to induce cyclical stress fluctuations with different litudes.
Superplasticity and Cavitation of Recycled AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Fabricated by Solid Recycling Process
Publisher: Japan Institute of Metals
Date: 2002
Development of Ti–26Nb–1.2TiC shape memory composite for biomedical applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Effect of ultrasonic stirring on the microstructure and mechanical properties of in situ Mg2Si/Al composite
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
Morphology and phase structure of nanosized Co powders prepared by one-step reduction combined with high-energy ball milling
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Novel titanium foam for bone tissue engineering
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2002
Abstract: Titanium foams fabricated by a new powder metallurgical process have bimodal pore distribution architecture (i.e., macropores and micropores), mimicking natural bone. The mechanical properties of the titanium foam with low relative densities of approximately 0.20–0.30 are close to those of human cancellous bone. Also, mechanical properties of the titanium foams with high relative densities of approximately 0.50–0.65 are close to those of human cortical bone. Furthermore, titanium foams exhibit good ability to form a bonelike apatite layer throughout the foams after pretreatment with a simple thermochemical process and then immersion in a simulated body fluid. The present study illustrates the feasibility of using the titanium foams as implant materials in bone tissue engineering applications, highlighting their excellent biomechanical properties and bioactivity.
Impact of the rare earth elements scandium and yttrium on beta-type Ti-24Nb-38Zr-2Mo-base alloys for orthopedic applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
An in situ Zn–5Mg2Ge composite processed by ultrasonication for biodegradable orthopedic implant applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Advances in Mg–Al-layered double hydroxide steam coatings on Mg alloys: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Effects of Heat Treatment on the Compressive Properties of AZ91 Mg Foam
Publisher: Japan Institute of Metals
Date: 2000
Theoretical study on behaviour of superplastic forming/diffusion bonding of bulk metallic glasses
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2010
Improvement on electrochemical performances of nanoporous titania as anode of lithium-ion batteries through annealing of pure titanium foils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Effects of zirconium and strontium on the biocorrosion of Mg–Zr–Sr alloys for biodegradable implant applications
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5TB00433K
Abstract: The successful applications of magnesium (Mg) alloys as biodegradable orthopedic implants are mainly restricted due to their rapid degradation rate in the physiological environment, leading to a loss of mechanical integrity.
Development of Ti–Nb–Zr alloys with high elastic admissible strain for temporary orthopedic devices
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2015.03.023
Abstract: A new series of beta Ti-Nb-Zr (TNZ) alloys with considerable plastic deformation ability during compression test, high elastic admissible strain, and excellent cytocompatibility have been developed for removable bone tissue implant applications. TNZ alloys with nominal compositions of Ti-34Nb-25Zr, Ti-30Nb-32Zr, Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr and Ti-24.8Nb-40.7Zr (wt.% hereafter) were fabricated using the cold-crucible levitation technique, and the effects of alloying element content on their microstructures, mechanical properties (tensile strength, yield strength, compressive yield strength, Young's modulus, elastic energy, toughness, and micro-hardness), and cytocompatibilities were investigated and compared. Microstructural examinations revealed that the TNZ alloys consisted of β phase. The alloy s les displayed excellent ductility with no cracking, or fracturing during compression tests. Their tensile strength, Young's modulus, elongation at rupture, and elastic admissible strain were measured in the ranges of 704-839 MPa, 62-65 GPa, 9.9-14.8% and 1.08-1.31%, respectively. The tensile strength, Young's modulus and elongation at rupture of the Ti-34Nb-25Zr alloy were measured as 839 ± 31.8 MPa, 62 ± 3.6 GPa, and 14.8 ± 1.6%, respectively this alloy exhibited the elastic admissible strain of approximately 1.31%. Cytocompatibility tests indicated that the cell viability ratios (CVR) of the alloys are greater than those of the control group thus the TNZ alloys possess excellent cytocompatibility.
Dual-Phase SiC + C Coated Microsize Si@SiOx Powder as Anode Material for Li-Ion Batteries
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-09-2023
Effects of the Density on Compressive Properties in Cellular Aluminum Produced by the Sintering Method
Publisher: Japan Institute of Metals
Date: 2004
Tribological Behaviour of Pure Ti with a Nanocrystalline Surface Layer Under Different Loads
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-09-2217
Mechanical and corrosion properties of extruded Mg–Zr–Sr alloys for biodegradable implant applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
New microstructure-property approach: Quenching/tempering treatment in gamma TiAl alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1212
Microstructures and mechanical properties of as cast Mg–Zr–Ca alloys for biomedical applications
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2012
Mechanical Property and Microstructure of Ti-Ta-Ag Alloy for Biomedical Applications
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/KEM.520.254
Abstract: Ti and some of its alloys (e.g. Ti–6Al–4V alloy) have become the metals of choice for the endosseous parts of presently available dental implants. In the present study, Ti-Ta-Ag alloys with a different Ag content were prepared using vacuum sintering (VS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ti-Ta-Ag alloys were investigated. The results show that dense Ti-Ta-Ag alloys prepared using the SPS process exhibit high hardness and a suitable elastic modulus for implant materials for load-bearing applications. The effect of preparation methods on the microstructure of Ti-Ta-Ag alloys is discussed.
Improvement of the biomedical properties of titanium using SMAT and thermal oxidation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.COLSURFB.2013.10.039
Abstract: Titanium and its alloys are excellent candidates for biomedical implant. However, they exhibit relatively poor tribological properties. In this study, a two-step treatment including surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) combined with thermal oxidation process has been developed to improve the tribological properties and biocompatibility of Ti. Ti after two-step treatment shows excellent wear-resistance and biocompatibility among all Ti s les, which can be ascribed to the highest surface energy, well crystallinity of rutile layer on its surface. Overall, the two-step treatment is a prospective method to produce excellent biomedical Ti materials.
Cytotoxicity of Titanium and Titanium Alloying Elements
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 23-03-2010
Abstract: It is commonly accepted that titanium and the titanium alloying elements of tantalum, niobium, zirconium, molybdenum, tin, and silicon are biocompatible. However, our research in the development of new titanium alloys for biomedical applications indicated that some titanium alloys containing molybdenum, niobium, and silicon produced by powder metallurgy show a certain degree of cytotoxicity. We hypothesized that the cytotoxicity is linked to the ion release from the metals. To prove this hypothesis, we assessed the cytotoxicity of titanium and titanium alloying elements in both forms of powder and bulk, using osteoblast-like SaOS 2 cells. Results indicated that the metal powders of titanium, niobium, molybdenum, and silicon are cytotoxic, and the bulk metals of silicon and molybdenum also showed cytotoxicity. Meanwhile, we established that the safe ion concentrations (below which the ion concentration is non-toxic) are 8.5, 15.5, 172.0, and 37,000.0 µg/L for molybdenum, titanium, niobium, and silicon, respectively.
The defect structures and mechanical properties of Cu and Cu–Al alloys processed by split Hopkinson pressure bar
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
In vitro and in vivo assessment of the effect of biodegradable magnesium alloys on osteogenesis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2021.12.032
Abstract: Magnesium (Mg) and some of its alloys are considered promising biodegradable metallic biomaterials for bone implant applications. The osteogenesis effect of Mg alloys is widely reported however, the underlying mechanisms are still not clear. In this study, pure Mg, Mg-3Zn, and Mg-2Zn-1Mn were prepared, and their degradation behavior, biocompatibility, and osteogenesis effect were systematically assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Primary rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were used to evaluate the biocompatibility of the prepared Mg alloys, and a rat femur fracture model was used to assess the stimulating effect of these alloys on bone-tissue formation. Mg-2Zn-1Mn showed higher corrosion resistance and more stable degradation behavior than pure Mg and Mg-3Zn. Extracts of the three materials showed significant stimulating effects on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs along with non-cytotoxicity. Implantation of Mg-2Zn-1Mn wires into the femur of rats demonstrated superior histocompatibility, stable degradation, and notable promotion of osteogenesis without systemic toxicity. Moreover, the results of both in vitro and in vivo assessments demonstrated that bone morphogenetic proteins and fibroblast growth factor receptors are involved in the stimulating effect of Mg alloys. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work reports the degradation behavior, biocompatibility, and osteogenic effect of pure Mg and Mg-3Zn and Mg-2Zn-1Mn alloys in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Mg-2Zn-1Mn showed higher corrosion resistance and more stable degradation behavior than pure Mg and Mg-3Zn. The extracts of the three materials showed a significant stimulating effect on osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) along with non-cytotoxicity. Mg-2Zn-1Mn wires implanted into the femur of rats showed good histocompatibility, stable degradation, and notable promotion of osteogenesis without systemic toxicity. The results of the present study suggest that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are involved in the stimulating effect of Mg alloys on osteogenesis.
Nanostructured Silicon Anodes for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-12-2015
Influence of Heat Treatments on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti–26Nb Alloy Elaborated In Situ by Laser Additive Manufacturing with Ti and Nb Mixed Powder
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-12-2018
DOI: 10.3390/MA12010061
Abstract: In the present work, a Ti–26Nb alloy was elaborated in situ by laser additive manufacturing (LAM) with Ti and Nb mixed powders. The alloys were annealed at temperatures ranging from 650 °C to 925 °C, and the effects of the annealing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. It has been found that the microstructure of the as-deposited alloy obtained in the present conditions is characterized by columnar prior β grains with a relatively strong fiber texture in the build direction. The as-deposited alloy exhibits extremely high strength, and its ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are about 799 MPa and 768 MPa, respectively. The annealing temperature has significant effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys. Annealing treatment can promote the dissolution of unmelted Nb particles and eliminate the micro-segregation of Nb at the elliptical-shaped grain boundaries, while increasing the grain size of the alloy. With an increase in annealing temperature, the strength of the alloy decreases but the ductility increases. The alloy annealed at 850 °C exhibits a balance of strength and ductility.
Fabrication and characterization of TiO2 -ZrO2 - ZrTiO4 nanotubes on TiZr alloy manufactured via anodization
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C3TB21204A
Osteoblast cell response to nanoscale SiO2/ZrO2 particulate-reinforced titanium composites and scaffolds by powder metallurgy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-02-2012
Microstructure, mechanical properties, degradation behavior, and biocompatibility of porous Fe-Mn alloys fabricated by sponge impregnation and sintering techniques
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Processing of biocompatible porous Ti and Mg
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2001
A biodegradable in situ Zn–Mg2Ge composite for bone-implant applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2022.05.017
Abstract: Zinc (Zn)-based composites have received extensive attention as promising biodegradable materials due to their unique combination of moderate biodegradability, biocompatibility, and functionality. Nevertheless, the low mechanical strength of as-cast Zn-based composites impedes their practical clinical application. Here we reported the mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, wear properties, and cytotoxicity of in situ synthesized biodegradable Zn-xMg
Influences of recovery and recrystallization on the superelastic behavior of a β titanium alloy made by suction casting
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4TB00474D
Effects of selected metallic and interstitial elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of beta titanium alloys for orthopedic applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Titanium-niobium pentoxide composites for biomedical applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Investigation on Composition, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Resistance of Mg-0.5Ca-X(Sr, Zr, Sn) Biological Alloy
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1155/2018/6519310
Abstract: Four nontoxic biological alloys, Mg-0.5Ca-1Sr-4Zr (Alloy 1), Mg-0.5Ca-1Sr-1.5Zr (Alloy 2), Mg-0.5Ca-3Sr-1.5Zr (Alloy 3), and Mg-0.5Ca-1Sr-0.5Sn (Alloy 4), were prepared by vacuum smelting, gravity casting, and hot rolling. The composition and microstructure of the alloys were investigated by optical microscope, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). The mechanical properties and corrosion behaviors of the alloys in Hank’s solution were studied. Results showed that a large amount of fine and uniformly distributed second-phase particles (Zr, Mg 17 Sr 2 , and CaMgSn) was observed in four alloys obtained after rolling and alloying. The segregation of Zr in alloys was observed in EDS image, and chemical analysis showed that there was macrosegregation of the elements in the alloys. Furthermore, Mg 17 Sr 2 phases in the Mg-0.5Ca-1Sr-0.5Sn alloy homogenized the distribution of CaMgZn phases. The comprehensive mechanical properties of four newly designed rolled alloys were much higher than those of pure Mg, and the compressive strength of the alloys was more than twice as high as that of pure magnesium. The Mg-0.5Ca-1Sr-0.5Sn alloy released the least hydrogen in Hank’s solution, which was lower than that of pure magnesium. Electrochemical test results in Hank’s solution further showed that the Mg-0.5Ca-1Sr-0.5Sn alloy had delayed corrosion and lowest I c o r r which was 25% of that of pure magnesium. Biological experiments results showed that the Mg-0.5Ca-1Sr-0.5Sn alloy had better biocompatibility and optimal potential for bone substitute material.
Nanoscale SiO<sub>2</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub> Particulate-Reinforced Titanium Composites for Bone Implant Materials
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/KEM.520.242
Abstract: The mechanical property of porous pure titanium (Ti) scaffold with high porosity might become poorer than that of natural bone. In this study, new Ti-based biocompatible composites were developed to simultaneously meet the requirements of low elastic modulus and appropriate strength for implant materials when they are scaffolded into a porous structure. The nanoscale particulate-reinforced Ti-based composites with different concentrations of oxide particles such as SiO 2 and ZrO 2 were prepared using a powder metallurgical method. The strengths of the new nanoscale particulate-reinforced titanium composites were found to be significantly higher than that of pure Ti. Cell culture results revealed that the nanoscale particulate-reinforced titanium composites showed excellent biocompatibility and cell adhesion. Human SaOS 2 osteoblast-like cells grew and spread well on the surfaces of the new titanium composites. The nanoscale SiO 2 and ZrO 2 particulate-reinforced titanium composites are promising materials that have great potential for use as an orthopedic implant material.
The bioactivity and bone cell attachment of nanotubular layers anodized in aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
Mechanical and corrosion properties of a medium carbon-steel (S45C) recycled by solid recycling process
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
Deformation mechanism and mechanical properties of a thermomechanically processed β Ti–28Nb–35.4Zr alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMBBM.2017.11.025
Abstract: The effects of thermomechanical treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a newly developed β titanium alloy, i.e., Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr (wt%, hereafter denoted Ti-Nb-Zr) were investigated. The as-cast Ti-Nb-Zr alloy was subjected to solution treatment at 890°C for 1h, after which its thickness was reduced by 20%, 56%, 76%, and 86% via cold rolling. Results indicated that annealing at 890°C for 1h after cold rolling at a thickness reduction ratio of 86% resulted in a phase transformation from the stress-induced α" and ω into β, leading to a recrystallization of a uniform single β phase. The recrystallized Ti-Nb-Zr alloy exhibited a tensile strength of 633MPa, Young's modulus of 63GPa, and elongation at rupture of 13%, respectively. The cold rolled specimens showed a higher Young's modulus than that of the recrystallized specimen due to the stress-induced ω phase. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that ω, α" and β phases co-existed in the microstructure of the cold-rolled specimens. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis revealed that the deformation mechanisms during thermomechanical processing included kink bands, {332} twins and shear bands and the predominant deformation mechanism depended on the extent of CR deformation.
Effects of the addition of lanthanum and ultrasonic stirring on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the in situ Mg2Si/Al composites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Preparation of Titanium/Strontia Composite by Powder Metallurgy for Biomedical Application
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/KEM.520.248
Abstract: In this study, a Titanium (Ti) / Strontia (SrO) composite was prepared using powder metallurgy, with the aim of obtaining advanced Ti-based composites for use as bone implant materials. Ti/SrO composites with 3 wt% SrO were fabricated using spark plasma sintering (SPS) and vacuum sintering (VS) processes. The particle morphology of ball-milled powders and the microstructure of the Ti/SrO composites were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-spectroscope (EDX). The mechanical properties of the Ti/SrO composite were investigated using nanoindentation and hardness tests. The results showed that the Vickers hardness and nanohardness of the Ti/SrO composites fabricated by both processes were significantly higher than those of pure Ti. The Vickers hardness and nanohardness of Ti/SrO composites fabricated by the SPS process were higher than those prepared using the vacuum sintering process. The elastic modulus of Ti/SrO composites fabricated by the SPS process was higher than those s les fabricated by the vacuum sintering process which was similar to that of pure Ti.
Identifying and understanding the effect of milling energy on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes reinforced titanium metal matrix composites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Sol–gel derived hydroxyapatite/titania biocoatings on titanium substrate
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2006
Microstructure and superelasticity of a biomedical β-type titanium alloy under various processing routes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Nanohydroxyapatite coating on a titanium–niobium alloy by a hydrothermal process
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2009.10.016
Abstract: A novel one-step hydrothermal coating process was used to produce nanohydroxyapatite (nano-HA) coating on a titanium-niobium (TiNb) alloy substrate in a newly designed solution containing calcium and phosphate ions. The morphology of the coating was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The phase identification of the coating was carried out using X-ray diffraction, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The reaction between the surface of TiNb alloy and the solution during the hydrothermal process was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results show that the coating formed on the surface of TiNb alloy was composed of nano-HA particles. During the hydrothermal process, TiO(2) and Nb(2)O(5) formed on the TiNb alloy surface and hydrated to Ti(OH)(4) and Nb(OH)(5), respectively. Calcium phosphate nucleated and grew into a layer of nano-HA particles on the surface of TiNb alloy under the hydrothermal conditions. The crystallinity of the nano-HA coating was improved with the increase in hydrothermal treatment temperature and time duration. Nano-HA coating with good crystallinity was produced on the TiNb alloy via the hydrothermal process at a temperature of 200 degrees C for 12 h.
Nucleation and Growth during Reactions in Accumulative Roll Bonding of Ti/Al Multilayers
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.618-619.429
Abstract: A two-stage process in the formation of TiAl3 was found in the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) Ti/Al multilayers. The distribution of layer spacing did not become broad enough to lose the main features of the double exothermal behaviour. A modified model based on thin films was set up to describe the kinetic characteristics of the formation of TiAl3 in ARB s les
Cell response and bioactivity of titania-zirconia-zirconium titanate nanotubes with different nanoscale topographies fabricated in a non-aqueous electrolyte
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5BM00007F
Abstract: Cell adhesion on the TiO 2 –ZrO 2 –ZrTiO 4 nanotubes fabricated via anodization using a non-aqueous electrolyte was significantly influenced by the nanoscale topographical parameters.
A study of the capacity fade of porous NiO/Ni foam as negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-09-2015
Effect of stacking fault energy and strain rate on the mechanical properties of Cu and Cu alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
The kinetics of two-stage formation of TiAl3 in multilayered Ti/Al foils prepared by accumulative roll bonding
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
The influence of Ca and Cu additions on the microstructure, mechanical and degradation properties of Zn–Ca–Cu alloys for absorbable wound closure device applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Degradation of the strength of porous titanium after alkali and heat treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
Development of bio-compatible metallic structures using direct metal deposition process
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 10-2012
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.576.141
Abstract: This paper investigates the capabilities of Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) process, which is a novel additive manufacturing technique, for creating structures that can be used as bone implants. Emphasis is on the use of bio-compatible metals, because metals are the most suitable materials in terms of mechanical strength when the requirement arises for supporting and replacing the load bearing bones and joints such as hip and knee. Specimens using two different metal powders, 41C stainless steel and Ti6Al4V titanium alloy, are generated by DMD process on mild steel and titanium plates as substrates respectively. Metallographic s les were made from the cladding, and tested for surface roughness and micro-hardness. The results indicate that at low laser power, hard and strong structures with good porosity can be successfully created using the DMD system.
Titanium-nickel shape memory alloy foams for bone tissue engineering
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMBBM.2007.09.003
Abstract: Titanium-nickel (TiNi) shape memory alloy (SMA) foams with an open-cell porous structure were fabricated by space-holder sintering process and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The mechanical properties and shape memory properties of the TiNi foam s les were investigated using compressive test. Results indicate that the plateau stresses and elastic moduli of the foams under compression decrease with the increase of their porosities. The plateau stresses and elastic moduli are measured to be from 1.9 to 38.3 MPa and from 30 to 860 MPa for the TiNi foam s les with porosities ranged from 71% to 87%, respectively. The mechanical properties of the TiNi alloy foams can be tailored to match those of bone. The TiNi alloy foams exhibit shape memory effect (SME), and it is found that the recoverable strain due to SME decreases with the increase of foam porosity.
Additive manufacturing technology for porous metal implant applications and triple minimal surface structures: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 and ZK60 Magnesium Alloys Processed by Open Die Forging.
Publisher: Society of Materials Science, Japan
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.2472/JSMS.50.1228
Ultrahigh Strength Copper Obtained by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment at Cryogenic Temperature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-11-2015
Investigation of cell shape effect on the mechanical behaviour of open-cell metal foams
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2012
New Ti-Ta-Zr-Nb alloys with ultrahigh strength for potential orthopedic implant applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMBBM.2017.07.011
Abstract: In this study, a new series of Ti-Ta-Zr-Nb alloys (Ti-38.3Ta-22Zr-8.1Nb, Ti-38.9Ta-25Zr-5Nb, Ti-39.5Ta-28Zr-2.5Nb, designated TTZN-1, TTZN-2, TTZN-3, respectively) with high elastic strain and high mechanical strength have been developed as alternatives to conventional orthopedic implant materials. The TTZN alloys have been designed using the electronic parameters of the alloying elements, combined with the approaches of the electron-to-atom ratio (e/a) and molybdenum equivalence (Mo
Biomimetic Coating on Pure Titanium Submitted to Different Surface Treatments
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.618-619.311
Abstract: Titanium (Ti) plates were firstly treated to form various types of oxide layers on the surface and then immersed into simulated body fluid (SBF) to evaluate the apatite forming ability. The surface morphology and roughness of the different oxide layers were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the surface energies were determined based on the Owens-Wendt (OW) methods. It was found that Ti s les after Alkali-Heat treatment (AH) achieved the best apatite formation after soaking in SBF for 3 weeks, compared to those without treatment, thermal or H2O2 oxidation. Furthermore, contact angle measurement revealed that the oxide layer on the alkali-heat treated Ti s les possessed the highest surface energy. The results indicate that the apatite inducing ability of a titanium oxide layer is linked to its surface energy. Apatite nucleation is easier on a surface with a higher surface energy.
Sol-gel derived HA/TiO2 double coatings on Ti scaffolds for orthopaedic applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2006
Reversible wettability transition between superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity through alternate heating-reheating cycle on laser-ablated brass surface
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Compressibility of porous magnesium foam: dependency on porosity and pore size
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2004
Study on the role of stearic acid and ethylene-bis-stearamide on the mechanical alloying of a biomedical titanium based alloy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-04-2010
Impact of rare earth elements on nanohardness and nanowear properties of beta-type Ti-24Nb-38Zr-2Mo alloy for medical applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Mechanical properties, corrosion, and biocompatibility of Mg-Zr-Sr-Dy alloys for biodegradable implant applications.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-11-2018
DOI: 10.1002/JBM.B.34051
Abstract: This study investigates the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility of magnesium (Mg)-based Mg1Zr2SrxDy (x = 0, 1, 1.63, 2.08 wt %) alloys for biodegradable implant applications. The corrosion behavior of the Mg-based alloys has been evaluated in simulated body fluid using an electrochemical technique and hydrogen evolution. The biocompatibility of the Mg-based alloys has been assessed using SaSO2 cells. Results indicate that the addition of Dy to Mg-Zr-Sr alloy showed a positive impact on the corrosion behavior and significantly decreased the degradation rates of the alloys. The degradation rate of Mg1Zr2Sr1.0Dy decreased from 17.61 to 12.50 mm year
Corrosion protection of mesoporous bioactive glass coating on biodegradable magnesium
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Impact of ruthenium on microstructure and corrosion behavior of β-type Ti-Nb-Ru alloys for biomedical applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
Human Body-Fluid-Assisted Fracture of Zinc Alloys as Biodegradable Temporary Implants: Challenges, Research Needs and Way Forward
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-07-2023
DOI: 10.3390/MA16144984
Abstract: Alloys of magnesium, zinc or iron that do not contain toxic elements are attractive as construction material for biodegradable implants, i.e., the type of implants that harmlessly dissolve away within the human body after they have completed their intended task. The synergistic influence of mechanical stress and corrosive human body fluid can cause sudden and catastrophic fracture of bioimplants due to phenomena such as stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and corrosion fatigue (CF). To date, SCC and CF of implants based on Zn have scarcely been investigated. This article is an overview of the challenges, research needs and way forward in understanding human body-fluid-assisted fractures (i.e., SCC and CF) of Zn alloys in human body fluid.
Effect of Structure Relaxation on the Plastic Deformation Behaviour in a Zr-Based BMG under Indenter
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.618-619.437
Abstract: Vickers and nano indentations were performed on a structurally relaxed Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk metallic glass (BMG), and the evolution of the shear bands in the relaxed BMG was investigated and compared to that in the as-cast alloy. Results indicate that the plastic deformation in the BMG with structure relaxation is accommodated by the semicircular (primary) and radial (secondary) as well as tertiary shear bands. Quantitatively, the shear band density in the relaxed alloy was much lower than that in the as-cast alloy. The annihilation of free volume caused by the annealing was responsible for the embrittlement of the s le with structure relaxation.
Effect of ball-milling time on the structural characteristics of biomedical porous Ti-Sn-Nb alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
Corrosion and Mechanical Properties of Recycled 5083 Aluminum Alloy by Solid State Recycling
Publisher: Japan Institute of Metals
Date: 2003
Individual layer thickness-dependent microstructures and mechanical properties of fcc/fcc Ni/Al nanolaminates and their strengthening mechanisms
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Strain rate dependence of tensile strength and ductility of nano and ultrafine grained coppers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
An investigation of the mechanical and microstructural evolution of a TiNbZr alloy with varied ageing time
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-04-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-24155-Y
Abstract: Alloys comprised of the highly biocompatible elements titanium, niobium and zirconium have been a major focus in recent years in the field of metallic biomaterials. To contribute to the corpus of data in this field, the current paper presents results from a thorough microstructural and mechanical investigation of Ti-32Nb-6Zr subjected to a variety of ageing treatments. The presented alloy was stabilized to the higher temperature, body-centred cubic phase, showing only minimal precipitation on prolonged ageing, despite the presence of nanoscaled spinodal segregation arising from the Nb-Zr interaction. It further showed excellent mechanical properties, with tensile yield stresses as high as 820 MPa and Young’s moduli as low as 53 GPa. This leads to the ratio of strength to modulus, also known as the admissible strain, reaching a maximum of 1.3% after 6 hours ageing. These results are further supported by similar measurements from nanoindentation analysis.
Surface Characterization and Biocompatibility of Hydroxyapatite Coating on Anodized TiO2 Nanotubes via PVD Magnetron Sputtering
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 16-04-2021
Microstructures and Various Properties of Hot-Extruded Mg-Zr-Ca Alloys for Biomedical Applications
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMM.232.162
Abstract: The microstructures, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility of hot-extruded Mg-Zr-Ca alloys have been investigated for potential use in orthopedic applications. The microstructures of the alloys are examined by X-ray diffraction analysis and optical microscopy. The mechanical properties of Mg-Zr-Ca alloys are determined from compressive tests, the corrosion behavior is studied using immersion tests, and biocompatibility is evaluated by cell growth factor using osteoblast-like SaOS2 cell. The experimental results indicate that the hot-extruded alloys have much higher compressive strength than the as-cast alloys and the human bone, and can offer good mechanical properties for orthopedic applications. The hot-extrusion significantly enhances corrosion resistance of the alloys. Among the alloys, the hot-extruded Mg-0.5Zr-1Ca and Mg-1Zr-1Ca alloys possess good combination of mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, suggesting that they have a great potential to be good candidates for orthopedic applications.
Bioactive Hydroxyapatite Coating on Titanium-Niobium Alloy through a Sol-Gel Process
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.618-619.325
Abstract: Hydroxyapatite (HA) was coated on the surface of a titanium-niobium (Ti-Nb) alloy by a sol-gel process. Triethyl phosphite and calcium nitrate were used as the phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) precursors respectively to prepare a Ca/P sol solution. The Ti-Nb alloy was dip-coated in the sol and heated at 600°C for 30 minutes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated the major phase constituent of the coating after heat treatment was HA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that a few cracks were distributed on the HA coating. The in-vitro bioactivity of the HA coated Ti-Nb alloy was assessed using a cell culture of SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells. The density of cell attachment was determined by MTT assay the cell morphology was observed by SEM. Results indicated that the density of cell attachment on the surface of the Ti-Nb alloy was significantly increased by HA coating. Cell morphology observation showed that cells attached, spread and grew well on the HA coated surface. It can be concluded that the HA coating improved the in-vitro bioactivity of Ti-Nb alloy effectively.
Microstructure, mechanical properties, friction and wear performance, and cytotoxicity of additively manufactured zirconia-toughened alumina for dental applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Effects of Deformation-Induced Heating on Bond Strength of Rolled Metal Multilayer
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.654-656.2579
Abstract: The bond strength of various metal multilayers produced by cold rolling of metal foils with different thermal conductivity was investigated. Results indicated that under the same conditions of deformation and surface preparation, the metallic multilayer system with low thermal conductivity exhibited relative high bond strength while high thermal conductivity metal system may fail to be roll-bonded together. The relationship between the deformation-induced localized heating and the bond strength were discussed. The deformation-induced localized heating in the low thermal conductivity metal multilayer systems may provide opportunities for achieving a successful accumulative roll bonding or a “cold roll/heat treatment/cold roll” process to synthesize metallic multilayer materials.
Development of Surface Nano-Crystallization in Alloys by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT)
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-02-2015
Extrusion properties of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2009
Microstructures and bond strengths of the calcium phosphate coatings formed on titanium from different simulated body fluids
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2009
Prospects and strategies for magnesium alloys as biodegradable implants from crystalline to bulk metallic glasses and composites—A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2019.12.023
Abstract: As a biodegradable metal (BM), alloys of magnesium (Mg) offer great potential as an alternative to the permanent metallic implants currently being used for fracture repairs and tissue-healing processes. These alloys exhibit superior biocompatibility and appropriate mechanical strength and dissolution behavior in the physiological environment, essential prerequisites for a BM. However, rapid and generally non-uniform corrosion has been the major drawback of Mg alloys. Abrupt deterioration in mechanical strength is experienced due to the inhomogeneous corrosion, which is also considered detrimental to the surface passivation process. This review has analyzed a variety of strategies that can be adopted to address the core challenges with Mg alloy biomaterials. In addition, the review provides fundamental understanding of the mechanisms associated with these challenging problems, including discussion of crystalline and bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) and composites. Comparison among the properties and mechanisms observed in other metal alloy systems, including zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) alloys and prominent BMGs, are also presented for analysis in order to provide new approaches to resolving the critical issues of Mg alloys. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The effects of alloying elements, microstructure, heat treatment and deformation on the mechanical and corrosion properties of biodegradable metals such as Mg-based alloys and bulk metal glasses (BMGs) are identified. Theoretical models and experimental findings are comprehensively analyzed to corroborate the actual corrosion and deformation mechanisms observed in biodegradable metals (BMs). This work also provides an in-depth comparison of mechanical and corrosion properties among the prominent biodegradable metal alloy systems, illustrating a clear outlook on their potentials. The proposed strategies to address the current challenges in BMs are substantiated with fundamental theories and experimental evidence.
Production methods and characterization of porous Mg and Mg alloys for biomedical applications
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2017
Effects of structural property and surface modification of Ti6Ta4Sn scaffolds on the response of SaOS2 cells for bone tissue engineering
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2010
Plastic deformation in a partially crystallized Zr-based BMG under Vickers indenter
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Recent research and progress of biodegradable zinc alloys and composites for biomedical applications: Biomechanical and biocorrosion perspectives
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
The Application of the Rare Earths to Magnesium and Titanium Metallurgy in Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-07-2019
Abstract: Rare earth elements (REEs) have found application in metallurgical processes for nearly a century due to their unique chemical and physical properties but have gained increased attention in recent decades. Notably, the use of these elements may assist in the development of advanced magnesium and titanium products for applications spanning biomedicine, aerospace, and the automotive industry. To this end, current progress in this area, highlighting work done in Australian research organizations with particular academic expertise, is reviewed. Two areas that require further research are identified: the application of Sc and the heavy lanthanides to the development of novel magnesium alloys and the use of REEs as additives in the development of additive manufacturing of titanium parts.
Magnesium matrix nanocomposites for orthopedic applications: A review from mechanical, corrosion, and biological perspectives
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2019.06.007
Abstract: Magnesium (Mg) and some of its alloys have attracted extensive interests for biomedical applications as they exhibit biodegradability and low elastic modulus that is closer to natural bones than the currently used metallic implant materials such as titanium (Ti) and its alloys, stainless steels, and cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys. However, the rapid degradation of Mg alloys and loss of their mechanical integrity before sufficient bone healing impede their clinical application. Our literature review shows that magnesium matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) reinforced with nanoparticles possess enhanced strength, high corrosion resistance, and good biocompatibility. This article provides a detailed analysis of the effects of nanoparticle reinforcements on the mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility of MMNCs as promising biodegradable implant materials. The governing equations to quantitatively predict the mechanical properties and underlying synergistic strengthening mechanisms in MMNCs are elucidated. The potential, recent advances, challenges and future research directions in relation to nanoparticles reinforced MMNCs are highlighted. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Critically reviewing magnesium metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) for the biomedical application. Clear definitions of strengthening mechanisms using reinforcement particle in the magnesium matrix, as there were controversial in governing equations of strengthening parameters. Providing better understanding of the effect of particle size, volume fraction, interfacial bonding, and uniform dispersion of reinforcement particles on MMNCs.
Microstructures and mechanical properties of in situ TiC-β-Ti-Nb composites with ultrafine grains fabricated by high-pressure sintering
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-06-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-27535-6
Abstract: In this study, an in situ β–Ti–Nb composites reinforced with TiC particles with an ultrafine grain size were fabricated using a powder metallurgical (PM) method. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and compression tests. TiC particles were formed in the ball-milled powders after annealing at 600 °C due to a chemical reaction between stearic acid and titanium. Using high-pressure sintering (HPS) on an apparatus with six tungsten carbide anvils, a fully dense β–Ti–Nb composite reinforced with fine in situ TiC particles was obtained. The TiC particles exhibit particle sizes of ~500 nm, uniformly distributed in the composite matrix, which had grain sizes of ~600 nm. Thus, the TiC–β–Ti–Nb composite show very high compression yield strength and relatively high plasticity contributed by grain refinement and TiC particles strengthening. The composite with 45 vol.% TiC exhibited excellent mechanical properties, with a yield compressive strength of 1990 MPa and plastic strain of 9.12%. More over, a modified rule-of-mixture (ROM) was presented to describe the combined strengthening effect of grain refinement and TiC particles.
Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene as Nanoreinforcements in Metallic Biomaterials: a Review
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-02-2019
Compressive Deformation Characteristics of Open-Cell Mg Alloys with Controlled Cell Structure
Publisher: Japan Institute of Metals
Date: 2002
Compressive deformation and damage of Mg-based metallic glass interpenetrating phase composite containing 30–70 vol% titanium
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2010
Abstract: Mg-based metallic glass interpenetrating phase composites (IPCs) containing 30–70 vol% titanium was fabricated in this study. The effects of reinforced phase volume fraction and interspace on the mechanical properties were investigated systematically. With increasing the volume fraction of titanium, the fracture strength and strain increased up to 1860 MPa and 44%, respectively. The results showed that the critical volume fraction (around 40%) of Ti metal should be required for significantly improving plasticity of IPC. Decreasing the interspace of the titanium phase could lead to enhancement of yield and fracture strength. The deformation behavior and strengthening mechanisms were discussed in detail.
Ultrahigh-strength titanium gyroid scaffolds manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) for bone implant applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Bone Formation Following Implantation of Titanium Sponge Rods into Humeral Osteotomies in Dogs: A Histological and Histometrical Study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-02-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1708-8208.2008.00132.X
Abstract: Titanium (Ti) is widely proven to enhance bone contact and growth on its surface. It is expected that bone defects could benefit from Ti to promote healing and to increase strength of the implanted area. The present study aimed at comparing the potential of porous Ti sponge rods with synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) for the healing of bone defects in a canine model. Six mongrel dogs were submitted to three trephined osteotomies of 6.0 x 4.0 mm in one humerus and after 2 months another three osteotomies were performed in the contralateral humerus. A total of 36 defects were randomly filled either with Ti foam, particulate HA, or coagulum (control). The six animals were killed 4 months after the first surgery for histological and histometrical analysis. The Ti-foam surface was frequently found in intimate contact with new bone especially at the defect walls. Control sites showed higher amounts of newly formed bone at 2 months - Ti (p = 0.000) and HA (p = 0.009) - and 4 months when compared with Ti (p = 0.001). Differently from HA, the Ti foam was densely distributed across the defect area which rendered less space for bone growth in the latter's sites. The use of Ti foams or HA resulted in similar amounts of bone formation in both time intervals. Nevertheless, the presence of a Ti-foam rod preserved defect's marginal bone height as compared with control groups. Also, the Ti-foam group showed a more mature bone pattern at 4 months than HA sites. The Ti foam exhibited good biocompatibility, and its application resulted in improved maintenance of bone height compared with control sites. The Ti foam in a rod design exhibited bone ingrowth properties suitable for further exploration in other experimental situations.
Synthesis of Ti-Sn-Nb alloy by powder metallurgy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2008
Mechanical properties, in vitro corrosion and biocompatibility of newly developed biodegradable Mg-Zr-Sr-Ho alloys for biomedical applications
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-08-2016
DOI: 10.1038/SREP31990
Abstract: Our previous studies have demonstrated that Mg-Zr-Sr alloys can be anticipated as excellent biodegradable implant materials for load-bearing applications. In general, rare earth elements (REEs) are widely used in magnesium (Mg) alloys with the aim of enhancing the mechanical properties of Mg-based alloys. In this study, the REE holmium (Ho) was added to an Mg-1Zr-2Sr alloy at different concentrations of Mg1Zr2SrxHo alloys (x = 0, 1, 3, 5 wt. %) and the microstructure, mechanical properties, degradation behaviour and biocompatibility of the alloys were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the addition of Ho to Mg1Zr2Sr led to the formation of the intermetallic phases MgHo 3 , Mg 2 Ho and Mg 17 Sr 2 which resulted in enhanced mechanical strength and decreased degradation rates of the Mg-Zr-Sr-Ho alloys. Furthermore, Ho addition (≤5 wt. %) to Mg-Zr-Sr alloys led to enhancement of cell adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast cells on the Mg-Zr-Sr-Ho alloys. The in vitro biodegradation and the biocompatibility of the Mg-Zr-Sr-Ho alloys were both influenced by the Ho concentration in the Mg alloys Mg1Zr2Sr3Ho exhibited lower degradation rates than Mg1Zr2Sr and displayed the best biocompatibility compared with the other alloys.
Metal scaffolds processed by electron beam melting for biomedical applications
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
Realization and characterization of double-layer Ca-P coating on WE43 Mg alloy for biomedical applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
XAFS and XRD studies on local and long-range structures of mechanically alloyed Al x Ti1−x solid solutions
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 05-1999
Phosphorus-doped silicon copper alloy composites as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Plastic deformation in Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk metal glass under Vickers indenter
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2008
Synthesis of nanocrystallite by mechanical alloying and in situ observation of their combustion phase transformation in Al3Ti
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2011
In vitro osteoblast‐like cell proliferation on nano‐hydroxyapatite coatings with different morphologies on a titanium‐niobium shape memory alloy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-08-2010
DOI: 10.1002/JBM.A.32903
Abstract: The morphology of nanomaterials significantly affects their physical, chemical, and biological properties. In the present study, nano-hydroxyapatite coatings with different morphologies were produced on the surface of a titanium-niobium shape memory alloy via a hydrothermal process. The effect of the nano-hydroxyapatite coatings on the in vitro proliferation of SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells was investigated. Factors including crystallinity, surface micro-roughness, and surface energy of the nano-hydroxyapatite coatings were discussed. Results show that in vitro proliferation of the osteoblast-like cells was significantly enhanced on the nano-hydroxyapatite-coated titanium-niobium alloy compared to the titanium-niobium alloy without coating. The cell numbers on the nano-hydroxyapatite-coated titanium-niobium alloy changed consistently with the surface energy of the hydroxyapatite coatings. This study suggests that surface energy as a characteristic parameter influencing the in vitro proliferation of osteoblast-like cells was predominant over the crystallinity and surface micro-roughness of the nano-hydroxyapatite coatings.
High strength porous PLA gyroid scaffolds manufactured via fused deposition modeling for tissue-engineering applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
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