ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4718-6768
Current Organisation
University of Birmingham
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-11-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00406-017-0857-Z
Abstract: In idual changes over time in cognition in patients with psychotic disorders have been studied very little, especially in the case of first episode psychosis (FEP). We aimed to establish whether change in in idual trajectories in cognition over 2 years of a s le of 159 FEP patients was reliable and clinically significant, using the reliable change index (RCI) and clinically significant change (CSC) methods. We also studied a s le of 151 matched healthy controls. Patients and controls were assessed with a set of neuropsychological tests, as well as premorbid, clinical and functionality measures. We analysed the course of cognitive measures over time, using analysis of variance, and the in idual trajectories in the cognitive measures with the regression-based RCI (RCI
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2018.03.025
Abstract: Many studies having shown significant improvements in non-social and social cognitive performance in smoking FEP patients compared to non-smoking FEP patients. The findings are controversial. This study analyzed the effects of tobacco use on non-social and social cognitive function in a large group of FEP patients and a matched healthy control group. A s le of 335 patients with FEP and 253 healthy controls was ided into four subgroups: control tobacco users (CTU), control non-tobacco users (CNTU), patient tobacco users (PTU) and patient non-tobacco users (PNTU). Demographic variables, tobacco use variables (presence or absence, frequency and duration of tobacco use), neurocognitive (non-social) performance and social cognition were assessed. Comparison of 4 subgroups in non-social cognitive function revealed significant differences after controlling for covariables in executive functions (F=13.45 p≤0.001) and working memory domains (F=4.30 p=0.005). CTU and CNTU subgroups scored higher in all the domains compared to the PTU and the PNTU subgroups respectively. Social cognitive function was also significantly different within the four subgroups, with control subgroups showing better social cognition than patient subgroups. Significant differences in the executive functions domain were observed when comparing PTU and CTU groups (F=19.60 p≤0.001). No significant differences were revealed in the comparison between the patient groups. This large study suggests that tobacco use in FEP patients is not related to better non-social or social cognitive performance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2017.01.047
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the course of negative symptoms and its stability over a two-year period following a first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and the possible predictors of higher severity in this symptomatology after this period. In this longitudinal two-year prospective follow-up study we included 268 patients with a FES, according to DSM-IV. Analysis of variance was conducted in patients who completed the full follow-up to study changes in negative symptoms over three visits. Regression analyses were conducted to show correlates and potential predictors of negative symptoms at two-year follow-up. There was a significant effect for time in negative symptomatology, which was less severe at one-year follow-up after a FES and remained stable up to two years (Time 1>Time 2>Time 3) F(2,151)=20.45, p<0.001. Poorer premorbid adjustment (p=0.01) and higher negative symptoms at baseline (p<0.001) made a significant contribution to the changes in the negative symptoms severity at two-years after a FES (R We found a reduction in the negative symptomatology at one-year after a FES. This change remained stable at two-year. Our results suggested that the presence of this symptomatology early in the course of the illness, together with a poorer premorbid adjustment, predict more severe negative symptoms at mid-term outcome.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-08-2018
DOI: 10.1111/ACPS.12949
Abstract: Cognitive reserve (CR) refers to the brain's capacity to cope with pathology in order to minimize the symptoms. CR is associated with different outcomes in severe mental illness. This study aimed to analyze the impact of CR according to the diagnosis of first-episode affective or non-affective psychosis (FEP). A total of 247 FEP patients (211 non-affective and 36 affective) and 205 healthy controls were enrolled. To assess CR, common proxies have been integrated (premorbid IQ education-occupation leisure activities). The groups were ided into high and low CR. In non-affective patients, those with high CR were older, had higher socioeconomic status (SES), shorter duration of untreated psychosis, and a later age of onset. They also showed greater performance in most cognitive domains. In affective patients, those with a greater CR showed a higher SES, better functioning, and greater verbal memory performance. CR plays a differential role in the outcome of psychoses according to the diagnosis. Specifically, in order to address the needs of non-affective patients with low CR, cognitive rehabilitation treatments will need to be 'enriched' by adding pro-cognitive pharmacological agents or using more sophisticated approaches. However, a functional remediation therapy may be of choice for those with an affective psychosis and low CR.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: Spain
No related grants have been discovered for Isabel Morales-Muñoz.