ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7912-293X
Current Organisation
University of Adelaide
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Psychology | Learning, Memory, Cognition And Language | Applied and developmental psychology | Biological Psychology (Neuropsychology, Psychopharmacology, | Sensory Processes, Perception And Performance | Social And Community Psychology | Clinical psychology | Forensic psychology | Forensic Psychology | Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified
Law enforcement | Behavioural and cognitive sciences | Expanding Knowledge in Psychology and Cognitive Sciences | Treatments (e.g. chemicals, antibiotics) | Law Enforcement |
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1002/ACP.1238
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 29-04-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1111/AP.12384
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-06-2004
DOI: 10.1002/ACP.1036
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 12-2008
DOI: 10.1007/S10979-008-9128-X
Abstract: Witnesses observe crimes at various distances and the courts have to interpret their testimony given the likely quality of witnesses' views of events. We examined how accurately witnesses judged the distance between themselves and a target person, and how distance affected description accuracy, choosing behavior, and identification test accuracy. Over 1,300 participants were approached during normal daily activities, and asked to observe a target person at one of a number of possible distances. Under a Perception, Immediate Memory, or Delayed Memory condition, witnesses provided a brief description of the target, estimated the distance to the target, and then examined a 6-person target-present or target-absent lineup to see if they could identify the target. Errors in distance judgments were often substantial. Description accuracy was mediocre and did not vary systematically with distance. Identification choosing rates were not affected by distance, but decision accuracy declined with distance. Contrary to previous research, a 15-m viewing distance was not critical for discriminating accurate from inaccurate decisions.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 08-01-2023
Abstract: This is a preprint of a chapter published in "Human Uses of Outer Space" - edited by Melissa de Zwart, John Culton, Stacey Henderson, Amit Srivastava, and Deborah Turnbull.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 22-11-2017
Abstract: Estimator variables are factors that can affect the accuracy of eyewitness identifications but that are outside of the control of the criminal justice system. Ex les include (1) the duration of exposure to the perpetrator, (2) the passage of time between the crime and the identification (retention interval), (3) the distance between the witness and the perpetrator at the time of the crime. Suboptimal estimator variables (e.g., long distance) have long been thought to reduce the reliability of eyewitness identifications (IDs), but recent evidence suggests that this is not true of IDs made with high confidence and may or may not be true of IDs made with lower confidence. The evidence suggests that while suboptimal estimator variables decrease discriminability (i.e., the ability to distinguish innocent from guilty suspects), they do not decrease the reliability of IDs made with high confidence. Such findings are inconsistent with the longstanding “optimality hypothesis” and therefore require a new theoretical framework. Here, we propose that a signal-detection-based likelihood ratio account – which has long been a mainstay of basic theories of recognition memory – naturally accounts for these findings.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-05-2023
Publisher: American Psychological Association
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1037/13085-009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2002
DOI: 10.1002/BSL.502
Abstract: This study explored the influence of mood and emotion on mock-jurors' processing of testimonial inconsistencies, perceptions of witness credibility and offender culpability, and verdicts. Jurors' mood and testimonial consistency were manipulated using a simulated trial with a 2 (mood: sad/neutral) x 2 (testimonial consistency: consistent/inconsistent) between-groups design. Sad mood resulted in more accurate reporting of testimonial inconsistencies, a finding consistent with previous research indicating more substantive processing in association with sad mood. Direct relationships between veridicality and number of inconsistencies detected and mock-juror judgments were also observed. Although anger was not experimentally manipulated, the data suggest that trial circumstances which arouse anger in jurors may impair processing and also bias their judgments of witnesses and defendants. Possible directions for research on mood and emotion in the courtroom context are suggested.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2018.01.005
Abstract: Meat eating is a common behaviour, despite many people claiming to like, love, and care about animals. The apparent disconnection between not wanting animals to suffer, yet killing them for food, has been termed the 'meat paradox.' In this experimental study (N = 460), participants completed pre-affect, post-affect, meat attachment, and attitude towards animals questionnaires, under two conditions: exposure to the life of an Australian meat lamb, and information about the nutritional benefits of meat. A factorial MANOVA revealed that negative affect was significantly greater when participants were exposed to the meat-animal connection however, more entrenched attitudes towards animals and attachment to meat remained unaffected. Significant gender effects were found across all variables: most notably, meat attachment differed according to gender, decreasing in women and increasing in men when exposed to the meat-animal condition. Open-ended responses were subjected to content analysis to understand participants' future meat-consumption preferences and accompanying reasoning strategies. Findings from the present study contribute to understanding how cognitive dissonance and inconsistencies are rationalised by meat consumers.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2002
Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Date: 2008
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 09-07-2021
Abstract: What is the effect of placing the suspect in different positions in a sequential lineup? To explore this question, we developed and applied a model called the Independent Sequential Lineup model which analyzes a sequential lineup in terms of both identification position, the position at which the witness identifies a lineup item as the target, and target position, the position at which the target or suspect appears. We conducted a large-scale online eyewitness memory experiment with 7,204 participants each of whom was tested on a 6-item sequential lineup with an explicit stopping rule. The model fit these data well and revealed systematic effects of lineup position on underlying discriminability and response criteria. We also fit the model to data from a similar pair of experiments conducted recently by Wilson, Donnelly, Christenfeld and Wixted (2019 Journal of Memory and Language, 104, 108-125) both with and without application of a stopping rule. In all data sets, if a stopping rule is applied, underlying discriminability was found to be constant, or to increase slightly, across target position. In the absence of a stopping rule, discriminability was found to decrease substantially. We also observed a substantial increase in response criteria following presentation of the target. We discuss the implications of these findings for current theories of recognition memory and current applications of the sequential lineup in different jurisdictions.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 07-02-2019
Abstract: Face processing is an important cognitive process that has been extensively studied in the domains of recognition memory and visual search. However, with the advent of biometric question- answering systems to assist experts searching for specific in iduals, it is increasingly important to understand if the known biases and strengths of face processing extend to more deliberate natural language question formation and search. In this work we present a novel experimental task where people ask natural language questions to test hypotheses about faces in which the efficiency of the questions can be directly observed. The results indicate some aspects of existing paradigms do transfer to hypothesis testing, including less efficient questions when the number of items increases or as the similarity be- tween items increases. However, unlike recognition memory specific demographic features (gender and ethnicity) do not seem to have a strong impact on efficiency.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 07-07-2023
Abstract: Various formal and informal models of eyewitness memory have been proposed. While serving to guide both the construct and analytical frameworks of research within the field, these models have yet to be critically tested through a process of empirical falsification. This study addresses this gap by critically testing four hypotheses: the hypotheses that eyewitness memory possesses both (1) random-scale and (2) monotonic-likelihood representation the hypothesis that eyewitness memory data is (3) accurately predicted by high-threshold (HT) models and the hypothesis that a mathematical model of eyewitness identification provides a (4) good representation of the psychological constructs of eyewitness memory and decision making. After investigating the Block-Marschak inequalities test for random-scale and monotonic-likelihood representation and developing a new critical test for the falsification of the high threshold (HT) models, two experiments were conducted online with a total of 5,056 participants recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Experiment 1 collected k-AFC probabilities for lineup sizes k ∈ {2,…,7}. Experiment 2 collected identification and ranking probabilities from a simultaneous 8-item lineup using a 3 (strong, weak, very weak memory) x 2 (low vs high expectation) x 2 (target-present vs target-absent) between-subject experimental design. Eyewitness identification outcomes were shown to have both random-scale and monotonic likelihood representation, thus allowing for development of a mathematical model. The 2HT models of eyewitness memory were falsified and superseded by an alternative surviving model—signal detection theory (SDT). Finally, the predictive ability of the unequal-variance (UV) SDT model of simultaneous lineup identification (assuming a MAX decision rule) was confirmed, as was the independence of the model’s parameters and its generalizability across task structures. It was concluded that the UV-SDT class of models provide an evidence-based account of eyewitness identification behavior, support the measurement of empirical eyewitness identification data, and have facilitated a shift towards the building of stronger scientific evidence.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2004
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-06-2019
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 09-06-2023
Abstract: The development and commercialisation of medical artificial intelligence (AI) decision-systems far outpaces our understanding of their value for clinicians. Although applicable across many forms of medicine, we focus on characterising the diagnostic decisions of radiologists, review the differences between clinician decision-making and medical AI model decision-making, and reveal how these differences pose fundamental challenges for integrating AI into radiology. We argue that clinicians are contextually motivated, mentally resourceful decision-makers, whereas AI models are contextually stripped, correlational decision-makers, and discuss misconceptions about clinician-AI interaction stemming from this misalignment of capabilities. We outline a series of recommendations for future research to enhance the safety and usability of AI models in high-risk medical decision-making contexts.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2004
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.1037/LHB0000034
Abstract: Despite myriad possible differences in perspectives brought to an investigative interview by eyewitnesses and interviewers, little is known about how such differences might affect eyewitness memory reports or interviewer behavior. Two experiments tested the impact of such differences in a dynamic interaction paradigm in which participants served as eyewitnesses and interviewers. In Experiment 1 (N = 38 pairs), reporting goals for eyewitnesses and interviewers were manipulated in a factorial design, with participants instructed to provide or obtain either as much information as possible or only accurate information. Matching interviewer-interviewee instructions promoted accurate reporting, regardless of the actual content of the instructions. In Experiment 2 (N = 45 pairs), access to information about corroborating eyewitness identifications was manipulated in a factorial design. Corroborating information affected interviewers, but not eyewitnesses. When interviewers did not have access to corroborating information, they provided more negative feedback, and there was a trend toward interrupting more and asking more yes/no questions. These experiments indicate that differences in perspective can have effects on both the content of a witness's report and the behavior of an interviewer. The potential for differences in perspective should be considered in research on protocols intended to maximize eyewitness report accuracy.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-02-2019
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1037/XAP0000157
Abstract: Estimator variables are factors that can affect the accuracy of eyewitness identifications but that are outside of the control of the criminal justice system. Ex les include (1) the duration of exposure to the perpetrator, (2) the passage of time between the crime and the identification (retention interval), (3) the distance between the witness and the perpetrator at the time of the crime. Suboptimal estimator variables (e.g., long distance) have long been thought to reduce the reliability of eyewitness identifications (IDs), but recent evidence suggests that this is not true of IDs made with high confidence and may or may not be true of IDs made with lower confidence. The evidence suggests that though suboptimal estimator variables decrease discriminability (i.e., the ability to distinguish innocent from guilty suspects), they do not decrease the reliability of IDs made with high confidence. Such findings are inconsistent with the longstanding "optimality hypothesis" and therefore require a new theoretical framework. Here, we propose that a signal-detection-based likelihood ratio account-which has long been a mainstay of basic theories of recognition memory-naturally accounts for these findings. (PsycINFO Database Record
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 09-2017
DOI: 10.1037/XAP0000130
Abstract: Unfamiliar, one-to-one face matching has been shown to be error-prone. However, it is unknown whether there is a strong relationship between confidence and accuracy in this task. If there is, then confidence could be used as an indicator of accuracy in real-world face matching settings such as border security, where the objectively correct decision is typically unknown. Two experiments examined the overall confidence-accuracy relationship, as well as the relationship for positive (match) and negative (mismatch) decisions. Furthermore, they tested whether these relationships were affected by factors relevant to applied face matching settings: the proportion of mismatching trials (PMT), and the task orientation of the decision-maker (look for matches, or look for mismatches). Both calibration analyses and signal detection methods were applied to assess performance. The results showed that confidence can have a high correspondence with accuracy overall, regardless of task orientation but with small effects of PMT. Thus, confidence is promising as an indicator of accuracy in face matching. However, PMT systematically produces large detrimental effects on the confidence-accuracy relationships for positive and negative decisions, when considered separately. Signal detection measures help with understanding these effects and proposing future research directions for improving the relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record
Start Date: 2008
End Date: 2008
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 04-2023
End Date: 03-2026
Amount: $305,304.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2010
End Date: 12-2017
Amount: $230,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 03-2016
End Date: 03-2022
Amount: $176,200.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2008
End Date: 12-2008
Amount: $120,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity