ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2071-7768
Current Organisation
Linköpings universitet
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Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2003
DOI: 10.1007/BF02348443
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-04-2021
Abstract: Smart textiles combine the features of conventional textiles with promising properties of smart materials such as electromechanically active polymers, resulting in textile actuators. Textile actuators comprise of in idual yarn actuators, so understanding their electro‐chemo‐mechanical behavior is of great importance. Herein, this study investigates the effect of inherent structural and mechanical properties of commercial yarns, that form the core of the yarn actuators, on the linear actuation of the conducting‐polymer‐based yarn actuators. Commercial yarns were coated with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) to make them conductive. Then polypyrrole (PPy) that provides the electromechanical actuation is electropolymerized on the yarn surface under controlled conditions. The linear actuation of the yarn actuators is investigated in aqueous electrolyte under isotonic and isometric conditions. The yarn actuators generated an isotonic strain up to 0.99% and isometric force of 95 mN. The isometric strain achieved in this work is more than tenfold and threefold greater than the previously reported yarn actuators. The isometric actuation force shows an increase of nearly 11‐fold over our previous results. Finally, a qualitative mechanical model is introduced to describe the actuation behavior of yarn actuators. The strain and force created by the yarn actuators make them promising candidates for wearable actuator technologies.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4TB00142G
Abstract: Investigating the influence of conductive polymer dopants on surface properties and chemistry, and how they may modify cardiac progenitor cell interactions.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP05841D
Abstract: Parallel reactions may have an important effect on conducting polymer actuation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-03-2018
Abstract: There is a need for soft actuators in various biomedical applications to manipulate delicate objects such as cells and tissues. Soft actuators are able to adapt to any shape and limit the stress applied to delicate objects. Conjugated polymer (CP) actuators, especially in the so-called trilayer configuration, are interesting candidates for driving such micromanipulators. However, challenges involved in patterning the electrodes in a trilayer with in idual contact have prevented further development of soft micromanipulators based on CP actuators. To allow such patterning, two printing-based patterning techniques have been developed. First, an oxidant layer is printed using either syringe-based printing or microcontact printing, followed by vapor-phase polymerization of the CP. Submillimeter patterns with electronic conductivities of 800 S·cm
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C3TA13876C
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 06-01-2017
Abstract: Textile artificial muscles were developed using weaving to increase the force and knitting to lify the strain.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 08-10-2013
DOI: 10.1088/1748-3182/8/4/046004
Abstract: The quest for swimming microrobots originates from possible applications in medicine, especially involving navigation in bodily fluids. Swimming microorganisms have become a source of inspiration because their propulsion mechanisms are effective in the low-Reynolds number regime. In this study, we address a propulsion mechanism inspired by metachronal waves, i.e. the spontaneous coordination of cilia leading to the fast swimming of ciliates. We analyse the biological mechanism (referring to its particular embodiment in Paramecium caudatum), and we investigate the contribution of its main features to the swimming performance, through a three-dimensional finite-elements model, in order to develop a simplified, yet effective artificial design. We propose a bioinspired propulsion mechanism for a swimming microrobot based on a continuous cylindrical electroactive surface exhibiting perpendicular wave deformations travelling longitudinally along its main axis. The simplified propulsion mechanism is conceived specifically for microrobots that embed a micro-actuation system capable of executing the bioinspired propulsion (self-propelled microrobots). Among the available electroactive polymers, we select polypyrrole as the possible actuation material and we assess it for this particular embodiment. The results are used to appoint target performance specifications for the development of improved or new electroactive materials to attain metachronal-waves-like propulsion.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOS.2016.01.057
Abstract: The Gram-negative bacterium, Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a food borne pathogen responsible for numerous hospitalisations and deaths all over the world. Conventional detection methods for pathogens are time consuming and labour-intensive. Hence, there is considerable interest in faster and simpler detection methods. Polypyrrole-based polymers, due to their intrinsic chemical and electrical properties, have been demonstrated to be valuable candidates for the fabrication of chemo/biosensors and functional surfaces. Similarly aptamers have been shown to be good alternatives to antibodies in the development of affinity biosensors. In this study, we report on the combination of poly [pyrrole-co-3-carboxyl-pyrrole] copolymer and aptamer for the development of a label-less electrochemical biosensor suitable for the detection of S. Typhimurium. Impedimetric measurements were facilitated by the effect of the aptamer/target interaction on the intrinsic conjugation of the poly [pyrrole-co-3-carboxyl-pyrrole] copolymer and subsequently on its electrical properties. The aptasensor detected S. Typhimurium in the concentration range 10(2)-10(8) CFU mL(-1) with high selectivity over other model pathogens and with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 100 CFU mL(-1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 3 CFU mL(-1). The suitability of the aptasensor for real s le detection was demonstrated via recovery studies performed in spiked apple juice s les. We envisage this to be a viable approach for the inexpensive and rapid detection of pathogens in food, and possibly in other environmental s les.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-07-2009
DOI: 10.1038/NMAT2494
Abstract: Significant advances have been made in the understanding of the pathophysiology, molecular targets and therapies for the treatment of a variety of nervous-system disorders. Particular therapies involve electrical sensing and stimulation of neural activity, and significant effort has therefore been devoted to the refinement of neural electrodes. However, direct electrical interfacing suffers from some inherent problems, such as the inability to discriminate amongst cell types. Thus, there is a need for novel devices to specifically interface nerve cells. Here, we demonstrate an organic electronic device capable of precisely delivering neurotransmitters in vitro and in vivo. In converting electronic addressing into delivery of neurotransmitters, the device mimics the nerve synapse. Using the peripheral auditory system, we show that out of a erse population of cells, the device can selectively stimulate nerve cells responding to a specific neurotransmitter. This is achieved by precise electronic control of electrophoretic migration through a polymer film. This mechanism provides several sought-after features for regulation of cell signalling: exact dosage determination through electrochemical relationships, minimally disruptive delivery due to lack of fluid flow, and on-off switching. This technology has great potential as a therapeutic platform and could help accelerate the development of therapeutic strategies for nervous-system disorders.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C8TC04368J
Abstract: A new family of ionogels for electrochemical devices was developed from a mixture of multifunctional thiols, diacrylate and triethylamine in the presence of ionic liquid using Michael addition chemistry.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-04-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-11-2020
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-04-2018
Abstract: The advent of home blood glucose monitoring revolutionized diabetes management, and the recent introduction of both wearable devices and closed-loop continuous systems has enormously impacted the lives of people with diabetes. We describe the first fully injectable soft electrochemical glucose sensor for in situ monitoring. Collagen, the main component of a native extracellular matrix in humans and animals, was used to fabricate an in situ gellable self-supporting electroconductive hydrogel that can be injected onto an electrode surface or into porcine meat to detect glucose erometrically. The study provides a proof-of-principle of an injectable electrochemical sensor suitable for monitoring tissue glucose levels that may, with further development, prove clinically useful in the future.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-11-2011
Abstract: Let it grow: The conjugated polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was synthesized with heparin as the counterion to form a cell culture substrate. The surface of PEDOT:heparin in the neutral state associated biologically active growth factors. Electrochemical in situ oxidation of PEDOT during live cell culture decreased the bioavailability of the growth factor and created an exact onset of neural stem cell differentiation.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 04-2015
DOI: 10.1117/12.2084165
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-04-2016
Abstract: The combination of stem cell therapy with a supportive scaffold is a promising approach to improving cardiac tissue engineering. Stem cell therapy can be used to repair nonfunctioning heart tissue and achieve myocardial regeneration, and scaffold materials can be utilized in order to successfully deliver and support stem cells in vivo. Current research describes passive scaffold materials here an electroactive scaffold that provides electrical, mechanical, and topographical cues to induced human pluripotent stem cells (iPS) is presented. The poly(lactic‐ co ‐glycolic acid) fiber scaffold coated with conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) is capable of delivering direct electrical and mechanical stimulation to the iPS. The electroactive scaffolds demonstrate no cytotoxic effects on the iPS as well as an increased expression of cardiac markers for both stimulated and unstimulated protocols. This study demonstrates the first application of PPy as a supportive electroactive material for iPS and the first development of a fiber scaffold capable of dynamic mechanical actuation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1039/C1LC20436J
Abstract: The importance of mechanotransduction for physiological systems is becoming increasingly recognized. The effect of mechanical stimulation is well studied in organs and tissues, for instance by using flexible tissue culture substrates that can be stretched by external means. However, on the cellular and subcellular level, dedicated technology to apply appropriate mechanical stimuli is limited. Here we report an organic electronic microactuator chip for mechanical stimulation of single cells. These chips are manufactured on silicon wafers using traditional microfabrication and photolithography techniques. The active unit of the chip consists of the electroactive polymer polypyrrole that expands upon the application of a low potential. The fact that polypyrrole can be activated in physiological electrolytes makes it well suited as the active material in a microactuator chip for biomedical applications. Renal epithelial cells, which are responsive to mechanical stimuli and relevant from a physiological perspective, are cultured on top of the microactuator chip. The cells exhibit good adhesion and spread along the surface of the chip. After culturing, in idual cells are mechanically stimulated by electrical addressing of the microactuator chip and the response to this stimulation is monitored as an increase in intracellular Ca(2+). This Ca(2+) response is caused by an autocrine ATP signalling pathway associated with mechanical stimulation of the cells. In conclusion, the present work demonstrates a microactuator chip based on an organic conjugated polymer, for mechanical stimulation of biological systems at the cellular and sub-cellular level.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-08-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-12-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOMATERIALS.2009.07.059
Abstract: Conducting polymers are soft, flexible materials, exhibiting material properties that can be reversibly changed by electrochemically altering the redox state. Surface chemistry is an important determinant for the molecular events of cell adhesion. Therefore, we analyzed whether the redox state of the conducting polymer PEDOT:Tosylate can be used to control epithelial cell adhesion and proliferation. A functionalized cell culture dish comprising two adjacent electrode surfaces was developed. Upon electronic addressing, reduced and oxidized surfaces are created within the same device. Simultaneous analysis of how a homogenous epithelial MDCK cell population responded to the electrodes revealed distinct surface-specific differences. Presentation of functional fibronectin on the reduced electrode promoted focal adhesion formation, involving alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, cell proliferation, and ensuing formation of polarized monolayers. In contrast, the oxidized surface harbored only few cells with deranged morphology showing no indication of proliferation. This stems from the altered fibronectin conformation, induced by the different surface chemistry of the PEDOT:Tosylate electrode in the oxidized state. Our results demonstrate a novel use of PEDOT:Tosylate as a cell-hosting material in multiple-electrode systems, where cell adhesion and proliferation can be controlled by electrochemical modulation of surface properties.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 24-06-2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4LC00201F
Abstract: We hereby report a method to fabricate addressable micropatterns of e-surfaces based on the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with the anion tosylate (PEDOT:Tos) to gain dynamic control over the spatial distribution of platelets in vitro. With thin film processing and microfabrication techniques, patterns down to 10 μm were produced to enable active regulation of platelet adhesion at high spatial resolution. Upon electronic addressing, both reduced and oxidized surfaces were created within the same device. This surface modulation dictates the conformation and/or orientation, rather than the concentration, of surface proteins, thus indirectly regulating the adhesion of platelets. The reduced electrode supported platelet adhesion, whereas the oxidized counterpart inhibited adhesion. PEDOT:Tos electrode fabrication is compatible with most of the classical patterning techniques used in printing as well as in the electronics industry. The first types of tools promise ultra-low-cost production of low-resolution (>30 μm) electrode patterns that may combine with traditional substrates and dishes used in a classical analysis setup. Platelets play a pronounced role in cardiovascular diseases and have become an important drug target in order to prevent thrombosis. This clinical path has in turn generated a need for platelet function tests to monitor and assess platelet drug efficacy. The spatial control of platelet adherence presented here could prove valuable for blood cell separation or biosensor microarrays, e.g. in diagnostic applications where platelet function is evaluated.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-10-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 21-11-2008
DOI: 10.1021/LA8028337
Abstract: Adhesion is an essential parameter for stem cells. It regulates the overall cell density along the carrying surface, which further dictates the differentiation scheme of stem cells toward a more matured and specified population as well as tissue. Electronic control of the seeding density of neural stem cells (c17.2) is here reported. Thin electrode films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT):Tosylate were manufactured along the floor of cell growth dishes. As the oxidation state of the conjugated polymer electrodes was controlled, the seeding density could be varied by a factor of 2. Along the oxidized PEDOT:Tosylate-electrodes, a relatively lower density of, and less tightly bonded, human serum albumin (HSA) was observed as compared to reduced electrodes. We found that this favors adhesion of the specific stem cells studied. Surface analysis experiments, such as photoelectron spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurements, were carried out to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the electronic control of the seeding density of the c17.2 neural stem cells. Further, our findings may provide an opening for electronic control of stem cell differentiation.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5RA15587H
Abstract: A unique study of the impact of crosslinking on the electro-mechanical performance of electropolymerised polypyrrole films using laser-scanning micrometry.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C8TB00782A
Abstract: Redox potential-dependent switching of immobilized interleukin-3 presentation towards hematopoietic progenitor cells using electroactive polypyrrole surfaces affects cell viability.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1999
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 24-05-2000
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-05-2022
Abstract: With the rise of ion‐based devices using soft ionic conductors, ionotronics show the importance of matching electronic and biological interfaces. Since textiles are conformal, an essential property for matching interfaces, light‐weight and comfortable, they present as an ideal candidate for a new generation of ionotronics, i‐textiles. As fibers are the building blocks of textiles, ionically conductive fibers, named ionofibers, are needed. However, ionofibers are not yet demonstrated to fulfill the fabric manufacturing requirements such as mechanical robustness and upscaled production. Considering that ionogels are known to be conformal films with high ionic conductivity, ionofibers are produced from commercial core yarns with specifically designed ionogel precursor solution via a continuous dip‐coating process. These ionofibers are to be regarded as composites, which keep the morphology and improve the mechanical properties from the core yarns while adding the (ionic) conductive function. They keep their conductivity also after their integration into conformal fabrics thus, an upscaled production is a likely outlook. The findings offer promising perspectives for i‐textiles with enhanced textile properties and in‐air electrochemical applications.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 11-04-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-01-2022
Abstract: Inspired by the dynamic process of initial bone development, in which a soft tissue turns into a solid load-bearing structure, the fabrication, optimization, and characterization of bioinduced variable-stiffness actuators that can morph in various shapes and change their properties from soft to rigid are hereby presented. Bilayer devices are prepared by combining the electromechanically active properties of polypyrrole with the compliant behavior of alginate gels that are uniquely functionalized with cell-derived plasma membrane nanofragments (PMNFs), previously shown to mineralize within 2 days, which promotes the mineralization in the gel layer to achieve the soft to stiff change by growing their own bone. The mineralized actuator shows an evident frozen state compared to the movement before mineralization. Next, patterned devices show programmed directional and fixated morphing. These variable-stiffness devices can wrap around and, after the PMNF-induced mineralization in and on the gel layer, adhere and integrate onto bone tissue. The developed biohybrid variable-stiffness actuators can be used in soft (micro-)robotics and as potential tools for bone repair or bone tissue engineering.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 04-2015
DOI: 10.1117/12.2081821
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 09-10-2022
DOI: 10.1149/MA2022-02542035MTGABS
Abstract: Enzymatic biofuel cells are presented as an untethered alternative energy source that could power small implantable or wearable medical devices. However, most of these catalytic processes do not provide with enough energy to power common small electronic-mechanical devices. On the other hand, conducting polymer-based actuators are of great interest for their biocompatibility, flexibility, processability, possibility to be miniaturized and low power consumption. So far, these artificial muscles have been driven by external power sources that prevent them for being completely autonomous. There is a need for a novel power source to elaborate actuators that could use physiological processes as a driving force. These soft actuators’ low power consumption matches the electrical power generated by the biocatalysis of some enzymes, such as glucose oxidase and laccase in presence of glucose and oxygen in aqueous media. Here, we present the latest results in the development of polypyrrole-based soft actuators powered by enzymatic biofuel cells. The actuator consists of a tri-layer conductive substrate on which the polypyrrole is electrodeposited in both sides. The polypyrrole layers act as the active part, expanding and contracting upon a redox reaction, resulting in a bending movement. Tetrathiofulvlene-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ) and 2,2′-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid) (ABTS) electron transfer mediators are cast on the surface of the polypyrrole to help the electron transmission. The glucose oxidase and laccase enzymes are immobilized in the modified-conducting polymer surface, integrating the electrode to the actuator. The bio-catalysis of enzymes in presence of glucose and oxygen in aqueous solution provides the actuator with the electrons needed for the redox reaction, converting the chemical energy into mechanical energy, i.e., movement. The glucose-self-powered soft actuator may contribute to the development of more complex implantable, ingestible, or wearable biomedical devices such as cardio-stimulators, insulin pumps, or muscle implants.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-09-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-09-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41378-019-0092-Z
Abstract: A simple and cost-effective method for the patterning and fabrication of soft polymer microactuators integrated with morphological computation is presented. The microactuators combine conducting polymers to provide the actuation, with spatially designed structures for a morphologically controlled, user-defined actuation. Soft lithography is employed to pattern and fabricate polydimethylsiloxane layers with geometrical pattern, for use as a construction element in the microactuators. These microactuators could obtain multiple bending motions from a single fabrication process depending on the morphological pattern defined in the final step. Instead of fabricating via conventional photolithography route, which involves multiple steps with different chromium photomasks, this new method uses only one single design template to produce geometrically patterned layers, which are then specifically cut to obtain multiple device designs. The desired design of the actuator is decided in the final step of fabrication. The resulting microactuators generate motions such as a spiral, screw, and tube, using a single design template.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 04-2015
DOI: 10.1117/12.2084176
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1999
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 15-04-2016
DOI: 10.1117/12.2218799
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-03-2023
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 30-07-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 30-06-2000
DOI: 10.1126/SCIENCE.288.5475.2335
Abstract: Conducting polymers are excellent materials for actuators that are operated in aqueous media. Microactuators based on polypyrrole-gold bilayers enable large movement of structures attached to these actuators and are of particular interest for the manipulation of biological objects, such as single cells. A fabrication method for creating in idually addressable and controllable polypyrrole-gold microactuators was developed. With these in idually controlled microactuators, a micrometer-size manipulator, or microrobotic arm, was fabricated. This microrobotic arm can pick up, lift, move, and place micrometer-size objects within an area of about 250 micrometers by 100 micrometers, making the microrobot an excellent tool for single-cell manipulation.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-2018
Abstract: An ionic conducting membrane is an essential part in various electrochemical devices including ionic actuators. To miniaturize these devices, micropatterns of ionic conducting membrane are desired. Here, we present a novel type of ionogel that can be patterned using standard photolithography and soft imprinting lithography. The ionogel is prepared in situ by UV-initiated free-radical polymerization of thiol acrylate precursors in the presence of ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The resultant ionogel is very flexible with a low Young's modulus (as low as 0.23 MPa) and shows a very high ionic conductivity (up to 2.4 × 10
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 19-09-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-09-2016
Abstract: A flexible electronic paper in full color is realized by plasmonic metasurfaces with conjugated polymers. An ultrathin large-area electrochromic material is presented which provides high polarization-independent reflection, strong contrast, fast response time, and long-term stability. This technology opens up for new electronic readers and posters with ultralow power consumption.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-07-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2007
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 15-04-2016
DOI: 10.1117/12.2218860
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-03-2019
Abstract: Conjugated polymers (CPs), as exemplified by polypyrrole, are intrinsically conducting polymers with potential for development as soft actuators or "artificial muscles" for numerous applications. Significant progress has been made in the understanding of these materials and the actuation mechanisms, aided by the development of physical and electrochemical models. Current research is focused on developing applications utilizing the advantages that CP actuators have (e.g., low driving potential and easy to miniaturize) over other actuating materials and on developing ways of overcoming their inherent limitations. CP actuators are available as films, filaments/yarns, and textiles, operating in liquids as well as in air, ready for use by engineers. Here, the milestones made in understanding these unique materials and their development as actuators are highlighted. The primary focus is on the recent progress, developments, applications, and future opportunities for improvement and exploitation of these materials, which possess a wealth of multifunctional properties.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-07-2020
Abstract: The feasibility of additive manufacturing actuating microstructures and microdevices with small dimension is presented. Using a custom-built extrusion 3D printer and CAD model of the device structure, bilayer microactuators driven by hydrogels are fabricated down to a size of 300 × 1000 μ m 2, with a minimum thickness of 30 μ m. To explore the limitations of the 3D printing process, microactuators with a width of 300 μ m and lengths ranging from 1000 to 5000 μ m are manufactured and thereafter operated to demonstrate the feasibility of the process. Similarly, microrobotic devices consisting of a passive rigid body and flexible moving parts are 3D printed to illustrate the ease and versatility of the additive manufacturing technique to fabricate soft microgrippers or micromanipulators.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-06-2019
Abstract: Untethered actuation is important for robotic devices to achieve autonomous motion, which is typically enabled by using batteries. Using enzymes to provide the required electrical charge is particularly interesting as it will enable direct harvesting of fuel components from a surrounding fluid. Here, a soft artificial muscle is presented, which uses the biofuel glucose in the presence of oxygen. Glucose oxidase and laccase enzymes integrated in the actuator catalytically convert glucose and oxygen into electrical power that in turn is converted into movement by the electroactive polymer polypyrrole causing the actuator to bend. The integrated bioelectrode pair shows a maximum open-circuit voltage of 0.70 ± 0.04 V at room temperature and a maximum power density of 0.27 µW cm
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-02-2016
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 20-09-2013
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2013
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2013
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2000
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 24-03-2014
DOI: 10.1021/LA404353Z
Abstract: The effect of the electrolyte concentration (NaCl aqueous electrolyte) on the dimensional variations of films of polypyrrole doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate PPy(DBS) on Pt and Au wires was studied. Any parallel reaction that occurs during the redox polymeric reaction that drives the mechanical actuation, as detected from the coulovoltammetric responses, was avoided by using Pt wires as substrate and controlling the potential limits, thus significantly increasing the actuator lifetime. The NaCl concentration of the electrolyte, when studied by cyclic voltammetry or chrono erometry, has a strong effect on the performance as well. A maximum expansion was achieved in 0.3 M aqueous solution. The consumed oxidation and reduction charges control the fully reversible dimensional variations: PPy(DBS) films are faradaic polymeric motors. Parallel to the faradaic exchange of the cations, osmotic, electrophoretic, and structural changes play an important role for the water exchange and volume change of PPy(DBS).
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 19-10-2010
DOI: 10.1201/B10277-9
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-11-2009
Abstract: Complex patterning of the extracellular matrix, cells, and tissues under in situ electronic control is the aim of the technique presented here. The distribution of epithelial cells along the channel of an organic electrochemical transistor is shown to be actively controlled by the gate and drain voltages, as electrochemical gradients are formed along the transistor channel when the device is biased..
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 24-03-2011
DOI: 10.1117/12.880277
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C6RA11682E
Abstract: The characterisation of biomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering applications is vital for the development of effective treatments for the repair of cardiac function.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-11-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-07-2023
Abstract: Electrochemical devices as conducting polymer‐based actuators or textile actuators often use layers of different conducting polymers. Although research has been performed on such devices, it is still not very clear how the different layers affect each other. Here we attempt to clarify such influence on yarn actuators using electrochemical methods. Different electrochemical methods as cyclic voltammetry, chrono erometry or chronopotentiometry were used to electropolymerize polypyrrole on top of a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) coated textile yarns by using different applied electrochemical conditions (potentials/currents). Thus, we found that selecting suitable conditions (as an applied potential of +0.8 V) for such electropolymerization is key to obtain a polypyrrole of high quality. Besides, we show that the underlying layer of PEDOT:PSS has an influence on such electropolymerization conditions and can be subjected to parallel redox reactions as oxidation or electrochemical degradation that influence the electropolymerized polypyrrole.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-05-2023
Abstract: Helical plants have the ability of tropisms to respond to natural stimuli, and biomimicry of such helical shapes into artificial muscles has been vastly popular. However, the shape‐mimicked actuators only respond to artificially provided stimulus, they are not adaptive to variable natural conditions, thus being unsuitable for real‐life applications where on‐demand, autonomous operations are required. Novel artificial muscles made of hierarchically patterned helically wound yarns that are self‐adaptive to environmental humidity and temperature changes are demonstrated here. Unlike shape‐mimicked artificial muscles, a unique microstructural biomimicking approach is adopted, where the muscle yarns can effectively replicate the hydrotropism and thermotropism of helical plants to their microfibril level using plant‐like microstructural memories. Large strokes, with rapid movement, are obtained when the in idual microfilament of yarn is inlaid with hydrogel and further twisted into a coil‐shaped hierarchical structure. The developed artificial muscle provides an average actuation speed of ≈5.2% s −1 at expansion and ≈3.1% s −1 at contraction cycles, being the fastest amongst previously demonstrated actuators of similar type. It is demonstrated that these muscle yarns can autonomously close a window in wet climates. The building block yarns are washable without any material degradation, making them suitable for smart, reusable textile and soft robotic devices.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-01-2023
Abstract: Soft robotics has attracted great attention owing to their immense potential especially in human–robot interfaces. However, the compliant property of soft robotics alone, without stiff elements, restricts their applications under load‐bearing conditions. Herein, biohybrid soft actuators, that create their own bone‐like rigid layer and thus alter their stiffness from soft to hard, are designed. Fabrication of the actuators is based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with an Au film to make a soft substrate onto which polypyrrole (PPy) doped with poly(4‐styrenesulfonic‐co‐maleic acid) sodium salt (PSA) is electropolymerized. The PDMS/Au/PPy(PSA) actuator is then functionalized, chemically and physically, with plasma membrane nanofragments (PMNFs) that induce bone formation within 3 days, without using cells. The resulting stiffness change decreases the actuator displacement yet a thin stiff layer cannot completely stop the actuator's movement, while a relatively thick segment can, but results in partial delamination the actuator. To overcome the delamination, an additional rough Au layer is electroplated to improve the adhesion of the PPy onto the substrate. Finally, an alginate gel functionalized with PMNFs is used to create a thicker mineral layer mimicking the collagen‐apatite bone structure, which completely suppresses the actuator movement without causing any structural damage.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 26-04-2012
DOI: 10.1117/12.917428
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 09-10-2022
DOI: 10.1149/MA2022-02612224MTGABS
Abstract: Conjugated polymers such as polypyrrole can be electrochemically oxidised and reduced. These redox reactions are accompanied by a flow of counter ions and solvent from the electrolyte into or out of the polymer matrix in order to maintain charge balance and osmotic pressure, resulting in an electrochemically induced volume change of the conjugated polymer. This volume change can be exploited to fabricate electrochemically driven actuators in various formats from bending bilayer microactuators to macroscopic textile actuators. Yarn and textile actuators are fabricated by coating commercially yarns and fabrics with the conjugated polymers. First a thin layer of PEDOT (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) is applied to make the yarns or fabrics electrically conductive. Thereafter the yarns/fabrics are coated with electromechanically active polypyrrole using electrochemical synthesis. Next the yarn or textile actuators can be actuated by applying the appropriate redox potentials. In order to achieve in-air actuation, the yarns or fabrics will be coated with novel ionogels (gelled semi-solid electrolytes), that function as the ion source/sink to drive the electrochemical reactions. Two of such ionogel coated yarns will be assembled forming the anode/cathode pair of the electrochemical circuit. Using advanced textile manufacturing such yarn actuators can be integrated into fabrics using knitting or weaving. The latest results of our textile actuators both operating in liquid electrolytes as in-air will be presented. Fig. 1 A textile actuator with 4 inlay-knitted, in-air operating yarn actuators. Figure 1
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