ORCID Profile
0000-0003-1169-8785
Current Organisation
University of Western Australia
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Natural Resource Management | Environment and Resource Economics | Applied Economics
Environmental Policy, Legislation and Standards not elsewhere classified | Microeconomics not elsewhere classified |
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 30-03-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-10-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-11-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 19-02-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-08-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-05-2014
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.12617
Abstract: Ecological modeling shows that even small, gradual changes in body size in a fish population can have large effects on natural mortality, biomass, and catch. However, efforts to model the impact of climate change on fish growth have been h ered by a lack of long-term (multidecadal) data needed to understand the effects of temperature on growth rates in natural environments. We used a combination of dendrochronology techniques and additive mixed-effects modeling to examine the sensitivity of growth in a long-lived (up to 70 years), endemic marine fish, the western blue groper (Achoerodus gouldii), to changes in water temperature. A multi-decadal biochronology (1952-2003) of growth was constructed from the otoliths of 56 fish collected off the southwestern coast of Western Australia, and we tested for correlations between the mean index chronology and a range of potential environmental drivers. The chronology was significantly correlated with sea surface temperature in the region, but common variance among in iduals was low. This suggests that this species has been relatively insensitive to past variations in climate. Growth increment and age data were also used in an additive mixed model to predict otolith growth and body size later this century. Although growth was relatively insensitive to changes in temperature, the model results suggested that a fish aged 20 in 2099 would have an otolith about 10% larger and a body size about 5% larger than a fish aged 20 in 1977. Our study shows that species or populations regarded as relatively insensitive to climate change could still undergo significant changes in growth rate and body size that are likely to have important effects on the productivity and yield of fisheries.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/MF16131
Abstract: The benefits of marine protected areas are difficult to estimate for mobile species, but their effectiveness can be increased if essential habitats, such as nursery areas, are protected. In the present study we examined movements of juvenile blacktip reef (Carcharhinus melanopterus) and sicklefin lemon (Negaprion acutidens) sharks in a coastal nursery in northern Australia. Telemetry-derived data were modelled using Brownian bridges and overlaid with maps of habitats and no-take zones. Juvenile N. acutidens were typically residents (≥30 days) of the nursery with small areas of core space use ( .9km2), whereas juvenile C. melanopterus were non-residents ( days) and used larger areas ( .6km2). Both species exhibited positive selection for sandflats and mangroves, and avoidance of deeper lagoonal and slope habitats. Monthly patterns were examined only for resident N. acutidens, and residency decreased with increasing shark length and varied seasonally for males but not females. Space use showed weak declines with increasing tidal range, and slight increases with mean air pressure, rainfall and shark length. Protecting sandflat and vegetated habitats may increase the efficacy of no-take zones for juvenile N. acutidens, because they exhibit residency and affinity to these features. Conversely, such protection will be of limited benefit for juvenile C. melanopterus, because they exhibit low residency and broader movements.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-02-2022
DOI: 10.1111/AEC.13149
Abstract: Scalloped hammerheads ( Sphyrna lewini ) occur in tropical to subtropical waters across all ocean basins and are globally assessed as Critically Endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. In Australia, scalloped hammerheads range from Sydney, New South Wales (34° S 151° E), around northern Australia, down to Geographe Bay, Western Australia (33° S 115° E). However, in Western Australia, the species has rarely been recorded south of Jurien Bay (30° S 115° E). We report a recurrent aggregation of scalloped hammerheads within the Shoalwater Islands Marine Park (32° S 115° E), 240 km south of Jurien Bay, observed from drone footage collected during the 2019 and 2020 Austral summers. These new records challenge previous understanding of the distributional range of this Critically Endangered species and prompt questions about the adequacy of current protection measures.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-08-2017
DOI: 10.1111/GEB.12619
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2007.04.011
Abstract: Benthic status of 28 near-shore, artisanal, coral reef fishing grounds in the central Philippines was assessed (2000-2002) together with surveys of the seahorse, Hippoc us comes. Our measures of benthic quality and seahorse densities reveal some of the most degraded coral reefs in the world. Abiotic structure dominated the fishing grounds: 69% of the benthos comprised rubble (32%), sand/silt (28%) and dead coral (9%). Predominant biotic structure included live coral (12%) and Sargassum (11%). Rubble cover increased with increasing distance from municipal enforcement centers and coincided with substantial blast fishing in this region of the Philippines. Over 2 years, we measured a significant decrease in benthic 'heterogeneity' and a 16% increase in rubble cover. Poor benthic quality was concomitant with extremely low seahorse densities (524 fish per km(2)). Spatial management, such as marine reserves, may help to minimize habitat damage and to rebuild depleted populations of seahorses and other reef fauna.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2007
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 31-05-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-03-2016
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 06-12-2011
DOI: 10.3354/AB00381
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1098/RSOS.160455
Abstract: Genetic and modelling studies suggest that seasonal aggregations of whale sharks ( Rhincodon typus ) at coastal sites in the tropics may be linked by migration. Here, we used photo-identification (photo-ID) data collected by both citizen scientists and researchers to assess the connectedness of five whale shark aggregation sites across the entire Indian Ocean at timescales of up to a decade. We used the semi-automated program I 3 S (In idual Interactive Identification System) to compare photographs of the unique natural marking patterns of in idual whale sharks collected from aggregations at Mozambique, the Seychelles, the Mal es, Christmas Island (Australia) and Ningaloo Reef (Australia). From a total of 6519 photos, we found no evidence of connectivity of whale shark aggregations at ocean-basin scales within the time frame of the study and evidence for only limited connectivity at regional (hundreds to thousands of kilometres) scales. A male whale shark photographed in January 2010 at Mozambique was resighted eight months later in the Seychelles and was the only one of 1724 in iduals in the database to be photographed at more than one site. On average, 35% of in iduals were resighted at the same site in more than one year. A Monte Carlo simulation study showed that the power of this photo-ID approach to document patterns of emigration and immigration was strongly dependent on both the number of in iduals identified in aggregations and the size of resident populations.
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 27-06-2011
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS09150
Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
Date: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2003
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 22-06-2016
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/MF09273
Abstract: Deep coastal ecosystems ( m) occur on the continental shelf of many regions and are poorly understood relative to shallow-water ecosystems. These ecosystems frequently support commercially important benthic-associated species, such as the western rock lobster – the most valuable single-species fishery in Australia. We used remote (towed video) and in situ ( er collection) s ling techniques to investigate the benthic biota of deep coastal ecosystems along the temperate west coast of Australia. We tested the hypotheses that (1) there is no difference in benthic assemblage structure between shallow and deep coastal ecosystems, (2) there is no difference in benthic assemblage structure between locations, and (3) both s ling techniques provide comparable descriptions of benthic assemblages. Deep coastal ecosystems were found to have significant algal and sponge assemblages, suggesting that a reduction in irradiance with depth is not constraining algal distribution. Differences in sponge, algal and macroinvertebrate community composition were detected at a regional scale between study locations. Both s ling techniques identified differences in the composition of benthic assemblages according to location, and yielded similar outcomes with respect to sponge and algal assemblages, suggesting that a single method of habitat classification can be used in future studies to determine broad scale patterns in benthic assemblage composition.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/MF09031
Abstract: Ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) requires the expansion of fisheries research programs to include the relationship between target species and their habitats such that trophic and other ecological interactions can be assessed. The western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) is an ecologically important species that supports Australia’s most valuable single-species fisheries. We tested the relationship between abundance and size of western rock lobster and benthic habitats based on the annual independent breeding stock survey and benthic towed video transects. The work was undertaken at Dongara, Jurien Bay and Lancelin, Western Australia between 2005 and 2007. Abundance of western rock lobster was significantly but moderately related to benthic habitat (adjR2 = 0.28), with high abundances associated with high cover of mixed assemblage and Ecklonia sp. Size was effectively predicted by habitat (adjR2 = 0.65) with larger lobsters found in mixed assemblages with sponge and smaller lobsters associated with mixed assemblage with Ecklonia sp. Our study has shown that understanding the influence of habitat and fishing pressure on the abundance and size of targeted species is a critical step in the effective implementation of EBFM.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-10-2016
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 29-10-2021
DOI: 10.1071/MF21189
Abstract: Most freshwater fisheries occur in developing countries, where freshwater fish underpin local food security and small-scale fisheries livelihoods. Comprehensive catch data are fundamental to support the sustainable management of freshwater fisheries. However, freshwater catch data reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) on behalf of countries under-represent freshwater fisheries because they are dominated by fragmented and highly dispersed small-scale sectors, often with no designated landing sites. Kenya is an emerging economy with socioeconomically important freshwater fisheries and ongoing food security concerns. We undertook a reconstruction of freshwater fisheries catch data for Kenya for the period 1950–2017, aiming to improve the comprehensiveness of existing reported baseline data and to provide a more ecologically and spatially relevant time series dataset for research and management uses. We reconstructed catches for 16 major waterbodies in Kenya and found catches to be 32% higher than the data reported by the FAO on behalf of the country. The subsistence sector (small-scale, non-commercial, personal consumption) accounted for 71% of unreported catches, compared with 29% for artisanal sector catches (small-scale, commercial), suggesting that non-commercial catches for direct local consumption are substantially under-represented in nationally reported statistics and should receive greater attention to support sustainable food security in Kenya.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-2004
DOI: 10.1017/S003060530400081X
Abstract: Sea moths (family Pegasidae) are little-studied benthic fish, found throughout the Indo-Pacific. Two species of sea moths, Pegasus volitans and Eurypegasus draconis , are caught incidentally in illegal trawl gear in the Philippines and sold into the dried fish trade. Approximately 130,000–620,000 P. volitans and 130,000 E. draconis were landed off north-western Bohol alone in 1996. An additional 43,000–62,000 sea moths (predominantly P. volitans ) were caught live for the aquarium trade. Catch per unit effort for P. volitans was double that of E. draconis , probably because of its occurrence in shallower waters where fishing effort was concentrated. Sea moths may be unsuited for heavy exploitation as they occur at low densities. Moreover, a female-biased catch could lower the effective population size, given the reported monogamy amongst sea moths. No population data were available for a complete conservation assessment, although ers surveyed did report declines in their abundance.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1071/MF13130
Abstract: Assessments of incidental wildlife mortality resulting from fishing rarely account for unobserved by-catch. We assessed by-catch of protected and vulnerable wildlife species in an Australian trawl fishery by comparing in-trawl video footage with data collected by an on-board observer. Data were obtained from 44 commercial trawls with two different by-catch reduction devices (BRDs). Eighty-six in iduals from six major taxa (dolphins, sharks, rays, sea snakes, turtles and sygnathids) were documented from video analysis, including the endangered scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) and the critically endangered green sawfish (Pristis zijsron). On the basis of the 2008–2009 fishing effort of 4149 trawls and scaling from these results, we estimated the annual catch of protected and vulnerable species (± 1 s.e.) at 8109 ± 910 in iduals. Only 34% of by-catch was expelled through the BRDs. Independent observer data for the 44 trawls showed that 77% of the landed by-catch from these taxa were dead when discarded. The results indicate that unaccounted by-catch in trawl fisheries can be substantial, and that current methods of recording by-catch on-board vessels are likely to underestimate total fishing mortality. We recommend gear modifications and their validation through dedicated observer coverage, combined with in-trawl video camera deployments to improve current approaches to by-catch mitigation.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 03-2003
DOI: 10.1017/S0376892903000067
Abstract: Tropical moist forests in Africa are concentrated in the Congo Basin. A variety of animals in these forests, in particular mammals, are hunted for their meat, termed bushmeat. This paper investigates current and future trends of bushmeat protein, and non-bushmeat protein supply, for inhabitants of the main Congo Basin countries. Since most bushmeat is derived from forest mammals, published extraction ( E ) and production ( P ) estimates of mammal populations were used to calculate the per person protein supplied by these. Current bushmeat protein supply may range from 30 g person −1 day −1 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, to 180 g person −1 day −1 in Gabon. Future bushmeat protein supplies were predicted for the next 50 years by employing current E : P ratios, and controlling for known deforestation and population growth rates. At current exploitation rates, bushmeat protein supply would drop 81% in all countries in less than 50 years only three countries would be able to maintain a protein supply above the recommended daily requirement of 52 g person −1 day −1 . However, if bushmeat harvests were reduced to a sustainable level, all countries except Gabon would be dramatically affected by the loss of wild protein supply. The dependence on bushmeat protein is emphasized by the fact that four out of the five countries studied do not produce sufficient amounts of non-bushmeat protein to feed their populations. These findings imply that a significant number of forest mammals could become extinct relatively soon, and that protein malnutrition is likely to increase dramatically if food security in the region is not promptly resolved.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-04-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-08-2015
DOI: 10.1111/BRV.12130
Abstract: Despite being identified as a driver of mobile predator aggregations (hotspots) in both marine and terrestrial environments, topographic complexity has long remained a challenging concept for scientists to visualise and a difficult parameter to estimate. It is only with the advent of high-speed computers and the recent popularisation of geographical information systems (GIS) that terrain attributes have begun to be quantitatively measured in three-dimensional space and related to wildlife dynamics, making the well-established field of geomorphometry (or 'digital terrain modelling') a discipline of growing appeal to biologists. Although a erse array of numerical metrics is now available to describe the shape, geometry and physical properties of natural habitats, few of these are known to, or adequately used by, ecologists. In this review, we examine the nature and usage of 56 geomorphometrics extracted from the ecological modelling literature over a period of 32 years (1979-2011). We show that, in studies of mobile predators, numerous topographic variables have largely been overlooked in favour of single basic metrics that do not, on their own, fully capture the complexity of continuous landscapes. Based on a simulation approach, we assess the redundancy and correlation structure of these metrics and demonstrate that a majority are highly collinear. We highlight a suite of 7-8 complementary metrics which best explain topographic patterns across a bathymetric grid of the west Australian seafloor, and contend that field and analytical protocols should prioritise variables of these types, particularly when the responses of predator populations to physical habitat features are of interest. We suggest that prominent structures such as canyons, seamounts or mountain chains can serve as useful proxies for predator hotspots, especially in remote locations where access to high-resolution biological data is often limited.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.8496
Abstract: The decommissioning of offshore oil and gas platforms typically involves removing some or all of the associated infrastructure and the consequent destruction of the associated marine ecosystem that has developed over decades. There is increasing evidence of the important ecological role played by offshore platforms. Concepts such as novel ecosystems allow stakeholders to consider the ecological role played by each platform in the decommissioning process. This study focused on the Wandoo field in Northwest Australia as a case study for the application of the novel ecosystem concept to the decommissioning of offshore platforms. Stereo‐baited remote underwater video systems were used to assess the habitat composition and fish communities at Wandoo, as well as two control sites: a sandy one that resembled the Wandoo site pre‐installation, and one characterized by a natural reef as a control for natural hard substrate and vertical relief. We found denser macrobenthos habitat at the Wandoo site than at either of the control sites, which we attributed to the exclusion of seabed trawling around the Wandoo infrastructure. We also found that the demersal and pelagic taxonomic assemblages at Wandoo more closely resemble those at a natural reef than those which would likely have been present pre‐installation, but these assemblages are still unique in a regional context. The demersal assemblage is characterized by reef‐associated species with higher ersity than those at the sand control and natural reef control sites, with the pelagic community characterized by species associated with oil platforms in other regions. These findings suggest that a novel ecosystem has emerged in the Wandoo field. It is likely that many of the novel qualities of this ecosystem would be lost under decommissioning scenarios that involve partial or complete removal. This study provides an ex le for classifying offshore platforms as novel ecosystems.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 11-02-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-07-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10641-023-01437-7
Abstract: The silky shark ( Carcharhinus falciformi s) has experienced a significant population decline associated with intense targeted and incidental fishing pressure. Large marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly advocated for the conservation of oceanic species like silky sharks, recognising that the benefits of MPAs to such species depend on a comprehensive understanding of their distribution, abundance and life history. We combined mid-water stereo-baited remote underwater video system (BRUVS) records with environmental, geographic and anthropogenic variables to document the distribution and abundance of silky shark populations, identify the most important predictors of their presence, abundance and body size, and determine if their abundance is greater within MPAs than in locations not designated as MPAs. From 1418 deployments of mid-water BRUVS across three ocean basins, 945 silky sharks were identified at 18 locations, with young-of-year ( 87 cm TL) observed at four of these. Our study revealed generally low abundances of silky sharks as recorded on mid-water BRUVS across their cosmopolitan distribution, although our models identified seamounts as hotspots of abundance. Human pressure was a significant variable within our models, with proximity to human populations and ports being key drivers of silky shark abundance and body size. We did not observe a higher abundance of silky sharks inside MPAs compared to locations not designated as MPAs, suggesting that these MPAs have not been placed in areas where silky sharks remain relatively abundant. We therefore recommend expanding the current MPA network in line with the 30 × 30 initiative to more effectively protect key habitats such as seamounts.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-12-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-01-2017
DOI: 10.1111/COBI.12868
Abstract: Fishing and habitat degradation have increased the extinction risk of sharks, and conservation strategies recognize that survival of juveniles is critical for the effective management of shark populations. Despite the rapid expansion of marine protected areas (MPAs) globally, the paucity of shark-monitoring data on large scales (100s-1000s km) means that the effectiveness of MPAs in halting shark declines remains unclear. Using data collected by baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVS) in northwestern Australia, we developed generalized linear models to elucidate the ecological drivers of habitat suitability for juvenile sharks. We assessed occurrence patterns at the order and species levels. We included all juvenile sharks s led and the 3 most abundant species s led separately (grey reef [Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos], sandbar [Carcharhinus plumbeus], and whitetip reef sharks [Triaenodon obesus]). We predicted the occurrence of juvenile sharks across 490,515 km
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.1890/ES14-00380.1
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-12-2017
DOI: 10.1111/BRV.12246
Abstract: Tuna, billfish, and oceanic sharks [hereafter referred to as 'mobile oceanic fishes and sharks' (MOFS)] are characterised by conservative life-history strategies and highly migratory behaviour across large, transnational ranges. Intense exploitation over the past 65 years by a rapidly expanding high-seas fishing fleet has left many populations depleted, with consequences at the ecosystem level due to top-down control and trophic cascades. Despite increases in both CITES and IUCN Red Listings, the demographic trajectories of oceanic sharks and billfish are poorly quantified and resolved at geographic and population levels. Amongst MOFS trajectories, those of tunas are generally considered better understood, yet several populations remain either overfished or of unknown status. MOFS population trends and declines therefore remain contentious, partly due to challenges in deriving accurate abundance and biomass indices. Two major management strategies are currently recognised to address conservation issues surrounding MOFS: (i) internationally ratified legal frameworks and their associated regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs) and (ii) spatio-temporal fishery closures, including no-take marine protected areas (MPAs). In this context, we first review fishery-dependent studies relying on data derived from catch records and from material accessible through fishing extraction, under the umbrella of RFMO-administrated management. Challenges in interpreting catch statistics notwithstanding, we find that fishery-dependent studies have enhanced the accuracy of biomass indices and the management strategies they inform, by addressing biases in reporting and non-random effort, and predicting drivers of spatial variability across meso- and oceanic scales in order to inform stock assessments. By contrast and motivated by the increase in global MPA coverage restricting extractive activities, we then detail ways in which fishery-independent methods are increasingly improving and steering management by exploring facets of MOFS ecology thus far poorly grasped. Advances in telemetry are increasingly used to explore ontogenic and seasonal movements, and provide means to consider MOFS migration corridors and residency patterns. The characterisation of trophic relationships and prey distribution through biochemical analysis and hydro-acoustics surveys has enabled the tracking of dietary shifts and mapping of high-quality foraging grounds. We conclude that while a scientific framework is available to inform initial design and subsequent implementation of MPAs, there is a shortage in the capacity to answer basic but critical questions about MOFS ecology (who, when, where?) required to track populations non-extractively, thereby presenting a barrier to assessing empirically the performance of MPA-based management for MOFS. This s ling gap is exacerbated by the increased establishment of large (>10000 km
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 17-02-2017
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS11981
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-09-2011
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 30-06-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-08-2020
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.6621
Abstract: Spatial and temporal distribution of seabird transiting and foraging at sea is an important consideration for marine conservation planning. Using at‐sea observations of seabirds ( n = 317), collected during the breeding season from 2012 to 2016, we built boosted regression tree (BRT) models to identify relationships between numerically dominant seabird species (red‐footed booby, brown noddy, white tern, and wedge‐tailed shearwater), geomorphology, oceanographic variability, and climate oscillation in the Chagos Archipelago. We documented positive relationships between red‐footed booby and wedge‐tailed shearwater abundance with the strength in the Indian Ocean Dipole, as represented by the Dipole Mode Index (6.7% and 23.7% contribution, respectively). The abundance of red‐footed boobies, brown noddies, and white terns declined abruptly with greater distance to island (17.6%, 34.1%, and 41.1% contribution, respectively). We further quantified the effects of proximity to rat‐free and rat‐invaded islands on seabird distribution at sea and identified breaking point distribution thresholds. We detected areas of increased abundance at sea and habitat use‐age under a scenario where rats are eradicated from invaded nearby islands and recolonized by seabirds. Following rat eradication, abundance at sea of red‐footed booby, brown noddy, and white terns increased by 14%, 17%, and 3%, respectively, with no important increase detected for shearwaters. Our results have implication for seabird conservation and island restoration. Climate oscillations may cause shifts in seabird distribution, possibly through changes in regional productivity and prey distribution. Invasive species eradications and subsequent island recolonization can lead to greater access for seabirds to areas at sea, due to increased foraging or transiting through, potentially leading to distribution gains and increased competition. Our approach predicting distribution after successful eradications enables anticipatory threat mitigation in these areas, minimizing competition between colonies and thereby maximizing the risk of success and the conservation impact of eradication programs.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 27-01-2020
Publisher: PeerJ
Date: 17-04-2018
DOI: 10.7717/PEERJ.4566
Abstract: Reliable abundance estimates for species are fundamental in ecology, fisheries, and conservation. Consequently, predictive models able to provide reliable estimates for un- or poorly-surveyed locations would prove a valuable tool for management. Based on commonly used environmental and physical predictors, we developed predictive models of total fish abundance and of abundance by fish family for ten representative taxonomic families for the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) using multiple temporal scenarios. We then tested if models developed for the GBR (reference system) could predict fish abundances at Ningaloo Reef (NR target system), i.e., if these GBR models could be successfully transferred to NR. Models of abundance by fish family resulted in improved performance (e.g., 44.1% R 2 50.6% for Acanthuridae) compared to total fish abundance (9% R 2 18.6%). However, in contrast with previous transferability obtained for similar models for fish species richness from the GBR to NR, transferability for these fish abundance models was poor. When compared with observations of fish abundance collected in NR, our transferability results had low validation scores ( R 2 6%, p 0.05). High spatio-temporal variability of patterns in fish abundance at the family and population levels in both reef systems likely affected the transferability of these models. Inclusion of additional predictors with potential direct effects on abundance, such as local fishing effort or topographic complexity, may improve transferability of fish abundance models. However, observations of these local-scale predictors are often not available, and might thereby hinder studies on model transferability and its usefulness for conservation planning and management.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-02-2018
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.14083
Abstract: Entrainment of growth patterns of multiple species to single climatic drivers can lower ecosystem resilience and increase the risk of species extinction during stressful climatic events. However, predictions of the effects of climate change on the productivity and dynamics of marine fishes are h ered by a lack of historical data on growth patterns. We use otolith biochronologies to show that the strength of a boundary current, modulated by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, accounted for almost half of the shared variance in annual growth patterns of five of six species of tropical and temperate marine fishes across 23° of latitude (3000 km) in Western Australia. Stronger flow during La Niña years drove increased growth of five species, whereas weaker flow during El Niño years reduced growth. Our work is the first to link the growth patterns of multiple fishes with a single oceanographic/climate phenomenon at large spatial scales and across multiple climate zones, habitat types, trophic levels and depth ranges. Extreme La Niña and El Niño events are predicted to occur more frequently in the future and these are likely to have implications for these vulnerable ecosystems, such as a limited capacity of the marine taxa to recover from stressful climatic events.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 04-09-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-02-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-37145-X
Abstract: Reef sharks are vulnerable predators experiencing severe population declines mainly due to overexploitation. However, beyond direct exploitation, human activities can produce indirect or sub-lethal effects such as behavioral alterations. Such alterations are well known for terrestrial fauna but poorly documented for marine species. Using an extensive s ling of 367 stereo baited underwater videos systems, we show modifications in grey reef shark ( Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos ) occurrence and feeding behavior along a marked gradient of isolation from humans across the New Caledonian archipelago (South-Western Pacific). The probability of occurrence decreased by 68.9% between wilderness areas (more than 25 hours travel time from the capital city) and impacted areas while the few in iduals occurring in impacted areas exhibited cautious behavior. We also show that only large no-entry reserves (above 150 km²) can protect the behavior of grey reef sharks found in the wilderness. Influencing the fitness, human linked behavioral alterations should be taken into account for management strategies to ensure the persistence of populations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2004
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2021
DOI: 10.1002/ECS2.3423
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 11-01-2018
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS12426
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-11-2021
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 07-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-07-2014
DOI: 10.1111/ACV.12154
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-11-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-018-07118-9
Abstract: Marine fisheries are in crisis, requiring twice the fishing effort of the 1950s to catch the same quantity of fish, and with many fleets operating beyond economic or ecological sustainability. A possible consequence of diminishing returns in this race to fish is serious labour abuses, including modern slavery, which exploit vulnerable workers to reduce costs. Here, we use the Global Slavery Index (GSI), a national-level indicator, as a proxy for modern slavery and labour abuses in fisheries. GSI estimates and fisheries governance are correlated at the national level among the major fishing countries. Furthermore, countries having documented labour abuses at sea share key features, including higher levels of subsidised distant-water fishing and poor catch reporting. Further research into modern slavery in the fisheries sector is needed to better understand how the issue relates to overfishing and fisheries policy, as well as measures to reduce risk in these labour markets.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-01-2002
DOI: 10.1046/J.1523-1739.2002.00275.X
Abstract: Abstract: We calculated extraction and production rates of bushmeat species in two main tropical, moist‐forest regions, the Amazon and Congo basins. Extraction was estimated from the average number of animals consumed per person per year from anthropological studies that reported animal kills brought into settlements in the regions. We calculated extraction rates ( kg / km 2 /year) for 57 and 31 mammalian taxa in the Congo and Amazon, respectively. We then examined the sustainability of these extraction rates by basin and by taxa, using extraction‐to‐production ( E:P ) mass‐balance equations. Production (tonnes/year) was calculated as the product of r max (the intrinsic rate of natural increase), mammal biomass, and total area of forest in each region. Species exploitation rates at specific body masses were significantly greater in the Congo than in the Amazon. The E :P ratio for the Congo was 2.4, 30 times the Amazon's ratio of 0.081. Thus, Congo Basin mammals must annually produce approximately 93% of their body mass to balance current extraction rates, whereas Amazonian mammals must produce only 4% of their body mass. We calculated sustainability levels derived from Robinson and Redford's harvest model for each taxa. On a basin‐wide level, 60% and none of the mammal taxa in the Congo and Amazon basins, respectively, were exploited unsustainably. To evaluate the effect of error on the estimates of E :P , we conducted a sensitivity analysis, which suggests that the mass‐balance was most sensitive to error in standing stock but that our results are robust. We estimated that over 5 million tons of wild mammal meat feed millions in Neotropical (0.15 million) and Afrotropical (4.9 million) forests annually. Our Congo basin estimates are four times higher than those calculated for the region by other workers, and we conclude that the current situation of bushmeat extraction in African rain forests is more precarious than previously thought.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-12-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-12-2012
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/MF11205
Abstract: A major observed and predicted impact of climate change on marine species is the poleward shift in their distributions and the resulting changes in community structure. Here, we used a Dynamic Bioclimate Envelope Model to project range shift of exploited marine fishes and invertebrates in Western Australia. We combined published data and expert knowledge to predict current species distributions for 30 tropical, sub-tropical and temperate species that occur along the coast of Western Australia. Using outputs from both a Regional Oceanographic Model and a Global Circulation Model, we simulated change in the distribution of each species. Our study shows that under the SRES (Special Report for Emission Scenarios) A1B scenario, the median rate of distribution shift is around 19 km decade–1 towards higher latitudes and 9 m deeper decade–1 by 2055 relative to 2005. As a result, species gains and losses are expected along the south coast and north coast of Western Australia, respectively. Also, the coast of Western Australia is expected to experience a ‘tropicalisation’ of the marine community in the future, with increasing dominance of warmer-water species. Such changes in species assemblages may have large ecological and socio-economic implications through shifts in fishing grounds and unexpected trophic effects.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 03-08-2018
Abstract: Mapping reconstructed catches shows that subsidy-fuelled industrial fishing may have reached its spatial limit.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-03-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 10-04-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-06-2015
DOI: 10.1038/SREP10859
Abstract: Many marine fishes have life history strategies that involve ontogenetic changes in the use of coastal habitats. Such ontogenetic shifts may place these species at particular risk from climate change, because the successive environments they inhabit can differ in the type, frequency and severity of changes related to global warming. We used a dendrochronology approach to examine the physical and biological drivers of growth of adult and juvenile mangrove jack ( Lutjanus argentimaculatus ) from tropical north-western Australia. Juveniles of this species inhabit estuarine environments and adults reside on coastal reefs. The Niño-4 index, a measure of the status of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) had the highest correlation with adult growth chronologies, with La Niña years (characterised by warmer temperatures and lower salinities) having positive impacts on growth. Atmospheric and oceanographic phenomena operating at ocean-basin scales seem to be important correlates of the processes driving growth in local coastal habitats. Conversely, terrestrial factors influencing precipitation and river runoff were positively correlated with the growth of juveniles in estuaries. Our results show that the impacts of climate change on these two life history stages are likely to be different, with implications for resilience and management of populations.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2015
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 29-11-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-08-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-07751-2
Abstract: Tiger sharks were s led off the western (Ningaloo Reef, Shark Bay) and eastern (the Great Barrier Reef GBR, Queensland and New South Wales NSW) coastlines of Australia. Multiple tissues were collected from each shark to investigate the effects of location, size and sex of sharks on δ 13 C and δ 15 N stable isotopes among these locations. Isotopic composition of sharks s led in reef and seagrass habitats (Shark Bay, GBR) reflected seagrass-based food-webs, whereas at Ningaloo Reef analysis revealed a dietary transition between pelagic and seagrass food-webs. In temperate habitats off southern Queensland and NSW coasts, shark diets relied on pelagic food-webs. Tiger sharks occupied roles at the top of food-webs at Shark Bay and on the GBR, but not at Ningaloo Reef or off the coast of NSW. Composition of δ 13 C in tissues was influenced by body size and sex of sharks, in addition to residency and diet stability. This variability in stable isotopic composition of tissues is likely to be a result of adaptive foraging strategies that allow these sharks to exploit multiple shelf and offshore habitats. The trophic role of tiger sharks is therefore both context- and habitat-dependent, consistent with a generalist, opportunistic diet at the population level.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 11-06-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FMARS.2021.634599
Abstract: Bathymetric features such as islands and seamounts, as well as dynamic ocean features such as fronts often harbour rich marine communities. We deployed mid-water baited remote underwater video systems on three expeditions in Ascension Island’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), surveying the waters associated with six different bathymetric and dynamic ocean features: Ascension Island, two shallow seamounts (summits ≤ 101 m), one deeper seamount (summit & 250 m), apparent fronts, and haphazardly s led open ocean areas. At Ascension Island, the pelagic assemblage consisted of a moderate proportion of predators and a erse range of other taxa, including turtles, dolphins, and large non-piscivores. At the two shallow seamounts, sharks, tunas, billfish, and other large pelagic predators formed the vast majority of the assemblage, contributing & 99.9% of biomass and & 86% of abundance. At the deeper seamount, the pelagic community was comparatively depauperate, however the functional composition of its assemblage indicated some similarities to the shallow seamounts. Apparent fronts did not significantly differ from random offshore sites for metrics such as total abundance and taxonomic richness. However, they harboured assemblages with more abundant sharks, tunas, and large piscivores than random ocean open locations and these differences may be driven by certain front-associated species. Our results illustrate that pelagic assemblages vary markedly among different physical and oceanographic features and that seamounts appear particularly important for pelagic predators. The ersity and abundance of the assemblage, as well as the threatened status of many of the species observed, serve to highlight the conservation value of the Ascension Island EEZ. Our results also provide important baseline information of pelagic wildlife assemblages against which the performance of the recently implemented Ascension Island Marine Protected Area can be evaluated.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 07-12-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1002/ECS2.2879
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 27-04-2010
DOI: 10.3354/AB00235
Publisher: Marine Technology Society
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.4031/MTSJ.44.2.1
Abstract: Abstract Quantitative s ling of benthic communities is central to a wide range of ecological research, from understanding spatial distribution and ecology to impact studies. With the need to s le deep as well as shallow regions, limited s ling capabilities of er-based methods and the expanding footprint of human activity, there is a need for an effective system capable of classifying benthic assemblages and able to monitor potential anthropogenic impacts. Here we describe a remote system capable of collecting benthic photo-quadrats to depths of 100 m. A procedure for the classification of these images into 64 abiotic and biotic categories is also described. During a 64-day s ling program that included s ling at seven locations along 1,200 km of coastline that resulted in the collection of over 9,000 images, only one day of s ling was lost due to equipment malfunction, with 99.5% of points able to be classified to the taxonomic resolution required, demonstrating the reliability and accuracy of this system. Furthermore, the incorporation of differential GPS and ultra-short baseline positioning system allowed collected images to be geo-referenced to within 0.5 m. Such precision allows the system to be used in conjunction with hydroacoustic habitat mapping techniques and potentially for repeated monitoring of areas with a small spatial extent. Development of this system provides a cost-effective means of quantifying benthic assemblages over broad scales.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-09-2023
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 19-04-2017
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 23-04-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-01-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-10-2020
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 21-03-2016
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS11675
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 23-09-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-03-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12974-022-02432-Y
Abstract: Cigarette smoking (CS) is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The “spill-over” of pulmonary inflammation into the systemic circulation may damage the brain, leading to cognitive dysfunction. Cessation of CS can improve pulmonary and neurocognitive outcomes, however, its benefit on the neuroinflammatory profile remains uncertain. Here, we investigate how CS exposure impairs neurocognition and whether this can be reversed with CS cessation or an antioxidant treatment. Male BALB/c mice were exposed to CS (9 cigarettes/day for 8 weeks) followed by 4 weeks of CS cessation. Another cohort of CS-exposed mice were co-administrated with a glutathione peroxidase mimetic, ebselen (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (5% CM-cellulose). We assessed pulmonary inflammation, spatial and working memory, and the hippoc al microglial, oxidative and synaptic profiles. CS exposure increased lung inflammation which was reduced following CS cessation. CS caused spatial and working memory impairments which were attributed to hippoc al microglial activation and suppression of synaptophysin. CS cessation did not improve memory deficits or alter microglial activation. Ebselen completely prevented the CS-induced working and spatial memory impairments, which was associated with restored synaptophysin expression without altering microglial activation. We were able to model the CS-induced memory impairment and microglial activation seen in human COPD. The preventative effects of ebselen on memory impairment is likely to be dependent on a preserved synaptogenic profile. Cessation alone also appears to be insufficient in correcting the memory impairment, suggesting the importance of incorporating antioxidant therapy to help maximising the benefit of cessation.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 20-08-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-01-2002
DOI: 10.1046/J.1523-1739.2002.99562.X
Abstract: Abstract: Freshwater species and habitats are among the most threatened in the world. One way in which this growing conservation concern can be addressed is the creation of freshwater protected areas. Here, we present three strategies for freshwater protected‐area design and management: whole‐catchment management, natural‐flow maintenance, and exclusion of non‐native species. These strategies are based on the three primary threats to fresh waters: land‐use disturbances, altered hydrologies, and introduction of non‐native species. Each strategy draws from research in limnology and river and wetland ecology. Ideally, freshwater protected areas should be located in intact catchments, should have natural hydrological regimes, and should contain no non‐native species. Because optimal conservation conditions are often difficult to attain, we also suggest alternative management strategies, including multiple‐use modules, use of the river continuum concept, vegetated buffer strips, partial water discharges, and eradication of exotic species. Under some circumstances it may be possible to focus freshwater conservation efforts on two key zones: adjacent terrestrial areas and headwaters.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 02-07-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FMARS.2021.649123
Abstract: Ocean health is fundamental to human prosperity. However, fisheries exploitation, industrialization and climate change imperil our oceans. Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been established in coastal habitats since the 1970s and the ongoing monitoring of these MPAs has shown their general ecological and economic value. Demonstrable benefits can include bio ersity conservation, fisheries enhancement and climate resilience. Since the 2000s, large scale MPAs (LSMPAs) are increasingly established, with new parks including extensive areas of pelagic habitat. Seminal was the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) MPA created in 2010. In 2016, the United Kingdom Government established the Blue Belt Programme to provide long-term protection of the marine environment across the United Kingdom Overseas Territories and LSMPAs have now been established or designated in a number of these territories. However, empirical data for the Blue Belt LSMPAs are needed to test their effectiveness in conserving pelagic species and to allow managers to monitor and assess the LSMPAs based on the best available evidence. This Perspective presents current advances in video-based monitoring of pelagic wildlife and provides ex les of key ecological insights gained from their use that are relevant to LSMPA planning and management. We present a case study from the BIOT MPA and finally generalize with respect to key learning’s that will support planning and monitoring of LSMPAs within the Blue Belt Programme.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2015
DOI: 10.1111/CONL.12185
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 06-08-2019
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 25-09-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-05-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-03-2016
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.13239
Abstract: The effects of climate change are difficult to predict for many marine species because little is known of their response to climate variations in the past. However, long-term chronologies of growth, a variable that integrates multiple physical and biological factors, are now available for several marine taxa. These allow us to search for climate-driven synchrony in growth across multiple taxa and ecosystems, identifying the key processes driving biological responses at very large spatial scales. We hypothesized that in northwest (NW) Australia, a region that is predicted to be strongly influenced by climate change, the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon would be an important factor influencing the growth patterns of organisms in both marine and terrestrial environments. To test this idea, we analyzed existing growth chronologies of the marine fish Lutjanus argentimaculatus, the coral Porites spp. and the tree Callitris columellaris and developed a new chronology for another marine fish, Lethrinus nebulosus. Principal components analysis and linear model selection showed evidence of ENSO-driven synchrony in growth among all four taxa at interannual time scales, the first such result for the Southern Hemisphere. Rainfall, sea surface temperatures, and sea surface salinities, which are linked to the ENSO system, influenced the annual growth of fishes, trees, and corals. All four taxa had negative relationships with the Niño-4 index (a measure of ENSO status), with positive growth patterns occurring during strong La Niña years. This finding implies that future changes in the strength and frequency of ENSO events are likely to have major consequences for both marine and terrestrial taxa. Strong similarities in the growth patterns of fish and trees offer the possibility of using tree-ring chronologies, which span longer time periods than those of fish, to aid understanding of both historical and future responses of fish populations to climate variation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-10-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JDIACOMP.2015.11.004
Abstract: The adipocytokines leptin and adiponectin have been variously associated with diabetic microvascular complications. No comprehensive clinical data exist examining the association between adipocytokines and the presence of these complications. This is a systematic review of cross-sectional studies comparing circulating adipocytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with and without microvascular complications. Studies were retrieved from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane databases. Study quality was evaluated using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was performed using an inverse-variance model, providing standardised mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was determined by I(2) statistic. Amongst 554 identified studies, 28 were included in the review. Study quality range was 3.5-9 (maximum 11). Higher leptin levels were associated with microalbuminuria (SMD=0.41 95% CI=0.14-0.67 n=901 p=0.0003), macroalbuminuria (SMD=0.68 95% CI=0.30-1.06 n=406 p=0.0004), and neuropathy (SMD=0.26 95% CI=0.07-0.44 n=609 p=0.008). Higher adiponectin levels were associated with microalbuminuria (SMD=0.55 95% CI=0.29-0.81, n=274 p<0.001), macroalbuminuria (SMD=1.37 95% CI=0.78-1.97, n=246 p<0.00001), neuropathy (SMD=0.25 95% CI=0.14-0.36 n=1516 p<0.00001), and retinopathy (SMD=0.38 95% CI=0.25-0.51 n=1306 p<0.00001). Meta-regression suggested no influence of body mass index and duration of diabetes on effect size, and a weak trend in terms of age on effect size. Our meta-analysis suggests leptin and adiponectin levels are higher in T2DM patients with microvascular complications. Studies were limited by cross-sectional design. Large prospective analyses are required to validate these findings.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-03-2015
DOI: 10.1038/SREP09044
Abstract: The effects of climate change on predatory fishes in deep shelf areas are difficult to predict because complex processes may govern food availability and temperature at depth. We characterised the net impact of recent environmental changes on hapuku ( Polyprion oxygeneios ), an apex predator found in continental slope habitats ( m depth) by using dendrochronology techniques to develop a multi-decadal record of growth from otoliths. Fish were s led off temperate south-western Australia, a region strongly influenced by the Leeuwin Current, a poleward-flowing, eastern boundary current. The common variance among in idual growth records was relatively low (3.4%), but the otolith chronology was positively correlated (r = 0.61, p 0.02) with sea level at Fremantle, a proxy for the strength of the Leeuwin Current. The Leeuwin Current influences the primary productivity of shelf ecosystems, with a strong current favouring growth in hapuku. Leeuwin Current strength is predicted to decline under climate change models and this study provides evidence that associated productivity changes may flow through to higher trophic levels even in deep water habitats.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-07-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41597-019-0126-2
Abstract: Here we outline the genesis of Seamap Australia, which integrates spatial data of the seabed of Australia’s continental shelf (0–200 m depth) from multiple sources to provide a single national map layer of marine habitat. It is underpinned by a hierarchical classification scheme with registered vocabulary, enabling presentation of nationally consistent information at the highest resolution available for any point in space. The Seamap Australia website enables users to delineate particular areas of interest, overlay habitat maps with many other marine data layers, and to directly access the data and metadata underlying the maps they produce. This unique resource represents a step-change in capacity to access and integrate large and erse marine data holdings and to readily derive information and products to underpin decision making around marine spatial planning and conservation prioritisation, state-of-environment reporting, and research. It is a world first fully integrated national-scale marine mapping and data service.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-11-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-03-2019
Location: Australia
Start Date: 2022
End Date: 2023
Funder: National Geographic Society
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 03-2011
End Date: 03-2013
Amount: $97,984.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity