ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7069-8569
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Petroleum and Reservoir Engineering | Chemical Thermodynamics and Energetics | Heat and Mass Transfer Operations | Soil Sciences | Chemical Engineering Design | Carbon Capture Engineering (excl. Sequestration) | Resources Engineering and Extractive Metallurgy | Carbon Sequestration Science | Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural) | Chemical Engineering | Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Climate Change Mitigation Strategies | Energy Conservation and Efficiency not elsewhere classified | Oil and Gas Extraction | Climate Change Models | Management of Gaseous Waste from Energy Activities (excl. Greenhouse Gases) | Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Scientific Instruments | Expanding Knowledge in Engineering |
Related Links
Publications
High-Pressure Thermal Conductivity Measurements of a (Methane + Propane) Mixture with a Transient Hot-Wire Apparatus
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 30-01-2020
Characterization of Fluid-Phase Behavior Using an Advanced Microwave Re-Entrant Cavity
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-06-2020
Invited Article: Design techniques and noise properties of ultrastable cryogenically cooled sapphire-dielectric resonator oscillators
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 05-2008
DOI: 10.1063/1.2919944
Abstract: We review the techniques used in the design and construction of cryogenic sapphire oscillators at the University of Western Australia over the 18year history of the project. We describe the project from its beginnings when sapphire oscillators were first developed as low-noise transducers for gravitational wave detection. Specifically, we describe the techniques that were applied to the construction of an interrogation oscillator for the PHARAO Cs atomic clock in CNES, in Toulouse France, and to the 2006 construction of four high performance oscillators for use at NMIJ and NICT, in Japan, as well as a permanent secondary frequency standard for the laboratory at UWA. Fractional-frequency fluctuations below 6×10−16 at integration times between 10 and 200s have been repeatedly achieved.
Viscosity of a [xCH4 + (1 − x)C3H8] mixture with x = 0.8888 at temperatures between (203 and 424) K and pressures between (2 and 31) MPa
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Publisher’s Note: Rotating odd-parity Lorentz invariance test in electrodynamics [Phys. Rev. D80, 125024 (2009)]
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-01-2010
A resistive Q-switch for low-field NMR systems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMR.2017.12.006
Abstract: An NMR Q-switch was designed and constructed specifically for use with low-field NMR apparatus. This featured a comparatively simple resistive d ing design. It served to reduce the r.f. probe ring-down time, and hence reduced the signal acquisition delay from 25 ms to 9 ms, on an Earth's magnetic field NMR system. The advantage of this earlier acquisition was demonstrated for both an aqueous suspension of iron oxide particles and using an NMR flow meter.
Testing local position and fundamental constant invariance due to periodic gravitational and boost using long-term comparison of the SYRTE atomic fountains and H-masers
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 05-06-2013
Second generation 50 K dual-mode sapphire oscillator
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 02-2006
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2006.1593366
Abstract: Low-temperature, high-precision sapphire resonators exhibit a turning point in mode frequency-temperature dependence at around 10 K. This, along with sapphire's extremely low dielectric losses at microwave frequencies, results in oscillator fractional frequency stabilities on the order of 10(-15). At higher temperatures the lack of a turning point makes single-mode oscillators very sensitive to temperature fluctuations. By exciting two quasi-orthogonal whispering gallery (WG) modes in a single sapphire resonator, a turning point in the frequency-temperature dependence can be found in the beat frequency between the two modes. A temperature control technique based on mode frequency temperature dependence has been used to maintain the sapphire at this turning point and the fractional frequency instability of the beat frequency has been measured to be at a level of 4.3 X 10(-14) over 1 s, dropping to 3.5 X 10(-14) over 4 s integration time.
Comment on “Test of constancy of speed of light with rotating cryogenic optical resonators”
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 19-12-2005
Improved Methods for Gas Mixture Viscometry Using a Vibrating Wire Clamped at Both Ends
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-04-2014
DOI: 10.1021/JE500083N
Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Toluene from Speed-of-Sound Measurements at Temperatures from 283.15 K to 473.15 K and at Pressures up to 390 MPa
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-09-2021
NMR-Compatible Sample Cell for Gas Hydrate Studies in Porous Media
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-09-2020
Quantitative multiphase flow characterisation using an Earth's field NMR flow meter
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Viscosity of {xCO2+(1−x)CH4} with x=0.5174 for temperatures between (229 and 348)K and pressures between (1 and 32)MPa
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Two-phase oil/water flow measurement using an Earth’s field nuclear magnetic resonance flow meter
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
Designs of a microwave TE/sub 011/ mode cavity for a space borne H-maser
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 10-2005
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2005.1561619
Abstract: Method of Lines and Finite Element Analysis investigations have been performed to optimize parameters in a TE011 mode cavity resonator suitable for a spaceborne hydrogen maser. We report on designs that were explored to find a global maximum in the important design parameters for the microwave cavity used in a hydrogen maser. The criteria sought in this exercise were both the minimization of the total volume of the cavity and the maximization of the product of the z-component of the magnetic energy filling factor and the cavity TE011 mode Q-factor (Q.eta). Different configurations were studied. They were a sapphire tube in a copper cylinder, a sapphire tube in a copper cylinder with Bragg reflectors, and spherical copper cavities both empty and sapphire-lined on the inside cavity surface. At 320 K, the simulations resulted in an optimum product Q.eta = 4.9 x 10(4), with an inner cavity radius of 80 mm and unity aspect ratio. This represents a 54% improvement over an earlier design. The expected increase in the product Q . eta) with the inclusion of Bragg reflectors to the sapphire tube was not achieved. Moreover, the z-component of the magnetic energy filling factor was greatly reduced due to an increase in the radial magnetic field. The sapphire-lined spherical cavity showed no better performance than an equivalent-sized empty copper spherical cavity. For the empty cavity the simulations resulted in the product Q.eta = 4.4 x 10(4). The empty spherical cavity resonator is not suitable for the spaceborne hydrogen maser as the total volume in this case is 33% larger than that of the optimized sapphire tube resonator.
Hydrate nucleation and growth on water droplets acoustically-levitated in high-pressure natural gas
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9CP04403E
Abstract: We present the first quantitative measurements of hydrate formation probability, nucleation rate and growth on a water droplet suspended within a high pressure natural gas by acoustic levitation.
Viscosity of {xCH4 + (1 – x)C3H8} with x = 0.949 for Temperatures between (200 and 423) K and Pressures between (10 and 31) MPa
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1021/JE500857W
Application of Raman Spectroscopy for Sorption Analysis of Functionalized Porous Materials
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-01-2022
Abstract: Functionalized porous materials could play a key role in improving the efficiency of gas separation processes as required by applications such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) and across the hydrogen value chain. Due to the large number of different functionalizations, new experimental approaches are needed to determine if an adsorbent is suitable for a specific separation task. Here, it is shown for the first time that Raman spectroscopy is an efficient tool to characterize the adsorption capacity and selectivity of translucent functionalized porous materials at high pressures, whereby translucence is the precondition to study mass transport inside of a material. As a proof of function, the performance of three silica ionogels to separate an equimolar (hydrogen + carbon dioxide) gas mixture is determined by both accurate gravimetric sorption measurements and Raman spectroscopy, with the observed consistency establishing the latter as a novel measurement technique for the determination of adsorption capacity. These results encourage the use of the spectroscopic approach as a rapid screening method for translucent porous materials, particularly since only very small amounts of s le are required.
Improved constraints on isotropic shift and anisotropies of the speed of light using rotating cryogenic sapphire oscillators
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 05-10-2010
Quantitative velocity distributions via nuclear magnetic resonance flow metering
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMR.2016.06.008
Abstract: We demonstrate the use of Tikhonov regularisation as a data inversion technique to determine the velocity distributions of flowing liquid streams. Regularisation is applied to the signal produced by a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) flow measurement system consisting of a pre-polarising permanent magnet located upstream of an Earth's magnetic field NMR detection coil. A simple free induction decay (FID) NMR signal is measured for the flowing stream in what is effectively a 'time-of-flight' measurement. The FID signal is then modelled as a function of fluid velocity and acquisition time, enabling determination of the velocity probability distributions via regularisation. The mean values of these velocity distributions were successfully validated against in-line rotameters. The ability to quantify multi-modal velocity distributions was also demonstrated using a two-pipe system.
Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Clathrate Hydrate Formation in the Presence of Hydrophobized Particles
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-01-2016
Abstract: In the present work, Raman spectroscopy was used to study the structure of water molecules in the vicinity of glass particles with different hydrophobicity, immersed in water and in tetrahydrofuran and cyclopentane hydrates. The glass particle surfaces were clean (hydrophilic), coated with N,N-dimethyl-N-octadecyl-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilyl chloride (partially hydrophobic), or coated with octadecyltrichlorosilane (hydrophobic). The Raman spectra indicate that, prior to nucleation, water molecules in the vicinity of hydrophobic surfaces are more ice-like ordered than those in the bulk liquid or near either hydrophilic or partially hydrophobic surfaces. Furthermore, the degree of hydrogen-bond ordering of water observed prior to hydrate nucleation, as measured by the ratio of the inter- and intramolecular Raman OH bands, was found to have an inverse relationship with the mean induction time for hydrate formation. Following hydration formation, no significant difference in the water molecule structure was observed in the hydrate phase based on their Raman OH bands, irrespective of surface hydrophobicity. These observations made with Raman spectroscopy provide the foundations for a quantitative link between hydrate nucleation promotion and water-ordering near solid surfaces, which could enable direct comparisons with results from corresponding molecular dynamics simulations.
Rotating Resonator-Oscillator Experiments to Test Lorentz Invariance in Electrodynamics
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2006
Viscosity and Dew Point Measurements of {xCH4 + (1 – x)C4H10} for x = 0.9484 with a Vibrating-Wire Viscometer
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-10-2015
Gas Hydrate Formation Probability Distributions: The Effect of Shear and Comparisons with Nucleation Theory
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-02-2018
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.LANGMUIR.7B03901
Abstract: Gas hydrate formation is a stochastic phenomenon of considerable significance for any risk-based approach to flow assurance in the oil and gas industry. In principle, well-established results from nucleation theory offer the prospect of predictive models for hydrate formation probability in industrial production systems. In practice, however, heuristics are relied on when estimating formation risk for a given flowline subcooling or when quantifying kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) performance. Here, we present statistically significant measurements of formation probability distributions for natural gas hydrate systems under shear, which are quantitatively compared with theoretical predictions. Distributions with over 100 points were generated using low-mass, Peltier-cooled pressure cells, cycled in temperature between 40 and -5 °C at up to 2 K·min
A microwave sensor for detecting impurity freeze out in liquefied natural gas production
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Framework for In Situ Measurements of Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Using a Microwave Cavity Resonator
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10765-022-03098-7
Abstract: The ability to accurately predict the behavior of multiphase fluid mixtures underpins a broad range of industrial and scientific activity. Expanding the scope and improving the performance of predictive thermodynamic models relies on the availability of accurate experimental data for the complete phase behavior of the corresponding fluid mixtures. Here, we present a novel approach to in situ measurements of heterogeneous two-phase behavior in binary fluid mixtures using a single apparatus. A modified microwave re-entrant cavity apparatus is employed to simultaneously measure the dielectric properties of the liquid and vapor as well as the quality of each phase, based on the frequency shifts caused by a heterogeneous fluid for three independent resonant modes. We report a so far unique mathematical framework to further characterize the thermophysical properties of each phase along tie lines, determining the compositions of the coexisting vapor and liquid phase as well as the vapor and liquid phase densities within the two-phase region based on the Clausius–Mossotti relation between phase dielectric properties, density, and molar polarizability. The framework was validated by comparison of the measured and predicted properties of a (0.35 propane + 0.65 carbon dioxide) mixture throughout the two-phase region along an isothermal pathway at T = 280 K. These proof-of-concept results demonstrate for the first time that thermophysical properties of a binary mixture with a known overall composition can be determined from experiments with a microwave cavity using a synthetic approach.
Earth's field NMR flow meter: Preliminary quantitative measurements
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMR.2014.06.004
Abstract: In this paper we demonstrate the use of Earth's field NMR (EF NMR) combined with a pre-polarising permanent magnet for measuring fast fluid velocities. This time of flight measurement protocol has a considerable history in the literature here we demonstrate that it is quantitative when employing the Earth's magnetic field for signal detection. NMR signal intensities are measured as a function of flow rate (0-1m/s) and separation distance between the permanent magnet and the EF NMR signal detection. These data are quantitatively described by a flow model, ultimately featuring no free parameters, that accounts for NMR signal modulation due to residence time inside the pre-polarising magnet, between the pre-polarising magnet and the detection RF coil and inside the detection coil respectively. The methodology is subsequently demonstrated with a metallic pipe in the pre-polarising region.
Rotating odd-parity Lorentz invariance test in electrodynamics
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 22-12-2009
Insights into CO2-CH4 hydrate exchange in porous media using magnetic resonance
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Gas hydrate formation probability distributions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Optical frequency synthesis from a cryogenic microwave sapphire oscillator
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1364/OE.14.004316
Abstract: We demonstrate an optical frequency comb with fractional frequency instability of </=2x10(-14) at measurement times near 1 s, when the 10th harmonic of the comb spacing is controlled by a liquid helium cooled microwave sapphire oscillator. The frequency instability of the comb is estimated by comparing it to a cavity-stabilized optical oscillator. The less conventional approach of synthesizing low-noise optical signals from a microwave source is relevant when a laboratory has microwave sources with frequency stability superior to their optical counterparts. We describe the influence of high frequency environmental noise and how it impacts the phase-stabilized frequency comb performance at integration times less than 1 s.
Cryogenic sapphire oscillator with exceptionally high long-term frequency stability
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 13-11-2006
DOI: 10.1063/1.2387969
Abstract: The authors report on the development of a sapphire cryogenic microwave resonator oscillator with long-term fractional frequency stability of 2×10−17√τ for integration times τ& s and a negative drift of about 2.2×10−15∕day. The short-term frequency instability of the oscillator is highly reproducible and also state of the art: 5.6×10−16 for an integration time of τ≈20s.
Speed of sound and derived thermodynamic properties of para-xylene at temperatures between (306 and 448) K and at pressures up to 66 MPa
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Imaging of Cetylpyridinium Chloride Adsorption to a Solid Surface
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-10-2022
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.2C01929
Abstract: Surface active agents (surfactants) have found a variety of critical technological applications, from helping infant lungs breathe to fugitive dust control at industrial sites. Surfactant molecules adsorb to an interface and facilitate a decrease in the surface free energy (interfacial tension) between two immiscible phases. However, a limited number of methods (e.g., holography and fluorescence microscopy) achieved visualization of surfactant molecule distribution in multiphase systems qualitatively. To probe the efficacy and/or adsorption density of surfactants at such interfaces quantitatively, we demonstrate here a direct observation of surfactant adsorption by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). This work details the development of a research platform to study surfactant adsorption using Raman imaging. The imaging and analysis were successfully benchmarked against conventional interfacial tension measurements and thermodynamic theory employed to estimate surfactant adsorption at equilibrium. This in situ Raman-based experimental method provides a platform to interrogate structure-function relationships that inform the design process for new surfactant species.
Test of Lorentz Invariance in Electrodynamics Using Rotating Cryogenic Sapphire Microwave Oscillators
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 21-07-2005
Accurate High‐Pressure Measurements of Carbon Monoxide's Electrical Properties
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-02-2018
Abstract: Accurate measurements of carbon monoxide's electrical properties were carried out at high pressure for the first time enabling stringent comparisons with theoretical values calculated ab initio. Dielectric permittivity measurements were conducted utilising a microwave re-entrant cavity resonator over the temperature range from (255 to 313) K and at pressures up to 8 MPa with a relative combined expanded uncertainty (k=2) less than or equal to 52 ppm. The new data enable carbon monoxide's molar polarizability to be correlated within 0.5 %, significantly improving upon existing literature data, which have a relative scatter of about 10 %. The measured molecular polarizability and electric dipole moment of carbon monoxide were determined to be 2.176×10
Gas hydrate formation probability and growth rate as a function of kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) concentration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Generation of 103.75 GHz CW Source With $5.10^{-16}$ Frequency Instability Using Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillators
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 02-2012
Characterising thermally controlled CH4–CO2 hydrate exchange in unconsolidated sediments
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C8EE00139A
Abstract: Recovering methane (CH 4 ) via the injection of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into a CH 4 -hydrate-bearing reservoir is a highly attractive mechanism for meeting the world's future energy demand, since it offers the prospect of carbon-neutral energy production.
Improved test of Lorentz invariance in electrodynamics using rotating cryogenic sapphire oscillators
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 04-10-2006
Cavity bounds on higher-order lorentz-violating coefficients
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 03-05-2011
Single-Sided Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) for the Analysis of Skin Thickness and Collagen Structure in Scarred and Healthy Skin
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-08-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S00723-023-01588-X
Abstract: Monitoring of skin scar thickness and structural properties is desirable when assessing the efficacy of the healing process. In this work, we report the use of single-sided, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for the analysis of the thickness and collagen structure of healthy and scarred skin. Acquisition of T 2 relaxation profiles was proven to provide quantification of porcine skin thickness as accurate as standard histological techniques. Subsequent analysis of human participants highlighted the utility of this technique for identifying different types of scar and in identifying differences between the thickness of moderate hypertrophic scars and healthy skin. Using bead packings as a model system, determination of the surface-to-volume ( S / V ) ratio and tortuosity ( k ) was successfully measured on the single-sided apparatus based on time-resolved diffusion analysis. Application of this method to human skin was able to detect regional differences in collagen structures, consistent with qualitative expectations. It was also able to differentiate between healthy and scarred skin tissue. Preliminary results indicated that scarred tissue exhibited decreased S / V ratios and tortuosities, which is coherent with the formation of less-aligned collagen within scar tissue and indicated the potential for this technique to differentiate scar types. This novel application of single-sided low-field NMR has the potential to be deployed in clinical settings for the differentiation of scar types and for the assessment and monitoring of skin scarring and healing.
Accurate measurements of very small coupling coefficients of electromagnetic resonators at microwave frequencies
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 26-03-2004
Aqueous Solid Formation Kinetics in High-Pressure Methane at Trace Water Concentrations
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-03-2023
Measurements of solidification kinetics for benzene in methane at high pressures and cryogenic temperatures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Related Organisations
No related organisations have been discovered for Paul Stanwix.
Related Funding Activities
Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP170101108
Start Date: 04-2017
End Date: 06-2020
Amount: $391,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE140101094
Start Date: 04-2014
End Date: 03-2017
Amount: $395,220.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP190103538
Start Date: 02-2019
End Date: 12-2024
Amount: $420,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP200201020
Start Date: 10-2021
End Date: 10-2024
Amount: $450,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity