ORCID Profile
0000-0001-6458-0620
Current Organisations
Virginia Tech
,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 03-04-2018
Abstract: Understanding the association between autonomic nervous system [ANS] function and brain morphology across the lifespan provides important insights into neurovisceral mechanisms underlying health and disease. Resting state ANS activity, indexed by measures of heart rate [HR] and its variability [HRV] has been associated with brain morphology, particularly cortical thickness [CT]. While findings have been mixed regarding the anatomical distribution and direction of the associations, these inconsistencies may be due to sex and age differences in HR/HRV and CT. Previous studies have been limited by small s le sizes, which impede the assessment of sex differences and aging effects on the association between ANS function and CT. To overcome these limitations, 20 groups worldwide contributed data collected under similar protocols of CT assessment and HR/HRV recording to be pooled in a mega-analysis (N = 1,218 (50.5% female), mean age 36.7 years (range: 12-87)). Findings suggest that the decline in HRV with increasing age is related to a decline in prefrontal CT, particularly in the orbitofrontal cortex. These effects were independent of sex and specific to HRV with no significant association between CT and HR. Greater CT across the adult lifespan may be vital for the maintenance of healthy cardiac regulation via the ANS. Nonetheless, in the absence of longitudinal data, alternative explanations need to be considered. Findings reveal an important association between cortical thickness and cardiac parasympathetic activity with implications for healthy aging and longevity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.BPSC.2021.11.016
Abstract: Atypical activity in the salience network (SN) and default mode network (DMN) has been previously reported in in iduals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, no study to date has investigated the nature and dynamics of the interaction between these two networks in ASD. Here, we aimed to characterize the functional connectivity between the SN and the DMN by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange and comparing in iduals with ASD (n = 325) to a typically developing group (n = 356). We examined static and dynamic levels of functional connectivity using the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) seed as a core region of the DMN. We found that in iduals with ASD have higher mPFC connectivity with the insula, a core region of the SN, when compared with the typical development group. Moreover, the mPFC-insula coupling showed less variability in ASD compared with the typical development group. A novel semblance-based network dynamic analysis further confirmed that the strong mPFC-insula coupling in the ASD group reduced spontaneous attentional shift for possible external elements of the environment. Indeed, we found that excessive mPFC-insula coupling was significantly associated with a tendency for reduced social responsiveness. These findings suggest that the internally oriented cognition in in iduals with ASD may be due to excessive coupling between the DMN and the SN.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 03-07-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.02.450802
Abstract: During a challenge or emotional experience, increases in arousal help us focus on the most salient or relevant details and ignore distracting stimuli. The noradrenergic system integrates signals about arousal states throughout the brain and helps coordinate this adaptive attentional selectivity. However, age-related changes in the noradrenergic system and attention networks in the brain may reduce the efficiency of arousal to modulate selective processing in older adults. In the current neuroimaging study, we examined age differences in how arousal affects bottom-up attention to category-selective stimuli differing in perceptual salience. We found a dissociation in how arousal modulates selective processing in the young and older brain. In young adults, emotionally arousing sounds enhanced selective incidental memory and brain activity in the extrastriate body area for salient versus non-salient images of bodies. Older adults showed no such advantage in selective processing under arousal. These age differences could not be attributed to changes in the arousal response or less neural distinctiveness in old age. Rather, our results suggest that, relative to young adults, older adults become less effective at focusing on salient over non-salient details during increases in emotional arousal.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-10-2020
DOI: 10.1111/PSYP.13688
Abstract: Understanding the association between autonomic nervous system [ANS] function and brain morphology across the lifespan provides important insights into neurovisceral mechanisms underlying health and disease. Resting‐state ANS activity, indexed by measures of heart rate [HR] and its variability [HRV] has been associated with brain morphology, particularly cortical thickness [CT]. While findings have been mixed regarding the anatomical distribution and direction of the associations, these inconsistencies may be due to sex and age differences in HR/HRV and CT. Previous studies have been limited by small s le sizes, which impede the assessment of sex differences and aging effects on the association between ANS function and CT. To overcome these limitations, 20 groups worldwide contributed data collected under similar protocols of CT assessment and HR/HRV recording to be pooled in a mega‐analysis ( N = 1,218 (50.5% female), mean age 36.7 years (range: 12–87)). Findings suggest a decline in HRV as well as CT with increasing age. CT, particularly in the orbitofrontal cortex, explained additional variance in HRV, beyond the effects of aging. This pattern of results may suggest that the decline in HRV with increasing age is related to a decline in orbitofrontal CT. These effects were independent of sex and specific to HRV with no significant association between CT and HR. Greater CT across the adult lifespan may be vital for the maintenance of healthy cardiac regulation via the ANS—or greater cardiac vagal activity as indirectly reflected in HRV may slow brain atrophy. Findings reveal an important association between CT and cardiac parasympathetic activity with implications for healthy aging and longevity that should be studied further in longitudinal research.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUROBIOLAGING.2022.08.006
Abstract: The locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system integrates signals about arousal states throughout the brain and helps coordinate cognitive selectivity. However, age-related changes in this system may impact how arousal coordinates selectivity in older adults. To examine this, we compared how increases in emotional arousal modulates cognitive selectivity for images differing in perceptual salience in young and older adults. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that relative to older adults, hearing an arousing sound enhanced young adults' bottom-up processing and incidental memory for high versus low salience category-selective body images. We also examined how arousing sounds impacted a top-down goal to detect dot-probes that appeared immediately after high or low salience images. We found that young adults were slower to detect probes appearing after high salience body images on arousing trials, whereas older adults showed this pattern on non-arousing trials. Taken together, our findings show that arousal's effect on selectivity changes with age and differs across bottom-up and top-down processing.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Location: United States of America
Location: United States of America
No related grants have been discovered for Tae-Ho Lee.