ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8692-6493
Current Organisation
Monash University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics | Interdisciplinary Engineering | Turbulent Flows | Fluid mechanics and thermal engineering | Computational methods in fluid flow heat and mass transfer (incl. computational fluid dynamics) | Multiphysics flows (incl. multiphase and reacting flows) | Computational Fluid Dynamics | Powder and Particle Technology |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Respiratory System and Diseases (incl. Asthma) | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Medical and Health Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in Engineering | Management of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Manufacturing Activities
Related Links
Publications
X-ray radiography of cavitation in a beryllium alloy nozzle
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 17-01-2017
Experimental and Computational Investigation of Subcritical Near-Nozzle Spray Structure and Primary Atomization in the Engine Combustion Network Spray D
Publisher: SAE International
Date: 03-04-2018
DOI: 10.4271/2018-01-0277
String flash-boiling in gasoline direct injection simulations with transient needle motion
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Experimental investigation of nonlinear instabilities in annular liquid sheets
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-01-2012
DOI: 10.1017/JFM.2011.516
Abstract: The aerodynamically driven annular liquid sheet exhibits a complex nonlinear instability. Novel interfacial velocimetry experiments suggest that two distinct physical sources of instability may be present. The first is the well-known free shear layer instability, which is quasi-sinusoidal and nonlinear. The second is a distinct nonlinear rupturing instability, modulated on the previous one. It may be directly driving primary atomization. This instability has not been previously observed in isolation and is inherently nonlinear and non-sinusoidal. Novel application of Koopman analysis and the Hilbert transform permit investigation of these distinct instabilities. A greater understanding of the rupturing instability may lead to a better understanding of atomization phenomena.
Effect of turbulence on drop breakup in counter air flow
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
X-ray Diagnostics for Cavitating Nozzle Flow
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 03-12-2015
High-resolution large eddy simulations of cavitating gasoline–ethanol blends
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 15-10-2013
Abstract: Cavitation plays an important role in the formation of sprays in fuel injection systems. With the increasing use of gasoline–ethanol blends, there is a need to understand how changes in fluid properties due to the use of these fuels can alter cavitation behavior. Gasoline–ethanol blends are azeotropic mixtures whose properties are difficult to model. We have tabulated the thermodynamic properties of gasoline–ethanol blends using a method developed for flash-boiling simulations. The properties of neat gasoline and ethanol were obtained from National Institute of Standards and Technology REFPROP data, and blends from 0% to 85% ethanol by mass have been tabulated. We have undertaken high-resolution three-dimensional numerical simulations of cavitating flow in a 500-µm-diameter submerged nozzle using the in-house HRMFoam homogeneous relaxation model constructed from the OpenFOAM toolkit. The simulations are conducted at 1 MPa inlet pressure and atmospheric outlet pressure, corresponding to a cavitation number range of 1.066–1.084 and a Reynolds number range of 15,000–40,000. For the pure gasoline case, the numerical simulations are compared with synchrotron X-ray radiography measurements. Despite significant variation in the fluid properties, the distribution of cavitation vapor in the nozzle is relatively unaffected by the gasoline–ethanol ratio. The vapor remains attached to the nozzle wall, resulting in an unstable annular two-phase jet in the outlet. Including turbulence at the conditions studied does not significantly change mixing behavior, because the thermal nonequilibrium at the vapor–liquid interfaces acts to low-pass filter the turbulent fluctuations in both the nozzle boundary layer and jet mixing layer.
CFD and X-Ray Analysis of Gaseous Direct Injection from an Outward Opening Injector
Publisher: SAE International
Date: 05-04-2016
DOI: 10.4271/2016-01-0850
Revealing pMDI Spray Initial Conditions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-01-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S11095-017-2098-2
Abstract: Sprays from pressurised metered-dose inhalers are produced by a transient discharge of a multiphase mixture. Small length and short time scales have made the investigation of the governing processes difficult. Consequently, a deep understanding of the physical processes that govern atomisation and drug particle formation has been elusive. X-ray phase contrast imaging and quantitative radiography were used to reveal the internal flow structure and measure the time-variant nozzle exit mass density of 50 µL metered sprays of HFA134a, with and without ethanol cosolvent. Internal flow patterns were imaged at a magnification of 194 pixels/mm and 7759 frames per second with 150 ps temporal resolution. Spray projected mass was measured with temporal resolution of 1 ms and spatial resolution 6 µm × 5 µm. The flow upstream of the nozzle comprised large volumes of vapour at all times throughout the injection. The inclusion of ethanol prevented bubble coalescence, altering the internal flow structure and discharge. Radiography measurements confirmed that the nozzle exit area is dominantly occupied by vapour, with a peak liquid volume fraction of 13%. Vapour generation in pMDIs occurs upstream of the sump, and the dominant volume component in the nozzle exit orifice is vapour at all times in the injection. The flow in ethanol-containing pMDIs has a bubbly structure resulting in a comparatively stable discharge, whereas the binary structure of propellant-only flows results in unsteady discharge and the production of unrespirable liquid masses.
X-ray fluorescence measurements of dissolved gas and cavitation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-09-2016
Internal and near nozzle measurements of Engine Combustion Network “Spray G” gasoline direct injectors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
LES of Diesel and Gasoline Sprays with Validation against X-Ray Radiography Data
Publisher: SAE International
Date: 14-04-2015
DOI: 10.4271/2015-01-0931
X-Ray Radiography and CFD Studies of the Spray G Injector
Publisher: SAE International
Date: 05-04-2016
DOI: 10.4271/2016-01-0858
Numerical Investigation of Liquid Jet Breakup and Droplet Statistics with Comparison to X-ray Radiography
Publisher: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Date: 22-07-2016
DOI: 10.2514/6.2016-5096
Quantification of Shot-to-Shot Variation in Single Hole Diesel Injectors
Publisher: SAE International
Date: 14-04-2015
DOI: 10.4271/2015-01-0936
Linking instantaneous rate of injection to X-ray needle lift measurements for a direct-acting piezoelectric injector
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
X-Ray Radiography Measurements of the Thermal Energy in Spark Ignition Plasma at Variable Ambient Conditions
Publisher: SAE International
Date: 04-09-2017
DOI: 10.4271/2017-24-0178
TIME-RESOLVED X-RAY RADIOGRAPHY OF SPRAYS FROM ENGINE COMBUSTION NETWORK SPRAY A DIESEL INJECTORS
Publisher: Begell House
Date: 2014
Recent Developments in X-ray Diagnostics for Cavitation
Publisher: SAE International
Date: 14-04-2015
DOI: 10.4271/2015-01-0918
Investigation of wall-bounded turbulent flow using Dynamic mode decomposition
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 22-12-2011
X-RAY RADIOGRAPHY MEASUREMENTS OF CAVITATING NOZZLE FLOW
Publisher: Begell House
Date: 2013
Computational and Experimental Investigation of Interfacial Area in Near-Field Diesel Spray Simulation
Publisher: SAE International
Date: 28-03-2017
DOI: 10.4271/2017-01-0859
The growth of instabilities in annular liquid sheets
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Measurements of droplet size in shear-driven atomization using ultra-small angle x-ray scattering
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
An experimental investigation of gas fuel injection with X-ray radiography
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
High-resolution X-ray tomography of Engine Combustion Network diesel injectors
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 24-10-2017
Abstract: The flow inside direct-injection diesel nozzles is strongly influenced by the local geometry. Deviations from the design geometry and nonuniformities along the fuel’s flow path can alter the expected spray behavior. The influence of small-scale variations in the internal geometry is not well understood due to a lack of data available to experimentalists and modelers that resolve such features. To address the need for more accurate geometry measurements that also quantify the error bounds on manufacturing variability, the 7-BM beamline of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory has been customized to obtain high-resolution X-ray tomography of injection nozzles. In this article, we present results for several diesel injectors provided by the Engine Combustion Network. The imaging setup was optimized to measure dense metallic s les at high signal-to-noise ratio using projection imaging. To improve contrast, multiple images were recorded at each rotation angle. Phase shifting effects, which lify the uncertainty in locating nozzle boundaries, were minimized by reducing the propagation distance of the X-rays between the nozzle and detector. Such improvements to the imaging technique enabled the nozzle hole diameter to be measured with an accuracy of 1.8 µm, which takes into account the pixel resolution as well as the properties of the imaging setup and the geometric analysis. The high spatial resolution allows the nozzle hole inlet corner radius to be azimuthally resolved. For the s le set under consideration, these new measurements reveal that non-hydroground injectors have a distribution of radii which typically vary by more than a factor of two. An azimuthally varying radius of curvature at the hole inlet is expected to result in highly asymmetric cavitation. Skeletal wireframe models of the nozzle hole geometries suitable for computational fluid dynamics mesh generation have been developed, in addition to full three-dimensional isosurfaces these data have been made publicly available online.
A study on the relationship between internal nozzle geometry and injected mass distribution of eight ECN Spray G nozzles.
Publisher: Universitat Politècnica València
Date: 06-09-2017
DOI: 10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4766
Abstract: Gasoline direct injection (GDI) nozzles are manufactured to meet geometric specifications with length scales onthe order of a few hundred microns. The machining tolerances of these nominal dimensions are not always knowndue to the difficulty in accurately measuring such small length scales in a nonintrusive fashion. To gain insight intothe variability of the machined dimensions as well as any effects that this variability may have on the fuel spraybehavior, a series of measurements of the internal geometry and fuel mass distribution were performed on a set ofeight nominally duplicate GDI “Spray G” nozzles provided by the Engine Combustion Network. The key dimensionsof each of the eight nozzle holes were measured with micron resolution using full spectrum x-ray tomographicimaging at the 7-BM beamline of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. Fuel densitydistributions at 2 mm downstream of the nozzle tips were obtained by performing x-ray radiography measurementsfor many lines of sight. The density measurements reveal nozzle-to-nozzle as well as hole-to-hole density variations.The combination of high-resolution geometry and fuel distribution datasets allows spray phenomena to be linked tospecific geometric characteristics of the nozzle, such as variability in the hole lengths and counterbore diameters,and the hole inlet corner radii. This analysis provides important insight into which geometrical characteristics ofthe nozzles may have the greatest importance in the development of the injected sprays, and to what degreethese geometric variations might account for the total spray variability. The goal of this work is then to further theunderstanding of the relationship between internal nozzle geometry and fuel injection, provide input to improvecomputational models, and ultimately aid in optimizing injector design for higher fuel efficiency and lower emissionsengines.DOI: 0.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4766
Temporally and Spatially Resolved x-ray Fluorescence Measurements of in-situ Drug Concentration in Metered-Dose Inhaler Sprays
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-11-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S11095-015-1828-6
Abstract: Drug concentration measurements in MDI sprays are typically performed using particle filtration or laser scattering. These techniques are ineffective in proximity to the nozzle, making it difficult to determine how factors such as nozzle design will affect the precipitation of co-solvent droplets in solution-based MDIs, and the final particle distribution. In optical measurements, scattering from the constituents is difficult to separate. We present a novel technique to directly measure drug distribution. A focused x-ray beam was used to stimulate x-ray fluorescence from the bromine in a solution containing 85% HFA, 15% ethanol co-solvent, and 1 [Formula: see text] / [Formula: see text] IPBr. Instantaneous concentration measurements were obtained with 1 ms temporal resolution and 5 [Formula: see text] spatial resolution, providing information in a region that is inaccessible to many other diagnostics. The drug remains homogeneously mixed over time, but was found to be higher at the centerline than at the periphery. This may have implications for oropharyngeal deposition in vivo. Measurements in the dynamic, turbulent region of MDIs allow us to understand the physical links between formulation, inspiration, and geometry on final particle size and distribution. This will ultimately lead to a better understanding of how MDI design can be improved to enhance respirable fraction.
A low-cost high-speed CMOS camera for scientific imaging
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-06-2019
A computational fluid dynamics assessment of 3D printed ventilator splitters and restrictors for differential multi-patient ventilation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-01-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S41205-021-00129-1
Abstract: The global pandemic of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has led to global shortages of ventilators and accessories. One solution to this problem is to split ventilators between multiple patients, which poses the difficulty of treating two patients with dissimilar ventilation needs. A proposed solution to this problem is the use of 3D-printed flow splitters and restrictors. There is little data available on the reliability of such devices and how the use of different 3D printing methods might affect their performance. We performed flow resistance measurements on 30 different 3D-printed restrictor designs produced using a range of fused deposition modelling and stereolithography printers and materials, from consumer grade printers using polylactic acid filament to professional printers using surgical resin. We compared their performance to novel computational fluid dynamics models driven by empirical ventilator flow rate data. This indicates the ideal performance of a part that matches the computer model. The 3D-printed restrictors varied considerably between printers and materials to a sufficient degree that would make them unsafe for clinical use without in idual testing. This occurs because the interior surface of the restrictor is rough and has a reduced nominal average diameter when compared to the computer model. However, we have also shown that with careful calibration it is possible to tune the end-inspiratory (tidal) volume by titrating the inspiratory time on the ventilator. Computer simulations of differential multi patient ventilation indicate that the use of 3D-printed flow splitters is viable. However, in situ testing indicates that using 3D printers to produce flow restricting orifices is not recommended, as the flow resistance can deviate significantly from expected values depending on the type of printer used. Not applicable.
A comparison of subpixel edge detection and correlation algorithms for the measurement of sprays
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2011
Abstract: Optical diagnostic techniques are commonly used to observe the breakup of dense sprays. In order to extract quantitative data from such images, edge detection algorithms have commonly been used. However, correlation image velocimetry techniques are now also becoming available for such applications. An empirical comparison between these two techniques is demonstrated for the high-speed velocimetry of the breakup of an annular air-assisted spray. A threshold based sub-pixel interpolating edge detection algorithm is employed. Both real and synthetic images are used to determine the sensitivity of the error in these techniques to changes in both image noise and defocus, the two leading causes of information loss. It is demonstrated that correlation image velocimetry techniques are generally superior in precision and accuracy as compared to edge detection techniques for the application of spray velocimetry within a reasonable parameter space of noise and defocus.
Time-Resolved X-Ray Radiography of Spark Ignition Plasma
Publisher: SAE International
Date: 05-04-2016
DOI: 10.4271/2016-01-0640
Volatile propellant droplet evaporation measurements in metered dose inhaler sprays
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-10-2023
Time-resolved X-ray Tomography of Gasoline Direct Injection Sprays
Publisher: SAE International
Date: 09-2015
DOI: 10.4271/2015-01-1873
Measuring shear layer growth rates in aeroacoustically forced axisymmetric supersonic jets
Publisher: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Date: 18-06-2015
DOI: 10.2514/6.2015-2834
X-ray Imaging of Cavitation in Diesel Injectors
Publisher: SAE International
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.4271/2014-01-1404
An error analysis of the dynamic mode decomposition
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-12-2012
Hard X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy of high pressure cavitating fluids in aluminum nozzles
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
An Examination of Spray Stochastics in Single-Hole Diesel Injectors
Publisher: SAE International
Date: 09-2015
DOI: 10.4271/2015-01-1834
Waves in screeching jets
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 22-02-2021
Insights into Spray Development from Metered-Dose Inhalers Through Quantitative X-ray Radiography
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-02-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S11095-016-1869-5
Abstract: Typical methods to study pMDI sprays employ particle sizing or visible light diagnostics, which suffer in regions of high spray density. X-ray techniques can be applied to pharmaceutical sprays to obtain information unattainable by conventional particle sizing and light-based techniques. We present a technique for obtaining quantitative measurements of spray density in pMDI sprays. A monochromatic focused X-ray beam was used to perform quantitative radiography measurements in the near-nozzle region and plume of HFA-propelled sprays. Measurements were obtained with a temporal resolution of 0.184 ms and spatial resolution of 5 μm. Steady flow conditions were reached after around 30 ms for the formulations examined with the spray device used. Spray evolution was affected by the inclusion of ethanol in the formulation and unaffected by the inclusion of 0.1% drug by weight. Estimation of the nozzle exit density showed that vapour is likely to dominate the flow leaving the inhaler nozzle during steady flow. Quantitative measurements in pMDI sprays allow the determination of nozzle exit conditions that are difficult to obtain experimentally by other means. Measurements of these nozzle exit conditions can improve understanding of the atomization mechanisms responsible for pMDI spray droplet and particle formation.
A cross-correlation velocimetry technique for breakup of an annular liquid sheet
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-01-2010
Spray flow structure from twin-hole diesel injector nozzles
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
A novel high-speed imaging technique to predict the macroscopic spray characteristics of solution based pressurised metered dose inhalers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-06-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S11095-014-1391-6
Abstract: Non-volatile agents such as glycerol are being introduced into solution-based pMDI formulations in order to control mean precipitant droplet size. To assess their biopharmaceutical efficacy, both microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of the plume must be known, including the effects of external factors such as the flow generated by the patient's inhalation. We test the hypothesis that the macroscopic properties (e.g. spray geometry) of a pMDI spray can be predicted using a self-similarity model, avoiding the need for repeated testing. Glycerol-containing and glycerol-free pMDI formulations with matched mass median aerodynamic diameters are investigated. High-speed schlieren imaging is used to extract time-resolved velocity, penetration and spreading angle measurements of the pMDI spray plume. The experimental data are used to validate the analytical model. The pMDI spray develops in a manner characteristic of a fully-developed steady turbulent jet, supporting the hypothesis. Equivalent glycerol-containing and non glycerol-containing formulations exhibit similar non-dimensional growth rates and follow a self-similar scaling behaviour over a range of physiologically relevant co-flow rates. Using the proposed model, the mean leading edge penetration, velocity and spreading rate of a pMDI spray may be estimated a priori for any co-flow conditions. The effects of different formulations are captured in two scaling constants. This allows formulators to predict the effects of variation between pMDIs without the need for repeated testing. Ultimately, this approach will allow pharmaceutical scientists to rapidly test a number of variables during pMDI development.
High-Resolution X-Ray and Neutron Computed Tomography of an Engine Combustion Network Spray G Gasoline Injector
Publisher: SAE International
Date: 28-03-2017
DOI: 10.4271/2017-01-0824
EFFECTS OF NONCONDENSABLE GAS ON CAVITATING NOZZLES
Publisher: Begell House
Date: 2015
Related Organisations
Related Funding Activities
Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP200102016
Start Date: 12-2020
End Date: 12-2023
Amount: $185,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP160101845
Start Date: 08-2017
End Date: 11-2021
Amount: $360,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP190100938
Start Date: 06-2021
End Date: 02-2024
Amount: $450,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP230100154
Start Date: 2023
End Date: 12-2025
Amount: $430,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE170100018
Start Date: 03-2017
End Date: 09-2020
Amount: $362,441.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity