ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1282-992X
Current Organisation
University of Melbourne
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Structural Engineering | Civil Engineering | Structural engineering | Civil engineering | Construction Materials | Building | Quantity Surveying | Mechanical Engineering | Numerical Modelling and Mechanical Characterisation | Biomechanics | Infrastructure engineering and asset management | Numerical modelling and mechanical characterisation | Composite and hybrid materials
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Cement and Concrete Materials | Civil Construction Design | Cement Products and Concrete Materials | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in Engineering | Management of Solid Waste from Manufacturing Activities | Expanding Knowledge in Built Environment and Design |
Related Links
Publications
Development of numerical model-based machine learning algorithms for different healing stages of distal radius fracture healing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Environment management of hydropower development: A case study
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-04-2021
DOI: 10.3390/EN14072029
Abstract: Environment management is one of the key aspects of hydropower development in acquiring sustainable energy. However, there has been limited research demonstrating the overall aspects of environment management of hydropower development with support of sound empirical evidence. In present study, the status of environment management in hydropower development was comprehensively investigated by conducting a case study based on the data collected from a field survey. The results show that, as environment management is largely subject to legal requirements, the environment management system needs to be established by integrating the legal requirements and needs of project implementation. This could potentially reduce the influence of legal restrictions on hydropower development. The main hydropower project environment management processes include identifying key environmental factors, implementation, monitoring, and performance measurement, which deal with environmental issues such as terrestrial and aquatic ecology protection, wastewater treatment, solid waste disposal, and acoustic-environment protection. Project participants should establish partnering relationships to cooperatively deal with environmental impacts of hydropower project development, in which public participation and sufficient resources input into environmental protection are essential for project success. The results of this study provide a sound basis for participants to deal with the key issues of environmental protection such as meeting legal requirements, training for improving environment management process, cost control, and cooperative environment management. The results of this study could help practitioners to tackle the interactions among project delivery, environmental protection, and engagement of local communities in an optimized way with the aim of maximizing effectiveness of the resources of all participants.
Reliability analysis for disaster waste management systems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Role of moveable guide vane with various configurations in controlling the vortex-induced vibration of twin-box girder suspension bridges: An experimental investigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Cartilage Tissue Homeostasis
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 20-11-2018
Introduction to Articular Cartilage
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 20-11-2018
Machine learning-driven evaluation and optimisation of compression yielded FRP-reinforced concrete beam with T section
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Osmotic Pressure, Solid Stress, and the Diffuse Double Layer
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 20-11-2018
A Systems Approach to Articular Cartilage
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 20-11-2018
Characterization of Articular Cartilage Recovery and Its Correlation with Optical Response in the Near-Infrared Spectral Range
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-08-2016
Abstract: In this study, we examine the capacity of a new parameter, based on the recovery response of articular cartilage, to distinguish between healthy and damaged tissues. We also investigate whether or not this new parameter correlates with the near-infrared (NIR) optical response of articular cartilage. Normal and artificially degenerated (proteoglycan-depleted) bovine cartilage s les were nondestructively probed using NIR spectroscopy. Subsequently they were subjected to a load and unloading protocol, and the recovery response was logged during unloading. The recovery parameter, elastic rebound ( E R ), is based on the strain energy released as the s les underwent instantaneous elastic recovery. Our results reveal positive relationship between the rebound parameter and cartilage proteoglycan content (normal s les: 2.20 ± 0.10 N mm proteoglycan-depleted s les: 0.50 ± 0.04 N mm for 1 hour of enzymatic treatment and 0.13 ± 0.02 N mm for 4 hours of enzymatic treatment). In addition, multivariate analysis using partial least squares regression was employed to investigate the relationship between E R and NIR spectral data. The results reveal significantly high correlation ( R 2 cal = 98.35% and R 2 val = 79.87% P 0.0001), with relatively low error (14%), between the recovery and optical response of cartilage in the combined NIR regions 5,450 to 6,100 cm −1 and 7,500 to 12,500 cm −1 . We conclude that E R can indicate the mechanical condition and state of health of articular cartilage. The correlation of E R with cartilage optical response in the NIR range could facilitate real-time evaluation of the tissue’s integrity during arthroscopic surgery and could also provide an important tool for cartilage assessment in tissue engineering and regeneration research.
Lubrication, Friction, and Wear in Diarthrodial Joints
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 20-11-2018
Cartilage Tissue Dynamics
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 20-11-2018
Infrared thermography detection of delamination in bottom of concrete bridge decks
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 13-11-2021
DOI: 10.1002/STC.2886
Sensitivity Analysis of Geometrical Parameters on the Aerodynamic Performance of Closed-Box Girder Bridges
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-06-0009
DOI: 10.3390/S18072053
Probabilistic modelling of Hertzian fracture of glass by flying objects impact in bad weather
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
The investigation of fluid flow in cartilage contact gap
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMBBM.2019.04.008
Abstract: Synovial fluid flow in articular joint capsule plays an important role during mixed mode lubrication. However, the actual fluid flow behaviour during cartilage contact has not been fully understood so far. This is due to the difficulties in measuring the gap permeability using conventional experimental techniques. The problem becomes further complicated with consideration of the cartilage surface roughness. Here a validated numerical study was developed to quantify the gap permeability of lateral synovial fluid flow. Both macro- and micro-scale gap flow models were created based on Darcy's law at the macro-scale and the Navier-stokes equation at the micro-scale. To generate model inputs, the cartilage topography was numerically synthesised based on the experimental measurements of bovine medial tibia cartilage surface roughness using Dektak Stylus Profilers. The experimental results show that the average roughness height R
Reliability Analysis of Bus Timetabling Strategy during the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Case Study of Yixing, China
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 15-02-2021
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6688236
Abstract: How to meet the daily demand for resident transport while limiting the transmission of infectious diseases is a problem of social responsibility of urban transport systems during major public health emergencies. Considering the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic (COVID-19), a bus timetable system based on the “if early, wait, and if late, leave soon” strategy is proposed. Based on public transport vehicle constraints in this system, the concept of reliability is introduced to evaluate public transport timetable systems, and a model based on an event tree is built to calculate the failure rate of urban bus timetables. Then, the public transport situation in Yixing city is used as an ex le to perform confirmatory analysis, and the fluctuations in the reliability of the bus timetable during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic are discussed. The research results show that the method proposed in this paper can obtain the overall failure rate of urban bus timetable by traversing the calculation of each round-trip interval and achieve an accurate evaluation of the reliability of bus timetables. During the early, middle, and more recent stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, the failure rate of bus timetables in Yixing city initially decreased and then increased. In the early stage of the outbreak, the failure rate of the Yixing bus timetable was 7.8142. However, the failure rate decreased to 4.3306 and 5.0160 in the middle and late stages of the epidemic, respectively. In other words, the failure rate of the public transport network in the middle and late stages decreased by 44.58% and 35.81%, respectively, compared with that in the early stage. Thus, during major health emergencies, such as the novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak, the reliability of the urban bus timetable system can be improved by at least 35%, and cross-infection at bus stations can be prevented. The research results verify the feasibility and reliability of the implementation of bus timetabling strategies during major health emergencies.
Flutter characteristics of twin-box girder bridges with vertical central stabilizers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Experiments on an ice ball impacting onto a rigid target
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Thermal Transfer Effects of CRTS II Slab Track Under Various Meteorological Conditions
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_2
Abstract: With the evolution of climate change, the thermal transfer effects of ballastless track in high-speed railways under complicated environmental conditions becomes increasingly important, governed by a number of meteorological factors, including solar radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed and direction, humidity, and many others (Matias SR, Ferreira PA, Constr Build Mater 322:126445, 2022).
Nonlinear Wind-Induced Vibration Behaviors of Multi-tower Suspension Bridges Under Strong Wind Conditions
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_1
Abstract: The aerodynamic characteristics of a multispan suspension bridge differ from those of a two-span suspension bridge. In this study we investigated the nonlinear aerodynamic characteristics of the Maanshan Bridge under nonstationary flow using combination quasi-3D finite element (FE) bridge models of 2D nonlinear aerodynamic force models and 3D nonlinear FE bridge models. The developed model predictions were validated by wind tunnel tests involving a 2D sectional stiffness model and 3D full-bridge aeroelastic model. Results showed that the developed model could potentially describe the nonlinear and unsteady aerodynamic effects on the bridge. Furthermore, the flutter behavior of the Maanshan Bridge under uniform flow changed from the stable limit cycle of soft flutter to unstable limit cycle with the disconnection of two hangers at the 1/2L of the right main span, while the flutter behavior of the bridge under turbulence flow could be defined as the fracture failure of the hangers from the 1/2L of the left main span.
Impact response of inclined self-weighted functionally graded porous beams reinforced by graphene platelets
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Theory for Modeling Articular Cartilage
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 20-11-2018
Simple hand calculation method for estimating deflection generated by the low velocity impact of a solid object
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2014
Interaction effect of room opening and air inlet on solar chimney performance
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Role of Dynamic Loading on Early Stage of Bone Fracture Healing
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-07-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S10439-018-2083-X
Abstract: After fracture, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and growth factors migrate into the fracture callus to exert their biological actions. Previous studies have indicated that dynamic loading induced tissue deformation and interstitial fluid flow could produce a biomechanical environment which significantly affects the healing outcomes. However, the fundamental relationship between the various loading regimes and different healing outcomes has not still been fully understood. In this study, we present an integrated computational model to investigate the effect of dynamic loading on early stage of bone fracture healing. The model takes into account cell and growth factor transport under dynamic loading, and mechanical stimuli mediated MSC differentiation and tissue production. The developed model was firstly validated by the available experimental data, and then implemented to identify the loading regimes that produce the optimal healing outcomes. Our results demonstrated that dynamic loading enhances MSC and growth factor transport in a spatially dependent manner. For ex le, compared to free diffusion, dynamic loading could significantly increase MSCs concentration in endosteal zone and chondrogenic growth factors in both cortical and periosteal zones in callus. Furthermore, there could be an optimal dynamic loading regime (e.g. 10% strain at 1 Hz) which could potentially significant enhance endochondral ossification.
Influences of variability and uncertainty in vertical and horizontal surface roughness on articular cartilage lubrication
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.COMPBIOMED.2022.105904
Abstract: Cartilage surface roughness has significant implications on joint lubrication. However, the effects of the variability in surface roughness in different directions (especially in horizontal direction) in mixed-mode lubrication have not been fully investigated and relevant research work in this field is limited. This study presents a probabilistic numerical approach to investigate the influence of variability and uncertainty of Root-Mean-Square (RMS) roughness heights (vertical roughness) and roughness correlation lengths (horizontal roughness) on cartilage lubrication. The synthetic surface topographies with typical ranges of vertical and horizontal roughness characteristics were firstly input to a coupled cartilage contact model. A response surface was then constructed using the input roughness parameters and the output coefficient of friction (CoF). Finally, a large number of independent or correlated roughness s les were generated for computing the probability of mixed-mode lubrication failure (PoF), which was defined as CoF > 0.27 (corresponding to a 90% loss of fluid support in the contact interface). Both independent RMS roughness heights and correlation lengths are correlated positively with CoF. This indicates that the increase of the vertical surface roughness could exacerbate cartilage wear, whereas increasing surface roughness in horizontal direction (i.e., reducing correlation lengths) could retain gap fluid that aids mixed-mode lubrication. Importantly, it shows that CoF is dominant by RMS roughness height. The uncertainty in the independent correlation lengths may lead to the underestimation of PoF. By simulating osteoarthritic surface roughness with a strong correlation between RMS roughness heights and correlation lengths, the value of PoF could reach 70-99%. This study highlights the significance of incorporating the mutual relations between the surface roughness in vertical and horizontal directions into research, and the findings could potentially contribute to the design of biomimetic cartilage surfaces for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Effect of interfacial transition zone on the transport of sulfate ions in concrete
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Solute transport in cartilage undergoing cyclic deformation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2007
DOI: 10.1080/10255840701309163
Abstract: There are no blood vessels in cartilage to transport nutrients and growth factors to chondrocytes dispersed throughout the cartilage matrix. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a large molecule with an important role in cartilage growth and metabolism, however, it first must reach the chondrocytes to exert its effect. While diffusion of IGF-I through cartilage is possible, it has been speculated that cyclic loading can enhance the rate of solute transport within cartilage. To better understand this process, here a one-dimensional axisymmetric mathematical model is developed to examine the transport of solutes through a cylindrical plug of cartilage undergoing cyclic axial deformation in the range of 10(-3) -1 Hz. This study has revealed the role of timescales in interpreting transport results in cartilage. It is shown that dynamic strains can either enhance or inhibit IGF-I transport at small timescales (< 20 min after onset of loading), depending on loading frequency. However, on longer timescales it is found that dynamic loading has negligible effect on IGF-I transport. Most importantly, in all cases examined the steady state IGF-I concentration did not exceed the fixed boundary value, in contrast to the predictions of Mauk et al. (2003).
Disaster waste clean‑up system performance subject to time-dependent disaster waste accumulation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-12-2018
Articular cartilage dynamics
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2018
The status and challenges of replicating the mechanical properties of connective tissues using additive manufacturing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
A coupled contact model of cartilage lubrication in the mixed-mode regime under static compression
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Robot-assisted weight-bearing exercise for stroke patients with limited mobility
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-12-2019
Abstract: Weight-bearing exercise is a well-accepted physiotherapy to prevent osteoporosis for stroke patients. But the immobility of stroke patients limits the types and intensity of conventional interventions. Recent advances in robot-assisted therapeutic device provide an innovative way which could potentially overcome the above-mentioned limitations. However, the effects of robot-assisted physiotherapy on osteoporosis prevention have not been fully understood. The purpose of the present study is to develop an innovative theoretical framework to investigate the effects of static robot-assisted walking exercise on bone health. Through conducting a series of studies using a robot, force insoles and CT-image-based computational modeling, our results show that robot-assisted walking can significantly reduce the osteoporosis risk for stroke patients. However, the vertical peak ground reaction forces generated from static robot walking is generally lower than that from treadmill walking due to the fact that there are no heel strike and push-off effects in static robotic walking.
MULTI-MODALITY ANALYSIS OF A 3D PRINTED BIOCOMPATIABLE POLYMER SCAFFOLD
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Microscale failure analysis of the ultra-high-performance polypropylene fibre reinforced concrete panel subjected to high thermal loading induced by fire exposure
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Engineering Reliability-Based Condition Assessment for Stay Cables Using Non-Destructive Interferometric Radar
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
Date: 19-10-2023
Strengthening RC square columns with UHP-ECC section curvilinearization and FRP confinement: Concept and axial compression tests
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Influence of muscle loading on early-stage bone fracture healing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Characteristics and mechanism of the particle migration subject to the shear flow of concrete flow under pressure
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Structural damage analysis of CRTS Ⅱ slab track with various interface models under temperature combinations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Solar chimney in tunnel considering energy-saving and fire safety
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Evaluating uncertainties to deliver enhanced service performance in education PPPs: a hierarchical reliability framework
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 20-06-2022
DOI: 10.1108/ECAM-10-2021-0896
Abstract: This study aims to develop a hierarchical reliability framework to evaluate the service delivery performance of education public–private partnerships (PPPs) effectively and efficiently during long-term operations. The research design included development and test phases. In the development phase, three performance layers, i.e. indicator, component and system, in the education service delivery system were identified. Then, service component reliability was computed through first order reliability method (FORM). Finally, the reliability of the service system was obtained using dynamic component weightings. A PPP school ex le in Australia was set up in the test phase, where performance indicators were collected from relevant contract documents and performance data were simulated under three assumptive scenarios. The ex le in the test phase yielded good results for the developed framework in evaluating uncertainties of service delivery performance for education PPPs. Potentially underperforming services from the component to the system level at dynamic timepoints were identified, and effective preventative maintenance strategies were developed. This research enriches reliability theory and performance evaluation research on education PPPs. First, a series of performance evaluation indicators are constructed for assessing the performance of the service delivery of the education PPP operations. Then, a reliability-based framework for service components and system is developed to predict service performance of the PPP school operations with consideration of a range of uncertainties during project delivery. The developed framework was illustrated with a real-world case study. It demonstrates that the developed reliability-based framework could potentially provide the practitioners of the public sector with a basis for developing effective preventative maintenance strategies with the aim of prolonging the service life of the PPP schools. Evaluating education PPPs is challenging as it involves long-term measurement of various service components under uncertainty. The developed reliability-based framework is a valuable tool to ensure that reliability is maintained throughout the service life of education PPPs in the presence of uncertainty.
A probabilistic approach for modelling bone fracture healing under Ilizarov circular fixator
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-04-2021
DOI: 10.1002/CNM.3466
Abstract: Bone fracture treatments using Ilizarov circular fixator (ICF) involve dealing with uncertainties about a range of critical factors that control the mechanical microenvironment of the fracture site such as ICF configuration, fracture gap size, physiological loading etc. To date, the effects of the uncertainties about these critical factors on the mechanical microenvironment of the fracture site have not been fully understood. The purpose of this study is to tackle this challenge by using computational modelling in conjunction with engineering reliability analysis. Particularly, the effects of uncertainties in fracture gap size (GS), level of weight‐bearing (P), ICF wire pretension (T) and wire diameter (WD) on the fracture site mechanical microenvironment at the beginning of the reparative phase of healing was investigated in this study. The results show that the mechanical microenvironment of fracture site stabilised with ICF is very sensitive to the uncertainties in P and GS. For ex le, an increase in the coefficient of variation of P ( COV P ) from 0.1 to 0.9 (i.e., an increase in the uncertainty in P) could reduce the probability of achieving a favourable mechanical microenvironment within the fracture site (i.e., Probability of Success, PoS) by more than 50%, while an increase in the coefficient of variation of GS ( COV GS ) from 0.1 to 0.9 could decrease PoS by around 30%. In contrast, an increase in the uncertainties in T and WD ( COV increase from 0.1 to 0.9) has little influence on the fracture site mechanical microenvironment (PoS changes %).
A novel plug-in self-locking inter-module connection for modular steel buildings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
The synthesis of soft rocks based on physical and mechanical properties of red mudstone
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Damage modelling of aluminium panels impacted by windborne debris
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Behavior of hybrid FRP-concrete-steel double-skin tubular beams with ultra-high strength concrete and PBL shear connectors under bending
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Life-Cycle Performance of a Bridge Subjected to Multiple Heavy Vehicle Impacts
Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited
Date: 04-05-2018
Stakeholder contribution to tourism collaboration: Exploring stakeholder typologies, networks and actions in the cluster formation process
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Effects of TiO2-Modified RGO Composites on the Mechanical and Durability Properties of Ordinary Portland Cement Mortars
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-11-2022
An analytical approach for modelling contact forcing function of hailstone impact
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Improving Soil-Water Characteristics and Pore Structure of Silty Soil Using Nano-aqueous Polymer Stabilisers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-06-2021
A theoretical framework for optimization of three-dimensional slope stability monitoring
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Simplified analysis of low velocity impact actions on shallow domes
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.1142/S1758825113500130
Abstract: This paper is concerned with a simplified approach of estimating the effects of the impact of a projectile on a circular dome. The procedure to be introduced involves simplifying the impactor (projectile) and the target (the dome) by a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) system which is made up of two lumped masses connected by elastic springs. This modeling approach has only been adapted for analyzing the impact response behavior of beams and plates. The original contributions of this paper is the development of equations and charts for estimating the value of the lumped mass and spring stiffness in the 2DOF lumped mass model to emulate the response behavior of circular domes. Linear elastic behavior of the dome is assumed but nonlinear behavior of the impactor has been taken into account. The developed calculation procedure has been validated and illustrated by case studies.
Integrated model of IGF-I mediated biosynthesis in a deformed articular cartilage
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 05-2009
FRP-confined concrete columns with a stress reduction-recovery behavior: A state-of-the-art review, design recommendations and model assessments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Contact forces generated by hailstone impact
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
A multi-reference-based mode selection approach for the implementation of NExT-ERA in modal-based damage detection
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 14-01-2014
DOI: 10.1002/STC.1638
Bond behavior between GFRP bars and seawater sea-sand fiber-reinforced ultra-high strength concrete
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Modeling cover-collapse sinkhole based on the theory of shells
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1142/S2047684118500288
Abstract: The shape and height of a natural balanced soil arch are two of the critical factors for the development of a sinkhole. The exposure of the natural balanced soil arch can be described as the initiation of the surface-collapse phase of the cover-collapse sinkhole in karst terrain. In this paper, by simplifying the natural balanced soil arch as a thin shell in a limit equilibrium state, a theoretical model is developed using the nonmoment theory of rotary shells with the shape and height of the natural balanced soil arch derived based on the Protodyakonov’s theory. First, the developed model is validated using a case study (a cover-collapse sinkhole occurred in Guizhou, China). It demonstrates that the shell theory used in this study can describe the equilibrium state of a natural balanced soil arch reasonably well. After model validation, a series of numerical simulations are then carried out to investigate the critical factors which govern the collapse of a sinkhole. The results show that buried depth serves as a compulsory condition for the formation of the natural balanced soil arch. Furthermore, it shows that a buried depth less than six times of the radius of a cave could result in the formation of a natural balanced soil arch in the cone surface.
Degradation of Alkali-Activated Slag and Fly Ash Mortars under Different Aggressive Acid Conditions
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 07-2021
Depth camera-based model for studying the effects of muscle loading on distal radius fracture healing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Early Risk Warning of Highway Soft Rock Slope Group Using Fuzzy-Based Machine Learning
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-03-2022
DOI: 10.3390/SU14063367
Abstract: Maintaining the stability of highway soft rock slopes is of critical importance for ensuring the safety of road networks. Although much research has been carried out to assess the stability of in idual soft rock slope, the goal of efficient and effective risk management focusing on multiple highway soft rock slopes has not been fully achieved due to the many complex factors involved and the interactions among these factors. In the present study, a machine learning algorithm based on a fuzzy neural network (FNN) and a comprehensive evaluation method based on the FNN is developed, in order to identify and issue early warnings regarding the risks induced by soft rock slopes along highways, in an efficient and effective way. Using a large amount of collected soft rock slope information as training and validation data, an FNN-based risk identification model is first developed to identify the risk level of in idual soft rock slope based on the meteorological conditions, topographical and geomorphological factors, geotechnical properties, and the measured horizontal displacement. An FNN-based comprehensive evaluation method is then developed, in order to quantify the risk level of a soft rock slope group according to the slope, road and external factors. The results show that the risk level identification accuracy obtained based on validation of the FNN model was higher than 90%, and the model showed a good training effect. On this basis, we further made early warnings of the risks of soft rock slope groups. The proposed early-warning model can quickly and accurately evaluate the risk posed by multiple soft rock slopes to a highway, thereby ensuring the safety of the highway.
Synthesis, application and unique effects of RGOEP on properties of alkali-activated slag binders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Computational simulation of the early stage of bone healing under different configurations of locking compression plates
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-11-2013
DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2013.855729
Abstract: Flexible fixation or the so-called 'biological fixation' has been shown to encourage the formation of fracture callus, leading to better healing outcomes. However, the nature of the relationship between the degree of mechanical stability provided by a flexible fixation and the optimal healing outcomes has not been fully understood. In this study, we have developed a validated quantitative model to predict how cells in fracture callus might respond to change in their mechanical microenvironment due to different configurations of locking compression plate (LCP) in clinical practice, particularly in the early stage of healing. The model predicts that increasing flexibility of the LCP by changing the bone-plate distance (BPD) or the plate working length (WL) could enhance interfragmentary strain in the presence of a relatively large gap size (> 3 mm). Furthermore, conventional LCP normally results in asymmetric tissue development during early stage of callus formation, and the increase of BPD or WL is insufficient to alleviate this problem.
Computational Modelling for Managing Pathways to Cartilage Failure
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-25588-5_6
Abstract: Over several decades the perception and therefore description of articular cartilage changed substantially. It has transitioned from being described as a relatively inert tissue with limited repair capacity, to a tissue undergoing continuous maintenance and even adaption, through a range of complex regulatory processes. Even from the narrower lens of biomechanics, the engagement with articular cartilage has changed from it being an interesting, slippery material found in the hostile mechanical environment between opposing long bones, to an intriguing ex le of mechanobiology in action. The progress revealing this complexity, where physics, chemistry, material science and biology are merging, has been described with increasingly sophisticated computational models. Here we describe how these computational models of cartilage as an integrated system can be combined with the approach of structural reliability analysis. That is, causal, deterministic models placed in the framework of the probabilistic approach of structural reliability analysis could be used to understand, predict, and mitigate the risk of cartilage failure or pathology. At the heart of this approach is seeing cartilage overuse and disease processes as a ‘material failure’, resulting in failure to perform its function, which is largely mechanical. One can then describe pathways to failure, for ex le, how homeostatic repair processes can be overwhelmed leading to a compromised tissue. To illustrate this ‘pathways to failure’ approach, we use the interplay between cartilage consolidation and lubrication to analyse the increase in expected wear rates associated with cartilage defects or meniscectomy.
The relationship between interfragmentary movement and cell differentiation in early fracture healing under locking plate fixation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-12-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S13246-015-0407-9
Abstract: Interfragmentary movement (IFM) at the fracture site plays an important role in fracture healing, particularly during its early stage, via influencing the mechanical microenvironment of mesenchymal stem cells within the fracture callus. However, the effect of changes in IFM resulting from the changes in the configuration of locking plate fixation on cell differentiation has not yet been fully understood. In this study, mechanical experiments on surrogate tibia specimens, manufactured from specially formulated polyurethane, were conducted to investigate changes in IFM of fractures under various locking plate fixation configurations and loading magnitudes. The effect of the observed IFM on callus cell differentiation was then further studied using computational simulation. We found that during the early stage, cell differentiation in the fracture callus is highly influenced by fracture gap size and IFM, which in turn, is highly sensitive to locking plate fixation configuration. The computational model predicted that a small gap size (e.g. 1 mm) under a relatively flexible configuration of locking plate fixation (larger bone-plate distances and working lengths) could experience excessive strain and fluid flow within the fracture site, resulting in excessive fibrous tissue differentiation and delayed healing. By contrast, a relatively flexible configuration of locking plate fixation was predicted to improve cartilaginous callus formation and bone healing for a relatively larger gap size (e.g. 3 mm). If further confirmed by animal and human studies, the research outcome of this paper may have implications for orthopaedic surgeons in optimising the application of locking plate fixations for fractures in clinical practice.
A Simplified Methodology for Condition Assessment of Bridge Bearings Using Vibration Based Structural Health Monitoring Techniques
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 02-06-2021
DOI: 10.1142/S0219455421501339
Abstract: The mechanical properties of bridge bearings gradually deteriorate over time resulting from daily traffic loading and harsh environmental conditions. However, structural health monitoring of in-service bridge bearings is rather challenging. This study presents a bridge bearing condition assessment framework which integrates the vibration data from a non-contact interferometric radar (i.e. IBIS-S) and a simplified analytical model. Using two existing concrete bridges in Australia as a case study, it demonstrates that the developed framework has the capability of detecting the structural condition of the bridge bearings in real-time. In addition, the results from a series of parametric studies show that the effectiveness of the developed framework is largely determined by the stiffness ratio between bridge bearing and girder ([Formula: see text], i.e. the structural condition of the bearings can only be effectively captured when the value of [Formula: see text] ranges from 1/100 and 100.
Degradation of concrete in marine environment under coupled chloride and sulfate attack: A numerical and experimental study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Risk Appraisal in Engineering Infrastructure Projects: Examination of Project Risks Using Probabilistic Analysis
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2014
Comprehensive measurement techniques and multi-index correlative evaluation approach for structural health monitoring of highway bridges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Predicting airflow in naturally ventilated double-skin facades: theoretical analysis and modelling
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
The spatio-temporal mechanical environment of healthy and injured human cartilage during sustained activity and its role in cartilage damage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMBBM.2017.05.018
Abstract: Recently we presented a computational model of articular cartilage calibrated for normal human tissue explants. This model was able to capture the transient deformation of cartilage experiencing a cyclic load. The model takes into account the tension-compression nonlinearity of the cartilage and incorporates the dependency of the compressive stiffness and fluid permeability of cartilage on the deformation-dependent aggrecan concentration in cartilage tissue. As such it represents a leading constitutive model of articular cartilage. Here we build on the previous study to develop an experimentally validated computational model to simulate mechanical consolidation response of intact and previously injured cartilage under sustained static loading, to develop our understanding of the implications for rates of tissue damage. We see that the type of prior injuries compromise the cartilage function in different ways. Relatively rapid consolidation is predicted for cartilage with a complete meniscectomy and that with a full thickness defect, indicating the inability of cartilage with such injuries to sustain interstitial fluid pressurisation for long periods of time, as does uninjured cartilage. By comparing the consolidation response of articular cartilage predicted by computational model against experimental measurements of the apparent friction coefficient following static loading, we find a strong linear positive correlation exists between cartilage degree of consolidation (DoC) and friction coefficient at the joint. As the DoC of articular cartilages can be estimated in vivo via medical imaging, the DoC can be used as an index to non-invasively evaluate the apparent friction coefficient between opposing cartilage surfaces, and so estimate the likelihood of frictional surface wear and/or cartilage damage.
On the role of diffusible binding partners in modulating the transport and concentration of proteins in tissues
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.JTBI.2009.11.023
Abstract: Here a reactive-diffusion transport model is used to demonstrate two previously undescribed functional roles for diffusible binding partners in the transport of molecules into tissues. The uptake of the insulin-like growth (IGF) and its binding partner the IGF binding protein (IGFBP3) into cartilage is used a specific tissue ex le to demonstrate a general principal. First, we show that reversible binding between free protein (IGF) and its diffusible binding partner (free IGFBPs) increases the rate of protein uptake into the tissue. Second, selective degradation of the binding partner can increase the transient and steady state free protein in tissues, well above the concentration at the source boundary, with the maximum free concentration occurring distant from the source boundary, deep within the tissue. This finding is very much at odds with expectations based on a traditional diffusion analysis. In cartilage, using realistic parameters, these new mechanisms raise the free IGF concentration by an order of magnitude deep within the tissue. As the increase in free protein is 'tunable' by cells, our analyses are postulated to demonstrate a general regulatory principle that may operate in any tissues throughout the body.
Functionally graded porous structures: Analyses, performances, and applications – A Review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Evaluation of flexural resistance of compression yielded concrete beams reinforced with fibre reinforced polymers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
The effect of cyclic deformation and solute binding on solute transport in cartilage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.ABB.2006.10.007
Abstract: Diffusive transport must play an important role in transporting nutrients into cartilage due to its avascular nature. Recent theoretical studies generally support the idea that cyclic loading enhances large molecule transport through advection. However, to date, reactive transport, i.e. the effects of solute binding, has not yet been taken into consideration in cyclically deformed cartilage. In the present study, we develop a reactive transport model to describe the potential role of binding of solute within cyclically deformed cartilage. Our results show that binding does have a significant effect on transport, particularly for the low IGF-I concentrations typical of synovial fluid. A dynamic loading regime of high strain magnitudes (up to 10%) in combination with high frequencies (e.g. 1 Hz) was seen to produce the most dramatic results with enhanced total uptake ratio as high as 25% averaged over the first 5h of cyclic loading.
Indentation modelling of aluminium cladding panels subjected to hailstone impact
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Influence of fracture geometry on bone healing under locking plate fixations: A comparison between oblique and transverse tibial fractures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.MEDENGPHY.2016.07.007
Abstract: Mechano-regulation plays a crucial role in bone healing and involves complex cellular events. In this study, we investigate the change of mechanical microenvironment of stem cells within early fracture callus as a result of the change of fracture obliquity, gap size and fixation configuration using mechanical testing in conjunction with computational modelling. The research outcomes show that angle of obliquity (θ) has significant effects on interfragmentary movement (IFM) which influences mechanical microenvironment of the callus cells. Axial IFM at near cortex of fracture decreases with θ, while shear IFM significantly increases with θ. While a large θ can increase shear IFM by four-fold compared to transverse fracture, it also result in the tension-stress effect at near cortex of fracture callus. In addition, mechanical stimuli for cell differentiation within the callus are found to be strongly negatively correlated to angle of obliquity and gap size. It is also shown that a relatively flexible fixation could enhance callus formation in presence of a large gap but could lead to excessive callus strain and interstitial fluid flow when a small transverse fracture gap is present. In conclusion, there appears to be an optimal fixation configuration for a given angle of obliquity and gap size.
An Innovative Acousto-optic-Sensing-Based Triaxial Testing System for Rocks
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-03-2019
Time Evolution of Deformation in a Human Cartilage Under Cyclic Loading
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-10-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10439-014-1164-8
Abstract: Recent imaging has revealed that in vivo contact deformations of human knee cartilage under physiological loadings are surprisingly large-typically on the order of 10%, but up to 20 or 30% of tibiofemora cartilage thickness depending on loading conditions. In this paper we develop a biphasic, large deformation, non-linear poroelastic model of cartilage that can accurately represent the time dependence and magnitude of cyclic cartilage deformations in vivo. The model takes into account cartilage tension-compression nonlinearity and a new constitutive relation in which the compressive stiffness and hydraulic permeability of the cartilage adjusts in response to the strain-dependent aggrecan concentration. The model predictions are validated using experimental test results on osteochondral plugs obtained from human cadavers. We find that model parameters can be optimised to give an excellent fit to the experimental data. Using typical hydraulic conductivity and stiffness parameters for healthy cartilage, we find that the experimentally observed transient and steady state tissue deformations under cyclic loading and unloading can be reproduced by the model. Steady state tissue deformations are shown to cycle between 10% (exudation strain) and 20% (total strain) in response to the cyclic test loads. At steady-state cyclic loading, the pore fluid exuded from the tissue is exactly equal to the pore fluid imbibed by the tissue during each load cycle.
Modeling consolidation of soft clay by developing a fractional differential constitutive model in conjunction with an intelligent displacement inversion method
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 30-09-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0275034
Abstract: Studying the constitutive relation of soft clays is of critical importance for fundamentally understanding their complex consolidation behavior. This study proposes a fractional differential constitutive model in conjunction with an intelligent displacement inversion method based on the classic particle swarm optimization for modeling the deformation behavior of soft clay. The model considered the rheological properties of soft clay at different consolidation stages. In addition, statistical adaptive dynamic particle swarm optimization-least squares support vector machines were implemented to identify the model parameters efficiently. The accuracy and effectiveness of the model were validated using available experimental results. Finally, the application results showed that the proposed model could efficiently simulate coupling properties of soft clay’s primary and secondary consolidations.
Risks of failure of annealed glass panels subject to point contact actions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
EVALUATION OF SIMPLIFIED METHODS OF ESTIMATING BEAM RESPONSES TO IMPACT
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1142/S0219455412500162
Abstract: Fundamental principles controlling the deflection behavior of a simply supported beam responding to the impact action of a solid object is revealed in this paper. The significant mitigating effects that the mass of the beam have upon its impact resistant behavior have been illustrated with ex les. It is a myth that the static resistance of the beam is indicative of its impact resistance. The important effects of "cushioning" and the higher modes phenomenon have also been identified by the analytical study presented herein. Hand calculations and computer analysis methods are introduced and evaluated by comparison with results obtained from finite element analyses using LS-DYNA.
A note on Hunt and Crossley model with generalized visco-elastic damping
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Numerical prediction of the optimal shield tunneling strategy for tunnel construction in karst regions
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-06-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0252733
Abstract: Shield tunneling in karst areas poses significant challenges, as vibration caused by the shield machine can disturb the stability of the karst caves, ultimately resulting in the collapse of a tunnel. In the present study, a numerical model involving an iteration process was developed based on the Mindlin solution scheme to identify the optimal shield tunneling speed for minimizing the disturbance to karst cave stability. The developed model was then implemented to investigate an underground tunnel constructed in a karst region with different shield tunneling strategies. By using the variation in the energy density of a karst cave as a performance index, the model predicts that when approaching the affected zone of a karst carve ( e . g ., approximately 5 m from the carve), the shield tunneling machine should be controlled within a certain speed ( i . e ., 30 mm/min). Once the shield tunneling machine moves into the affected zone of the cave, the speed of the machine needs to be decelerated to 11 mm/min, and the speed of 30 mm/min can be restored when the shield machine moves out of the affected zone. This finding demonstrates that the developed model could potentially be used to identify the optimal shield tunneling speed to minimize the disturbance to karst cave stability and ensure the safety of tunnel construction in karst regions.
User testing of the psychometric properties of pictorial-based disability assessment Longshi Scale by healthcare professionals and non-professionals: a Chinese study in Shenzhen
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 13-05-2019
Abstract: The aim of this study was to validate a novel pictorial-based Longshi Scale for evaluating a patient’s disability by healthcare professionals and non-professionals. Prospective study. Rehabilitation departments from a grade A, class 3 public hospital, a grade B, class 2 public hospital, and a private hospital and seven community rehabilitation centers. A total of 618 patients and 251 patients with functional disabilities were recruited in a two-phase study, respectively. Outcome measure: pictorial scale of activities of daily living (ADLs, Longshi Scale). Reference measure: Barthel Index. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the validity of Longshi Scale against Barthel Index. In phase 1 study, from March 2016 to August 2016, the results demonstrated that the Longshi Scale was both reliable and valid (intraclass correlation coefficient based on two-way random effect (ICC 2,1 ) = 0.877–0.974 for intra-rater reliability ICC 2,1 = 0.928–0.979 κ = 0.679–1.000 for inter-rater reliability intraclass correlation coefficient based on one-way random effect (ICC 1,1 ) = 0.921–0.984 for test–retest reliability and Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.836–0.899). In the second phase, in March 2018, results further demonstrated that the Longshi Scale had good inter-rater and intra-rater reliability among healthcare professionals and non-professionals including therapists, interns, and personal care aids (ICC 1,1 = 0.822–0.882 on Day 1 ICC 1,1 = 0.842–0.899 on Day 7 for inter-rater reliability). In addition, the Longshi Scale decreased assessment time significantly, compared with the Barthel Index assessment ( P 0.01). The Longshi Scale could potentially provide an efficient way for healthcare professionals and non-professionals who may have minimal training to assess the ADLs of functionally disabled patients.
Balance Between Mechanical Stability and Mechano-Biology of Fracture Healing Under Volar Locking Plate
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-06-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S10439-021-02815-X
Abstract: The application of volar locking plate (VLP) is promising in the treatment of dorsally comminuted and displaced fracture. However, the optimal balance between the mechanical stability of VLP and the mechanobiology at the fracture site is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to develop numerical models in conjunction with experimental studies to identify the favourable mechanical microenvironment for indirect healing, by optimizing VLP configuration and post-operative loadings for different fracture geometries. The simulation results show that the mechanical behaviour of VLP is mainly governed by the axial compression. In addition, the model shows that, under relatively large gap size (i.e., 3-5 mm), the increase of FWL could enhance chondrocyte differentiation while a large BPD could compromise the mechanical stability of VLP. Importantly, bending moment produced by wrist flexion/extension and torsion moment produced from forearm rotation could potentially hinder endochondral ossification at early stage of healing. The developed model could potentially assist orthopaedic surgeons in surgical pre-planning and designing post-operation physical therapy for treatment of distal radius fractures.
The influence of ambient environmental conditions in detecting bridge concrete deck delamination using infrared thermography (IRT)
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 17-01-2020
DOI: 10.1002/STC.2506
Soil and water conservation and ecological restoration on the slopes treated with new polymer composite materials
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2022
Analysis of microstructure and spatially dependent permeability of soft soil during consolidation deformation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Transitions between nanomechanical and continuum mechanical contacts: new insights from liquid structure
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9NR07180F
Abstract: This work reveals the transitions between nanomechanical and continuum contact behaviours at wet quartz interfaces, providing new ways to quantify the liquid structure of interfacial water to study the origin of nanomechanical contact behaviour.
Influence of therapeutic grip exercises induced loading rates in distal radius fracture healing with volar locking plate fixation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CMPB.2022.106626
Abstract: Therapeutic exercises could potentially enhance the healing of distal radius fractures (DRFs) treated with volar locking plate (VLP). However, the healing outcomes are highly dependant on the patient-specific fracture geometries (e.g., gap size) and the loading conditions at the fracture site (e.g., loading frequency) resulted from different types of therapeutic exercises. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of different loading frequencies induced by therapeutic exercises on the biomechanical microenvironment of the fracture site and the transport of cells and growth factors within the fracture callus, ultimately the healing outcomes. This is achieved through numerical modelling and mechanical testing. Five radius sawbones specimens (Pacific Research Laboratories, Vashon, USA) fixed with VLP (VRP2.0+, Austofix) were mechanically tested using dynamic test instrument (INSTRON E3000, Norwood, MA). The loading protocol used in mechanical testing involved a series of cyclic axial compression tests representing hand and finger therapeutic exercises. The relationship between the dynamic loading rate (i.e., loading frequency) and dynamic stiffness of the construct was established and used as inputs to a developed numerical model for studying the dynamic loading induced cells and growth factors in fracture site and biomechanical stimuli required for healing. There is a strong positive linear relationship between the loading rate and axial stiffness of the construct fixed with VLP. The loading rates induced by the moderate frequencies (i.e., 1-2 Hz) could promote endochondral ossification, whereas relatively high loading frequencies (i.e., over 3 Hz) may hinder the healing outcomes or lead to non-union. In addition, a dynamic loading frequency of 2 Hz in combination of a fracture gap size of 3 mm could produce a better healing outcome by enhancing the transport of cells and growth factors at the fracture site in comparison to free diffusion (i.e. without loading), and thereby produces a biomechanical microenvironment which is favourable for healing. The experimentally validated numerical model presented in this study could potentially contribute to the design of effective patient-specific therapeutic exercises for better healing outcomes. Importantly, the model results demonstrate that therapeutic grip exercises induced dynamic loading could produce a better biomechanical microenvironment for healing without compromising the mechanical stability of the overall volar locking plate fixation construct.
IGF uptake with competitive binding in articular cartilage
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
Date: 06-2008
DOI: 10.1142/S0218339008002575
Abstract: Experiments on the transport of radiolabeled Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGF-I and -II) into bovine articular cartilage show differential uptake depending on the relative proportion of IGF-I and -II. In this study, we present a mathematical model describing both the transport and competition of IGF-I and -II for binding sites represented by two functional groupings of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). The first grouping has approximately similar binding affinity to both IGF-I and -II (i.e. IGFBPs 1–5), whereas the second group has significantly higher binding preference for IGF-II compared to IGF-I (i.e. IGFBP-6). Using nonlinear least squares, it is shown that the experimental equilibrium competitive binding results can be described using a reversible Langmuir sorption isotherm involving two dominant IGFBP functional groups. After coupling the sorption model with a poromechanical continuum model, parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effect of model changes including IGF boundary conditions and the ratios of the two IGFBP functional groups. The results show that ignoring competitive binding leads to a significant overestimation of total IGF-I uptake, but an underestimation the rate of "free" (physiologically active) IGF-I within the cartilage. An increase of first group of IGFBPs (i.e. IGFBPs 1–5) as has been reported for osteoarthritis, is observed to hinder the bioavailability of free IGF-I in cartilage, even though the total IGF-I uptake is enhanced. Furthermore, the combination of dynamic compression and competitive binding is seen to enhance the IGF-I uptake within cartilage, but this enhancement is overestimated if competitive binding is neglected.
AN INNOVATIVE PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING CONTACT FORCE DURING IMPACT
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1142/S1758825114500793
Abstract: Certain types of damage generated by the impact of a solid object are correlated with the amount of force that is localized around the area of contact between the impactor and the surface of the target. The stiffer the impactor, the higher the contact force when the amount of impulse delivered by the impact is held constant. Thus, realistic simulations of the contact force by finite element analysis (FEA) require representative, and detailed, information of the dynamic compressive properties of both the impactor and the target. In situations where relevant properties of the impactor material have not been documented, the estimation of contact force is filled with uncertainties. In addressing this challenge an innovative experimental–simulation calibration procedure involving the use of a custom made (inexpensive) tubular device is presented in this paper for measuring the dynamic compressive stiffness properties of impactor objects. Given the calibrated values the amount of contact force generated by the same impactor material in projected scenarios could be simulated with good accuracies for predicting damage.
Effects of vertical central stabilizers on nonlinear wind-induced stabilization of a closed-box girder suspension bridge with various aspect ratios
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-03-2023
The investigation of bone fracture healing under intramembranous and endochondral ossification
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
An agent-based method for simulating porous fluid-saturated structures with indistinguishable components
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Osteochondral junction leakage and cartilage joint lubrication
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Managing Interfaces in Large-Scale Projects: The Roles of Formal Governance and Partnering
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 07-2021
Optimized Design of Piled Embankment Using a Multi-Effect Coupling Model on a Coastal Highway
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-08-2022
DOI: 10.3390/JMSE10091170
Abstract: This study presents a multi-effect coupling model to optimize the design of a geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankment (GRPSE) considering the coupling effects of soil arching, membranes, and pile–soil interaction on a coastal highway. The developed model could optimize the design of the GRPSE to fulfill the design and construction requirements at a relatively low project cost. This was achieved by adjusting the critical factors that govern the settlement of GRPSEs, such as pile spacing, tensile stiffness of geosynthetic reinforcement (GR), arrangement of piles, pile cap size, and cushion thickness. The model predictions were validated by a series of field tests using a range of geotechnical sensors. The results show that model predictions agreed with experimental measurements reasonably well. In addition, the results indicate that in comparison to a square arrangement of piles, a triangle net arrangement can decrease the differential settlement of pile soil. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that a change in the GR’s tensile stiffness has little impact on the settlement of GRPSEs. This study can help to improve the stability of roadbeds of coastal highways.
Calculation model and bearing capacity optimization method for the soil settlement between piles in geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankments based on the membrane effect
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 16-08-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0256190
Abstract: The geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankment (GRPSE) system has been widely used in road construction on soft soil. However, the application of the GRPSE system is often restricted by its high-cost. The reason is that they are designed for bearing control as defined in the past. During the construction process, the pile spacing is reduced to meet the requirements for the embankment bearing capacity and settlement. These factors cause the membrane effect to not be exploited. As a result, the utilization efficiency of the bearing capacity of the soil between the piles is low and the project cost is high. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of insufficient bearing capacity of soil between piles, we established a settlement calculation model of soil between piles based on membrane effect. The model considers the relationship between the geosynthetic reinforcement (GR) and the pile spacing. Based on the obtained model, a method for optimizing the soil bearing capacity of GRPSEs is proposed. By controlling the settlement of soil between piles, the bearing capacity of soil between piles and the membrane effect of embankment can be fully utilized. Therefore, the project cost can be reduced. Finally, the method is applied to field tests for comparison. The results show that the method is reasonable and applicable. This method can effectively exploit the membrane effect and improve the utilization efficiency of the bearing capacity of the soil between piles. An economical and reasonable arrangement scheme for the piles and GR was obtained. This scheme can not only ensure the safety of the project, but also fully utilize the bearing capacity of the soil between the piles and provide a new method for engineering design.
Construction and Biomechanical Properties of PolyAxial Self-Locking Anatomical Plate Based on the Geometry of Distal Tibia
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1155/2014/436325
Abstract: In order to provide scientific and empirical evidence for the clinical application of the polyaxial self-locking anatomical plate, 80 human tibias from healthy adults were scanned by spiral CT and their three-dimensional images were reconstructed using the surface shaded display (SSD) method. Firstly, based on the geometric data of distal tibia, a polyaxial self-locking anatomical plate for distal tibia was designed and constructed. Biomechanical tests were then performed by applying axial loading, 4-point bending, and axial torsion loading on the fracture fixation models of fresh cadaver tibias. Our results showed that variation in twisting angles of lateral tibia surface was found in various segments of the distal tibia. The polyaxial self-locking anatomical plate was constructed based on the geometry of the distal tibia. Compared to the conventional anatomical locking plate, the polyaxial self-locking anatomical plate of the distal tibia provides a better fit to the geometry of the distal tibia of the domestic population, and the insertion angle of locking screws can be regulated up to 30°. Collectively, this study assesses the geometry of the distal tibia and provides variable locking screw trajectory to improve screw-plate stability through the design of a polyaxial self-locking anatomical plate.
Aerodynamic performance evaluation of steel-UHPC composite deck cable-stayed bridges with VIV countermeasures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Bond strength of GFRP bars to high strength and ultra-high strength fiber reinforced seawater sea-sand concrete (SSC)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Comprehensive evaluation of aerodynamic performance of twin-box girder bridges with vertical stabilizers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Mars climate change research: Perspective of sulfur replacing carbon in martian sedimentary rocks
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Design-oriented stress-strain model for FRP-confined ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Behavior of hybrid PET FRP confined concrete-filled high-strength steel tube columns under eccentric compression
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
A novel titania/graphene composite applied in reinforcing microstructural and mechanical properties of alkali-activated slag
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Nano-cementitious composites modified with Graphene Oxide – a review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Improving design performance by alliance between contractors and designers in international hydropower EPC projects from the perspective of Chinese construction companies
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-04-2018
DOI: 10.3390/SU10041171
Experimental and numerical studies of wind-resistance performance of twin-box girder bridges with various grid plates
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Computational modelling of bone fracture healing under partial weight-bearing exercise
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.MEDENGPHY.2017.01.025
Abstract: A great deal of evidence suggests that partial weight-bearing exercise plays an important role in bone fracture healing. However, current physiotherapy program tends to follow the "Let's try it and see" strategy due to the lack of a fundamental understanding of in vivo mechanical environment required for the better healing outcomes. The purpose of present study is to develop an innovative framework to predict the healing outcomes as a result of post-surgical physical therapy. The raw acceleration data corresponding to a series of walking tests is firstly captured by ActiGraph accelerometers, and then used as input to theoretically estimate the peak ground reaction force (PGRF) and peak loading rate (PLR). Finally, the healing outcomes as a result of different walking speeds are predicated based on the interfragmentary movement (IFM) measured by using mechanical testing. The results show that PGRF and PLR are important factors for the callus tissue differentiation at the early stage of healing. The developed model could potentially allow the design of effective patient specific post-surgical physical therapy.
Mechanical and durability-related performance of graphene/epoxy resin and epoxy resin enhanced OPC mortar
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Thermal response of the bridge supported longitudinal CRTS II slab track subject to diurnal temperature variation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Use of static tests for predicting damage to cladding panels caused by storm debris
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
Financial assessment of manufacturing recycled aggregate concrete in ready-mix concrete plants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
Deterministic solutions for contact force generated by impact of windborne debris
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
Modeling the Insulin-Like Growth Factor System in Articular Cartilage
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 26-06-2013
HOW TO GET INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS DELIVERED ON TIME: FROM CHINESE CONTRACTORS’ PERSPECTIVE
Publisher: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
Date: 02-02-2022
Abstract: 67.9% of Chinese international construction projects are seriously delayed, which creates the potential for instability in its rapidly growing share of global contracting markets. A greater understanding of the reasons behind the challenges confronting international contractors is urgently required such that improvements can be developed that ultimately will benefit many countries. This study aims to investigate the time performance of international projects in developing countries and to explore the root causes of time overrun. Based on both quantitative and qualitative analysis of 112 case study projects, collected from 12 of the largest Chinse state-owned enterprises (SOEs), this study identifies the distinctive characteristics of three types of projects (late, acceptable, early) classified based on their time performances. It is established that time performance is significantly related to the contractor’s adaptability and project complexity. The results reveal the root causes of construction delays in international project delivery, which provides a structured and in-depth understanding of both internal and external time performance influential factors. The above findings provide sound basis for guiding practitioners in choosing appropriate strategies to improve project time performance, such as encouraging cross-cultural dialogues, integrating global resources and establishing long-term global partnerships with stakeholders.
Reliability-Based Decision Support Framework for Major Changes to Social Infrastructure PPP Contracts
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-10-2020
DOI: 10.3390/APP10217659
Abstract: In the operational phase of public-private partnership (PPP) contracts, undue delay in addressing real needs may lead to poor service outcomes conversely, commencing variations to a PPP agreement on the whim of end-user runs the risk of reducing the value created by detailed structuring and considerations undertaken in establishing agreement. This difficulty is exasperated as there is generally a lack of understanding by the end-user as to the specifics of service delivery performance requirements contracted. In order to address this question, this study, for the first time, develops a reliability-based decision support framework (RDSF) that incorporates end-user’s perceived service quality (i.e., how satisfied it is with the space, operation and maintenance activities) with those specified in the PPP agreement, and further identifies when the gap between end-user’s expectations and contractual obligations warrants reconsideration. This developed framework is then implemented to test the data gathered from three PPP schools in Australia based on both a current snapshot of performance data, i.e., abatements as gathered through contract documents and end-user’s perception through in-depth interviews, and a projected scenario of the future as well. Reliability analysis used here compares time-dependent risk profiles of current and expected performance and thereby identifies major changes in a PPP contract that would sensibly require reconsideration. The specific results indicate there is no current difficulty between end-user’s perception and the contract. However, the projected long-term scenario demonstrates how the decision framework can identify areas for review and changes if end-users are more dissatisfied with the service being achieved. The RDSF is capable of quantifying current service performance, considering the engagement of the end-user. Thus it enriches theories in the field of performance management system (PMS), and also contributes to knowledge regarding an evidence-based test for justifying possible agreement modifications or additional works in social PPPs operations. In addition, guidance for performance improvement strategies in aspects of the dissatisfied area is also provided. Application of this approach would assist in maintaining the long-term value for money of social infrastructure PPP agreements.
A probabilistic-based approach for computational simulation of bone fracture healing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CMPB.2019.105011
Abstract: It is widely known that bone fracture healing is affected by mechanical factors such as fracture geometry, fixation configuration and post-operative weight bearing loading. However, there are several uncertainties associated with the magnitude of the mechanical factors affecting bone healing as it is challenging to adjust and control them in clinical practice. The current bone fracture healing investigations mainly adopt a deterministic approach for identifying the optimal mechanical conditions for a favourable bone healing outcome. However, a probabilistic approach should be used in the analysis to incorporate such uncertainties for prediction of bone healing. In this study we developed a probabilistic-based computational model to predict the probability of delayed healing or non-union under different fracture treatment mechanical conditions for fractures stabilised by locking plates. The results show that there is a strong positive linear correlation between the mechanical stimulations (S) in the fracture gap and the magnitude of weight bearing, the bone-plate distance (BPD) and the plate working length (WL), whereas the fracture gap size has a highly negative and nonlinear correlation with S. While the results show that fracture mechanical microenvironment is more sensitive to the uncertainties in WL compared to BPD, the uncertainty associated with the magnitude of WL is very low and can be resulted from implant manufacturing tolerance. However, there is a high uncertainty associated with the magnitude of BPD as it cannot be accurately adjusted during the surgery. The results show that the tissue differentiation at the far cortex of fracture gap is more sensitive to the variation of BPD compared with that at the near cortex. The probability of delayed healing (fibrous tissue formation) at far cortex is increased from 0% to 40% when coefficient of variation (COV) of BPD rises from 0.1 to 0.9 (for average BPD = 2 mm, WL = 65 mm, fracture gap size = 3 mm and Weight bearing = 150 N). Further, both near and far cortex of fracture site are sensitive to the variation in weight bearing loading. The developed probabilistic model may lead to useful guidelines that could help orthopaedic surgeons identify how reliable a specific fracture treatment strategy is.
The Role of Physiological Loading on Bone Fracture Healing Under Ilizarov Circular Fixator: The Effects of Load Duration and Loading Frequency
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Probabilistic modelling of forces of hail
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-11-2017
Impermeability and interfacial bonding strength of TiO2-graphene modified epoxy resin coated OPC concrete
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Reliability assessment of concrete under external sulfate attack
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Comparative performance of PPPs and traditional procurement projects in Indonesia
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 06-03-2017
DOI: 10.1108/IJPSM-02-2016-0047
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the outcomes of Indonesian power projects as representative projects of Asian emerging economies that were procured via public-private partnerships (PPPs) and traditional public sector procurement. Power generation infrastructure delivery in emerging economies frequently seeks private participation via PPPs as one of the key mechanisms to attract private finance. Undertaking a comparative benchmark study of the outcomes of Indonesian power projects provides an opportunity to explore the historic evidence as to whether PPPs deliver better outcomes than traditional public procurement in emerging economies. This paper reports on a study of the performance of 56 Indonesian power projects procured via either PPPs or traditional procurement. First, it focusses on project time and cost outcomes of power plant facility during construction and commissioning and then extends this comparison to consider the operating availability of power plants during their first two years of operation. The results indicate that PPP projects had superior time and operating availability to those procured traditionally whereas no significant differences were identified in the cost performance between PPPs and traditionally procured projects. These findings highlight the importance of adopting policies that are supported by broader sources of international financiers and high quality power plant developers. The quality performance analyses of projects (based on equivalent available factor indices) were limited to the power plants in the Java-Bali region where the majority of projects are large scale power plants. This study provides an empirical basis for governments of emerging economies to select the most beneficial procurement strategy for power plant projects. It highlights the importance of selecting experienced providers and to adopt policies that attract high quality international project financiers and power plant developers. This includes the need to ensure the commercial viability of projects and to seriously consider the use of cleaner power technologies. This study is the first to compare the outcomes of power projects in Asian emerging economies delivered via PPPs against those delivered by traditional public procurement that includes consideration of the quality of the delivered product.
A nonlinear numerical scheme to simulate multiple wind effects on twin-box girder suspension bridges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Application of a coupled hydro-mechanical interface model in simulating uplifting problems
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-10-2022
DOI: 10.1002/NAG.3450
Abstract: This paper presents the detailed formulation of a coupled hydro‐mechanical structure‐soil interface and demonstrates its application in simulating uplifting problems. This interface features real‐time prediction of the pore pressure generation and structure‐soil separation, and thus rate dependency and ‘breakaway’ can be modeled without user intervention. Constitutive relations of this interface were derived by considering the coupling between soil skeleton and fluid along the interface. A complete finite element formulation and numerical implementation of the interface is provided based on an eight‐node element. The performance of this interface is demonstrated by simulating lifting a surface footing at varying rates (spanning across undrained, partially drained and drained conditions), compared with existing theoretical solutions, numerical results and experimental data. The good agreement achieved indicates that this interface is capable of modelling uplift at varying rates, which is an extremely challenging topic in offshore engineering. Sensitivity studies were conducted to investigate the parameters affecting uplifting behaviour. A unified backbone curve was established correspondingly, which is shown to be different from existing studies in compression, due to the difference in the mechanism between the two cases.
The Role of Locking Plate Stiffness in Bone Fracture Healing Stabilized by Far Cortical Locking Technique
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 24-05-2018
DOI: 10.1142/S021987621850024X
Abstract: The locking plate fixations have been developed to enhance bone healing by wide bridging of the fracture and allowing some level of interfragmentary movement (IFM) at the fracture site. However, the IFM induced by conventional locking plate constructs is not uniform at the fracture site and so result in asymmetric callus formation, and ultimately delayed healing. The far cortical locking technique has been recently innovated to address this issue by inducing a uniform IFM. However, the far cortical locking technique is still in its infancy and more research efforts are required before its practical clinical application. Using the theory of porous media and computational methods, this study investigated the effectiveness of far cortical locking technique in presence of different mechanical stiffness of locking plate. The research outcomes indicate that the application of far cortical looking technique enhances IFM at near cortex, and so reduce the difference of IFM between near and far cortex. Further, it shows that, under far cortical locking technique, the bending stiffness of a locking plate plays an important role in bone healing. The use of a stiffer locking plate together with far cortical locking screws encourages more uniform tissue development across the fracture gap. The current research underlines the importance of the optimal selection of plate stiffness for application of far cortical locking technique.
A comprehensive experimental-numerical investigation on the bending response of laminated double channel beams in modular buildings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Deformation behaviour of concrete materials under the sulfate attack
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Degradation process of alkali-activated slag/fly ash and Portland cement-based pastes exposed to phosphoric acid
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Micro-meso-macroscale correlation mechanism of red-bed soft rocks failure within static water based on energy analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-06-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S11440-023-01893-6
Abstract: The purpose of the present study is to fundamentally investigate the micro-meso-macroscale correlation mechanism of red-bed soft rocks failure within static water, based on energy analysis. Through a series of experimental studies, changes in the micro-meso-macroscale characteristics of the rocks were characterised by measuring ion concentrations in and pH of water, the pore structure and crack propagation. Based on the experimental measurements, theoretical modelling of micro-meso-macroscale energy conservation was carried out to determine the micro-meso-macroscale correlation mechanism of red-bed soft rocks failure. The results show that the microscale dominant effect of red-bed soft rocks is determined as chemical effects. The failure mechanism of red-bed soft rocks under static water saturation involves chemical, physical and mechanical dominant effects at the micro-meso-macroscale. It was demonstrated that the dominant chemical effect of clay minerals and water comprises a series of chemical energy changes in the microscale water–rock interface. This can induce the energy changes in both mesophysical and macromechanical levels. During the first month after the water saturation, there was a significant decrease in Na + and K + concentrations in aqueous solution, whereas there was little change in Ca + and Mg 2+ concentrations. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images indicated an obvious change in microstructure of the red-bed soft rocks after 3 months of water saturation. A decrease in pore number and increase in total pore surface area could be seen after 6 months of water saturation. Furthermore, the theoretical results suggest that chemical effects at the microscale dominate the softening process of the rocks. During the water–rock interaction, nearly 80% of the energy dissipation results from the microscale change, and the meso-macroscale change accounts for the remaining 20%. As a uniform measure of material evolution, energy can correlate the micro-meso-macro dominant effect of red-bed soft rocks softening appropriately.
Experimental fire performance assessment of a new type of prestressed composite circular precast concrete columns
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Reliability analysis of road networks in disaster waste management
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.WASMAN.2018.11.027
Abstract: The condition of road networks which connect disaster affected areas and final disposal sites has a critical role in the management of disaster waste. In this paper, we present a two-stage framework to estimate the overall reliability and failure modes of a disaster waste management system considering the reliability of each route involved in the road network. In the first stage, first order reliability method and Ditlevsen bounds are applied to estimate system reliability. In the second stage, an event tree approach is implemented to analyse the failure modes of the system. The methodology is demonstrated with an artificial case study considering three different scales of disasters. The results obtained from the case study can provide information to decision makers regarding the priority of the routes in the system and the most likely failure mode.
A Reliability-Based Framework for Damage Accumulation Due to Multiple Earthquakes: A Case Study on Bridges
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-06-2023
DOI: 10.3390/INFRASTRUCTURES8060106
Abstract: Damage accumulation due to multiple seismic impacts over time has a significant effect on the residual service life of the bridge. A reliability-based framework was developed to make decisions in bridge maintenance activities. The feature of the framework enables quantifying the time-dependent probability of failure of bridges due to the impact of multiple earthquakes and progressive deterioration. To estimate the reliability of the bridge systems, the probability of failure of the bridge was used. Two case studies were utilised to demonstrate how the method can be applied to the real world. Results show that the accumulated damage caused by multiple earthquakes and progressive deterioration significantly impact the remaining useful life of the bridge. Furthermore, the soil conditions predominantly influence the progressive deterioration and reduce the service life of the bridge. Overall, the proposed framework enables the sustainable decision-making process for bridge maintenance activities. The results reveal the necessity of including the combined impact in the bridge maintenance system and that there is a more than 40% increase in the probability of failure, due to the combined effect of progressive deterioration and earthquake impacts, compared to the impact only due to seismic loads for the considered case study bridge.
Public-school infrastructure ageing and current challenges in maintenance
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 16-08-2022
DOI: 10.1108/JQME-06-2021-0043
Abstract: School infrastructure is one of critical factors that significantly contribute to the educational outcomes, and therefore, maintaining the high quality of school infrastructure becomes of critical importance. Due to the ageing of school assets over time in combination with budget constraint and rapid growth of student enrolment, many public schools are currently struggling to maintain the required standard for long term. However, to date, the goal of providing the best maintenance practices to public schools has not been achieved. The present study focuses on studying the balance between the asset and maintenance management strategies and the funding model through conducting state-of-the-art literature review and qualitative analysis in the context of public schools in Australia and other developed countries around the world. Review of journal articles, different government reports and other available resources were used to collect and analyse the data in this study. As part of this review, significant under investment in maintenance and asset renewals were identified as main challenges in asset management in public school facilities. Although different maintenance strategies were used in school infrastructure, adequate funding, adequate robust asset management plans (AMPs) and the involvement of private sectors have been identified as the key factors that govern the success in school infrastructure maintenance. It also shows that funding of approximately 2–3% of asset replacement value (ARV) on school infrastructure is required to maintain school facilities for long-term. Further, the procurement methods such as public private partnership including private finance initiatives (PFIs) have shown great improvements in maintenance process in school infrastructure. The study provides a review of different AMPs and funding models in school infrastructure and their efficiencies and shortcoming in detail. Different states and countries use different maintenance models, and challenges associated with each model were also discussed. Further this study also provides some conclusive evidence for better maintenance performance for school buildings.
Reliability analysis for multiple-stage solid waste management systems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Large-rupture-strain (LRS) FRP-confined concrete in square stub columns: Effects of specimen size and assessments of existing models
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Experimental investigation of assembly-oriented steel column-beam connection with transverse reverse channels for prefabricated structures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Optimal time-dependent levels of weight-bearing for bone fracture healing under Ilizarov circular fixators
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Evaluation of superimposed bending behaviour of laminated channel beams in modular steel buildings subjected to lateral load
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Infrared Thermography for Detecting Subsurface Defects of Concrete Structures
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 23-12-2020
Wind-induced nonlinear behaviors of twin-box girder bridges with various aerodynamic shapes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-06-2018
Mechanical and interface bonding properties of epoxy resin reinforced Portland cement repairing mortar
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
A mathematical model for targeting chemicals to tissues by exploiting complex degradation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2011
Effects of grain dissolution–diffusion sliding and hydro-mechanical interaction on the creep deformation of soft rocks
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-06-2019
Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges Using Advanced Non-destructive Testing Technique
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 04-09-2020
Thermal performance of CRTS Ⅱ slab track-bridge structure under extreme temperatures: Numerical simulation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
New insights into the contribution of quartz powder byproduct from manufactured sand to the performance of cementitious materials
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-03-2023
Constructing a novel nano-TiO2/Epoxy resin composite and its application in alkali-activated slag/fly ash pastes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
A numerical method to study the fiber orientation and distribution of fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
Date: 30-03-2023
DOI: 10.1142/S021987622241002X
Abstract: Steel fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete (SCFRC) has been developed in recent decades to overcome the weak tensile performance of traditional concretes. As the flexural strength of SCFRC is dependent on the distribution of steel fibers, a numerical model based on Jeffery’s equation was developed in this study for investigating the effects of the concrete flow on the fiber orientation and distribution in SCFRC. This numerical method shows higher computational efficiency than available particle-based methods like SPH and LBM. The influence of casting parameters like casting method, formwork size and casting velocity on the fiber orientation is investigated from the perspective of the flow field of fresh concrete during casting. The simulation results show that the fiber orientation is largely dominated by the concrete flow during the casting process. Importantly, during casting SCFRC beam, fibers tend to be oriented in parallel along the longitudinal direction at the middle section, while they stick up at the end of the formwork due to the upward concrete flow. In addition, the results from parametric studies show that the formwork size and casting method could significantly affect the concrete flow during the casting process, ultimately the orientation of fibers in a SCFRC beam. Furthermore, it indicates that the casting speed needs to be carefully chosen in order to achieve the optimal fiber alignment.
Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Influence SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Efficacy or Immunogenicity: Sub-Studies Nested within the CORONAVIT Randomised Controlled Trial
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-09-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14183821
Abstract: Vitamin D deficiency has been reported to associate with the impaired development of antigen-specific responses following vaccination. We aimed to determine whether vitamin D supplements might boost the immunogenicity and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination by conducting three sub-studies nested within the CORONAVIT randomised controlled trial, which investigated the effects of offering vitamin D supplements at a dose of 800 IU/day or 3200 IU/day vs. no offer on risk of acute respiratory infections in UK adults with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations nmol/L. Sub-study 1 (n = 2808) investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection following two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Sub-study 2 (n = 1853) investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on titres of combined IgG, IgA and IgM (IgGAM) anti-Spike antibodies in eluates of dried blood spots collected after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Sub-study 3 (n = 100) investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on neutralising antibody and cellular responses in venous blood s les collected after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In total, 1945/2808 (69.3%) sub-study 1 participants received two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford–AstraZeneca) the remainder received two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer). Mean follow-up 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly elevated in the 800 IU/day vs. no-offer group (82.5 vs. 53.6 nmol/L mean difference 28.8 nmol/L, 95% CI 22.8–34.8) and in the 3200 IU/day vs. no offer group (105.4 vs. 53.6 nmol/L mean difference 51.7 nmol/L, 45.1–58.4). Vitamin D supplementation did not influence the risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated participants (800 IU/day vs. no offer: adjusted hazard ratio 1.28, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.84 3200 IU/day vs. no offer: 1.17, 0.81 to 1.70). Neither did it influence IgGAM anti-Spike titres, neutralising antibody titres or IFN-γ concentrations in the supernatants of S peptide-stimulated whole blood. In conclusion, vitamin D replacement at a dose of 800 or 3200 IU/day effectively elevated 25(OH)D concentrations, but it did not influence the protective efficacy or immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination when given to adults who had a sub-optimal vitamin D status at baseline.
Computational simulation of mechanical microenvironment of early stage of bone healing under locking compression plate with dynamic locking screws
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMM.553.281
Abstract: It is well known that bone healing outcomes highly depend on the mechanical microenvironment of the fracture site, and a certain degree of interfragmentary movement (IFM) is essential for indirect (i.e. natural) bone healing. The application of locking compression plate (LCP) internal fixation in the treatment of bone fracture is a common practice which leads to early mobility and full function of the fractured extremity. However should the fixation configuration be too stiff, it might result in delayed healing or asymmetric tissue development across the fracture site due to the fact that IFM in near cortex area is too small to promote healing. Dynamic locking screw (DLS) has been recently designed to tackle this problem by reducing the stiffness of LCP fixation. However, the actual mechano-regulation mechanisms in which DLS uses to regulate the healing process are still not fully understood. The objective of this paper is to develop a computational model to understand the change of mechanical microenvironment of fracture site under LCP with dynamic locking screw in comparison to standard locking screw, and how this change could potentially regulate tissue development within the fracture callus during the healing process.Keywords: bone healing, locking compression plate, dynamic locking screw, finite element modelling
Detecting structural damage to bridge girders using radar interferometry and computational modelling
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 02-02-2017
DOI: 10.1002/STC.1985
Relating building space to performance outcomes – A methodology to explore the relationship
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Flutter Characteristics of Thin Plate Sections for Aerodynamic Bridges
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 2018
A Comparative Study on the Degradation of Alkali-Activated Slag/Fly Ash and Cement-Based Mortars in Phosphoric Acid
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 09-03-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FMATS.2022.845349
Abstract: This study compares the degradation behavior of the alkali-activated slag/fly ash (AASF) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mortars exposed to phosphoric acid with different pH values. The experimental results show that AASF mortars exhibit better resistance than OPC mortars against surface damage, although both systems get white deposits on the surface in phosphoric acid with a relatively high pH level. AASF mortars obtained lower mass loss than OPC mortars in phosphoric acid with pH at 2 and 3. The strength reduction in AASF mortars after immersion in phosphoric acid is more significant than that in OPC mortars. However, total degradation depth of AASF was smaller than that of OPC regardless of the pH of the acid solutions. Based on the experimental data, linear relationships were identified between the slope of degradation depth–mass loss curves and the Al/Si and Ca/Si ratios of the binders. This may indicate a new way to assess the degradation behavior of AASF and OPC based on their chemical compositions.
Automation in Structural Health Monitoring of Transport Infrastructure
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2021
Developing a Framework for Dynamic Organizational Resilience Analysis in Prefabricated Construction Projects: A Project Life Cycle Perspective
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 10-2022
Investigation of role of cartilage surface polymer brush border in lubrication of biological joints
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-01-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S40544-020-0468-Y
Abstract: Although experimental evidence has suggested that the polymer brush border (PBB) on the cartilage surface is important in regulating fluid permeability in the contact gap, the current theoretical understanding of joint lubrication is still limited. To address this research gap, a multiscale cartilage contact model that includes PBB, in particular its effect on the fluid permeability of the contact gap, is developed in this study. Microscale modeling is employed to estimate the permeability of the contact gap. This permeability is classified into two categories: For a gap size 1 µm, the flow resistance is assumed to be dominated by the cartilage roughness for gap size 1 µm, flow resistance is assumed to be dominated by the surface polymers extending beyond the collagen network of the articular cartilage. For gap sizes of less than 1 µm, the gap permeability decreases exponentially with increasing aggrecan concentration, whereas the aggrecan concentration varies inversely with the gap size. Subsequently, the gap permeability is employed in a macroscale cartilage contact model, in which both the contact gap space and articular cartilage are modeled as two interacting poroelastic systems. The fluid exchange between these two media is achieved by imposing pressure and normal flux continuity boundary conditions. The model results suggest that PBB can substantially enhance cartilage lubrication by increasing the gap fluid load support (e.g., by 26 times after a 20-min indentation compared with the test model without a PBB). Additionally, the fluid flow resistance of PBB sustains the cartilage interstitial fluid pressure for a relatively long period, and hence reduces the vertical deformation of the tissue. Furthermore, it can be inferred that a reduction in the PBB thickness impairs cartilage lubrication ability.
The impact of technical standards on international project performance: Chinese contractors' experience
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Structural health monitoring of underground structures in reclamation area using fiber bragg grating sensors
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-06-2019
DOI: 10.3390/S19132849
Abstract: The long-term structural performance of underground structures in reclamation areas is very sensitive to the vibrations caused by vehicles passing above the structures and environmental factors (e.g., tide levels, rainfall and temperature). In the present study, an integrated remote real-time structural health monitoring system using fiber Bragg grating sensors was developed to assess the structural performance of underground structures. Using a composite road box-type structure project in a reclamation area in Southern China as a case study, the developed real-time system was implemented to investigate the effects of changes in tide levels, rainfall, temperature and vehicle induced vibrations on crack propagation in the structure. The results show that the change in tide levels has little influence on the change in crack width in the structure, whereas variations in temperature could significantly influence the crack width with an average Pearson correlation of around 0.8. In addition, the crack width generally decreases with an increase in rainfall. Furthermore, a relatively low frequency ( Hz) induced by the traffic could result in a relatively larger crack width.
New polymer composites improve silty clay soil microstructure: an evaluation using NMR
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-06-2021
DOI: 10.1002/LDR.3983
Abstract: Soil erosion is a major environmental threat. The purpose of this study was to develop new polymer soil improvers that could mitigate the risk of soil erosion by modifying the microstructure of the soil and improving the ecological self‐repair ability. In particular, this study investigated new polymer composites (ADNB) based on different combination ratios of nano‐aqueous adhesive (NAB) and superabsorbent resin (SARn). The effects of different types of ADNB on soil water characteristics and pore size distribution were systematically investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In addition, an empirical model based on experimental data was developed to describe the effects of ADNB on the soil‐water characteristic curves. The results showed that in comparison to natural soil, the application of ADNB could significantly increase the peak signal strength of the relaxation time curve. In addition, ADNB can effectively reduce the number of pores with diameters of 1.11–8.3 μm, increase the number of pores with diameters of 0.5–1.8 μm, but had little effect on the number of pores with diameters of 0–0.5 μm. Through NMR imaging analysis, the effects of ADNB on soil moisture absorption and storage were quantified. The results showed that the ratio and content of ADNB have an obvious effect on the soil‐water characteristic curve under low suction but showed little effect under high suction conditions, indicating that the water‐holding capacity has been improved.
Role of TNF-α in early-stage fracture healing under normal and diabetic conditions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.CMPB.2021.106536
Abstract: Inflammatory response plays a crucial role in the early stage of fracture healing. Immediately after fracture, the debris and immune cells (e.g., macrophages), recruited into the fracture callus, lead to the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which governs the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) mediated healing processes. However, it is still unclear how chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g., diabetes) affect the level of TNF-α in fracture callus, ultimately the healing outcomes at the early stage of healing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a numerical model for investigating TNF-α mediated bone fracture healing. A mathematical model consisting of a system of partial differential equations that represent the reactive transport of cells and cytokines in the fracture callus is developed in this study. The model is first calibrated by using available experimental data and then implemented to study the effect of TNF-α on the early stage of fracture healing under normal and diabetic conditions. There is a significant elevation of TNF-α level in facture callus during the first 24 h post-fracture in normal condition, and its influence in the concentration of MSCs and cell differentiation becomes significant three days post-fracture (e.g., the absence of TNF-α signaling could reduce the concentration of MSCs more than 20% in cortical callus). In addition, the excessive secretion of TNF-α induced by diabetes could decrease the concentration of MSCs at the initial stage of healing, particularly reduce the concentration of MSCs in cortical callus by around 25%. The model predictions suggested that there should be an optimal concentration of TNF-α in fracture callus, which enhances the early stage of healing, and excessive or insufficient secretion of TNF-α might significantly hinder the healing process.
Rheological Deformation Behavior of Soft Rocks under Combination of Compressive Pressure and Water-Softening Effects
Publisher: ASTM International
Date: 17-06-2019
DOI: 10.1520/GTJ20180342
Qualitative analysis of the Occupational Health and Safety performance of Chinese international construction projects
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-11-2018
DOI: 10.3390/SU10124344
Abstract: Chinese contractors undertaking international projects are frequently criticized for their poor Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) performance. It is noticed that people with different occupations may perceive OHS differently. From a qualitative perspective, this study investigates the perceived OHS performances of design managers and construction managers engaged in Chinese overseas construction projects, considering a range of subgroups classified by people’s overseas experience, project size, project industry, project location, and firm size. The analysis was based on an e-questionnaire survey that s led responses from 52 design managers and 160 construction managers involved in 110 international projects, and face-to-face interviews with 26 managers. The findings indicate that the assessment variation of OHS performance between design managers and construction managers is not only related to their different mental ways, but also can be mediated by their in-progress communication and affected by project and organizational conditions. The varying OHS performance in projects with different sizes or from different regions also suggests that Chinese contractors should be more proactive in OHS management instead of passively responding to external requirements.
Effects of dynamic loading on fracture healing under different locking compression plate configurations: A finite element study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMBBM.2019.03.004
Abstract: The design of patient specific weight-bearing exercises after the surgical implementation of internal fixations is of critical importance for bone fracture healing. The purpose of this study is to theoretically investigate the effects of physiologically relevant dynamic loading on early stage of fracture healing under different locking compression plate (LCP) configurations. The finite element results show that dynamic loading enhanced transport of bone cells and growth factors in the fracture callus is much dependent on the flexibility of LCP. In comparison to free diffusion, a relatively flexible LCP together with dynamic loading could significantly enhance solute transport in callus. For ex le, a flexible LCP achieved by increasing WL (Working Length) and BPD (Bone Plate Distance) (e.g. WL=100 mm and BPD=2 mm) together with a 5-h 150 N@1 Hz dynamic loading could increase the uptake of chondrocytes by around 280% compared to free diffusion, osteoblasts by around 180%, osteogenic growth factors by around 120% and chondrogenic growth factors by around 220%. In addition, dynamic loading enhanced transport of cells and growth factors under LCP is spatially dependent with a relatively higher enhancement in far cortex zone than that in near cortex zone. The outcomes from present study could potentially assist orthopaedic surgeons to determine optimal loading regimes with consideration of patient specific LCP configurations.
A microscale-based numerical model for investigating hygro-thermo-mechanical behaviour of 3D printed concrete at elevated temperatures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
The Effects of Dynamic Loading on Bone Fracture Healing under Ilizarov Circular Fixators
Publisher: ASME International
Date: 25-03-2019
DOI: 10.1115/1.4043037
Abstract: Early weight bearing appears to enhance bone fracture healing under Ilizarov circular fixators (ICFs). However, the role of early weight bearing in the healing process remains unclear. This study aims to provide insights into the effects of early weight bearing on healing of bone fractures stabilized with ICFs, with the aid of mathematical modeling. A computational model of fracture site was developed using poro-elastic formulation to simulate the transport of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteogenic growth factor (OGF), and chondrogenic growth factor (CGF) and MSC differentiation during the early stage of healing, under various combinations of fracture gap sizes (GS), ICF wire pretension forces, and axial loads. 1 h of physiologically relevant cyclic axial loading followed by 23 h of rest in the post-inflammation phase (i.e., callus with granulation tissue) was simulated. The results show that physiologically relevant dynamic loading could significantly enhance cell and growth factor concentrations in the fracture site in a time and spatially dependent manner. 1 h cyclic loading (axial load with litude, PA, of 200 N at 1 Hz) increased the content of chondrocytes up to 37% (in all zones of callus), CGF up to 28% (in endosteal and periosteal callus) and OGF up to 50% (in endosteal and cortical callus) by the end of the 24 h period simulated. This suggests that the synergistic effect of dynamic loading-induced advective transport and mechanical stimuli due to early weight bearing is likely to enhance secondary healing. Furthermore, the study suggests that relatively higher PA values or lower ICF wire pretension forces or smaller GS could result in increased chondrocyte and GF content within the callus.
Role of chemical and mechanical stimuli in mediating bone fracture healing
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-07-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1440-1681.2011.05652.X
Abstract: Bone is a remarkable living tissue that provides a framework for animal body support and motion. However, under excessive loads and deformations, bone is prone is to damage through fracture. Furthermore, once the bone is weakened by osteoporosis, bone fracture can occur even after only minimal trauma. Various techniques have been developed to treat bone fractures. Successful treatment outcomes depend on a fundamental understanding of the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the fracture site. Various cell types (e.g. mesenchymal stem cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts) within the fracture site tightly control the healing process by responding to the chemical and mechanical microenvironment. However, these mechanochemical regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood at the system level owing to the large range of variables, such as age, sex and disease-associated material properties of the tissue. Computational modelling can play an important role in unravelling this complexity by combining mechanochemical interactions, revealing the dominant controlling processes and optimizing system behaviour, thereby enabling the development and evaluation of treatment strategies for in idual patients.
Influence of aggregate surface treatment on corrosion resistance of cement composite under chloride attack
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
The effects of cyclic fluid pressure on time-dependent corrosion behaviour of offshore concrete caused by chloride ions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-05-2022
Monitoring the Dynamic Behavior of The Merlynston Creek Bridge Using Interferometric Radar Sensors and Finite Element Modeling
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1142/S175882511750003X
Abstract: Bridges play an important role in economic development and bring important social benefits. The development of innovative bridge monitoring techniques will enable road authorities to optimize operational and maintenance activities for bridges. However, monitoring the dynamic behavior of a bridge requires a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between the bridge and traffic loading which has not been fully achieved so far. In the present study, an integrated bridge health monitoring framework is developed using advanced 3D Finite Element modeling in conjunction with Weight-in-motion (WIM) technology and interferometric radar sensors (IBIS-S). The realistic traffic loads imposed on the bridge will be obtained through calibration and validation of traffic loading prediction model using real-time bridge dynamic behavior captured by IBIS-S and WIM data. Using the Merlynston Creek Bridge in Melbourne, Australia as a case study, it demonstrated that the proposed bridge monitoring framework can both efficiently and accurately capture the real-time dynamic behavior of the bridge under traffic loading as well as the dynamic characteristics of the bridge. The outcomes from this research could potentially enhance the durability of bridges which is an important component of the sustainability of transport infrastructure.
Changes in joint lubrication with the degree of meniscectomy and osteochondral junction integrity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN CYCLIC DEFORMED HETEROGENEOUS ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 09-2011
DOI: 10.1142/S175882511100110X
Abstract: Solute transport in biological tissues is a fundamental process of supplying nutrients to tissue cells. Due to the avascular nature of cartilage, nutrients have to diffuse into the tissue to exert their biological effects. Whilst significant research efforts have been made over last decade towards understanding the solute transport behavior within the cartilage, the effect of dynamic loading on the transport process is still not fully understood. By treating cartilage as a homogeneous tissue, recent theoretical studies generally indicate that physiologically relevant mechanical loading could potentially enhance solute uptake in cartilage. However, like most biological tissues, articular cartilage is actually an inhomogeneous tissue with direction-dependent mechanical properties (such as aggregate modulus and hydraulic permeability). The inhomogeneity of tissue mechanical properties may have considerable influence on solute transport, and thereby need critical investigation. Using an engineering approach, a quantitative theoretical model has been developed in this study to investigate the solute transport behavior in cartilage in consideration of its material inhomogeneity. Using a cylindrical cartilage disk undergoing unconfined cyclic deformation as a case study, the model results demonstrate that inhomogeneous cartilage properties could potentially influence the magnitude and profile of interstitial fluid velocity and pressure throughout the cartilage. Furthermore, the enhancement of solute transport by dynamic loading is depth-dependent due to the inhomogeneous distribution of material properties.
A Probabilistic Failure Risk Approach to The Problem of Articular Cartilage Lubrication
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Nonlinear behaviors of the flutter occurrences for a twin-box girder bridge with passive countermeasures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Impact of Payload Spectra of Heavy Vehicles on Pavement Based on Weigh-in-Motion Data
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 06-2019
Nonlinear flutter control of a long-span closed-box girder bridge with vertical stabilizers subjected to various turbulence flows
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Sensitivity analysis of geometrical design parameters on the compressive strength of the vertical inner-plate reinforced square hollow section T-joints: A finite element study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Indentation into an aluminium panel by the impact of a rigid spherical object
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Multiscale modelling of the seepage-induced failure of a soft rock slope
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-03-2022
Durability assessment of PEN/PET FRP composites based on accelerated aging in alkaline solution/seawater with different temperatures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Experimental studies on VIV performance and countermeasures for twin-box girder bridges with various slot width ratios
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
A Meso/Macroscale Theoretical Model for Investigating the Large Deformation of Soft Rock Tunnels Considering Creep and Anisotropic Effects
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S00603-023-03306-2
Abstract: The rheological deformation of soft rock resulting from tunnel excavation can lead to significant construction and safety challenges. In this study, a multiphase numerical model was developed to simulate the rheological deformation of soft rock surrounding a tunnel after excavation. The developed model considers the coupled meso/macroscale creep and damage processes of the rock using the coupled discrete element method–finite element method (DEM–FEM). In particular, the damage and deformation accumulation at the mesoscale (i.e., initial phase before excavation, loading phase due to the disturbance of the excavation and creep-induced damage phase leading to large deformation) were incorporated into the model. The model predictions were validated using field monitoring data. By incorporating the coupled meso/macroscale deformation process of the rock into the model, the predicted time-dependent displacements of the tunnel face agree reasonably well with the monitoring data. In addition, the results demonstrate that tunnel brittle damage accumulated in mineral clusters severely leads to instantaneous deformation, which becomes less important in the creep evolution stage. Furthermore, the results indicate that the final deformation is characterized by a high sensitivity to the value of mesoscale modeling parameters.
Computational study on synovial fluid flow behaviour in cartilage contact gap under osteoarthritic condition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Flexural behaviour of pairs of laminated unequal channel beams with different interfacial connections in corner-supported modular steel buildings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Effect of uncertain clinical conditions on the early healing and stability of distal radius fractures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Economic risk analysis for sustainable urban development: validation of framework and decision support technique
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-08-2013
The role of impairment of mesenchymal stem cell function in osteoporotic bone fracture healing
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-07-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S13246-017-0566-Y
Abstract: With demographic change and increasing life expectancy, osteoporotic fractures have become one of the most prevalent trauma conditions seen in daily clinical practice. A variety of factors are known to affect the rate of healing in osteoporotic conditions (e.g. both biochemical and biomechanical environment of callus cells). However, the influence of impairment of mesenchymal stem cell function in the osteoporotic condition on bone fracture healing has not been fully understood. In the present study, we develop a mathematical model that quantifies the change in biological processes within the fracture callus as a result of osteoporosis. The model includes special features of osteoporosis such as reduction in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) number in osteoporotic bone, impaired response of osteoporotic MSCs to their biomechanical microenvironment and the effects of configuration of locking compression plate (LCP) system on healing in this context. The results presented here suggest that mechanically-mediated MSCs differentiation at early stages of healing are significantly affected under osteoporotic conditions, while it is predicted that the flexible fixation achieved by increasing bone-plate distance of LCP could alleviate the negative effects of osteoporosis on healing. The outcomes of this study could potentially lead to patient specific surgical solutions, and thus achieve optimal healing outcomes in osteoporotic conditions.
Investigation on interfacial slipping response of laminated channel beams with bolt connections in modular steel buildings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Modeling Riverbank Slope Reinforcement Using Anti-Slide Piles with Geocells
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-04-2021
DOI: 10.3390/JMSE9040394
Abstract: Geocells are increasingly used in engineering applications, but the design of riverbank slope reinforcements that use only geocells limits reinforcement performance. Moreover, the design and use of anti-slide piles with geocells are mainly based on experiences that are unsupported by theoretical models. In this paper, by combining the confinement effect and vertical action mechanism of geocells, the horizontal friction mechanism of the geocell layer and the vertical support mechanism of piles, a theoretical model of riverbank slope reinforced by anti-slide piles with geocells was constructed. In addition, to describe the mechanical behavior of a riverbank slope reinforced by anti-slide piles with geocells, the slip-resisting mechanism of the anti-slide pile with interaction between geocells and their internal filler is considered in the model. Furthermore, to investigate the influence of changes in water level on riverbank slope stability, the developed model takes into account settlement, lateral displacement, pile bending moment and pile axial force. The model predications were validated by the field measurement data. The results from a series of parametric studies show that the use of anti-slide pile and geocells can effectively reduce the settlement and the lateral displacement of a riverbank slope. The developed model could contribute to an optimal design of anti-slide pile with geocells for enhancing the stability of a riverbank slope.
Bone fracture healing under Ilizarov fixator: Influence of fixator configuration, fracture geometry, and loading
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-04-2019
DOI: 10.1002/CNM.3199
Abstract: This study aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Ilizarov fixator configuration and its effects on bone fracture healing. Using Taylor spatial frame (TSF) as an ex le, the roles of critical parameters (ie, TSF ring diameter, wire pre-tension, fracture gap size, and axial load) that govern fracture healing during the early stages were investigated by using computational modelling in conjunction with mechanical testing involving an advanced 3D optical measurement system. The computational model was first validated using the mechanical test results and then used to simulate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiations within different regions of the fracture site under various combinations of TSF ring diameter, wire pre-tension, fracture gap size, and axial load values. Predicted spatially dependent MSC differentiation patterns and the influence of each parameter on differentiations were compared with in vivo results, and good agreement was seen between the two. Gap size was identified as the most influential parameter in MSC differentiation, and the influence of axial loading and TSF configuration (ie, ring diameter and wire pre-tension) on cell differentiation was seen to be gap size dependent. Most changes in cell differentiation were predicted in the external callus (periosteal), which is the crucial region of the callus in the early stages. However, for small gap sizes (eg, 1 mm), significant changes were predicted in the endosteal callus as well. The study exhibits the potential of computational models in assessing the performance of Ilizarov fixators as well as assisting surgeons in patient-specific clinical treatment planning.
Flexural strains in a toughened glass panel generated by impact of an ice sphere
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Linking mesoscopic and macroscopic aspects of inclined self-weight sandwich beams with functionally graded porous cores under moving loads
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
Date: 23-06-2023
DOI: 10.1142/S021945542340014X
Abstract: The surging interest in porous lightweight structures has been witnessed in recent years to pursue material innovations in broad engineering disciplines for sustainable developments and multifunctional proposes. Functionally graded (FG) porous composites represent a novel way to adjust mechanical characteristics by controlling the porosity distributions. However, the further advance in this field is challenged by the scale gap between mesoscopic and macroscopic aspects of porous structural analysis, i.e. how the local cellular morphologies impact the overall behaviors. The purpose of this paper is to bridge this gap by conducting a theoretical investigation on the performance of inclined self-weight sandwich beams with FG porous cores, where Young’s modulus is obtained with representative volume elements (RVEs) in a multiscale modeling study and depends on the cellular morphologies: average cell size and cell wall thickness. The material properties of closed-cell steel foams are adopted in a two-step assessment on target beams, including a static calculation to examine their bending deformations under gravitational loading which are then imported into a forced vibration analysis considering constant and harmonic moving forces. Timoshenko beam theory is used to establish the displacement field, while Ritz and Newmark methods are employed to solve the governing equations in terms of bending, free vibration, and forced vibration. The inclined beams are assumed to rest on a Pasternak foundation, and the corresponding structural responses can be determined based on the specific cell size and cell wall thickness, of which the effects are quantitatively revealed: the stiffness degradation induced from cellular morphologies increases the dynamic deflections, while the corresponding self-weight static deformations are reduced and the fundamental natural frequencies are raised. The influence from geometrical, boundary, and foundation conditions is also discussed to provide a comprehensive overview. This will be valuable for engineers to develop devisable foam-based load-carrying components with enhanced properties.
Estimation of dynamic response of structural elements subject to blast and impact actions using a simple unified approach
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2012
Coupled Seepage and Stress Model and Experiment Verification for Creep Behavior of Soft Rock
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 09-2020
A Coupled Macroscopic and Mesoscopic Creep Model of Soft Marine Soil Using a Directional Probability Entropy Approach
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-02-2021
DOI: 10.3390/JMSE9020224
Abstract: To mitigate the risk of structural failure in coastal engineering caused by soft marine soil creep, this study presents a coupled macroscopic and mesoscopic creep model of soft marine soil to predict long-term deformation behavior of the soil. First, the mesoscopic characteristics of soft marine soil (e.g., pore, particle, and morphological characteristics) under different external pressures were obtained using a scanning electron microscope. Then, both the mesoscopic and macroscopic characteristics of soil were quantified using directional probability entropy and then used as inputs to develop the model. The model predictions agree with the experimental data. In addition, the experimental results indicate linear negative correlations between porosity and pore ratio with stress—the relationships between the fractal dimension of pore distribution and probability entropy of particle orientation under stress are generally nonlinear. Further, results of sensitivity analysis indicate that the probability entropy of particle orientation is one of the most critical parameters governing long-term creep deformation behavior of soft marine soil.
Study of soil expansion characteristics in rainfall-induced red-bed shallow landslides: Microscopic and macroscopic perspectives
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-01-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0246214
Abstract: The main cause of rainfall-induced red-bed shallow landslides is the tendency of red-bed weathered soil to expand when it meets water. However, studies on the expansion mechanism of expansive soil have not considered the effects of hydration and particle orientation. In this study, the hydration force of soil was determined according to the electric double-layer theory, the particle direction of soil was determined by analyzing images of soil obtained by scanning electron microscopy, and, finally, a microscopic model of the electrical double layer of red-bed weathered expansive soil was established in which the hydration force and soil-particle orientation were taken into account. The results showed that the expansion of red-bed weathered expansive soil is the result of hydration forces and repulsive forces in the electric double layer. The grain orientation of the soil strongly influenced the microscopic model. The unloading expansion rate of red-bed weathered expansive soil decreased with an increase in cation concentration and a decrease in pH value. It increased with an increase in the hydration cation radius. These experiments indicate the reliability of the microscopic model and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of rainfall-induced red-bed shallow landslides.
Compressive behavior of FRP-confined ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) in circular columns
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Percolation Threshold of Red-Bed Soft Rock during Damage and Destruction
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-07-2022
DOI: 10.3390/APP12157615
Abstract: The critical damage point of the red-bed soft rock percolation phenomenon can be described as the percolation threshold. At present, there are insufficient theoretical and experimental studies on the percolation phenomenon and threshold of red-bed soft rock. In combination with theoretical analysis, compression experiment and numerical simulation, the percolation threshold and destruction of red-bed soft rock are studied in this paper. The theoretical percolation threshold of red-bed soft rock was obtained by constructing a renormalization group model of soft rock. Based on damage mechanics theory, rock damage characterization and strain equivalent hypothesis, a constitutive model of red-bed soft rock percolation damage was obtained. The percolation threshold of red-bed soft rock was determined by compression test and a damage constitutive model, which verified the rationality of the theoretical percolation threshold, and we numerically simulated the percolation of red-bed soft rock under triaxial compression. The results showed that the percolation threshold increases as the confining pressure rises, but decreases significantly with the action of water. In this study, the critical failure conditions and percolation characteristics of red-bed soft rock under different conditions were obtained. The relationship between percolation and soft rock failure was revealed, providing a new direction for studying the unstable failure of red-bed soft rock.
Computer Simulation of Contact Forces Generated by Impact
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1142/S0219455417500055
Abstract: Spring-connected lumped mass models are well-known tools for simulating the impact actions including forces generated at the point of contact which are responsible for localized damage to the target. However, the stiffness properties of the impactor would need to be known in order that such contact forces can be simulated with good accuracies. For most projectile materials, such information required for modeling is not available. A computational algorithm which forms part of a new modeling technique for simulating the contact forces is introduced in this paper. Cricket ball was used as the ex le impactor to illustrate the procedure.
Application of FRP Bolts in Monitoring the Internal Force of the Rocks Surrounding a Mine-Shield Tunnel
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-08-2018
DOI: 10.3390/S18092763
Abstract: Monitoring the internal force of the rocks surrounding a mine-shield tunnel for the initial support of a mine-shield tunnel, in complex geological and hydrological environments, requires bolts with specific features such as high tensile strength, low shear strength, good insulation and resistance to corrosion. As such, internal force monitoring has become an important issue in safety monitoring for such tunneling projects. In this paper, the adaptability of a mine-shield tunnel project in a corrosive environment is investigated. A fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) bolt with high tensile strength, low shear strength, resistance to fatigue, non-conductivity and resistance to corrosion is used as a probe in tandem with an anchor-head dynamometer to monitor the internal force of the rocks surrounding a mine-shield tunnel for initial support. Additionally, solar energy collection technology is introduced to create a remote monitoring system. Using a 2.5 km long railway tunnel located in the northeast of the Pearl River Delta of China as a case study, the present study shows that, compared with a conventional steel bolt, the FRP bolt has advantages, such as avoidance of the risks associated with the shield machine, insulation and resistance to corrosion. As a probe, the response of the FRP bolt to events such as a blasting vibration and a construction disturbance that results in internal changes in the surrounding rock demonstrates a clear pattern that is appropriate for monitoring the internal force of the rocks surrounding a mine-shield tunnel in a corrosive environment. FRP bolt-based monitoring not only provides new technological support for controlling the risk involved in the initial support of a mine-shield tunnel but can also be widely deployed in projects with special requirements for disassembly, conductivity and corrosion.
The effects of mechanical instability on PDGF mediated inflammatory response at early stage of fracture healing under diabetic condition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Harmonic Vibration of Inclined Porous Nanocomposite Beams
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_52
Abstract: This work investigated the linear harmonic vibration responses of inclined beams featured by closed-cell porous geometries where the bulk matrix materials were reinforced by graphene platelets as nanofillers. Graded and uniform porosity distributions combined with different nanofiller dispersion patterns were applied in the establishment of the constitutive relations, in order to identify their effects on beam behavior under various harmonic loading conditions. The inclined beam model comprised of multiple layers and its displacement field was constructed using Timoshenko theory. Forced vibration analysis was conducted to predict the time histories of mid-span deflections, considering varying geometrical and material characterizations. The findings may provide insights into the development of advanced inclined nanocomposite structural components under periodic excitations.
Interference Effect on Stationary Aerodynamic Performance between Parallel Bridges
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1142/S0219455417500171
Abstract: During the operation stage, parallel bridges may become nonparallel as a result of unequal load distribution between two parallel bridges and other special conditions. Aerodynamic performance could change significantly under nonparallel positions and become different from that under parallel positions. In this paper, the stationary aerodynamic performance of two parallel bridges under various nonparallel positions during operation stage is studied through a series of wind tunnel tests. This includes the investigation of two horizontal gap distances (HGDs), five relative vertical displacements (RVD) and five relative torsional displacements (RTD). First, sectional models of two closed box girders were tested in smooth flow for stationary aerodynamic force coefficients. An optimum iteration method was then used to calculate the structural displacements and torsional ergence critical wind velocities ([Formula: see text]) of two assumed suspension bridges under stationary aerodynamic force. The research outcomes demonstrated that the changes of stationary aerodynamic force coefficients are dependent on the relative displacements of two girders and wind attack angles. In addition, it was revealed that interference effects are detrimental to stationary aerodynamic instability of two bridges with a larger gap-width ratio (i.e. D/B [Formula: see text] 1), which is related to the aerodynamic shape of girders and bridge structures. Further, the [Formula: see text] of the leeward bridge significantly decline when the vertical position of the leeward bridge become higher that of the windward bridge. Most importantly, it showed that the combination of RVD and RTD (e.g. RVD [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm and RTD [Formula: see text]) could potentially lead to the worst stationary aerodynamic performance by decreasing [Formula: see text] of the windward and leeward bridge with 12.03% and 7.89%, respectively.
Aerodynamic Countermeasure Schemes of Super Long-Span Suspension Bridges with Various Aspect Ratios
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 05-2020
DOI: 10.1142/S0219455420500613
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the flutter control scheme of super long-span bridges with various aspect ratios (e.g. width to height (B/H)) using passive aerodynamic countermeasures. Through a series of wind tunnel testing and theoretical analysis, three types of passive aerodynamic countermeasures, i.e. vertical central stabilizer (VCS), wind barrier and inspection rail, were investigated for five typical aspect ratios of a closed-box girder bridge. The results show that both the aspect ratio and flutter critical wind speed generally increase with the decrease of the ratio of torsional and vertical frequencies of the bridge. In the case of an aspect ratio of 8.9, a downward VCS (DVCS) has a much better flutter performance than that of an upward VCS (UVCS) because aerodynamic d ing of Part A and Part D could produce a higher heaving degree of freedom (DOF) participation level. Furthermore, the position variation of wind barriers is superior to their shape variation for the bridge with an aspect ratio of 8.3, and the flutter performance of the girder with a combination of the wind barrier (WB3P3) and UDVCS with 0.3[Formula: see text]h/H DVCS appears to be better than that without countermeasures. In addition, the installation of an inspection rail near the bottom point of an inclined-web (IR3) has the best flutter control effect among four positions of inspection rails.
Experimental and numerical investigation of mechanical properties on novel modular connections with superimposed beams
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Improving Design by Partnering in Engineering–Procurement–Construction (EPC) Hydropower Projects: A Case Study of a Large-Scale Hydropower Project in China
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-12-2021
DOI: 10.3390/W13233410
Abstract: Hydropower, as a renewable energy resource, has become an important way to fit for Chinese long-term energy policy of energy transformation. Engineering–procurement–construction (EPC) has been increasingly adopted for improving hydropower project delivery efficiency in the utilization of water resources and generation of clean energy, where design plays a critical role in project success. Existing studies advocate the need to use partnering for better solutions to designs in EPC hydropower projects. However, there is a lack of a theoretical framework to systematically address design-related issues considering different participants’ interactions. This study coherently examined the causal relationships among partnering, design management, design capability, and EPC hydropower project performance by establishing and validating a conceptual model, with the support of data collected from a large-scale EPC hydropower project. Path analysis reveals that partnering can directly promote design management and design capability and exert an effect on design capability through enhancing design management, thereby achieving better hydropower project outcomes. This study’s contribution lies in that it theoretically builds the links between intra- and inter-organizational design-related activities by systematically mapping EPC hydropower project performance on partnering, design management, and design capability. These findings also suggest broad practical strategies for participants to optimally integrate their complementary resources into designs to achieve superior hydropower project performance.
A Proposed Method for the Use of the IBIS-FS in Experimental Modal Analysis of Buildings
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2019
Prediction of lubrication layer properties of pumped concrete based on flow induced particle migration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Toward the Understanding of Stress-Induced Mineral Dissolution via Molecular Scale Simulations
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-08-2020
Experimental and numerical investigation on the lateral force resistance of modular steel sub-frames with laminated double beam
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Mechanical and microstructural evolution of 3D printed concrete with polyethylene fiber and recycled sand at elevated temperatures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Degradation resistance of different cementitious materials to phosphoric acid attack at early stage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Preparation of TiO2 /epoxy resin composite and its effect on mechanical and bonding properties of OPC mortars
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Life-cycle modelling of concrete cracking and reinforcement corrosion in concrete bridges: A case study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Analytical Framework for Understanding the Differences between Technical Standards Originating from Various Regions to Improve International Hydropower Project Delivery
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-02-2022
DOI: 10.3390/W14040662
Abstract: The international hydropower construction market is continuously growing during the past decade. The existing literature points out that contractors are facing ongoing difficulties in achieving the objectives of developing international hydropower projects, which largely arise from the misunderstanding and poor use of international technical standards. However, there is a lack of a coherent framework to help systematically analyze the differences between technical standards originating from various regions. This study establishes an analytical framework that incorporates the essential factors of technical standards, namely philosophy of standards, logical structure, completeness of standards, calculation method, equipment and material requirements, test method, construction method, and application conditions of standards, and demonstrates their relationships from a holistic perspective. With support of the data collected from Chinese contractors, the results revealed the application status of various technical standards and their differences. Hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrates that unfamiliarity with the differences between domestic and international technical standards can cause multiple problems in international hydropower project delivery, concerning applying international standards, integrated project management, design, procurement, and construction, which have broad theoretical and practical implications. The outcomes of this study can not only help contractors improve their capabilities of applying international standards for achieving superior international hydropower project performance, but also facilitate mutual recognition of the standards from various regions, thereby maximizing the effectiveness of global resources such as expertise, technologies, methods, and products.
ESTIMATION OF RESPONSE OF PLATE STRUCTURE SUBJECT TO LOW VELOCTIY IMPACT BY A SOLID OBJECT
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 12-2012
DOI: 10.1142/S0219455412500538
Abstract: This paper introduces the use of a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) model which comprises two spring-connected lumped masses for analyzing the response behavior of a plate structure to a low velocity impact of a flying solid object. We propose a novel method for calculating the value of the equivalent lumped mass and that of the spring constant which characterizes the 2DOF model. This is an important contribution given that existing calculation methods that are based on results from modal analysis would only be suitable for modeling the impact actions of wind or blast. Analysis involving the use of a 2DOF model is inexpensive and convenient to operate whilst achieving very good accuracies as demonstrated herein. By contrast, modeling impact response behavior by finite element analyses can be very time consuming and labour intensive because of the need to model in detail the impactor in contact with the target.
A probabilistic study of ground motion simulation for Bangkok soil
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-12-2017
The transport of insulin-like growth factor through cartilage
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 24-08-2010
Performance of Compression Yielded FRP-Reinforced Concrete Beams with T Sections
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 04-2023
Investigation on True Stress-Strain Curves of Flat and Corner Regions of Cold-Formed Section Using 3D Digital Image Correlation Method
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 16-12-2019
DOI: 10.1155/2019/3138176
Abstract: The true stress-strain curve is the critical method to describe the practical material mechanical performance and the essential precondition to develop the advanced numerical simulation. Experimental, analytical, and numerical procedures were performed in present research to investigate the true stress-strain curves of flat and corner regions of the cold-formed channel section. The coupon tests with the 3D digital image correlation system were conducted on flat and corner specimens to directly obtain the true stress-strain curves. The experimental results indicate that the tensile secondary-hardening phenomenon at the plastic strain stage was observed in the true stress-strain curves of flat coupons, and initial strain hardening behavior was produced in that of corner coupons. Flat region exhibits a significant improvement of true ultimate strength compared to the engineering value. The stress status of the corner region is developed to ultimate strength at the early strain phase and exhibits a slight increase compared with the nominal values at the plastic phase. Cold-rolling action limits the ductility performance of the corner region, which highly restrains the tensile strain hardening at the plastic condition. Thus, the true yielding strength of the corner region is obviously higher, but the true ultimate strength is significantly lower than that of the flat region. Together with the optical measuring results, a trilinear model with two-stage strain hardening and a simplified trilinear models were established for describing the true stress-strain curves of flat and corner regions, respectively. The load-displacement curves from numerical simulations fit very well with those of coupon tests, which validate the reliability of the optic measurement and the dependability of the simplified constitutive models.
COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF BONE FRACTURE HEALING BY USING THE THEORY OF POROUS MEDIA
Publisher: IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS
Date: 2015
Nanotechnology in Construction for Circular Economy
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Date: 2023
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