ORCID Profile
0000-0001-9216-5184
Current Organisation
University of Washington
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2016.04.016
Abstract: Executive Functioning (EF) deficits in bipolar disorder (BD) are commonly present regardless of mood state and therefore are considered core features of the illness. However, very little is known about the temporal stability of these deficits. We examined the natural course of EF over a five year period in BD and healthy control (HC) s les. Using a 5-year longitudinal cohort, 91 in iduals with BD and 17 HC were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests that captured four main areas of EF: Processing Speed with Interference Resolution, Verbal Fluency with Processing Speed, Inhibitory Control, and Conceptual Reasoning and Set Shifting. Evaluations occurred at study entry, one, and five years later. Latent Growth Curve Modeling demonstrated that the BD group performed significantly worse in all EF areas than the HC group. Changes in EF from baseline to 5-year follow-up were similar across both diagnostic groups. Older age at baseline, above and beyond education and diagnosis, was associated with worse initial performance in EF. Being of older age was associated with greater decline in Processing Speed with Interference Resolution, and Verbal Fluency with Processing Speed. Higher education was marginally associated with a smaller declining slope for Processing Speed with Interference Resolution. Executive functioning deficits in BD persist over time, and in the context of normative age-related decline, may place in iduals at greater risk for cognitive disability as the disease progresses. Age and having a BD diagnosis together, however, do not accelerate executive functioning decline over time.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 13-07-2023
Abstract: Knee osteoarthritis is one of the primary causes of chronic pain among older adults and because of the aging population, the number of total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) performed is exponentially increasing. While pain reduction is a goal of TKA, movement-evoked pain is rarely assessed pre- and post-TKA. We characterized the distributions of change in pain, function, and situational catastrophizing in patients from pre-surgery to 3 months post-surgery and explored associations among these pre-post changes. This prospective study longitudinally assessed movement-evoked pain, function, and situational catastrophizing in patients with knee osteoarthritis (N=92) using in-person performance-based tests (6-minute walk test [6MWT], stair-climb test [SCT]) prior to and 3-months after TKA. Patients also completed the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Scales (WOMAC) pain and function subscales, and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), pre-surgery and 3- and 6-months post-surgery. Movement-evoked pain and function on performance tests significantly improved from pre- to post-TKA. Improved SCT function was associated with reduced SCT pain and catastrophizing. Similarly, reduced pain during the SCT was associated with reduced catastrophizing during the SCT. However, 6MWT function was not associated with 6MWT pain or catastrophizing yet reduced pain during the 6MWT was associated with reduced catastrophizing during the 6MWT. Reduced movement-evoked pain during both performance tests was consistently associated with improved WOMAC function and pain, whereas improved function on performance tests was inconsistently associated with WOMAC function and pain. Notably, greater movement-evoked pain on both performance tests at 3-months post-TKA was associated with worse WOMAC function and pain at 6 months, whereas better function on performance tests at 3-months was associated with better WOMAC function, but not related to WOMAC pain at 6 months. Findings highlight the importance of situation-specific and in-vivo assessments of pain and catastrophizing during physical activity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2014.06.038
Abstract: Openness to experience (O) is a well-established personality factor and is associated with cognitive performance. Little is known about the personality-cognitive relationship in bipolar disorder, an illness with significant variability in mood. Cognitive evaluation is essential in psychopathology assessment as it may reflect underlying disease processes and psychosocial functional capacity. Screening using a proxy personality variable may identify those in need of comprehensive cognitive testing. We hypothesized that O and measures of cognition would associate in both the Bipolar Disorder (BD) and healthy control (HC) s les, whereas neuroticism and extraversion would correlate with cognition only in the BD s le. Data from a longitudinal study of BD were used to study the association between personality factors and cognitive measures of attention, executive functioning, memory and fine motor skills. Regression analyses were used to determine the variables that account for the association between personality and cognition. Aspects of O explained significant cognitive variance (~5%) in both groups this persisted when demographic variables (including BD versus HC status) were considered. Neuroticism and extraversion did not consistently correlate with cognitive performance in either group. There were more females in the HC group who were slightly younger compared to the BD group. We lack direct measures of positive affect, and there is a reliance on a single measure of personality. BD In iduals scoring low on self-reported Openness are potential candidates for more comprehensive cognitive assessments (which represent a limited resource).
No related grants have been discovered for Bethany Pester.