ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1562-1307
Current Organisations
Université de Montréal
,
Centre Hospitalier de L'Universite de Montreal
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-06-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-07-2010
DOI: 10.1002/JCOP.20391
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2009.05.005
Abstract: Limited empirical research on social capital has investigated the potential downside of social capital on health and well-being. We hypothesized that social capital and mastery might vary according to education with lower-educated persons experiencing fewer advantages. This study used a stratified cluster design to recruit a volunteer s le of 332 adult residents from 7 metropolitan census tracts. The survey included a position generator to collect social capital network data. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for the clustering of respondents in census tracts. Results indicated a differential association between in idual social capital and mastery according to educational attainment. Among persons with a high school degree or more, higher social capital was associated with a higher sense of mastery among less-educated persons, higher in idual social capital was associated with lower mastery. Differences in the pathways by which lower- and upper-educated groups access social capital may play a role in social capital's negative association with psychological well-being.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-07-2012
DOI: 10.1017/S136898001200273X
Abstract: To examine associations between the availability of residential-area food sources and dietary patterns among seniors. Cross-sectional analyses. In idual-level data from the NuAge study on nutrition and healthy ageing were merged with geographic information system data on food store availability and area-level social composition. Two dietary patterns reflecting lower- and higher-quality diets (respectively designated ‘western’ and ‘prudent’) were identified from FFQ data. Two food source relative availability measures were calculated for a 500 m road-network buffer around participants’ homes: (i) proportion of fast-food outlets (%FFO) relative to all restaurants and (ii) proportion of stores potentially selling healthful foods (%HFS, healthful food stores) relative to all food stores. Associations between dietary patterns and food source exposure were tested in linear regression models accounting for in idual (health and sociodemographic) and area-level (socio-economic and ethnicity) covariates. Montréal metropolitan area, Canada. Urban-dwelling older adults ( n 751), aged 68 to 84 years. %FFO was inversely associated with prudent diet ( β = −0·105 P 0·05) and this association remained statistically significant in models accounting for %HFS. %HFS was inversely associated with lower western diet scores ( β = −0·124 P 0·01). This latter association no longer reached significance once models were adjusted for area-level covariates. In Montréal, the food environment is related to the diet of older adults but these links are more complex than straightforward. The absence of significant relationships between healthful food stores and prudent diets, and between fast-food outlets and western diets, deserves further investigation.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-12-2009
Publisher: CMA Impact Inc.
Date: 28-04-2019
DOI: 10.1503/CMAJ.181506
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2011.03.002
Abstract: Cycling contributes to physical activity and health. Public bicycle share programs (PBSPs) increase population access to bicycles by deploying bicycles at docking stations throughout a city. Minimal research has systematically examined the prevalence and correlates of PBSP use. To determine the prevalence and correlates of use of a new public bicycle share program called BIXI (name merges the word BIcycle and taXI) implemented in May 2009 in Montreal, Canada. A total of 2502 adults were recruited to a telephone survey in autumn 2009 via random-digit dialing according to a stratified random s ling design. The prevalence of BIXI bicycle use was estimated. Multivariate logistic regression allowed for identification of correlates of use. Data analysis was conducted in spring and summer 2010. The unweighted mean age of respondents was 47.4 (SD=16.8) years and 61.4% were female. The weighted prevalence for use of BIXI bicycles at least once was 8.2%. Significant correlates of BIXI bicycle use were having a BIXI docking station within 250 m of home, being aged 18-24 years, being university educated, being on work leave, and using cycling as the primary mode of transportation to work. A newly implemented public bicycle share program attracts a substantial fraction of the population and is more likely to attract younger and more educated people who currently use cycling as a primary transportation mode.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2010
Abstract: Local fast-food environments have been increasingly linked to obesity and related outcomes. In iduals who are more sensitive to reward-related cues might be more responsive to such environments. This study aimed to assess the moderating role of sensitivity to reward on the relation between residential fast-food restaurant exposure and fast-food consumption. Four hundred fifteen in iduals (49.6% men mean age: 34.7 y) were s led from 7 Montreal census tracts stratified by socioeconomic status and French/English language. The frequency of fast-food restaurant visits in the previous week was self-reported. Sensitivity to reward was self-reported by using the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) scale. Fast-food restaurant exposure within 500 m of the participants' residence was determined by using a Geographic Information System. Main and interactive effects of the BAS and fast-food restaurant exposure on fast-food consumption were tested with logistic regression models that accounted for clustering of observations and participants' age, sex, education, and household income. Regression results showed a significant interaction between BAS and fast-food restaurant exposure (P < 0.001). Analysis of BAS tertiles indicated that the association between neighborhood fast-food restaurant exposure and consumption was positive for the highest tertile (odds ratio: 1.49 95% CI: 1.20, 1.84 P < 0.001) but null for the intermediate (odds ratio: 1.03 95% CI: 0.80, 1.34 P = 0.81) and lowest (odds ratio: 0.84 95% CI: 0.51, 1.37 P = 0.49) tertiles. Reward-sensitive in iduals may be more responsive to unhealthful cues in their immediate environment.
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Date: 03-2013
Abstract: Objectives. We examined associations between residential exposure to BIXI (BIcycle-taXI)—a public bicycle share program implemented in Montreal, Quebec, in 2009, which increases accessibility to cycling by making available 5050 bicycles at 405 bicycle docking stations—and likelihood of cycling (BIXI and non-BIXI) in Montreal over the first 2 years of implementation. Methods. Three population-based s les of adults participated in telephone surveys. Data collection occurred at the launch of the program (spring 2009), and at the end of the first (fall 2009) and second (fall 2010) seasons of implementation. Difference in differences models assessed whether greater cycling was observed for those exposed to BIXI compared with those not exposed at each time point. Results. We observed a greater likelihood of cycling for those exposed to the public bicycle share program after the second season of implementation (odds ratio = 2.86 95% confidence interval = 1.85, 4.42) after we controlled for weather, built environment, and in idual variables. Conclusions. The implementation of a public bicycle share program can lead to greater likelihood of cycling among persons living in areas where bicycles are made available.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-2012
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 21-12-2013
Abstract: Objective: This article examined the associations between proximity to selected locations considered to be conducive to social participation, and social participation itself, in urban-dwelling seniors. Methods: A s le of 520 older adults residing in the Montreal area provided reports of social participation and information about health, sociodemographic characteristics, social networks, and perceptions about features of their residential environment. Information about the distance between their home and five locations deemed to be conducive to social participation were obtained from a geographic information system. Results: Analyses showed a significant association between proximity to selected locations and social participation while accounting for in idual characteristics and perceptions of neighborhood features (β = 0.37 SE = 0.17 p 0.05). Discussion: Findings were consistent with contributions highlighting the impact of the built environment on seniors’ health-related behavior. Future work would benefit from the use of longitudinal designs and examinations of social participation through alternate channels.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-06-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-11-2008
Abstract: Food- and activity-related establishments are increasingly viewed as neighbourhood resources that potentially condition health-related behaviour. The primary objective of the current study was to establish, using ground truthing (on-site verification), the validity of measures of availability of food stores and physical activity establishments that were obtained from commercial database and Internet searches. A secondary objective was to examine differences in validity results according to neighbourhood characteristics and commercial establishment categories. Lists of food stores and physical activity-related establishments in 12 census tracts within the Montreal metropolitan region were compiled using a commercial database (n = 171 establishments) and Internet search engines (n = 123 establishments). Ground truthing through field observations was performed to assess the presence of listed establishments and identify those absent. Percentage agreement, sensitivity (proportion of establishments found in the field that were listed), and positive predictive value (proportion of listed establishments found in the field) were calculated and contrasted according to data sources, census tracts characteristics, and establishment categories. Agreement with field observations was good (0.73) for the commercial list, and moderate (0.60) for the Internet-based list. The commercial list was superior to the Internet-based list for correctly listing establishments present in the field (sensitivity), but slightly inferior in terms of the likelihood that a listed establishment was present in the field (positive predictive value). Agreement was higher for food stores than for activity-related establishments. Commercial data sources may provide a valid alternative to field observations and could prove a valuable tool in the evaluation of commercial environments relevant to eating behaviour. In contrast, this study did not find strong evidence in support of commercial and Internet data sources to represent neighbourhood opportunities for active lifestyle.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 04-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2002
DOI: 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00473-7
Abstract: Although many studies have attempted to identify mediators and moderators of changes in physical activity involvement, the literature is inconclusive regarding which variable(s) relate to physical activity behavior change. The Cooper 2001 Conference series dedicated a session to discussing measurement and statistical methods that could contribute to advancing this research agenda. This article focuses on four such methodologic approaches: qualitative psychometric latent-variable, structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling. The article presents a brief overview of these methods and discusses potential advantages and limitations of using them.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 24-12-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2012
Abstract: This paper examined whether or not closer proximity to local services and amenities was associated with maintenance of more frequent walking over time among urban-dwelling seniors over and above in idual-level characteristics. A s le of 521 adults who were part of the VoisiNuAge study and who resided in a large North American urban area reported on the frequency of walking outside the home over a 3-year period and on their health, sociodemographic characteristics, social support and resources, and perceptions of different features of their residential environment. Information about the distance between their home and 16 services and amenities was obtained from a geographic information system. Seniors were then classified into quartiles of proximity (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4). Unadjusted and adjusted ordinal growth curve models showed that closer proximity to services and amenities was associated with greater likelihood of frequent walking at all times throughout the 3-year period. Findings are consistent with the notion that environments may act as buoys for the maintenance of important health behaviors. Future experimental and quasi-experimental research is required to explore whether or not the environment can play a causal role in influencing patterns of walking over time.
No related grants have been discovered for Lise Gauvin.