ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1934-7827
Current Organisation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Publisher: American Public Health Association
Date: 06-2006
Abstract: Objectives. We estimated HIV prevalence rates among young adults in the United States. Methods. We used survey data from the third wave of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a random s le of nearly 19000 young adults initiated in 1994–1995. Consenting respondents were screened for the presence of antibodies to HIV-1 in oral mucosal transudate specimens. We calculated prevalence rates, accounting for survey design, response rates, and test performance. Results. Among the 13184 participants, the HIV prevalence rate was 1.0 per 1000 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4, 1.7). Gender-specific prevalence rates were similar, but rates differed markedly between non-Hispanic Blacks (4.9 per 1000 95% CI=1.8, 8.7) and members of other racial/ethnic groups (0.22 per 1000 95% CI=0.00, 0.64). Conclusions. Racial disparities in HIV in the United States are established early in the life span, and our data suggest that 15% to 30% of all cases of HIV occur among in iduals younger than 25 years.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-10-2011
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 22-11-2005
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Date: 04-2009
Abstract: Objectives. More than one quarter of HIV-infected people are undiagnosed and therefore unaware of their HIV-positive status. Blacks are disproportionately infected. Although perceived racism influences their attitudes toward HIV prevention, how racism influences their behaviors is unknown. We sought to determine whether perceiving everyday racism and racial segregation influence Black HIV testing behavior. Methods. This was a clinic-based, multilevel study in a North Carolina city. Eligibility was limited to Blacks (N = 373) seeking sexually transmitted disease diagnosis or screening. We collected survey data, block group characteristics, and lab-confirmed HIV testing behavior. We estimated associations using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. Results. More than 90% of the s le perceived racism, which was associated with higher odds of HIV testing (odds ratio = 1.64 95% confidence interval = 1.07, 2.52), after control for residential segregation, and other covariates. Neither patient satisfaction nor mechanisms for coping with stress explained the association. Conclusions. Perceiving everyday racism is not inherently detrimental. Perceived racism may improve odds of early detection of HIV infection in this high-risk population. How segregation influences HIV testing behavior warrants further research.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/SH12165
Abstract: BackgroundHotel-based sex workers in Bangladesh have high rates of sexually transmissible infections (STIs), high client turnover and low condom use. Two monthly clinic-based strategies were compared: periodic presumptive treatment (PPT) and enhanced syndromic management (ESM) – one round of presumptive treatment followed by treatment based on assessment and laboratory tests. Methods: A randomised controlled trial compared PPT and ESM by prevalence and incidence, behaviour, retention, cost and STI incidence and prevalence. Demographic, behavioural and clinical data were collected from women at two clinics in Dhaka. All women received presumptive treatment and were randomised to receive PPT or ESM at nine monthly visits. Results: In total, 549 women (median age: years) were enrolled. At baseline, the prevalence of chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) and gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) was 41% (ESM: 41% PPT: 42%). After 9 months, chlamydia and gonorrhoea decreased to 7% overall, (ESM: 7.4% PPT: 6.8%). At each visit, 98% of women receiving ESM met the therapy criteria and were treated. Retention was low (50%). Total costs were 50% lower per visit for each woman for PPT (ESM: $11.62 v. PPT: $5.80). The number of sex work sessions was reduced from 3.3 to 2.5 (P 0.001), but income did not change. Coercion was reduced but condom use at last sex did not change significantly. Conclusions: Monthly PPT and ESM were effective approaches for STI control. PPT offered a feasible, low-cost alternative to ESM. Educational aspects led to a reduction in coercion and fewer sessions. Implementation studies are needed to improve condom use and retention.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 25-07-2011
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2005
DOI: 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000179874.76360.AD
Abstract: The prevalence of trichomoniasis in the general population of the United States is unknown. This study provides the first population-based prevalence estimates of trichomoniasis among young adults in the United States. The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) is an ongoing prospective cohort study. In a cross-sectional analysis of Wave III of Add Health (N = 12,449), we determined the prevalence of trichomoniasis using a polymerase chain reaction assay. The estimated overall prevalence of trichomoniasis in U.S. young adults was 2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-2.7%). The prevalence was slightly higher among women (2.8% 95% CI, 2.2-3.6%) than men (1.7% 95% CI, 1.3-2.2%). The prevalence increased with age and varied by region, with the south having the highest prevalence (2.8% 95% CI, 2.2-3.5%). The prevalence was highest among black women (10.5% 95% CI, 8.3-13.3%) and lowest among white women (1.1% 95% CI, 0.8-1.6%). Among men, the prevalence was highest among Native Americans (4.1% 95% CI, 0.4-29.3%) and blacks (3.3% 95% CI, 2.2-4.9%), and lowest among white men (1.3% 95% CI, 0.9-1.8%). Trichomoniasis is moderately prevalent among the general U.S. population of young adults and disturbingly high among certain racial/ethnic groups.
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 12-05-2004
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 18-08-2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
Location: United States of America
No related grants have been discovered for William C Miller.