ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2327-3306
Current Organisation
University of Nottingham
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-09-2010
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-09-2010
Publisher: CMA Joule Inc.
Date: 20-09-2010
DOI: 10.1503/CMAJ.091891
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 04-10-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.03.22280649
Abstract: This study aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on critical care by examining associations between vaccination and admission to critical care with COVID-19 during England’s Delta wave, by age group, dose, and over time. We used linked routinely-collected data to conduct a population cohort study of patients admitted to adult critical care in England for management of COVID-19 between 1 May and 15 December 2021. Included participants were the whole population of England aged 18 years or over (44.7 million), including 10,141 patients admitted to critical care with COVID-19. The intervention was vaccination with one, two, or a booster/three doses of any COVID-19 vaccine. Compared with unvaccinated patients, vaccinated patients were older (median 64 years for patients receiving two or more doses versus 50 years for unvaccinated), with higher levels of severe comorbidity (20.3% versus 3.9%) and immunocompromise (15.0% versus 2.3%). Compared with patients who were unvaccinated, those vaccinated with two doses had a relative risk reduction (RRR) of between 90.1% (patients aged 18–29, 95% CI, 86.8% to 92.7%) and 95.9% (patients aged 60–69, 95% CI, 95.5% to 96.2%). Waning was only observed for those aged 70+, for whom the RRR reduced from 97.3% (91.0% to 99.2%) to 86.7% (85.3% to 90.1%) between May and December but increased again to 98.3% (97.6% to 98.8%) with a booster/third dose. Important demographic and clinical differences exist between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients admitted to critical care with COVID-19. While not a causal analysis, our findings are consistent with a substantial and sustained impact of vaccination on reducing admissions to critical care during England’s Delta wave, with evidence of waning predominantly restricted to those aged 70+.
Publisher: American College of Physicians
Date: 21-12-1999
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-131-12-199912210-00005
Abstract: Up to 3 years of treatment with alendronate, 5 mg/d, prevents postmenopausal bone loss. To determine whether the effect of alendronate is sustained at 4 years of treatment and persists after treatment is discontinued. Randomized, controlled trial. United States and Europe. 1609 postmenopausal women 45 to 59 years of age. Participants were randomly assigned to receive oral alendronate, 5 mg/d or 2.5 mg/d placebo or open-label estrogen-progestin. Women in the alendronate groups received alendronate for the first 2 years of the study. Treatment was then continued without change or replaced with placebo for the last 2 years of the study. Annual measurement of bone mineral density. By year 4, the bone mineral density of participants in the placebo group had decreased by 1% to 6% (P < 0.001). Four years of treatment with 5 mg of alendronate per day increased bone mineral density at the spine (mean change [+/-SE], 3.8%+/-0.3%), hip (mean, 2.9%+/-0.2%), and total body (mean, 0.9%+/-0.2%) (P < 0.001 overall). By year 4, bone mineral density at most skeletal sites was greater in participants who switched from alendronate to placebo than in those who continuously received placebo. In years 3 and 4, bone loss in participants who switched from alendronate to placebo was similar to that seen during years 1 and 2 in those who continuously received placebo. Compared with 5 mg of alendronate per day, estrogen-medroxyprogesterone acetate produced similar increases in bone mineral density and estradiol-norethisterone acetate produced increases that were substantially greater. Four years of treatment with alendronate or estrogen-progestin prevented postmenopausal bone loss. A residual effect was seen 2 years after alendronate therapy was stopped however, continuous alendronate treatment was more effective in preventing postmenopausal bone loss than 2 years of alendronate followed by 2 years of placebo.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-1996
Abstract: We compared bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole body (and subregions: arm, leg, and pelvis), hip, spine, lateral spine, wrist, and forearm among Caucasian and Asian women at four geographic centers (Honolulu, HI Nottingham, UK Portland, OR Copenhagen, Denmark). Data were derived from the baseline examination of 1367 Caucasian and 162 Asian women enrolled in the 1609-subject Early Postmenopausal Interventional Cohort (EPIC) study. After adjusting for age, study site, years postmenopause, and years of estrogen use, BMD was approximately 4-6% lower (P < 0.05) among Asian women at most skeletal sites, but there was no significant difference for wrist or forearm BMD. Adding height, lean body mass, fat mass, and/or quadriceps muscle strength to the regression models reduced the racial differences at most skeletal sites after these additional adjustments, Asian women had significantly lower BMD only for the lateral spine (-4.4% P < 0.005), arm (-2.20% P < 0.05) and leg (-1.65% P < 0.05), whereas the wrist was significantly greater (4.64% P < 0.005) for Asian women. Further research is needed to determine why racial differences in BMD persist at certain skeletal sites, but not others, after adjusting for body size.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.VACCINE.2010.12.017
Abstract: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) peaks in winter months, partly linked to epidemic influenza. This implies that influenza vaccination may prevent some cases of AMI. This study investigated the association between influenza vaccination and AMI using the self-controlled case-series method. We identified 8180 cases of first AMI aged 40 years and over at time of diagnosis. The incidence of AMI was significantly reduced in the 60 days following vaccination (compared with the baseline period), ranging from a reduction of 32% (IRR 0.68 95% CI 0.60-0.78) at 1-14 days after vaccination, to 18% (IRR 0.82 95% CI 0.75-0.90) at 29-59 days after vaccination. Reductions in AMI incidence were more pronounced for early seasonal vaccinations before mid-November.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 22-12-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.21.20248467
Abstract: This study examined the COVID-19 risk perceptions and mental health of university students on returning to c us in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was completed during the first four weeks of the academic year (October 2020) by 897 university students. The survey included demographics and measures of experiences of COVID-19 testing, self-isolation, shielding, perceived risk, mental health and indices capturing related psychological responses to the pandemic. We observed higher levels of depression and anxiety, but not stress, in students compared with pre- pandemic normative data, but lower than levels reported earlier in the pandemic in other similar cohorts. Depression, anxiety and stress were independently associated with greater loneliness and reduced positive mood. Greater worry about COVID-19 was also independently associated with anxiety and stress. Female students and those with pre-existing mental health disorders were at greatest risk of poor mental health outcomes. Although students perceived themselves at only moderate risk of COVID-19, the prevalence of depression and anxiety among university students should remain a concern. Universities should provide adequate support for students’ mental health during term-time. Interventions to reduced loneliness and worry, and improve mood, may benefit students’ overall mental well-being.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Carol Coupland.