ORCID Profile
0000-0003-0254-8099
Current Organisations
Flinders University School of Medicine
,
Flinders University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Biochemistry and Cell Biology | Analytical Biochemistry | Plant Biology not elsewhere classified | Supramolecular Chemistry | Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry | Biological And Medical Chemistry | Analytical Chemistry Not Elsewhere Classified | Agricultural Biotechnology not elsewhere classified | Systems Biology
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Human Pharmaceutical Treatments (e.g. Antibiotics) | Wine Grapes | Beverages (excl. Fruit Juices) | Clinical health not specific to particular organs, diseases and conditions | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | National Security | Biological sciences | Chemical sciences |
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Publications
Lymphoma Driver Mutations in the Pathogenic Evolution of an Iconic Human Autoantibody
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
MALDI-MS-Imaging of Whole Human Lens Capsule
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 29-06-2011
DOI: 10.1021/PR200148K
Abstract: The ocular lens capsule is a smooth, transparent basement membrane that encapsulates the lens and is composed of a rigid network of interacting structural proteins and glycosaminoglycans. During cataract surgery, the anterior lens capsule is routinely removed in the form of a circular disk. We considered that the excised capsule could be easily prepared for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) analysis. MALDI-MSI is a powerful tool to elucidate the spatial distribution of small molecules, peptides, and proteins within tissues. Here, we apply this molecular imaging technique to analyze the freshly excised human lens capsule en face. We demonstrate that novel information about the distribution of proteins by MALDI-MSI can be obtained from this highly compact connective tissue, having no evident histo-morphological characteristics. Trypsin digestion carried out on-tissue is shown to improve MALDI-MSI analysis of human lens capsules and affords high repeatability. Most importantly, MALDI-MSI analysis reveals a concentric distribution pattern of proteins such as apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and collagen IV alpha-1 on the anterior surface of surgically removed lens capsule, which may indicate direct or indirect effects of environmental and mechanical stresses on the human ocular lens.
IgV peptide mapping of native Ro60 autoantibody proteomes in primary Sjögren's syndrome reveals molecular markers of Ro/La diversification
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Evidence for the interaction of peroxiredoxin-4 with the store-operated calcium channel activator STIM1 in liver cells
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CECA.2018.05.002
Abstract: Ca
Huntingtin-associated protein-1 is a synapsin I-binding protein regulating synaptic vesicle exocytosis and synapsin I trafficking.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-07-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JNC.13703
Abstract: Huntingtin-associated protein-1 (HAP1) is involved in intracellular trafficking, vesicle transport, and membrane receptor endocytosis. However, despite such erse functions, the role of HAP1 in the synaptic vesicle (SV) cycle in nerve terminals remains unclear. Here, we report that HAP1 functions in SV exocytosis, controls total SV turnover and the speed of vesicle fusion in nerve terminals and regulates glutamate release in cortical brain slices. We found that HAP1 interacts with synapsin I, an abundant neuronal phosphoprotein that associates with SVs during neurotransmitter release and regulates synaptic plasticity and neuronal development. The interaction between HAP1 with synapsin I was confirmed by reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation of the endogenous proteins. Furthermore, HAP1 co-localizes with synapsin I in cortical neurons as discrete puncta. Interestingly, we find that synapsin I localization is specifically altered in Hap1(-/-) cortical neurons without an effect on the localization of other SV proteins. This effect on synapsin I localization was not because of changes in the levels of synapsin I or its phosphorylation status in Hap1(-/-) brains. Furthermore, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in transfected neurons expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein-synapsin Ia demonstrates that loss of HAP1 protein inhibits synapsin I transport. Thus, we demonstrate that HAP1 regulates SV exocytosis and may do so through binding to synapsin I. The Proposed mechanism of synapsin I transport mediated by HAP1 in neurons. HAP1 interacts with synapsin I, regulating the trafficking of synapsin I containing vesicles and/or transport packets, possibly through its engagement of microtubule motors. The absence of HAP1 reduces synapsin I transport and neuronal exocytosis. These findings provide insights into the processes of neuronal trafficking and synaptic signaling.
Two-dimensional mapping and microsequencing of lysosomal proteins from human placenta
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1998
DOI: 10.1016/S0143-4004(98)90026-1
Abstract: Lysosomes degrade a wide range of macromolecules to yield monomer products which are exported out of the lysosome by a series of transporters. In addition, lysosomes perform a range of other functions which are cell or tissue specific. In order to gain insight into the tissue specific role of lysosomes, carrier- holyte two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used in combination with N-terminal sequencing to identify the major proteins present in both the membrane and luminal space of placental lysosomes. From the 45 N-terminal peptide sequences generated, 14 luminal and five membrane proteins were identified while three other sequences were novel. The sequenced proteins were a mixture of lysosomal and non-lysosomal proteins. The lysosomal proteins consisted of gamma-interferon-inducible protein (IP-30), Saposin D, cathepsins B and D, beta-hexosaminidase, palmitoyl protein thioesterase, alpha-glucosidase, and LAMP-1. The non-lysosomal proteins were serum albumin, serotransferrin, haemoglobin gamma G chain, alpha-1-antitrypsin, placental lactogen, endoplasmin, peptide binding protein 74, p60 lymphocyte protein, p450 side chain cleavage enzyme and placental alkaline phosphatase. The 2-DE maps obtained in this study are the first to identify the major proteins in both the lumen and membrane of placental lysosomes through sequence analysis, and thus provide the basis upon which to build a complete 2-DE database of the lysosome. Furthermore, the identities of the proteins sequenced from the placental lysosomes suggest a role for lysosomes in the transport of nutrients across the trophoblastic layer.
Long-term Ro60 humoral autoimmunity in primary Sjögren's syndrome is maintained by rapid clonal turnover
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLIM.2013.03.015
Abstract: Long-term humoral autoimmunity to RNA-protein autoantigens is considered a hallmark of systemic autoimmune diseases. We use high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometric autoantibody sequencing to track the evolution of a Ro60-specific public clonotypic autoantibody in 4 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. This clonotype is specified by a VH3-23/VK3-20 heavy and light chain pairing. Despite apparent stability by conventional immunoassay, analysis of V-region molecular signatures of clonotypes purified from serum s les collected retrospectively over 7years revealed sequential clonal replacement. Prospective longitudinal studies confirmed clonotype loss and replacement at approximately three-monthly intervals. Levels of secreted anti-Ro60 clonotypes fluctuated markedly over time, despite minimal changes in clonal affinity. Our novel findings indicate a relentless turnover of short-lived clonotypic variants, masquerading as long-lived Ro60 humoral autoimmunity.
Urinary p75ECD A prognostic, disease progression, and pharmacodynamic biomarker in ALS
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 22-02-2017
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003741
Abstract: To evaluate urinary neurotrophin receptor p75 extracellular domain (p75 ECD ) levels as disease progression and prognostic biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The population in this study comprised 45 healthy controls and 54 people with ALS, 31 of whom were s led longitudinally. Urinary p75 ECD was measured using an enzyme-linked immunoassay and validation included intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation, effect of circadian rhythm, and stability over time at room temperature, 4°C, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Longitudinal changes in urinary p75 ECD were examined by mixed model analysis, and the prognostic value of baseline p75 ECD was explored by survival analysis. Confirming our previous findings, p75 ECD was higher in patients with ALS (5.6 ± 2.2 ng/mg creatinine) compared to controls (3.6 ± 1.4 ng/mg creatinine, p 0.0001). Assay reproducibility was high, with p75 ECD showing stability across repeated freeze-thaw cycles, at room temperature and 4°C for 2 days, and no diurnal variation. Urinary p75 ECD correlated with the revised ALS Functional Rating Scale at first evaluation ( r = −0.44, p = 0.008) and across all study visits ( r = −0.36, p 0.0001). p75 ECD also increased as disease progressed at an average rate of 0.19 ng/mg creatinine per month ( p 0.0001). In multivariate prognostic analysis, bulbar onset (hazard ratio [HR] 3.0, p = 0.0035), rate of disease progression from onset to baseline (HR 4.4, p 0.0001), and baseline p75 ECD (HR 1.3, p = 0.0004) were predictors of survival. The assay for urinary p75 ECD is analytically robust and shows promise as an ALS biomarker with prognostic, disease progression, and potential pharmacodynamic application. Baseline urinary p75 ECD provides prognostic information and is currently the only biological fluid–based biomarker of disease progression.
Proteogenomic analysis of the autoreactive B cell repertoire in blood and tissues of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 10-02-2022
DOI: 10.1136/ANNRHEUMDIS-2021-221604
Abstract: To comparatively analyse the aberrant affinity maturation of the antinuclear and rheumatoid factor (RF) B cell repertoires in blood and tissues of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) using an integrated omics workflow. Peptide sequencing of anti-Ro60, anti-Ro52, anti-La and RF was combined with B cell repertoire analysis at the DNA, RNA and single cell level in blood B cell subsets, affected salivary gland and extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of patients with SjS. Affected tissues contained anti-Ro60, anti-Ro52, anti-La and RF clones as a small part of a polyclonal infiltrate. Anti-Ro60, anti-La and anti-Ro52 clones outnumbered RF clones. MALT lymphoma tissues contained monoclonal RF expansions. Autoreactive clones were not selected from a restricted repertoire in a circulating B cell subset. The antinuclear antibody (ANA) repertoires displayed similar antigen-dependent and immunoglobulin (Ig) G1-directed affinity maturation. RF clones displayed antigen-dependent, IgM-directed and more B cell receptor integrity-dependent affinity maturation. This coincided with extensive intra-clonal ersification in RF-derived lymphomas. Regeneration of clinical disease manifestations after rituximab coincided with large RF clones, which not necessarily belonged to the lymphoma clone, that displayed continuous affinity maturation and intra-clonal ersification. The ANA and RF repertoires in patients with SjS display tissue-restricted, antigen-dependent and ergent affinity maturation. Affinity maturation of RF clones deviates further during RF clone derived lymphomagenesis and during regeneration of the autoreactive repertoire after temporary disruption by rituximab. These data give insight into the molecular mechanisms of autoreactive inflammation in SjS, assist MALT lymphoma diagnosis and allow tracking its response to rituximab.
Proteomic profiling of precipitated Clostridioides difficile toxin A and B antibodies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.VACCINE.2019.10.096
Abstract: Clostridioides difficile infection is the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhoea globally. Immune responses to toxins produced by C. difficile are important in disease progression and outcome. Here, we analysed the anti-toxin A and anti-toxin B serum antibody proteomes following natural infection or vaccination with a C. difficile toxoid A/toxoid B vaccine using a modified miniaturised proteomic approach based on de novo mass spectrometric sequencing. Analysis of immunoglobulin variable region (IgV) subfamily expression in immunoprecipitated toxin A and toxin B antibodies from four and seven participants of a vaccine trial, respectively, revealed a polyclonal proteome with restricted IGHV, IGKV and IGLV subfamily usage. No dominant IGHV subfamily was observed in the toxin A response, however the dominant anti-toxin B heavy (H)-chain was encoded by IGHV3-23. Light (L)-chain usage was convergent for both anti-toxin A and anti-toxin B proteomes with IGKV3-11, 3-15, 3-20 and 4-1 shared among all subjects in both cohorts. Peptide mapping of common IgV families showed extensive public and private amino acid substitutions. The cohort responses to toxin A and toxin B showed limited similarity in shared IGHV subfamilies. L-chain subfamily usage was more similar in the anti-toxin A and anti-toxin B responses, however the mutational signatures for each subfamily were toxin-dependent. S les taken both post vaccination (n = 5) or at baseline, indicating previous exposure (n = 2), showed similar anti-toxin B IgV subfamily usage and mutational profiles. In summary, this study provides the first sequence-based proteomic analysis of the antibody response to the major disease-mediating toxins of C. difficile, toxin A and toxin B, and demonstrates that despite the potential for extreme ersity, the immunoglobulin repertoire can raise convergent responses to specific pathogens whether through natural infection or following vaccination.
Huntingtin-associated protein-1 (HAP1) regulates endocytosis and interacts with multiple trafficking-related proteins
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CELLSIG.2017.02.023
Abstract: Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) was initially identified as a binding partner of huntingtin, mutations in which underlie Huntington's disease. Subcellular localization and protein interaction data indicate that HAP1 may be important in vesicle trafficking, cell signalling and receptor internalization. In this study, a proteomics approach was used for the identification of novel HAP1-interacting partners to attempt to shed light on the physiological function of HAP1. Using affinity chromatography with HAP1-GST protein fragments bound to Sepharose columns, this study identified a number of trafficking-related proteins that bind to HAP1. Interestingly, many of the proteins that were identified by mass spectrometry have trafficking-related functions and include the clathrin light chain B and Sec23A, an ER to Golgi trafficking vesicle coat component. Using co-immunoprecipitation and GST-binding assays the association between HAP1 and clathrin light chain B has been validated in vitro. This study also finds that HAP1 co-localizes with clathrin light chain B. In line with a physiological function of the HAP1-clathrin interaction this study detected a dramatic reduction in vesicle retrieval and endocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells. Furthermore, through examination of transferrin endocytosis in HAP1
Proteomic analysis of Myrmecia pilosula (jack jumper) ant venom
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.TOXICON.2005.10.018
Abstract: Ant sting allergy in Australia is predominantly due to the Myrmecia pilosula species complex. Gel separation of M. pilosula venom is necessary so that the allergenic importance of each component can be defined by western blotting. However, previous PAGE methods produced suboptimal resolution and the components of each band were not precisely defined. Venom was resolved in both non-reduced and reduced form by one-dimensional acid urea PAGE, SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional acid urea-SDS PAGE. Resolved peptides were extracted and analysed by HPLC-MS. Acid urea PAGE and acid urea-SDS PAGE proved more effective than SDS-PAGE for resolution of peptides smaller than 10 kDa. All of the major peptides previously observed in M. pilosula venom were observed in gel resolved venom. Venom was found to primarily consist of peptides with molecular weight <10 kDa, most of which contain disulfide bridges. SDS-PAGE of non-reduced venom clearly defined six higher molecular weight proteins between 26 and 90 kDa. An 8546 Da dimer named pilosulin 5 was observed, but pilosulin 4, a peptide recently proposed to be present in venom was not. A variant of pilosulin 4 here named pilosulin 4.1a, existing as an 8198 Da dimer, was observed and has been characterised.
Caspase-1 causes truncation and aggregation of the Parkinson’s disease-associated protein α-synuclein
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 08-2016
Abstract: The aggregation of α-synuclein (aSyn) is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. Here we show that the enzymatic component of the innate inflammation system, known as caspase-1, hydrolyzes aSyn, rendering it aggregation-prone.
Purification of trisomy 12 subclone in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia using imaging flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridisation in suspension (FISH-IS)
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-11-2017
Peroxiredoxin 6 in human brain: molecular forms, cellular distribution and association with Alzheimer’s disease pathology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-04-2008
Adverse events associated with peanut oral immunotherapy in children – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-01-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-019-56961-3
Abstract: While peanut oral immunotherapy (POIT) represents a promising treatment for peanut allergies in children, safety concerns remain a common barrier to widespread adoption. We aimed to systematically assess available evidence to determine the risk and frequency of adverse events occurring during POIT, and examine study-level characteristics associated with their occurrence and severity. A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science was conducted through April 2019. Controlled and non-controlled studies evaluating POIT were eligible. Twenty-seven studies, involving 1488 subjects, were included. Adverse events to POIT were common and led to treatment discontinuation in 6.6% of children (95% CI 4.4–9.0 27 studies, I 2 = 48.7%). Adverse events requiring treatment with epinephrine occurred among 7.6% (4.5–11.4 26 studies, I 2 = 75.5%) of participants, at a rate of 2.0 per 10,000 doses (0.8–3.7 15 studies, I 2 = 64.4). Use of a rush treatment phase and targeting a higher maintenance dose were associated with a higher risk and frequency of epinephrine use, while using co-treatments in addition to POIT was associated with a lower risk of treatment discontinuation due to adverse events. While adverse events to POIT are common, this study provides promising explorative evidence that certain modifications to existing treatment protocols could significantly improve treatment outcomes.
Serum SmD autoantibody proteomes are clonally restricted and share variable-region peptides
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAUT.2014.12.005
Abstract: Recent advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomic methods have allowed variable (V)-region peptide signatures to be derived from human autoantibodies present in complex serum mixtures. Here, we analysed the clonality and V-region composition of immunoglobulin (Ig) proteomes specific for the immunodominant SmD protein subunit of the lupus-specific Sm autoantigen. Precipitating SmD-specific IgGs were eluted from native SmD-coated ELISA plates preincubated with sera from six patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) positive for anti-Sm/RNP. Heavy (H)- and light (L)-chain clonality and V-region sequences were analysed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and combined de novo database mass spectrometric sequencing. SmD autoantibody proteomes from all six patients with SLE expressed IgG1 kappa restricted clonotypes specified by IGHV3-7 and IGHV1-69 H-chains and IGKV3-20 and IGKV2-28 L-chains, with shared and in idual V-region amino acid replacement mutations. Clonotypic sharing and restricted V-region ersity of systemic autoimmunity can now be extended from the Ro/La cluster to Sm autoantigen and implies a common pathway of anti-Sm autoantibody production in unrelated patients with SLE.
Quantitative Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Autoantibodies as a Paradigm Shift in Autoimmune Serology
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 04-12-2019
Secreted human Ro52 autoantibody proteomes express a restricted set of public clonotypes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAUT.2012.07.003
Abstract: Long-lived secreted autoantibody responses in systemic autoimmunity are generally regarded to be polyclonal and to express a erse B-cell repertoire. Here, we have used a proteomic approach based on de novo sequencing to determine the clonality and V region structures of human autoantibodies directed against a prototypic systemic autoantigen, Ro52 (TRIM21). Remarkably, anti-Ro52 autoantibodies from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis or polymyositis were restricted to two IgG1 kappa clonotypes that migrated as a single species on isoelectric focusing shared a common light chain paired with one of two closely-related heavy chains and were public in unrelated patients. Targeted mass spectrometry using these uniquely mutated V region peptides as surrogates detected anti-Ro52 autoantibodies in human sera with high sensitivity and specificity compared with traditional ELISA. Mass spectrometry-based detection of specific autoantibody motifs provides a powerful new tool for analysis of humoral autoimmunity.
Urinary neopterin: A novel biomarker of disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-01-2022
DOI: 10.1111/ENE.15237
Abstract: The aim was to evaluate urinary neopterin, a marker of pro‐inflammatory state, as a potential biomarker of disease prognosis and progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to compare its utility to urinary neurotrophin receptor p75 extracellular domain (p75 ECD ). This was an observational study including 21 healthy controls and 46 people with ALS, 29 of whom were s led longitudinally. Neopterin and p75 ECD were measured using enzyme‐linked immunoassays. Baseline and longitudinal changes in clinical measures, neopterin and urinary p75 ECD were examined, and prognostic utility was explored by survival analysis. At baseline, urinary neopterin was higher in ALS compared to controls (181.7 ± 78.9 μmol/mol creatinine vs. 120.4 ± 60.8 μmol/mol creatinine, p = 0.002, Welch's t test) and correlated with the Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale ( r = −0.36, p = 0.01). Combining previously published urinary p75 ECD results from 22 ALS patients with a further 24 ALS patients, baseline urinary p75 ECD was also higher compared to healthy controls (6.0 ± 2.7 vs. 3.2 ± 1.0 ng/mg creatinine, p 0.0001) and correlated with the Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale ( r = −0.36, p = 0.01). Urinary neopterin and p75 ECD correlated with each other at baseline ( r = 0.38, p = 0.009). In longitudinal analysis, urinary neopterin increased on average (±SE) by 6.8 ± 1.1 µmol/mol creatinine per month ( p 0.0001) and p75 ECD by 0.19 ± 0.02 ng/mg creatinine per month ( p 0.0001) from diagnosis in 29 ALS patients. Urinary neopterin holds promise as marker of disease progression in ALS and is worthy of future evaluation for its potential to predict response to anti‐inflammatory therapies.
Specific detection of the endogenous transient receptor potential (TRP)-1 protein in liver and airway smooth muscle cells using immunoprecipitation and Western-blot analysis
Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
Date: 15-06-2002
DOI: 10.1042/BJ20020061
Abstract: Although there are numerous reports of the presence of mRNA encoding the transient receptor potential (TRP)-1 protein in animal cells and of the detection of the heterologously expressed TRP-1 protein by Western-blot analysis, it has proved difficult to unequivocally detect endogenous TRP-1 proteins. A combination of immunoprecipitation and Western-blot techniques, employing a polyclonal antibody and a monoclonal antibody respectively, was developed. Using this technique, a band of approx. 80kDa was detected in extracts of H4-IIE rat liver hepatoma cell line and guinea-pig airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells transfected with human TRPC-1 cDNA. In extracts of untransfected H4-IIE cells, ASM cells, rat brain and guinea-pig brain, a band of approx. 92kDa was detected. Reverse transcriptase PCR experiments detected cDNA encoding both the α- and β-isoforms of TRP-1 in H4-IIE cells. Treatment of protein extracts with peptide N-glycosidase F indicated that the 92kDa band represents an N-glycosylated protein. Western blots conducted with a commercial polyclonal anti-(TRP-1) antibody (Alm) detected a band of 120kDa in extracts of H4-IIE cells and guinea-pig ASM cells. A combination of immunoprecipitation and Western-blotting techniques with the Alm antibody did not detect any bands at 92kDa or 120kDa in extracts of H4-IIE and ASM cells. It is concluded that (a) the 92-kDa band detected in untransfected H4-IIE and ASM cells corresponds to the N-glycosylated β-isoform of endogenous TRP-1, (b) the combined immunoprecipitation and Western-blot approach, employing two different antibodies, provides a reliable and specific procedure for detecting endogenous TRP-1 proteins, and (c) that caution is required in developing and utilizing anti-(TRP-1) antibodies.
αB-Crystallin is a major component of glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1007/BF03033778
Transplant induced food sensitization without allergy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Phosphorylation of Ser-129 Is the Dominant Pathological Modification of α-Synuclein in Familial and Sporadic Lewy Body Disease
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2006
Development of a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis database of human lysosomal proteins
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-1998
Abstract: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis databases have been generated for a range of tissue cell and fluid types, from a number of species. A major difficulty in the development of such databases is the large number of proteins present in even a single cell type (> 10,000) and the low levels of many of these proteins. One approach to overcome these difficulties is to fractionate the cell into its organelles and generate in idual databases for each subcellular component. This has the added advantage of assigning a cellular location to each protein identified. Here we report the development of a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis database of lysosomal proteins.
Myrmecia pilosula (Jack Jumper) ant venom: Validation of a procedure to standardise an allergy vaccine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPBA.2007.08.028
Abstract: Ant sting allergy is relatively common within south-eastern Australia and is predominantly due to Myrmecia pilosula (Jack Jumper Ant, JJA). Venom immunotherapy has been shown to be effective in preventing anaphylaxis to the sting of the JJA, but analytical techniques to standardise the venom have not been validated. The purpose of this study was to develop assays to analyse JJA venom and apply these to the standardisation of venom prior to new batches being used for the diagnosis and treatment of JJA sting allergy. Venom was analysed by protein content, HPLC-UV, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and SDS-PAGE immunoblot. The protein content in JJA venom was adjusted so that all batches were equivalent. A HPLC-UV assay was used to quantify the relative amount of the major allergen Myr p 2 and two minor allergens Myr p 1 and Myr p 3 and allergenic potency was determined by ELISA inhibition. SDS-PAGE and SDS-PAGE immunoblot were used as qualitative tools to determine the protein profile and presence or absence of additional high molecular weight allergens not quantifiable by HPLC-UV. A standardisation procedure has been developed that complies with the requirements described in the European Pharmacopoeia. Techniques used to determine the content of some of the other minor allergens could be developed, which would further improve the standardisation methodology.
Stability of Myrmecia pilosula (Jack Jumper) Ant venom for use in immunotherapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPBA.2010.08.024
Abstract: Allergy to Myrmecia pilosula (Jack Jumper Ant) venom is common in Australia, affecting ∼2.7% of some communities. Venom immunotherapy is a highly effective treatment, but for the venom to be widely distributed for clinical use, the stability and shelf-life of formulated Jack Jumper Ant venom must be demonstrated. HPLC-UV, ELISA Inhibition, SDS-PAGE and SDS-PAGE Immunoblot were used to assess venom stability under conditions of varying temperature, pH and in the presence of various stabilising agents. Optimal stability occurred between pH 8 and 10, however the presence of benzyl alcohol within this pH range resulted in a cloudy appearance within 3 days, so a pH of 6 was used. Increasing polysorbate 80 concentrations accelerated the degradation of allergenic peptides in 100 μg/mL venom, but improved stability at concentrations of 1 μg/mL or less. Sucrose reduced degradation of allergens Myr p 1 and Myr p 3, whilst glycerol was destabilizing. In the presence of 22% sucrose, 1.1mg/mL Jack Jumper Ant venom was stable at -18 °C and 4 °C for 12 months following dilution to 100 μg/mL with 0.9% sodium chloride, 10mM phosphate (pH 6), 0.05% polysorbate 80 and 0.9% benzyl alcohol (giving 2% sucrose), venom was stable for 7 days when stored at 4 °C. Concentrated Jack Jumper Ant venom can be stored in 22% sucrose for 12 months, and after dilution to 100 μg/mL for clinical use, it should be discarded after 7 days.
A Randomised Controlled Trial of Supervised Exercise Regimens and their Impact on Walking Performance, Skeletal Muscle Mass and Calpain Activity in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.EJVS.2013.12.021
Abstract: Supervised exercise training (SET) is recommended for patients with intermittent claudication (IC). The optimal exercise programme has not been identified, and the potential adverse effects of exercise on these patients warrant consideration. Calpain proteases have been linked with tissue atrophy following ischaemia-reperfusion injury. High calpain activity may therefore cause muscle wasting in claudicants undergoing SET, and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) is integral to healthy ageing. This study assesses the impact of (1) treadmill-based SET alone and (2) treadmill-based SET combined with resistance training on pain-free walking distance (PFWD), SMM, and calpain activity. Thirty-five patients with IC were randomised to 12 weeks of treadmill only SET (group A), or combined treadmill and lower-limb resistance SET (group B). PFWD via a 6-minute walking test, SMM via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and calpain activity via biopsies of gastrocnemius muscles were analysed. Intention-to-treat analyses revealed PFWD improved within group A (160 m to 204 m, p = .03), but not group B (181 m to 188 m, p = .82). There was no between group difference (p = .42). Calpain activity increased within group A (1.62 × 10(5) fluorescent units [FU] to 2.21 × 10(5) FU, p = .05), but not group B. There was no between group difference (p = .09). SMM decreased within group A (-250 g, p = .11) and increased in group B (210 g, p = .38) (p = .10 between groups). Similar trends were evident for per protocol analyses, but, additionally, change in SMM was significantly different between groups (p = .04). Neither exercise regimen was superior in terms of walking performance. Further work is required to investigate the impact of the calpain system on SMM in claudicants undertaking SET.
Differences in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Recurrence Rates among Race-Ethnic Groups in the PRoFESS Secondary Stroke Prevention Trial
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1111/IJS.12269
Abstract: Epidemiological studies show that vascular risk factors are the same across the world but their effect vary between different race-ethnic groups. However, few studies have evaluated differences in recurrent stroke rates in various race-ethnicities. In 000 patients spanning 35 countries encompassing most race-ethnicities, we evaluated the incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes and myocardial infarction in patients within the context of the largest secondary stroke prevention trial (Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Secondary Strokes) to identify any significant differences. There were 20 332 patients with a recent ischemic stroke randomized in a factorial design to receive the antiplatelet agent clopidogrel vs. aspirin plus extended-release dipyridamole, and 80 mg of the anthypertensive telmisartan vs. placebo. The primary outcome for the trial was the time to any recurrent stroke. Statistical analysis was used to detect race-ethnic differences in recurrent vascular events. Mean patient age was 66 (±8·6) years and 36% were women. The study included 58% European/Caucasian, 33% Asians, 5% Latin/Hispanic, and 4% Black African. There were 74% of patients that were hypertensive, and average systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 144·1/83·8 mmHg. There was at least one significant difference in the overall test of all race-ethnic groups in myocardial infarction and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage occurrence. In the Kaplan–Meier hemorrhage and stroke-free survival curves, Asians showed a significantly higher recurrence of ischemic stroke risk in the 135–150 mmHg and greater than 150 mm Hg blood pressure groups, and a greater risk of hemorrhage recurrence in the greater than 150 mmHg blood pressure group. We found a significant difference in myocardial infarction and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage recurrence among different race-ethnic groups. The risk of recurrent ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke was greater in Asians with high blood pressure.
Immunisation of ferrets and mice with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein formulated with Advax-SM adjuvant protects against COVID-19 infection
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Increased expression of peroxiredoxin 1 and identification of a novel lipid‐metabolizing enzyme in the early phase of liver ischemia reperfusion injury
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-10-2011
Abstract: Warm ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury of the liver is associated with changes in the expression and/or post-translational modification of numerous proteins. Only a few of these have been identified. We used 2-D DIGE to identify cytosolic proteins altered in the early stage of IR in an established rat model of segmental hepatic ischemia. Proteins in 18 abundant spots altered by IR were identified by LC-MS/MS and Western blot. Many identified proteins were enzymes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Isoamyl acetate-hydrolysing esterase 1 homolog, not previously characterized in liver, was also identified. A threefold increase in peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) and its oxidized forms was observed as was an increase in Prx1 mRNA. Peroxiredoxins and their overoxidation have previously been associated with IR. In contrast to other studies, we did not detect typical overoxidation of Prx1 on the peroxidatic cysteine (Cys(52)). Instead, we identified novel overoxidation of the resolving cysteine (Cys(173)) residue by LC-MS/MS. Our results show that a rapid increase in Prx1 expression is associated with the early phase of IR of the liver, likely contributing to mechanisms that protect the liver against IR damage. Additionally, we have revealed a potential role in liver for a novel lipid-metabolizing enzyme.
Identification of a Novel Oligomerization Disrupting Mutation in CRYA Associated with Congenital Cataract in a South Australian Family
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1002/HUMU.22260
Abstract: Congenital cataract is a heterogeneous disorder causing severe visual impairment in affected children. We screened four South Australian families with autosomal dominant congenital cataract for mutations in 10 crystallin genes known to cause congenital cataract. We identified a novel segregating heterozygous mutation, c.62G>A (p.R21Q), in the CRYΑA gene in one family. Western blotting of proteins freshly extracted from cataractous lens material of the proband demonstrated a marked reduction in the amount of the high-molecular-weight oligomers seen in the lens material of an unaffected in idual. We conclude that the p.R21Q mutation, which is located in the highly conserved and structurally significant N-terminal region of the protein, is responsible for the cataract phenotype observed in the family as this mutation likely reduces the formation of the functional oligomeric alpha-crystallin.
Increased Phospho-Keratin 8 Isoforms in Colorectal Tumors Associated with EGFR Pathway Activation and Reduced Apoptosis
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 31-01-2012
DOI: 10.5402/2012/706545
Abstract: Hyperphosphorylated keratin (K) 8 acts as a phosphate “sponge” for stress-activated protein kinases thereby inhibiting pro-apoptotic molecules and thus apoptosis. MAP kinase/ERK1 has increased activity in colorectal cancer (CRC) and is known to phosphorylate K8. The aims were to identify the K8 isoforms abundantly present in colon tumors, using 2D difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE), to identify the modifications using mass spectrometry, and to validate the differential abundance of these isoforms in tumors relative to matched normal mucosae. 2D DIGE showed 3 isoforms of K8 significantly increased in tumor ≥2-fold in 6/8 pairs. Metal oxide affinity chromatography mass spectrometry and bioinformatics were used to identify phosphorylated serine residues. Levels of PS24, PS432, and PS74 by western blotting were found to be significantly increased in tumor versus matched normal. Blocking of EGFR signaling in Caco2 cells showed a significant decrease ( P 0.0001 ) in K8 PS74 and PS432 levels by 59% and 66%, respectively, resulting in increased apoptosis.
Effects of inhibitors of diacylglycerol metabolism on protein kinase C-mediated responses in hepatocytes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1988
DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(88)90223-6
Abstract: In hepatocytes pre-labelled with [3H]glycerol, compound R59022 (6-[2-(4-[(4-fluorophenyl)phenylmethylene]-1-piperidinyl)ethyl]-7- methyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-alpha]pyrimidin-5-one) and 2-bromooctanoate each increased the amount of radioactivity in diacylglycerols. R59022 mimicked the actions of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate in completely abolishing the activation by adrenaline (but not that by vasopressin or glucagon) of glycogen phosphorylase a, and in decreasing the activity of glycogen synthetase. Exogenous dioctanoylglycerol caused a small inhibition of adrenaline-stimulated phosphorylase activity. The concentration of R59022 which gave half-maximal inhibition of adrenaline-stimulated phosphorylase activity was 15 microM. Maximal inhibition was observed within 2 min of addition of R59022. 2-Bromooctanoate activated phosphorylase by a process independent of changes in cyclic AMP and Ca2+, and decreased glycogen synthetase. It is concluded that in hepatocytes (i) diacylglycerols which accumulate as a result of the inhibition of diacylglycerol kinase by R59022 activate protein kinase C and (ii) 2-bromooctanoate increases diacylglycerols but also has other effects on hepatocyte metabolism.
Comparison of extrinsic efferent innervation of guinea pig distal colon and rectum
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1002/CNE.20965
Abstract: The extrinsic efferent innervation of the distal colon and rectum of the guinea pig was compared, by using retrograde tracing combined with immunohistochemistry. Application of the carbocyanine tracer DiI to the rectum filled significantly greater numbers of extrinsic neurons than similar injections into the distal colon. Approximately three-fourths of all filled neurons from either location were either sympathetic or parasympathetic the rest were spinal sensory neurons. Nerve cell bodies in sympathetic prevertebral ganglia labelled from the two regions were similar in number. Both regions were innervated by sympathetic neurons in paravertebral ganglia however, the rectum received much more input from this source than the colon. The rectum received significantly more input from pelvic ganglia than the colon. The rectum also received direct innervation from two groups of neurons in the spinal cord. Neurons located in the spinal parasympathetic nucleus in segment S2 and S3 were labelled by DiI injected into the rectal wall. Similar numbers of neurons, located in intermediolateral cell column and dorsal commissural nucleus of lumbar segments, also projected directly to rectum, but not colon. The great majority (>80%) of retrogradely labelled nerve cell bodies in sympathetic ganglia were immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase. In pelvic ganglia, retrogradely labelled neurons contained choline acetyltransferase and/or nitric oxide synthase or tyrosine hydroxylase. Although the rectum and colon in this species are continuous and macroscopically indistinguishable, they have significantly different patterns of extrinsic efferent innervation, presumably reflecting their different functions.
Erratum
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1007/BF00926746
Extended boiling of peanut progressively reduces IgE allergenicity while retaining T cell reactivity
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-05-2016
DOI: 10.1111/CEA.12740
Abstract: Current peanut oral immunotherapy is h ered by frequent adverse events. It has been shown that boiling can reduce peanut allergenicity. Hypoallergenic peanut products have the potential to reduce treatment-related reactions during desensitization. To show that extended boiling (for up to 12 h) can progressively reduce peanut allergenicity while retaining T cell reactivity. Raw peanuts were boiled for half, 1, 2, 4 and 12 h in deionized water. After dehydration, boiled and raw peanuts were ground, defatted and soluble proteins extracted in PBS and cooking water (leachate) retained. SDS-PAGE, Western blot, inhibition ELISA, mass spectrometry and skin prick test were used to characterize changes to peanut allergens and human IgE reactivity. T cell responses to raw and boiled peanut extracts were determined by proliferation of CD4+/CD25+/CD134+ T cells in peanut-allergic and non-allergic in iduals. Extended boiling progressively reduced peanut allergenicity through a combination of leaching of allergens into cooking water, fragmentation of allergens and denaturation of conformational epitopes. Two-hour boiling led to an eightfold reduction in IgE binding capacity of boiled peanuts as determined by inhibition ELISA, while 12-h boiling led to a 19-fold reduction. Mass spectrometry revealed an increasing number of unique allergen peptides with longer boiling times. Raw, 2- and 12-h boiled peanut extracts were equivalent in their ability to stimulate T cell activation and proliferation. Progressive reduction in peanut allergenicity with extended boiling does not affect T cell reactivity. Boiled peanuts may be a candidate for oral immunotherapy.
Aquaporin-1 in blood vessels of rat circumventricular organs
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-02-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S00441-010-0927-2
Abstract: Although the water channel protein aquaporin-1 (AQP1) is widely observed outside the rat brain in continuous, but not fenestrated, vascular endothelia, it has not previously been observed in any endothelia within the normal rat brain and only to a limited extent in the human brain. In this immunohistochemical study of rat brain, AQP1 has also been found in microvessel endothelia, probably of the fenestrated type, in all circumventricular organs (except the subcommissural organ and the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis): in the median eminence, pineal, subfornical organ, area postrema and choroid plexus. The majority of microvessels in the median eminence, pineal and choroid plexus, known to be exclusively fenestrated, are shown to be AQP1-immunoreactive. In the subfornical organ and area postrema in which many, but not all, microvessels are fenestrated, not all microvessels are AQP1-immunoreactive. In the AQP1-immunoreactive microvessels, the AQP1 probably facilitates water movement between blood and interstitium as one component of the normal fluxes that occur in these specialised sensory and secretory areas. AQP1-immunoreactive endothelia have also been seen in a small population of blood vessels in the cerebral parenchyma outside the circumventricular organs, similar to other observations in human brain. The proposed development of AQP1 modulators to treat various brain pathologies in which AQP1 plays a deleterious role will necessitate further work to determine the effect of such modulators on the normal function of the circumventricular organs.
Desmin expression in colorectal cancer stroma correlates with advanced stage disease and marks angiogenic microvessels
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2011
Abstract: Biomarkers that improve stratification of colorectal cancer patients for adjuvant therapy versus resection alone, or that are predictive of response to therapeutic agents, have the potential to greatly improve patient selection for such therapies. The aim was to determine proteins differentially expressed within the malignant epithelial glands and closely associated stromal elements compared to matched normal mucosa, and to characterise the over-expression of one such protein as a potential biomarker. Protein from laser microdissected tumor and normal mucosa was analysed by two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) and mass spectrometry to determine differentially over expressed tumor proteins. Tumor over-expression of one such protein, desmin, was quantified using immunofluorescence staining in a larger cohort. Dual staining for desmin and vimentin, or desmin and von Willebrand factor, was performed to determine the cell type of interest. Desmin expression was significantly increased between stage I and III tumors, ( P 0.0001), and stage II and III tumors, ( P 0.0001). Strong focal desmin expression was found in stroma directly adjacent to carcinomatous glands and microvessels. These cells showed co-localisation of desmin and vimentin in close association with cells expressing VWF, indicating they were pericytes. Significantly higher levels of desmin-positive pericytes were observed in late stage tumors, consistent with increased angiogenesis. Pericyte coverage of vasculature is a marker of vessel maturation, hence desmin expression may have use as a marker for microvessel maturation. Clinical trials will be needed to determine its use in identifying tumors that will be less responsive to anti-angiogenic therapy.
Oral immunotherapy using boiled peanuts for treating peanut allergy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-01-2023
DOI: 10.1111/CEA.14254
Abstract: Peanut allergy affects 1%–3% of children in Western countries. Boiling peanuts has been demonstrated to result in a hypoallergenic product that may provide a safer way of inducing desensitization in peanut‐allergic patients by first inducing tolerance to boiled peanut. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of oral immunotherapy (OIT) using sequential doses of boiled peanuts followed by roasted peanuts for treating peanut allergy in children. In this open‐label, phase 2, single‐arm clinical trial, children aged 6–18 years with a positive history of peanut allergy and positive peanut skin prick test ≥ 8 mm and/or peanut‐specific IgE ≥ 15 kU/L at screening underwent OIT involving sequential up‐dosing with 12‐hour boiled peanut for 12 weeks, 2‐hour boiled peanut for 20 weeks and roasted peanut for 20 weeks, to a target maintenance dose of 12 roasted peanuts daily. Primary outcome: proportion of children passing open‐label oral food challenge involving cumulative administration of 12 roasted peanuts (12 g peanuts approximately 3000 mg peanut protein) 6–8 weeks after reaching the target maintenance dose. Secondary outcomes included treatment‐related adverse events and use of medications for treating allergy symptoms. Between 1 July 2017 and 22 June 2018, 70 participants were enrolled and commenced OIT. Desensitization was successfully induced in 56 of 70 (80%) participants. Withdrawal due to treatment‐related adverse events was infrequent ( n = 3). Treatment‐related adverse events were reported in 43 (61%) participants, corresponding to a rate of 6.58 per 1000 OIT doses. Medication use associated with treatment‐related adverse events was infrequent, with rescue epinephrine use reported by three (4%) participants (0.05 per 1000 doses). Oral immunotherapy using boiled followed by roasted peanuts represents a pragmatic approach that appears effective in inducing desensitization and is associated with a favourable safety profile.
Comparison of Stain-Free gels with traditional immunoblot loading control methodology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Abstract: Loading controls are necessary for semiquantitative Western blotting to compensate for loading errors. Loading control methods include the reprobing of membranes with an antibody against a constitutively expressed protein or staining the membrane with a total protein stain. We compared the loading control performance of recently released Stain-Free (SF) gels with Sypro Ruby (SR) and reprobing using β-actin. SF gels demonstrated superior performance in that they were faster, required fewer steps and consumables, and allowed the quality of electrophoresis and Western transfer to be assessed before committing to costly and time-consuming Western blots.
Early treatment with minocycline following stroke in rats improves functional recovery and differentially modifies responses of peri-infarct microglia and astrocytes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-01-2019
Secreted autoantibody repertoires in Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus: A proteomic approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.AUTREV.2016.01.008
Abstract: The structures of epitopes bound by autoantibodies against RNA-protein complexes have been well-defined over several decades, but little is known of the clonality, immunoglobulin (Ig) variable (V) gene usage and mutational status of the autoantibodies themselves at the level of the secreted (serum) proteome. A novel proteomic workflow is presented based on affinity purification of specific Igs from serum, high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and de novo and database-driven sequencing of V-region proteins by mass spectrometry. Analysis of anti-Ro52/Ro60/La proteomes in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and anti-Sm and anti-ribosomal P proteomes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has revealed that these antibody responses are dominated by restricted sets of public (shared) clonotypes, consistent with common pathways of production across unrelated in iduals. The discovery of shared sets of specific V-region peptides can be exploited for diagnostic biomarkers in targeted mass spectrometry platforms and for tracking and removal of pathogenic clones.
Molecular Profiling and Clonal Tracking of Secreted Rheumatoid Factors in Primary Sjogren's Syndrome
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-08-2018
DOI: 10.1002/ART.40539
Abstract: Rheumatoid factors (RFs) are associated with systemic disease in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and may be pathogenic as mixed cryoglobulins. Current detection methods cannot resolve RFs at a molecular level. This study was undertaken to perform the first proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of secreted and membrane-bound IgM-RF in primary SS and identify unique heavy-chain peptide signatures for RF clonotype tracking. Purified heavy chains of serum RFs from 15 patients with primary SS were subjected to de novo mass spectrometric sequencing. The circulating B cell Ig repertoire was determined by massively parallel sequencing of IGH RNA from matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells (n = 7). RF-specific heavy-chain third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) peptides were identified by searching RF heavy-chain peptide sequences against the corresponding IGH RNA sequence libraries. Heavy-chain CDR3 peptides were used as biomarkers to track serum RF clonotypes using quantitative multiple reaction monitoring. Serum RFs were clonally restricted and composed of shared sets of IgM heavy-chain variable region (Ig V Cryoprecipitable RF clonotypes linked to vasculitis in primary SS have different molecular profiles than nonprecipitating RFs, suggesting different underlying mechanisms of production. The combined omics workflow presented herein provides molecular biomarkers for tracking and removal of pathogenic RF clones.
Identification of LOXL1 protein and Apolipoprotein E as components of surgically isolated pseudoexfoliation material by direct mass spectrometry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.EXER.2009.05.001
Abstract: Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome is the commonest cause of secondary glaucoma. Many extracellular matrix proteins and elastic fibre structure components are present in the pathological PEX deposits in the anterior segment of the eye including the anterior lens capsule. Common coding variants in the lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) gene, involved in cross-linking elastin, have been reported to be strongly associated with PEX syndrome in various human populations. The mechanism by which the LOXL1 protein contributes to the formation of PEX material is unknown. A comprehensive map of the component proteins of PEX deposits can aid the understanding of disease pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to identify additional protein constituents of pathological PEX deposits. We employed a novel proteomics approach by performing mass spectrometry on "isolated" PEX material surgically removed from the anterior lens capsule of affected eyes. This approach led to the identification of LOXL1 protein and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in PEX material. Previously identified protein constituents, latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein-2, complement 3 and clusterin were also detected. Immunohistochemical analysis of lens capsules from affected eyes confirmed the presence of both LOXL1 and ApoE in pathological PEX deposits. ApoE is a novel component of these deposits. This is the first report where a direct analytical approach has led to the identification of LOXL1 in PEX deposits and is consistent with its detection in these deposits by immunolabelling in another recent report. LOXL1 is both genetically associated with PEX syndrome and present in pathological PEX deposits. Hence it clearly has an important and direct role in pathophysiology of the disease. In conclusion, additional as yet unknown components are present in pathological PEX deposits and mass spectrometry of "isolated" PEX material is an effective strategy for their identification.
An immunodominant La/SSB autoantibody proteome derives from public clonotypes
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-10-2013
DOI: 10.1111/CEI.12171
Abstract: The La/SSB autoantigen is a major target of long-term humoral autoimmunity in primary Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) and systemic lupus erythematosus. A majority of patients with linked anti-Ro60/Ro52/La responses target an NH2-terminal epitope designated LaA that is expressed on Ro/La ribonucleoprotein complexes and the surface membrane of apoptotic cells. In this study, we used high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry to determine the clonality, isotype and V-region sequences of LaA-specific autoantibodies in seven patients with primary SS. Anti-LaA immunoglobulin (Ig)Gs purified from polyclonal sera by epitope-specific affinity chromatography were analysed by combined database and de-novo mass spectrometric sequencing. Autoantibody responses comprised two heavily mutated IgG1 kappa-restricted monoclonal species that were shared (public) across unrelated patients one clonotype was specified by an IGHV3-30 heavy chain paired with IGKV3-15 light chain and the second by an IGHV3-43/IGKV3-20 pairing. Shared amino acid replacement mutations were also seen within heavy and light chain complementarity-determining regions, consistent with a common breach of B cell tolerance followed by antigen-driven clonal selection. The discovery of public clonotypic autoantibodies directed against an immunodominant epitope on La, taken together with recent findings for the linked Ro52 and Ro60 autoantigens, supports a model of systemic autoimmunity in which humoral responses against protein–RNA complexes are mediated by public sets of autoreactive B cell clonotypes.
Purification of histidine-tagged ras and its use in the detection of ras binding proteins.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-1995
DOI: 10.1007/BF00944396
Diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-1997
DOI: 10.1093/CLINCHEM/43.8.1325
Abstract: Early diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), before the onset of irreversible pathologies, will be a key factor in the development of effective therapies for many of these disorders. Newborn screening offers a potential mechanism for the early detection of these disorders. From studies of both normal and LSD-affected human skin fibroblasts we identified the lysosome-associated membrane protein LAMP-1 as a potential diagnostic marker. We have developed a sensitive method for the quantification of this protein with a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay. A soluble form of LAMP-1 was observed in plasma s les, and determination of 152 unaffected in iduals gave a median value of 303 μg/L with the 5th and 95th percentile at 175 and 448 μg/L respectively. Plasma s les from 320 LSD-affected in iduals representing 25 different disorders were assayed. We observed that 17 of the 25 disorder groups tested had & % of in iduals above the 95th percentile of the control population, with 12 groups having 100% above the 95th percentile. Overall, 72% of patients had LAMP-1 concentrations above the 95th percentile of the unpartitioned control population. We suggest that LAMP-1 may be a useful marker in newborn screening for LSDs.
Preliminary characterisation of two early meiotic wheat proteins after identification through 2D gel electrophoresis proteomics
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/FP11253
Abstract: Various genetic-based approaches including mutant population screens, microarray analyses, cloning and transgenesis have broadened our knowledge of gene function during meiosis in plants. Nonetheless, these genetic tools are not without inherent limitations. One alternative approach to studying plant meiosis, especially in polyploids such as Triticum aestivum L. (bread wheat), is proteomics. However, protein-based approaches using proteomics have seldom been described, with only two attempts at studying early plant meiosis reported. Here, we report the investigation of early bread wheat meiosis using proteomics. Five differentially expressed protein spots were identified using 2D gel electrophoresis (2DGE) on protein extracts from four pooled stages of meiosis and three genotypes (Chinese Spring wild-type, ph1b and ph2a wheat mutant lines). Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) identification of peptides from these protein spots led to the isolation and characterisation of the full-length clones of a wheat Speckle-type POZ protein, an SF21-like protein and HSP70, and a partial coding sequence of a hexose transporter. Significantly, the putative functions of the Speckle-type POZ protein and HSP70 were confirmed using in vitro DNA binding assays. Through the use of a 2DGE proteomics approach, we show that proteomics is a viable alternative to genetic-based approaches when studying meiosis in wheat. More significantly, we report a potential role for a Speckle-type POZ protein and a HSP70 in chromosome pairing during the early stages of meiosis in bread wheat.
The moderating role of entrepreneurial management in the relationship between absorptive capacity and corporate entrepreneurship: an attention-based view
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-10-2017
Reciprocal Induction Between α-Synuclein and β-Amyloid in Adult Rat Neurons
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-05-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S12640-012-9330-Y
Abstract: In spite of definite roles for β-amyloid (Aβ) in familial Alzheimer's disease (AD), the cause of sporadic AD remains unknown. Amyloid senile plaques and Lewy body pathology frequently coexist in neocortical and hippoc al regions of AD and Parkinson's diseases. However, the relationship between Aβ and α-synuclein (α-Syn), the principle components in the pathological structures, in neuronal toxicity and the mechanisms of their interaction are not well studied. As Aβ and α-Syn accumulate in aging patients, the biological functions and toxicity of these polypeptides in the aging brain may be different from those in young brain. We examined the neurotoxicity influences of Aβ1-42 or α-Syn on mature neurons and the effects of Aβ1-42 or α-Syn on the production of endogenous α-Syn or Aβ1-40 reciprocally using a model of culture enriched with primary neurons from the hippoc us of adult rats. Treatment of neurons with high concentrations of Aβ1-42 or α-Syn caused significant apoptosis of neurons. Following Aβ1-42 treatment at sub apoptotic concentrations, both intra- and extra-cellular α-Syn levels were significantly increased. Reciprocally, the non-toxic levels of α-Syn treatment also increased intra- and extra-cellular Aβ1-40 levels. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, suppressed α-Syn-induced Aβ1-40 elevation, as well as Aβ1-42-induced α-Syn elevation. Thus, high concentrations of Aβ1-42 and α-Syn exert toxic effects on mature neurons however, non-toxic concentration treatment of these polypeptides induced the production of each other reciprocally with possible involvement of PI3K pathway.
Atmospheric Tomography: A Bayesian Inversion Technique for Determining the Rate and Location of Fugitive Emissions
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-01-2012
DOI: 10.1021/ES202807S
Abstract: A Bayesian inversion technique to determine the location and strength of trace gas emissions from a point source in open air is presented. It was tested using atmospheric measurements of N(2)O and CO(2) released at known rates from a source located within an array of eight evenly spaced s ling points on a 20-m radius circle. The analysis requires knowledge of concentration enhancement downwind of the source and the normalized, three-dimensional distribution (shape) of concentration in the dispersion plume. The influence of varying background concentrations of ∼1% for N(2)O and ∼10% for CO(2) was removed by subtracting upwind concentrations from those downwind of the source to yield only concentration enhancements. Continuous measurements of turbulent wind and temperature statistics were used to model the dispersion plume. The analysis localized the source to within 0.8 m of the true position and the emission rates were determined to better than 3% accuracy. This technique will be useful in assurance monitoring for geological storage of CO(2) and for applications requiring knowledge of the location and rate of fugitive emissions.
Detection of a 65 kDa ras binding protein in rat and sheep brain cytosol using a chemical cross linking agent.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1007/BF00935483
Abstract: Prior evidence suggests that diet modifies the association of blood ceramides with the risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). It remains unknown if diet quality modifies the association of very long-chain-to-long-chain ceramide ratios with mortality in the community. Our objectives were to determine how healthy dietary patterns associate with blood ceramide concentrations and to examine if healthy dietary patterns modify associations of ceramide ratios (C22:0/C16:0 and C24:0/C16:0) with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. We examined 2157 participants of the Framingham Offspring Study (mean age = 66 y, 55% women). Blood ceramides were quantified using a validated assay. We evaluated prospective associations of the Dietary Guidelines Adherence Index (DGAI) and Mediterranean-style Diet Score (MDS) with incidence of all-cause and cause-specific mortality using Cox proportional hazards models. Cross-sectional associations of the DGAI and MDS with ceramides were evaluated using multivariable linear regression models. The C22:0/C16:0 and C24:0/C16:0 ceramide ratios were inversely associated with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were 0.73 (0.67, 0.80) and 0.70 (0.63, 0.77) for all-cause mortality, 0.74 (0.60, 0.90) and 0.69 (0.55, 0.86) for CVD mortality, and 0.75 (0.65, 0.87) and 0.75 (0.64, 0.88) for cancer mortality, respectively. Inverse associations of the C22:0/C16:0 and C24:0/C16:0 ceramide ratios with cancer mortality were attenuated among in iduals with a higher diet quality (DGAI or MDS above the median, all P-interaction ≤0.1). The DGAI and MDS had distinct associations with ceramide ratios (DGAI: lower C22:0/C16:0 across quartiles MDS: higher C24:0/C16:0 across quartiles all P-trend ≤0.01). In our community-based s le, ceramide ratios (C22:0/C16:0 and C24:0/C16:0) were associated with a lower risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Further, we observed that a higher overall diet quality attenuates the association between blood ceramide ratios and cancer mortality and that dietary patterns have distinct relations with ceramide ratios.
Sequential hypoallergenic boiled peanut and roasted peanut oral immunotherapy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-09-2017
DOI: 10.1111/CEA.13024
Interference of α-Synuclein Uptake by Monomeric β-Amyloid1–40 and Potential Core Acting Site of the Interference
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-06-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S12640-016-9644-2
Abstract: Increasing evidence suggests an important role of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The inter-neuronal spread of α-Syn via exocytosis and endocytosis has been proposed as an explanation for the neuropathological findings of PD in sub-clinical and clinical phases. Therefore, interfering the uptake of α-Syn by neurons may be an important step in slowing or modifying the propagation of the disease. The purposes of our study were to investigate if the uptake of α-Syn fibrils can be specifically interfered with monomeric β-Amyloid1-40 (Aβ40) and to characterise the core acting site of interference. Using a radioisotope-labelled uptake assay, we found an 80 % uptake reduction of α-Syn fibrils in neurons interfered with monomeric Aβ40, but not β-Amyloid1-42 (Aβ42) as compared to controls. This finding was further confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with α-Syn uptake reduced from about 80 % (Aβ42) to about 20 % (Aβ40) relative to controls. To define the region of Aβ40 peptide capable of the interference, we explored shorter peptides with less amino acid residues from both the C-terminus and N-terminus. We found that the interference effect was preserved if amino acid residue was trimmed to position 11 (from N-terminus) and 36 (from C-terminus), but dropped off significantly if residues were trimmed beyond these positions. We therefore deduced that the "core acting site" lies between amino acid residue positions 12-36. These findings suggest α-Syn uptake can be interfered with monomeric Aβ40 and that the core acting site of interference might lie between amino acid residue positions 12-36.
Increased Expression of the Glucose-Responsive Gene, RCAN1, Causes Hypoinsulinemia, β-Cell Dysfunction, and Diabetes
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.1210/EN.2011-2149
Abstract: RCAN1 is a chromosome 21 gene that controls secretion in endocrine cells, regulates mitochondrial function, and is sensitive to oxidative stress. Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is also an endogenous inhibitor of the protein phosphatase calcineurin, the inhibition of which leads to hypoinsulinemia and diabetes in humans and mice. However, the presence or the role of RCAN1 in insulin-secreting β-cells and its potential role in the pathogenesis of diabetes is unknown. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the presence of RCAN1 in β-cells and identify its role in β-cell function. RCAN1 is expressed in mouse islets and in the cytosol of pancreatic β-cells. We find RCAN1 is a glucose-responsive gene with a 1.5-fold increase in expression observed in pancreatic islets in response to chronic hyperglycemia. The overexpression of the human RCAN1.1 isoform in mice under the regulation of its endogenous promoter causes diabetes, age-associated hyperglycemia, reduced glucose tolerance, hypoinsulinemia, loss of β-cells, reduced β-cell insulin secretion, aberrant mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and the down-regulation of key β-cell genes. Our data therefore identifies a novel molecular link between the overexpression of RCAN1 and β-cell dysfunction. The glucose-responsive nature of RCAN1 provides a potential mechanism of action associated with the β-cell dysfunction observed in diabetes.
Comparison of the specific incorporation of intracrystalline proteins into urinary calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate crystals
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 30-07-2010
DOI: 10.1021/PR100467Z
Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the comprehensive intracrystalline protein profiles of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and dihydrate (COD) crystals precipitated from the same human urine s les. Three separate batches of COM and COD crystals were precipitated from pooled healthy human urine by the addition of sodium oxalate at calcium concentrations of 2 and 8 mM, respectively. Proteins in whole extracts of demineralised COM and COD crystals, as well as in spots excised from 2D-PAGE gels of the extracts, were identified using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The number and type of in idual proteins differed between COM and COD: 14 substantive proteins were found inside COM crystal extracts and 34 inside COD, with 9 proteins occurring in both crystal types. Numerous keratins were detected. However, in line with consensus in the proteomics literature, as well as a lack of published evidence linking them to urolithiasis, they were excluded as contaminants, leaving very few consistently detected proteins. On the basis of their known association with stone disease or identification in multiple runs, the principal proteins in COM crystal extracts were prothrombin fragment 1, protein S100A9, and IGkappaV1-5, while those in extracts of COD crystals included osteopontin, IGkappaV1-5, protein S100A9, annexin A1, HMW kininogen-1, and inter-alpha-inhibitor (IalphaI). In general, proteins incorporated into both hydromorphs were acidic (pI<6), smaller than 55 kDa, and calcium binders. We concluded that the incorporation of proteins into urinary COM and COD crystals is selective and that only a few of the urinary proteins associated with the two hydromorphs are likely to play any significant role in stone pathogenesis.
The Batten disease gene product (CLN3p) is a Golgi integral membrane protein
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-1999
DOI: 10.1093/HMG/8.3.523
Evidence that the major hemolymph protein of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, has antiviral activity against herpesviruses
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ANTIVIRAL.2014.08.010
Abstract: Viruses belonging to the family Malacoherpesviridae currently pose a serious threat to global production of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Hemolymph extracts from C. gigas are known to have potent antiviral activity. The compound(s) responsible for this broad-spectrum antiviral activity in oyster hemolymph have not been identified. The objective of this study was to identify these antiviral compound(s) and establish whether hemolymph antiviral activity is under genetic control in the Australian C. gigas population. Hemolymph antiviral activity of 18 family lines of C. gigas were assayed using a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Vero cell plaque reduction assay. Differences in anti-HSV-1 activity between the family lines were observed (p<0.001) with heritability estimated to be low (h(2)=0.21). A glycoprotein that inhibits HSV-1 replication was identified by resolving oyster hemolymph by native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and assaying extracted protein fractions using the HSV-1 and Vero cell plaque assay. Highest anti-HSV-1 activity corresponded with an N-linked glycoprotein with an estimated molecular mass of 21kDa under non-reducing SDS-PAGE conditions. Amino acid sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry revealed this protein matched the major hemolymph protein, termed cavortin. Our results provide further evidence that cavortin is a multifunctional protein involved in immunity and that assays associated with its activity might be useful for marker-assisted selection of disease resistant oysters.
A comparison of LKB1/AMPK/mTOR metabolic axis response to global ischaemia in brain, heart, liver and kidney in a rat model of cardiac arrest
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-06-2018
Abundance of Synaptic Vesicle-Related Proteins in Alpha-Synuclein-Containing Protein Inclusions Suggests a Targeted Formation Mechanism.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-02-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S12640-019-00014-0
Abstract: Proteinaceous α-synuclein-containing inclusions are found in affected brain regions in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). These appear in neurons as Lewy bodies in both PD and DLB and as glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) in oligodendrocytes in MSA. The role they play in the pathology of the diseases is unknown, and relatively little is still known about their composition. By purifying the inclusions from the surrounding tissue and comprehensively analysing their protein composition, vital clues to the formation mechanism and role in the disease process may be found. In this study, Lewy bodies were purified from postmortem brain tissue from DLB cases (n = 2) and GCIs were purified from MSA cases (n = 5) using a recently improved purification method, and the purified inclusions were analysed by mass spectrometry. Twenty-one percent of the proteins found consistently in the GCIs and LBs were synaptic-vesicle related. Identified proteins included those associated with exosomes (CD9), clathrin-mediated endocytosis (clathrin, AP-2 complex, dynamin), retrograde transport (dynein, dynactin, spectrin) and synaptic vesicle fusion (synaptosomal-associated protein 25, vesicle-associated membrane protein 2, syntaxin-1). This suggests that the misfolded or excess α-synuclein may be targeted to inclusions via vesicle-mediated transport, which also explains the presence of the neuronal protein α-synuclein within GCIs.
Know thy fly
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.TIG.2007.03.007
Abstract: The generation and analysis of mutants is central to studies of gene function in model organisms. Methods for random mutagenesis in Drosophila melanogaster have been available for many years, but an alternative approach--targeted mutagenesis using homologous recombination--has only recently been developed. This approach has the advantage of specificity, because genes of interest can be altered. One might expect with a gene-targeting approach that the frequency of background mutations would be minimal. Unfortunately, we have found that this is not the case. Although the possibility of background mutations arising during homologous-recombination-based gene targeting has been raised in the literature, it is not routinely taken into account when using this technique. Our experience suggests that it can be a considerable problem but that it has a relatively simple solution.
Precipitating anti-dsDNA peptide repertoires in lupus
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-10-2018
DOI: 10.1111/CEI.13197
Abstract: Anti-double-stranded (ds)DNA autoantibodies are prototypical serological markers of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but little is known about their immunoglobulin variable (IgV) region composition at the level of the secreted (serum) proteome. Here, we use a novel proteomic workflow based on de novo mass spectrometric sequencing of anti-dsDNA precipitins to analyse IgV subfamily expression and mutational signatures of high-affinity, precipitating anti-dsDNA responses. Serum anti-dsDNA proteomes were oligoclonal with shared (public) expression of immunoglobulin (Ig)G heavy chain variable region (IGHV) and kappa chain variable region (IGKV) subfamilies. IgV peptide maps from eight subjects showed extensive public and random (private) amino acid replacement mutations with prominent arginine substitutions across heavy (H)- and light (L)-chains. Shared sets of L-chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) peptides specified by arginine substitutions were sequenced from the dominantly expressed IGKV3-20 subfamily, with changes in expression levels of a clonal L-chain CDR3 peptide by quantitative multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) paralleling the rise and fall of anti-dsDNA levels by Farr radioimmunoassays (RIA). The heavily mutated IgV peptide signatures of precipitating anti-dsDNA autoantibody proteomes reflect the strong selective forces that shape humoral anti-dsDNA responses in germinal centres. Direct sequencing of agarose gel precipitins using microlitre volumes of stored sera streamlines the antibody sequencing workflow and is generalizable to other precipitating serum antibodies.
Isolated anti-Ro52 identifies a severe subset of Sjögren’s syndrome patients
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 16-03-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FIMMU.2023.1115548
Abstract: Serum autoantibodies targeting the SSA/Ro proteins are a key component of the classification criteria for the diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). Most patients' serum reacts with both Ro60 and Ro52 proteins. Here we compare the molecular and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with SS with anti-Ro52 in the presence or absence of anti-Ro60/La autoantibodies. A cross-sectional study was performed. Patients in the SS biobank at Westmead Hospital (Sydney, Australia) that were positive for anti-Ro52 were included and stratified based on the absence (isolated) or presence (combined) of anti-Ro60/La, measured by line immunoassay. We examined clinical associations and the serological and molecular characteristics of anti-Ro52 using ELISA and mass spectrometry in serological groups. A total of 123 SS patients were included for study. SS patients with isolated anti-Ro52 (12%) identified a severe serological subset characterised by higher disease activity, vasculitis, pulmonary involvement, rheumatoid factor (RhF) and cryoglobulinaemia. Serum antibodies reacting with Ro52 in the isolated anti-Ro52 subset displayed less isotype switching, less immunoglobulin variable region subfamily usage and a lower degree of somatic hypermutation than the combined anti-Ro52 subset. In our cohort of SS patients, isolated anti-Ro52 represents a severe subset of SS, and is associated with the presence of cryoglobulinaemia. We therefore provide clinical relevance to the stratification of SS patients by their sero-reactivities. It is possible that the autoantibody patterns may be immunological epiphenomena of the underlying disease process, and further work is required to unearth the mechanisms of the differential clinical phenotypes.
Myrmecia pilosula (Jack Jumper) ant venom: Identification of allergens and revised nomenclature
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-03-2007
DOI: 10.1111/J.1398-9995.2007.01320.X
Abstract: The 'Jack Jumper Ant' (JJA Myrmecia pilosula species complex) is the major cause of ant sting anaphylaxis in Australia. Our aims were to determine the allergenicity of previously described venom peptides in their native forms, identify additional allergens and if necessary, update nomenclature used to describe the allergens according to International Union of Immunological Societies criteria. Various polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis methods were used to separate JJA venom. Gel resolved venom was Western-blotted and probed with in idual sera taken from patients with a history of JJA sting anaphylaxis and immunoglobulin E radioallergosorbent test (IgE RAST) tracer uptakes of >1% to whole venom. Of 67 available sera, 54 had RAST uptakes >1%. Thirteen IgE binding bands were identified using these sera. Pilosulin 3, [Ile(5)]pilosulin 1, and pilosulin 4.1 were recognized by 42 (78%), 18 (33%) and nine (17%) of the 54 sera that were tested. Immunoglobulin E-binding proteins with estimated molecular masses of 6.6, 22.8, 25.6, 30.4, 32.1, 34.4 and 89.8 kDa were each recognized by three or more in idual sera. Two of these (25.6 and 89.8 kDa) were recognized by 46% and 37% of sera, respectively. Nomenclature used to describe JJA venom allergens has been revised. Pilosulin 3 (Myr p 2) is the only major allergen, whilst [Ile(5)]pilosulin 1 (Myr p 1), and pilosulin 4.1 (Myr p 3) are minor allergens. There are an additional five IgE-binding proteins that require further characterization before they can be named as allergens. These findings provide a framework for standardizing venom extracts for diagnosis and immunotherapy.
Proteomic analysis of hemolymph from poly(I:C)-stimulated Crassostrea gigas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.FSI.2015.11.018
Abstract: Synthetic double stranded RNA (Poly(I:C)) injection of Crassostrea gigas results in a systemic antiviral response involving many evolutionary conserved antiviral effectors (ISGs). Compared to mammals, the timing of C. gigas ISG expression to viral or poly(I:C) injection is delayed (>12 h p.i.). It could be interpreted that a cytokine is responsible for the systemic, but delayed expression of C. gigas ISGs. We therefore analysed the acellular fraction of C. gigas hemolymph by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) to identify hemolymph proteins induced by poly(I:C). Poly(I:C) injection increased the relative intensity of four protein spots. These protein spots were identified by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as a small heat shock protein (sHSP), poly(I:C)-inducible protein 1 (PIP1) and two isoforms of C1q-domain containing protein (C1qDC). RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that the genes encoding these proteins are induced in hemocytes of C. gigas injected with poly(I:C) (p < 0.05). Proteomic data from this experiment corroborates previous microarray and whole transcriptome studies that have reported up-regulation of C1qDC and sHSP during mass mortality events among farmed oysters.
Proteomic characterisation of perhexiline treatment on THP-1 M1 macrophage differentiation
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 13-03-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FIMMU.2023.1054588
Abstract: Dysregulated inflammation is important in the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer, allergy, and autoimmunity. Macrophage activation and polarisation are commonly involved in the initiation, maintenance and resolution of inflammation. Perhexiline (PHX), an antianginal drug, has been suggested to modulate macrophage function, but the molecular effects of PHX on macrophages are unknown. In this study we investigated the effect of PHX treatment on macrophage activation and polarization and reveal the underlying proteomic changes induced. We used an established protocol to differentiate human THP-1 monocytes into M1 or M2 macrophages involving three distinct, sequential stages (priming, rest, and differentiation). We examined the effect of PHX treatment at each stage on the polarization into either M1 or M2 macrophages using flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative changes in the proteome were investigated using data independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA MS). PHX treatment promoted M1 macrophage polarization, including increased STAT1 and CCL2 expression and IL-1β secretion. This effect occurred when PHX was added at the differentiation stage of the M1 cultures. Proteomic profiling of PHX treated M1 cultures identified changes in metabolic (fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis and oxidative phosphorylation) and immune signalling (Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Rho GTPase and interferon) pathways. This is the first study to report on the action of PHX on THP-1 macrophage polarization and the associated changes in the proteome of these cells.
Scoping review of chronic rhinosinusitis proteomics
Publisher: Stichting Nase
Date: 06-2020
DOI: 10.4193/RHIN20.034
The extracellular domain of neurotrophin receptor p75 as a candidate biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 27-01-2014
Evidence for Glucagon Secretion and Function Within the Human Gut
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Date: 03-02-2021
Abstract: Glucagon is secreted by pancreatic α cells in response to hypoglycemia and increases hepatic glucose output through hepatic glucagon receptors (GCGRs). There is evidence supporting the notion of extrapancreatic glucagon but its source and physiological functions remain elusive. Intestinal tissue s les were obtained from patients undergoing surgical resection of cancer. Mass spectrometry analysis was used to detect glucagon from mucosal lysate. Static incubations of mucosal tissue were performed to assess glucagon secretory response. Glucagon concentration was quantitated using a highly specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A cholesterol uptake assay and an isolated murine colonic motility assay were used to assess the physiological functions of intestinal GCGRs. Fully processed glucagon was detected by mass spectrometry in human intestinal mucosal lysate. High glucose evoked significant glucagon secretion from human ileal tissue independent of sodium glucose cotransporter and KATP channels, contrasting glucose-induced glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion. The GLP-1 receptor agonist Exendin-4 attenuated glucose-induced glucagon secretion from the human ileum. GCGR blockade significantly increased cholesterol uptake in human ileal crypt culture and markedly slowed ex vivo colonic motility. Our findings describe the human gut as a potential source of extrapancreatic glucagon and demonstrate a novel enteric glucagon/GCGR circuit with important physiological functions beyond glycemic regulation.
Purification and Characterization of a Novel Alginate Lyase from a Marine Streptomyces Species Isolated from Seaweed
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-10-2021
DOI: 10.3390/MD19110590
Abstract: Alginate, a natural polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, is finding multiple applications in biomedicine via its transformation through chemical, physical, and, increasingly, enzymatic processes. In this study a novel alginate lyase, AlyDS44, was purified and characterized from a marine actinobacterium, Streptomyces luridiscabiei, which was isolated from decomposing seaweed. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 108.6 U/mg, with a molecular weight of 28.6 kDa, and was composed of 260 amino acid residues. AlyDS44 is a bifunctional alginate lyase, active on both polyguluronate and polymannuronate, though it preferentially degrades polyguluronate. The optimal pH of this enzyme is 8.5 and the optimal temperature is 45 °C. It is a salt-tolerant alginate lyase with an optimal activity at 0.6 M NaCl. Metal ions Mn2+, Co2+, and Fe2+ increased the alginate degrading activity, but it was inhibited in the presence of Zn2+ and Cu2+. The highly conserved regions of its amino acid sequences indicated that AlyDS44 belongs to the polysaccharide lyase family 7. The main breakdown products of the enzyme on alginate were disaccharides, trisaccharides, and tetrasaccharides, which demonstrated that this enzyme acted as an endo-type alginate lyase. AlyDS44 is a novel enzyme, with the potential for efficient production of alginate oligosaccharides with low degrees of polymerization.
Structural Elucidation of Novel Saponins in the Sea Cucumber Holothuria lessoni
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-08-2014
DOI: 10.3390/MD12084439
Proteomic mapping of rheumatoid factors in early rheumatoid arthritis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-10-2020
DOI: 10.1002/ART.41446
The Nasal Innate Immune Proteome After Saline Irrigation: A Pilot Study in Healthy Individuals
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 27-02-2023
DOI: 10.1177/19458924231159176
Abstract: Previous research has shown diminished nasal immune function following nasal saline irrigation (NSI), returning to baseline at 6 hours. The aim of this study was to examine the immune nasal proteome before and after 14 days of nasal irrigation. Seventeen healthy volunteers received either isotonic (IsoSal) or low salt (LowNa) NSI. Nasal secretions were collected before and 30 min after NSI at baseline and again after 14 days. Specimens were analyzed using mass spectrometry to detect proteins of relevance to nasal immune function. One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five proteins were identified with significant changes in 71 proteins, of which 23 were identified as part of the innate immune system. Baseline analysis demonstrated an increase of 9 innate proteins after NSI, most after IsoSal. After 14 days, a greater increase in innate peptides was present, with most now in the LowNa group. When NSI solutions were compared, a significant increase in 4 innate proteins, including a 211% in lysozyme, was detected in the LowNa group. LowNa NSI demonstrates evidence of improving the innate immune secretions, especially lysozyme, in healthy volunteers.
Proteomic analysis of influenza haemagglutinin-specific antibodies following vaccination reveals convergent immunoglobulin variable region signatures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.VACCINE.2017.08.053
Abstract: Analysis of the anti-haemagglutinin serum antibody proteome from six H1N1pdm09 influenza A vaccinated subjects demonstrated restricted IgG1 heavy chain species encoded by IGHV5-51 and IGHV3-7 gene families in 2 subjects and either IGHV5-51 or IGHV3-7 in 4 in iduals. All subjects exhibited a dominant IGKV3-20 light chain, however 5 subjects also exhibited IGKV3-11 and IGKV4-1 families. Sequences were closely aligned with the matched germline sequence, with few shared mutations. This study illustrates the feasibility of using a proteomic approach to determine the expressed V region signatures of serum antibodies induced by vaccination.
Proteomic analysis reveals downregulation of housekeeping proteins in the diabetic vascular proteome
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-10-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00592-016-0929-Y
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk of death associated with cardiovascular complications. However, a complete understanding of protein changes within the diabetic vasculature is still lacking. Herein, we utilized mass spectrometry to perform vascular and urinary proteome analysis using a rat model of high-fat feeding and low-dose streptozotocin to simulate late-stage T2D. The purpose of this study was to identify aortic and urine proteins that are differentially expressed in normal and T2D rats. High-fat feeding and low-dose streptozotocin resulted in hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and high levels of circulating free fatty acids. Using a shotgun proteomic approach, high-mobility-group protein B1 and spondin-1 were significantly increased in T2D aorta compared to control aorta, suggesting vascular inflammation and smooth muscle proliferation, respectively. However, the majority of differentially expressed aortic proteins were downregulated in T2D, including proteins associated with coagulation, cell differentiation and redox homeostasis. Strikingly, we report a significant downregulation of commonly used cytoskeletal housekeeping proteins in T2D aorta. Urine from T2D rats displayed increased expression of proteins involved in inflammation and oxidative stress and decreased expression of proteins associated with lipid metabolism and cell adhesion. A number of differentially expressed proteins in urine of T2D rats have previously been reported in human T2D, thereby supporting this animal model as a good representation of human T2D. Our data offer new information regarding key pathways that could be therapeutically targeted to combat the cardiovascular complications of T2D.
Reduced expression of apolipoprotein E and immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 proteins in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-07-2019
DOI: 10.1111/CEO.13569
Abstract: Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a progressive and potentially a sight threatening disease, and a common indication for corneal grafting in the elderly. Aberrant thickening of Descemet's membrane, formation of microscopic excrescences (guttae) and gradual loss of corneal endothelial cells are the hallmarks of the disease. The aim of this study was to identify differentially abundant proteins between FECD-affected and unaffected Descemet's membrane. Label-free quantitative proteomics using nanoscale ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (nUPLC-MS Quantitative proteomics revealed significantly lower abundance of apolipoprotein E (APOE) and immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 protein (IGHG1) in affected Descemet's membrane. The difference in the distribution of APOE between affected and unaffected Descemet's membrane and of IGHG1 detected by immunohistochemistry support their down-regulation in the disease. Comparative gene expression analysis showed significantly lower APOE mRNA levels in FECD-affected than unaffected corneal endothelium. IGHG1 gene is expressed at extremely low levels in the corneal endothelium, precluding relative expression analysis. This is the first study to report comparative proteomics of Descemet's membrane tissue, and implicates dysregulation of APOE and IGHG1 proteins in the pathogenesis of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.
From genome to proteome: Looking beyond DNA and RNA in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPROT.2017.01.001
Abstract: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains the most common leukemia in the Western world. Whilst its disease course is extremely heterogeneous (ranging from indolent to aggressive), current methods are unable to accurately predict the clinical journey of each patient. There is clearly a pressing need for both improved prognostication and treatment options for patients with this disease. Whilst molecular studies have analyzed both genetic mutations and gene expression profiles of these malignant B-cells, and as a result have shed light on the pathogenesis of CLL, proteomic studies have been largely overlooked to date. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the proteomics of CLL, and discusses some of the issues in CLL proteomic research, such as reproducibility and data interpretation. In addition, we look ahead to how proteomics may significantly help in the development of a successful treatment for this currently incurable disease.
Lupus anti-ribosomal P autoantibody proteomes express convergent biclonal signatures
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 29-01-2016
DOI: 10.1111/CEI.12750
Abstract: Lupus-specific anti-ribosomal P (anti-Rib-P) autoantibodies have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological complications in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of the present study was to determine variable (V)-region signatures of secreted autoantibody proteomes specific for the Rib-P heterocomplex and investigate the molecular basis of the reported cross-reactivity with Sm autoantigen. Anti-Rib-P immunoglobulins (IgGs) were purified from six anti-Rib-P-positive sera by elution from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plates coated with either native Rib-P proteins or an 11-amino acid peptide (11-C peptide) representing the conserved COOH-terminal P epitope. Rib-P- and 11-C peptide-specific IgGs were analysed for heavy (H) and light (L) chain clonality and V-region expression using an electrophoretic and de-novo and database-driven mass spectrometric sequencing workflow. Purified anti-Rib-P and anti-SmD IgGs were tested for cross-reactivity on ELISA and their proteome data sets analysed for shared clonotypes. Anti-Rib-P autoantibody proteomes were IgG1 kappa-restricted and comprised two public clonotypes defined by unique H/L chain pairings. The major clonotypic population was specific for the common COOH-terminal epitope, while the second shared the same pairing signature as a recently reported anti-SmD clonotype, accounting for two-way immunoassay cross-reactivity between these lupus autoantibodies. Sequence convergence of anti-Rib-P proteomes suggests common molecular pathways of autoantibody production and identifies stereotyped clonal populations that are thought to play a pathogenic role in neuropsychiatric lupus. Shared clonotypic structures for anti-Rib-P and anti-Sm responses suggest a common B cell clonal origin for subsets of these lupus-specific autoantibodies.
Molecular typing of cryoglobulins by mass spectrometry
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 25-10-2020
Writer's cramp in an Australian pedigree with DYT1 dystonia.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2004
Dominantly‐inherited adult‐onset leukodystrophy with palatal tremor caused by a mutation in the glial fibrillary acidic protein gene
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-05-2004
DOI: 10.1002/MDS.20161
Abstract: We report on a pedigree of dominantly-inherited, adult-onset Alexander disease caused by the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene mutation, R416W. This pedigree highlights the importance of genetic analysis of the GFAP gene in leukodystrophy with palatal tremor.
Proteomic analysis of nasal mucus samples of healthy patients and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Molecular signature of a public clonotypic autoantibody in primary Sjögren's syndrome: A forbidden clone in systemic autoimmunity
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-10-2011
DOI: 10.1002/ART.30566
Altered expression of metabolic pathways in CLL detected by unlabelled quantitative mass spectrometry analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-01-2019
DOI: 10.1111/BJH.15751
Abstract: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) remains the most common incurable malignancy of B cells in the western world. Patient outcomes are heterogeneous and can be difficult to predict with current prognostic markers. Here, we used a quantitative label-free proteomic technique to ascertain differences in the B-cell proteome from healthy donors and CLL patients with either mutated (M-CLL) or unmutated (UM-CLL) IGHV to identify new prognostic markers. In peripheral B-CLL cells, 349 (22%) proteins were differentially expressed between normal B cells and B-CLL cells and 189 (12%) were differentially expressed between M-CLL and UM-CLL. We also examined the proteome of proliferating CLL cells in the lymph nodes, and identified 76 (~8%) differentially expressed proteins between healthy and CLL lymph nodes. B-CLL cells show over-expression of proteins involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. A comprehensive lipidomic analysis highlighted large differences in glycolipids and sphingolipids. A shift was observed from the pro-apoptotic lipid ceramide towards the anti-apoptotic/chemoresistant lipid, glucosylceramide, which was more evident in patients with aggressive disease (UM-CLL). This study details a novel quantitative proteomic technique applied for the first time to primary patient s les in CLL and highlights that primary CLL lymphocytes display markers of a metabolic shift towards lipid synthesis and breakdown.
Circular RNAs drive oncogenic chromosomal translocations within the MLL recombinome in leukemia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia is mediated by a stereotyped clonotypic antibody
Publisher: American Society of Hematology
Date: 13-10-2022
Immunoglobulin repertoire restriction characterises the serological responses of patients with predominant antibody deficiency.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Purification of α-synuclein containing inclusions from human post mortem brain tissue
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JNEUMETH.2016.03.016
Abstract: Comparison with existing methods. Neurodegenerative disorders affect a large proportion of the elderly population. A group of disorders, known as the α-synucleinopathies, are characterised by the presence of α-synuclein-containing protein inclusions, such as Lewy Bodies (LBs) found in neurons from Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), and Glial Cytoplasmic Inclusions (GCIs) found in oligodendrocytes from Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). The analysis of the protein composition of inclusions has been hindered by limitations of methods for isolating the inclusions from the surrounding tissue. Four modifications were made to the published method for GCI purification by Gai et al. (1999) which were: collecting the entire inclusion-containing part of the Percoll gradient lysis of nuclei prior to DNAse digestion limited tryptic digestion to release inclusions from the cytoskeletal meshwork and increased antibody and magnetic bead concentrations/volumes to capture the larger amounts of inclusions. The optimised method gave a 28-fold increase in yield compared to the published method of Gai et al. (1999). A 2D-DIGE comparison revealed a 3.8-fold increase in α-synuclein enrichment and a corresponding 5.2-fold reduction in tubulin contamination. This method was also successfully adapted to the purification of LBs from DLB tissue. A 2D-DIGE comparison of purified GCIs (n=2) revealed that GCIs consist of 11.7% α-synuclein, 1.9% α-β-crystallin and 2.3% 14-3-3 proteins compared to 8.5%, 2.0% and 1.5% in LBs, respectively. This study has generated an improved method for the purification of α-synuclein-containing inclusions with a yield sufficient for multiple forms of analysis.
Studies on the iodination of aras protein and the detection ofras polymers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-1994
DOI: 10.1007/BF00926042
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