ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6985-2880
Current Organisations
University of Technology Sydney
,
University of New England
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Optics And Opto-Electronic Physics | Nanotechnology | Polymers | Functional Materials | Materials Engineering | Materials Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Building Science and Techniques | Optical Physics | Condensed Matter Physics | Optical And Photonic Systems | Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified | Nanophotonics | Optical Physics Not Elsewhere Classified | Communications Technologies | Physical Chemistry Not Elsewhere Classified | Interior And Environmental Design | Nanotechnology | Interdisciplinary Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Interdisciplinary Engineering | Condensed Matter Physics—Other | Nanofabrication, Growth and Self Assembly
Plastic products (incl. Construction materials) | Energy Storage, Distribution and Supply not elsewhere classified | Energy Conservation and Efficiency not elsewhere classified | Paints | Other | Conservation and efficiency | Residential and commercial | Other | Network transmission equipment | Expanding Knowledge in Technology | Hydrogen Production from Renewable Energy | Energy Storage (excl. Hydrogen) | Polymeric materials (e.g. paints) | Energy distribution not elsewhere classified | Manufactured products not elsewhere classified | Computer hardware and electronic equipment not elsewhere classified | Coated Metal and Metal-Coated Products |
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 03-11-2003
DOI: 10.1117/12.505603
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-02-1992
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-04-1993
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-12-1974
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2007
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 02-06-2011
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/44/25/255102
Abstract: The optical response of growing silver thin films undergoes a transition dominated by three distinct plasmonic modes, two localized and one delocalized. Their admix as a function of added mass is analysed. The onset of the delocalized or Drude mode occurs before the sharp electrical percolation transition so optically the full insulator–metal transition is broadened. A scaling explanation supported by images shows Ag islands only have to link up over 200–300 nm to yield partial delocalization. The localized modes are (i) from silver nano-islands and (ii) a transitional anomalous mode, peaking near the dc critical percolation point, from islands surrounded by network. Growing silver within a multilayer oxide stack is compared with that on glass. The transition in thermal emittance matches that in the delocalized mode. Its broadening enables practical tuning of intermediate emittance by varying mass.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1925
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-08-1994
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1999
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-03-1991
DOI: 10.1063/1.348474
Abstract: A useful magnitude of angular selective transmittance of incident unpolarized light is demonstrated in obliquely deposited aluminum. Required deposition procedures and anisotropic optical properties are discussed. Angular selectivity is very strong at visible wavelengths but both experiment and theory indicate that a single oblique layer with well defined columns gives high transmittance at near-infrared wavelengths compared with normal films. There are ways of reducing this to enhance the energy control capability. Both solar and luminous angular selectivity are reported.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1992
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 30-11-2009
DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/1/015203
Abstract: Anomalous strong resonances in silver and gold nanoporous thin films which conduct are found to arise from isolated metal nano-islands separated from the surrounding percolating metal network by a thin loop of insulator. This observed resonant optical response is modelled. The observed peak position is in agreement with the observed average dimensions of the silver core and insulator shell. As the insulating ring thickness shrinks, the resonance moves to longer wavelengths and strengthens. This structure is the Babinet's principle counterpart of dielectric core-metal shell nanoparticles embedded in dielectric. Like for the latter, tuning of resonant absorption is possible, but here the matrix reflects rather than transmits, and tuning to longer wavelengths is more practical. A new class of metal mirror occurring as a single thin layer is identified using the same resonances in dense metal mirrors. Narrow band deep localized dips in reflectance result.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 14-06-2010
DOI: 10.1063/1.3455331
Abstract: Oxide coated metal nanoparticles buried within a thin metal layer support a surface plasmon resonance. A local dip occurs in spectral reflectance along with a switching off of the film’s plasmonic response. Models are introduced in which these resonances are tunable by altering the ratio of oxide thickness to core particle radius. The optical response of two experimental ex les is presented and modeled using effective medium theory. Beyond the resonance zone the doped layer switches back to the plasmonic response of a nanoporous version of the host metal whose effective plasma frequency arises only from the percolating component.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 04-12-1995
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1989
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 06-2022
Abstract: Photons excited into ground state modes at finite temperature display partitioning among photon phases, lifetimes and distances travelled since creation. These distributions set the distance from an interface a created photon has some chance of emission. Excited photons have phase velocity set by their mode’s propagation index n which sets mode density then internal energy contribution. All photons that strike an interface obliquely if emitted are refracted, and their exit intensities are irreversible except when weak internal attenuation occurs. Attenuation index k near zero degrees is small, so reversibility is approximate. As temperature rises refraction of exiting photons varies. Total emission remains reversible after transitioning through a nonequilibrium state with no other heat inputs. In equilibrium the densities of excitations that create and annihilate photons are in balance with photon densities, and emissivity dependent on n, k, temperature, and internal incident direction. Exit intensities from pure water and crystalline silica are modelled. They contain strong resonant intensities, and match data accurately. Intrinsic resonances formed within liquids and compounds are due to photon modes hybridising with localized excitations, including molecular oscillations and the anharmonic component of lattice distortions. They explain the many resonant spectral intensities seen in remote sensing. Each hybrid oscillator is a photonic virtual bound state whose energy fluctuates between levels separated by hf. Other features addressed are radiance when solid angle changes at exit, anomalous refraction, thermal recycling of internally reflected photons, fluxes within multilayers, and enhanced internal heat flux from phonon drag by photon density gradients under an external temperature gradient.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1982
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-01-2010
DOI: 10.1021/NL903271D
Abstract: Nanoparticles that have narrow absorption bands that lie entirely within the atmosphere's transparent window from 7.9 to 13 mum can be used to radiatively cool to temperatures that are well below ambient. Heating from incoming atmospheric radiation in the remainder of the Planck radiation spectrum, where the atmosphere is nearly "black", is reduced if the particles are dopants in infrared transmitting polymers, or in transmitting coatings on low emittance substrates. Crystalline SiC nanoparticles stand out with a surface phonon resonance from 10.5 to 13 mum clear of the atmospheric ozone band. Resonant SiO(2) nanoparticles are complementary, absorbing from 8 to 10 mum, which includes atmospheric ozone emissions. Their spectral location has made SiC nanoparticles in space dust a feature in ground-based IR astronomy. Optical properties are presented and subambient cooling performance analyzed for doped polyethylene on aluminum. A mixture of SiC and SiO(2) nanoparticles yields high performance cooling at low cost within a practical cooling rig.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 28-12-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.638126
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 07-1998
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 11-03-1977
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1998
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2004
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 22-12-2015
DOI: 10.1117/12.2202278
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2004
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-04-1985
DOI: 10.1063/1.95485
Abstract: Semitransparent gold films under 10 nm thick were produced with ion plating onto glass and were shown to give improvements, depending on thickness, for either solar control or transparent heat-mirror applications relative to conventional deposits. Film inhomogeneities, modified gold optical constants, and ion-beam assisted onset of film coalescence all play an important role. An anomalously large frequency dependence of conduction electron relaxation time was identified in a continuous film from a Drude analysis.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 04-1992
DOI: 10.1063/1.1143795
Abstract: We describe a simple and inexpensive potentiostat, incorporating current boosting and filtering circuitry for use in the study of coloration and bleaching in electrochromic thin films. The system is sufficiently flexible to permit utilization in other electrochemical applications.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2006
Abstract: The optical properties of some nanoscale composites may deviate from that expected from a simple law of mixture of their in idual components. In these cases the resulting structure can be considered to be a type of “metamaterial”. Here we explore some of the possibilities for nanoscale composite structures comprised of gold and VO 2 – the latter being a functional material that undergoes a reversible insulator to metallic phase transition at 68°C. Two microstructures are examined: aggregates of gold nanoparticles surrounded by VO 2 as the continuous phase, and its geometric inverse, mesoporous gold sponge with discontinuous VO 2 inclusions. A composite, right-angled parallelepiped measuring 40×100×100 nm is taken as representative of the mixture, and calculations of the optical properties performed using the discrete dipole approximation code of Draine and Flatau. The VO 2 matrix strongly attenuates the dipole-dipole plasmon resonance of the gold structure, and thermochromic switching of the remaining plasmon resonance occurs
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1986
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1998
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 28-04-1997
DOI: 10.1063/1.118821
Abstract: The Maxwell–Garnett class of effective medium model applies if a representative cell can be found whose polarization vanishes upon insertion in the effective medium. For an anisotropic composite with randomly distributed ellipsoidal particles aligned along the principal axis, this leads to electrostatic restraints on the shape of such cells. It is shown that the cell boundary must have different depolarization factors to the inclusion within the cell. Practice is to equate them. A new physically correct ellipsometric modeling routine still with only two fitting parameters is demonstrated.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 06-09-2017
DOI: 10.1117/12.2273548
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 13-03-1989
DOI: 10.1063/1.100757
Abstract: Thin Cr films were made by oblique-angle evaporation onto glass. Electron microscopy showed an inclined columnar microstructure. Spectrophotometry yielded a strongly angular-selective p-polarized transmittance, consistent with recent theoretical notions, of potential interest for energy-efficient windows.
Publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
Date: 10-05-2012
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 31-12-1996
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-1979
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 31-08-2006
DOI: 10.1117/12.680246
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 09-04-2001
DOI: 10.1063/1.1359489
Abstract: Obliquely deposited metal films which are nearly continuous, displaying several unexpected solar optical properties. Transmittance intensity, spectral character, preferred direction of incidence, and polarization sensitivity, infer processes which effective-medium models based solely on “interior” properties cannot describe. Amplified transmittance through voids around 20 nm wide involving near surface excitations can explain the data.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-02-1989
DOI: 10.1063/1.342940
Abstract: The optical properties (n,k,ε,neff) of chemically ordered a-Si1−xCx:H alloys have been measured and then analyzed with the effective-medium theory. Included is the first experimental result for an amorphous binary semiconductor that is known to be almost fully chemically ordered, and represented by the formula a-SiC0.64:H. Chemical order is induced by heavy dilution of the plasma with hydrogen. Chemical ordering shifts absorption to shorter wavelengths. Analysis using a scaling theory to define optical constants of different tetrahedron components leads to serious errors in the a-Si1−xCx:H series.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1985
DOI: 10.1016/0165-0173(85)90009-8
Abstract: When nigro-striatal and meso-cortical neurons degenerate there is a loss of dopamine in the terminal fields and an accumulation of amines in the axons of these systems as they traverse the hypothalamus through the medial forebrain bundle. Traditional lines of thought have attributed the occurrence of motor and consummatory deficits which occur after dopamine neuron degeneration to the loss of functional dopamine neurotransmitter in the terminal fields. However, we have hypothesized that hypothalamic amine accumulation represents an area of brain tissue where processes such as neurotransmitter release, ephaptic transmission or local axon swelling may be affecting adjacent neurons and may thereby participate in the production of behavioural deficits. There is a considerable amount of evidence from studies on both peripheral and central catecholamine-containing neurons indicating that when their axons degenerate a release of functional neurotransmitter can occur. Information from neuropharmacological studies indicates that several drugs which facilitate behavioural recovery from dopamine-depleting lesions may do so by affecting amine release or receptor sensitivity near areas of accumulation rather than depleted terminal fields. We conclude that amine accumulation is a component of dopamine neuron degeneration which should be considered when assessing the role of the central catecholamine systems in the control of various behavioural and physiological processes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1986
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-10-1987
DOI: 10.1063/1.339300
Abstract: The variations in conductivity, under illumination of amorphous semiconductors, is examined as a function of the dark Fermi level (EF) using a simple, generally accurate approach which eliminates the need for a complete numerical solution of equations covering generation, recombination, and trapping. The enhanced photoconduction on doping is readily quantified along with the reduced photosensitivity (total to dark conductivity ratio). Various models can be more readily assessed. Predictions are examined in detail for the often used exponential gap state model. The associated Rose model result for the intensity dependence is seen to be an asymptotic limit which becomes less applicable as dark conductivity increases. Temperature dependence is also examined. Emphasis is on doping, but contrasts are also drawn between the effects of a homogeneous and inhomogeneous shift in dark activation energy. The reduction in the exponent γ for the intensity dependence is far more pronounced when external fields modify the dark conductivity.
Publisher: American Vacuum Society
Date: 03-1981
DOI: 10.1116/1.570790
Abstract: Photodesorption of CO and CO2 has been studied on black chrome solar absorbing coatings. It is shown that the desorption is a quantum effect with possible basis in the photo-hole model applicable to semiconductor surfaces, but with yields similar to that reported for photodesorption from metals.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2006
DOI: 10.1191/1365782806LI151OA
Abstract: The transmittance and irradiance distribution at the exit aperture of a cylindrical mirror light pipe (MLP) have been measured and calculated for the cases of collimated and diffuse inputs. MLPs are an ex le of a nonimaging optical system that can concentrate light, which may give rise to problematic hotspots and glare either on any diffuser used at the exit aperture or in the illuminated room. It is shown in this work that use of a diffuser at the entrance aperture overcomes these problems without a marked reduction in transmission of a typical MLP.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-01-1986
DOI: 10.1063/1.336615
Abstract: Very thin gold films were prepared on glass by ion plating (IP) and by conventional evaporation (CE). Below a certain thickness—∼9 nm for IP and ∼15 nm for CE—the films comprised a metal network above this thickness we found uniform films. Optical properties were recorded by spectrophotometry. Conspicuous near-infrared transmittance plateaus were seen in network films. This effect is conducive to high solar transmission. The spectral features were explained from effective medium theories based on the film structure. The uniform films were consistent with the Drude theory, provided that an anomalously large frequency dependence of the relaxation energy was invoked. Significant induced transmission was found in calculations on dielectric/gold/dielectric coatings. Our results lead to improved noble-metal-based transparent infrared reflectors for potential use on energy efficient windows.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1985
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-12-1995
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 03-1996
DOI: 10.1063/1.361131
Abstract: Theoretical results recently obtained for polarizability of intersecting spherical particles have been compared with those for polarizability of intersecting cardioidal particles resembling the spherical shape. Calculations based on a modified Parseval Rule have been performed for a number of metals in a dielectric matrix in a quasistatic approximation. A large difference in the polarizabilities has been found in spite of a striking similarity in their shapes. An unexpected small value for both the real and the imaginary part of the polarizability of cardioidal shaped metal particles occurs at wavelengths where simple metal spheres absorb strongly. A Maxwell-Garnett model has been used to compare the optical properties of composite materials containing the cardioidal and intersecting spherical particles of interest. It has been found that a composite containing cardioid shaped particles in a dielectric matrix can have an unusual response. Its absorption is very close to zero, while the refractive index is close to that of the fully dense host.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 21-04-2006
DOI: 10.1117/12.661198
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1109/3.704325
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 02-08-1999
DOI: 10.1063/1.124463
Abstract: Using cathodic arc deposition with 700 eV nitrogen ion assistance, metallic response in TiNx thin films to at least N/Ti=1.3 is found. Metallic behavior is usually limited to N/Ti ratios just above 1.1. Defects are almost exclusively Ti vacancies which further enhances optical changes. The resulting large shift in onset of Drude reflection to longer wavelengths enhances the view, daylighting, and environmental performance of a coated window relative to stoichiometric TiN films on glass.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-09-2017
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 30-08-2017
DOI: 10.1117/12.2273528
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 09-09-1994
DOI: 10.1117/12.185374
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2004
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-05-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1980
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 30-04-2010
DOI: 10.1117/12.853218
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 23-08-1995
DOI: 10.1117/12.217340
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-2007
Abstract: For real diffuse surfaces, the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is non-Lambertian, and may require a more complex model in ray tracing simulations. The BRDF of a diffuse white surface is studied at multiple angles of incidence, and an additional reflectance component is observed, which becomes more specular as the angle of incidence increases. For angles of incidence °, the BRDF may be regarded as specular. In this article, a two-part model is proposed in which the BRDF of a diffuse surface consists of a Lambertian diffuse component and a Lorentzian pseudo-specular component — both of which vary with angle of incidence. This model may be used to reduce computation times for ray tracing simulations, as an alternative to large three-dimensional BRDF datasets.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 13-09-2007
DOI: 10.1117/12.772786
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-1986
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2006
Publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1117/1.3079405
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 05-12-1988
DOI: 10.1063/1.100254
Abstract: Electron energy-loss spectroscopy was used to study the nature of chemical bonding in a-Si1−xCx:H films produced by rf glow discharge decomposition of SiH4/CH4 mixtures with hydrogen dilution. The low-loss region, the Si L edge, and the C K edge were studied. It was found that near stoichiometric films have a high degree of Si to C bonding and that substoichiometric films show some C to C sp2 bonding. A free-electron model was used to interpret the variation of plasmon energy of these films with composition.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 10-1980
DOI: 10.1063/1.327475
Abstract: An in depth characterization of the electrodeposited solar absorber black chrome resulting in refinement of the microstructural model of the coating is presented in light of current studies in valence band Auger electron spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal desorption spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and the chromium electrodeposition mechanism. Through the presented model, the structural and chemical parameters of the coating are linked to its optical response with the degradation of the optical response at elevated temperatures related to changes in these parameters. The degradation process is ided into two distinct phases. First, upon heating to low temperatures (≲300 °C) the chromium hydroxide localized on the surface and within the microstructure of the film decomposes producing H2O and chromium oxide leaving an expected microvoid-metallic particle structure. Heating to temperatures in excess of 300 °C leads to the second degradation phase. The fine chromium crystallites comprising the film undergo oxidation and the metallic chromium component, responsible for the intrinsic optical absorption, is diminished. The optical model of the solar absorbing film has been refined within the effective medium approach to account for the flat response in the visible part of the spectrum.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1989
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1983
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1999
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 13-11-2001
DOI: 10.1117/12.448254
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2006
DOI: 10.1191/1365782806LI162OA
Abstract: A general Monte Carlo ray-tracing method for light guides with particles randomly dispersed in a matrix material is presented. Previous ray-tracing approaches have been designed for undoped cylindrical light guides, where a propagating ray is deviated by total internal reflection only. These geometrical principles are extended and further developed into a method of ray-tracing suitable for particle-doped systems. Redefining ray direction after deviation by a particle, obtaining ray/wall intercept points and angles, and calculation of ray reflection angles from a cylindrical surface are described. Simulations of light from a source LED traced through TRIMM-doped (Transparent Refractive Index Matched Micro-Particle) polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) light guides have been performed. Distributions of the light exiting the walls of two concentrations of TRIMM-doped light guides are given, as an ex le of an application of the described ray-tracing method.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1998
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1995
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 20-08-2009
DOI: 10.1117/12.828125
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1990
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 22-10-1993
DOI: 10.1117/12.161983
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1981
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 22-10-1993
DOI: 10.1117/12.161982
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1996
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 09-1995
DOI: 10.1117/12.218324
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-1985
DOI: 10.1007/BF00616552
Publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1117/1.3549225
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1986
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 11-1979
DOI: 10.1063/1.91249
Abstract: The treatment of an array of small metal particles as a continuous effective medium is shown to be possible for visible and near infrared frequencies at much larger particle sizes and separations than often supposed. Specific upper limits are evaluated for chromium. Results are based on the strongly correlated model. For this, the usual topology, variation, and attenuation of the field strength over average unit cell dimensions are permissible, provided such variations are characteristic of the effective medium as a whole. As wavelength decreases, the leading contribution to diffuse scattering off such composite films should come from terms proportional to λ−8 not the Rayleigh term.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1995
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 13-11-2001
DOI: 10.1117/12.448263
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1983
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 19-09-2013
DOI: 10.1117/12.2022794
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1995
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-05-1988
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1989
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2007
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 27-05-2005
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0212
Abstract: Women carrying germline mutations in BRCA1 are at a substantially elevated risk of breast cancer and their tumors typically have distinctive morphologic features. We hypothesized that constitutional methylation of the BRCA1 promoter region could give rise to such breast cancers in women. We selected 255 women diagnosed with breast cancer before the age of 40 years for whom BRCA1 germline mutations had not been identified. Of them, 52 had five or more of nine BRCA1 mutation-associated morphologic features (group 1), 39 had four (group 2), and 164 had three or less (group 3). The prevalence of detectable BRCA1 promoter methylation in peripheral blood DNA decreased from 31% to 10% to 5% across groups 1–3, respectively (P = 0.000002), and was significantly greater than the 4% frequency in unaffected controls (P = 0.004). Peripheral blood methylation was associated with a 3.5-fold (95% CI, 1.4–10.5) increased risk of having early onset breast cancer. Methylation was consistently mosaic in the peripheral blood where the estimated allelic frequency of BRCA1 promoter methylation ranged from 0.1% to 17%. Group 1 women, but not group 3 women, with detectable methylation of peripheral blood DNA had high levels of BRCA1 promoter methylation of their tumor DNA, indicating that constitutional BRCA1 methylation strongly predisposes toward the development of BRCA1 methylated tumors that then have features resembling BRCA1 mutated tumors. Screening peripheral blood for BRCA1 promoter methylation might thus predict early-onset breast cancers. This raises the possibility of chemoprevention or other intervention to diminish the risk of developing breast cancer in these women. Cancer Prev Res 4(1) 23–33. ©2010 AACR. Cancer Prev Res 4(1) 23–33. ©2010 AACR.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 09-1992
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 07-1971
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1995
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1983
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1998
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 17-09-2018
DOI: 10.1117/12.2323877
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-07-2005
DOI: 10.1021/JE050074W
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 24-09-2013
DOI: 10.1117/12.2022802
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 22-12-2015
DOI: 10.1117/12.2202403
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 07-2003
DOI: 10.1364/AO.42.003981
Abstract: A visible and near-IR spectral study is presented for a translucent smooth polymer sheet in which dopant particles are clear polymer with a refractive index close to that of the clear polymer host. Diffuse, specular, and total reflectance and transmittance and absorptance as a function of sheet thickness and dopant levels approach ideal behavior for lighting applications. A fourth optical parameter, side loss S(T), is introduced to fully account for the measured data. This covers radiation that is trapped by total internal reflection (TIR) and travels sideways sufficiently far, including to the sheet's edges, to miss detection on exit. S(T) has a strong spectral character, whereas total T and R spectra closely follow the spectrally flat wavelength dependence of the undoped clear sheet. Three distinct regimes are identified for the behavior with wavelength of the specular and diffuse components and are linked to rear surface TIR and side loss.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1985
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1992
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 06-06-1994
DOI: 10.1063/1.111334
Abstract: An exact expression for the polarizability of intersecting circular cylinders has been derived covering all degrees of intersection and arbitrary complex dielectric constants for the particle material. This enables a comparison between the induced dipole moment on two particles of almost identical shape a cardioid and a particular pair of overlapping cylinders. The absorption spectra in the small particle limit are extremely sensitive to the detailed shape of the surfaces near the point of intersection.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1996
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 02-08-2004
DOI: 10.1117/12.555953
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 1987
DOI: 10.1117/12.966979
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 02-12-1985
DOI: 10.1117/12.966295
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-05-2020
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-1972
Publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
Date: 02-2007
DOI: 10.1117/1.2711706
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-10-1994
DOI: 10.1063/1.357256
Abstract: The polarization of a pair of merging spheres and merging cylinders of any complex dielectric constant immersed in an external electric field has been solved. Any degree of intersection, including touching, is covered by the result. The method for cylinders is based on the solution of Laplace’s equation with boundary conditions on the conjugate surfaces in a modified bicylindrical frame. The result is presented as an integral over a continuum of eigenstates. For merging spherical particles solving the boundary problem requires a Miller–Fok integral transformation. Imaginary parts of polarizabilities were calculated for aluminum cylinders and spheres to assess the spectral absorption response of small merging particles. The relative spacing has a significant influence on optical response.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2004
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-1995
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 13-09-2007
DOI: 10.1117/12.739251
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 28-08-2008
DOI: 10.1117/12.792207
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1984
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 11-09-1977
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-1970
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-06-2008
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 29-07-2013
DOI: 10.1063/1.4817588
Abstract: In sub-stoichiometric MoO3, electrical and optical responses across the solar spectrum are tunable and manifest a sharp phase transition in thin films at a specific oxygen content. Models of optical response in insulating and conducting regimes have been developed. Oxygen vacancies induce semiconducting response exactly proportional to the observed concentration of gap d-states until the transition. Ionization potential is thus tunable. Metallic thin films are never plasmonic at any stoichiometry and their conductivity, Hall mobility, carrier density, and plasma frequency are consistent, but either loss rate or effective mass mean metallic conduction is correlated rather than classical.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 02-1993
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-09-2017
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 30-08-2007
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 03-02-2009
DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/8/085607
Abstract: Vanadium dioxide (VO(2)) undergoes a reversible metal-insulator transition, normally at approximately 68 degrees C. While the properties of continuous semi-transparent coatings of VO(2) are well known, there is far less information available concerning the potential use of discrete VO(2) nanoparticles as a thermochromic pigment in opaque coatings. In idual VO(2) nanoparticles undergo a localized plasmon resonance with near-infrared light at about 1100 nm and this resonance can be switched on and off by simply varying the temperature of the system. Therefore, incorporation of VO(2) nanoparticles into a coating system imbues the coating with the ability to self-adaptively modulate its own absorptive efficiency in the near-infrared. Here we examine the magnitude and control of this phenomenon. Prototype coatings are described, made using VO(2) powder produced by an improved process. The materials are characterized using calorimetry, x-ray diffraction, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and by measurement of optical properties.
Publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
Date: 02-2009
DOI: 10.1117/1.3086489
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2002
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-12-2003
DOI: 10.1021/NL034948D
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1999
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1994
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1998
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 11-10-1999
DOI: 10.1117/12.367563
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1990
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 22-10-1993
DOI: 10.1117/12.161953
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 11-10-1999
DOI: 10.1117/12.367564
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1980
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 09-2003
DOI: 10.1364/AO.42.005112
Abstract: We present modeled results of the luminous and color outputs of a three-layer stack of fluorescent planar concentrators (FPCs). FPCs have the potential to provide sufficient luminous output to illuminate moderate-sized rooms for reasonably-sized collecting areas. It is of course necessary not only that the lumens be sufficient, but also that the light be sufficiently white as to be comfortable. Modeling shows that by use of a stack of three FPCs, one each of violet, green, and red, it is possible to achieve good color rendering and sufficient lighting levels for room illumination.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1983
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1982
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 07-2005
Abstract: Spectral selectivity based on tuning the surface plasmon resonance in metallic nanoshells by variation of the relative shell thickness is shown to be limited by the interplay between scattering and absorption. To achieve resonance energies in the near infrared and infrared, relatively large cores are needed, which lead to strong and broad scattering bands and multipolar contributions in the visible. The scattering contribution to extinction is described with a new parameter Sdelta, which is defined for a wavelength range of interest A. This parameter can help in designing materials for specific applications where scattering is either hindering, as in near-infrared absorbers for visually clear windows, or actually desired, such as in particle-array-based sensors.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 02-1982
DOI: 10.1117/12.965784
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-10-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1989
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 24-06-2016
DOI: 10.1063/1.4954689
Abstract: Indium tin oxide (ITO) is the transparent electrode of choice for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Replacing ITO for cost and performance reasons is a major drive across optoelectronics. In this work, we show that changing the transparent electrode on red, blue, and yellow OLEDs from ITO to a multilayer buffered aluminium zinc oxide/silver/aluminium zinc oxide (AZO/Ag/AZO) substantially enhances total output intensity, with better control of colour, its constancy, and intensity over the full exit hemisphere. The thin Ag containing layer induces a resonant cavity optical response of the complete device. This is tuned to the emission spectra of the emissive material while minimizing internally trapped light. A complete set of spectral intensity data is presented across the full exit hemisphere for each electrode type and each OLED colour. Emission zone modelling of output spectra at a wide range of exit angles to the normal was in excellent agreement with the experimental data and hence could, in principle, be used to check and adjust production settings. These multilayer transparent electrodes show significant potential for both eliminating indium from OLEDs and spectrally shaping the emission.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 28-02-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.582207
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1998
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 02-07-2014
DOI: 10.1021/NN501683F
Abstract: Since the discovery of graphene, growth of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials has greatly attracted attention. However, spontaneous growth of atomic two-dimensional (2D) materials is limitedly permitted for several layered-structure crystals, such as graphene, MoS2, and h-BN, and otherwise it is notoriously difficult. Here we report the gas-phase 2D growth of silicon (Si), that is cubic in symmetry, via dendritic growth and an interdendritic filling mechanism and to form Si nanosheets (SiNSs) of 1 to 13 nm in thickness. Thin SiNSs show strong thickness-dependent photoluminescence in visible range including red, green, and blue (RGB) emissions with the associated band gap energies ranging from 1.6 to 3.2 eV these emission energies were greater than those from Si quantum dots (SiQDs) of the similar sizes. We also demonstrated that electrically driven white, as well as blue, emission in a conventional organic light-emitting diode (OLED) geometry with the SiNS assembly as the active emitting layers. Tunable light emissions in visible range in our observations suggest practical implications for novel 2D Si nanophotonics.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-01-2005
DOI: 10.1021/JP0450686
Abstract: The internal field patterns for gold shells filled with the same material as the surrounding medium are calculated with Mie theory and in the quasistatic approximation and their properties compared to the response of homogeneous spheres and metallic rings. One major difference between the sphere and shell case is that the areas of highest field enhancement in metallic shells are located perpendicular to the incident polarization, whereas for metallic spheres they are along the polarization direction. Recent results based on the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) are shown to be misleading, which might be due to the use of a too coarse grid size. We also show that the type of resonance and the associated internal field pattern (low or high energy) has a strong impact on the external fields.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 08-1980
DOI: 10.1063/1.328276
Abstract: In the quest for an electroplated selective black coating stable to 500 °C in air, black cobalts have been prepared by three techniques to yield (a) plated cobalt sulphides, (b) plated cobalt oxide-hydroxide, and (c) cobalt oxide prepared by thermal oxidation of electropolated cobalt metal. The optical properties of the various coatings are analyzed before and after exposure to air for extended periods of time at temperatures in the 300 °–500 °C range. The sulfide black cobalt is not acceptable as a high-temperature selective absorber due to severe thermal degradation. The plated oxide is a good selective absorber to about 400 °C, and the thermally oxidized black to a slightly higher temperature, but degrades at 500 °C. Structure studies via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) are reported which yield a full account of the coating chemistry before and after heating. The studies reveal that the high solar absorptance of the acceptable black cobalt coatings is due to a continuation of a porous outer layer grading into nondense oxides of cobalt either CoO or Co3O4, depending on the film. Absorption is intrinsic but not due to metal particles as in black chrome. A limited amount of optical degradation occurs upon heating the oxide black cobalt in air due to oxidation of hydroxide. However, the major degradation problem is shown to be substrate oxidation in contrast to black chrome where film oxidation is the principal problem.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 12-12-1989
DOI: 10.1117/12.962181
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 10-05-2005
DOI: 10.1364/AO.44.002745
Abstract: Transparent refractive-index matched micro (TRIMM) particles have proved to be an excellent scattering component for use in translucent sheets. Measurements of hemispheric transmittance and reflectance versus angle of incidence, as well as angle-resolved studies of such translucent sheets, have been carried out to complement earlier published hemispheric reflectance and transmittance spectral measurements carried out at normal angle of incidence. Hemispheric values relative to angle of incidence are of interest for daylighting applications and building simulations, and angle-resolved measurements are vital for verifying that our modeling tools are reliable. Ray-tracing simulations based on Mie scattering for the in idual TRIMM particles and angle-resolved measurements are in good agreement, indicating that the simulation method used is practical for the design of new scattering profiles by varying particle concentration or refractive index.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1991
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 11-11-2003
DOI: 10.1117/12.508196
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1979
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 12-1991
DOI: 10.1117/12.49211
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 25-11-1992
DOI: 10.1117/12.130545
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1051/REES/2017047
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2004
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 27-10-2017
DOI: 10.1364/AO.56.008699
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 20-08-2009
DOI: 10.1117/12.825722
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 25-06-2002
DOI: 10.1117/12.472985
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-1989
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 15-12-2006
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 13-09-2007
DOI: 10.1117/12.733200
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 30-08-2017
DOI: 10.1117/12.2273598
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 20-10-2004
DOI: 10.1117/12.556282
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 06-09-2017
DOI: 10.1117/12.2274568
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1985
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-02-2016
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-06-2005
DOI: 10.1063/1.1924873
Abstract: Issues affecting the performance of polymers doped with conducting nanoparticles for use with windows are examined in terms of impact on visible and solar transmittance, solar heat gain, and residual scattering. Emphasis is on visible transmittance fixed in the range of 30%–75%, combined with maximal blocking of the near-infrared (NIR) component of solar energy in the wavelength range of 750–1300nm. Spectral data and surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) models of absorbance for LaB6 and indium tin oxide nanoparticles embedded in polymer are quite distinct from each other, but both can be used and each material has its advantages and disadvantages. The SPR of LaB6 nanoparticles is very efficient at NIR blocking, as it lies near 1000nm, but as a result its tail overlaps the visible. In contrast the SPR of ITO lies well beyond 1000nm and is thus far less efficient, only relying on its SPR tail. However, this means it only weakly affects the visible. Results of a quasistatic model for the optical properties are presented, along with comparisons to full Mie scattering calculations. It is found that ellipsoidal particles are required to explain the properties of the studied LaB6 particles, and that scattering can be significant in the NIR while weak in the visible. Furthermore, the forward-to-backward-scattering ratio is different for Rayleigh scattering in the visible and scattering near the SPR. The latter is much more isotropic, even for larger particles.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1998
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 2004
Abstract: The output colour distributions from red, green and blue (RGB) LEDs mixed with cross linked PMMA micro particle doped PMMA mixing rods is compared to output from a plain PMMA mixing rod. Distinctive patterns with clear colour separation result with the undoped rod. These are homogenised by our mixers, resulting in white light. Light output has been photographed, measured and computer simulated at a distance of 10 cm from the output end of the rods.
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 20-10-2014
DOI: 10.1364/AO.53.007157
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2003
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 09-1990
DOI: 10.1364/AO.29.003685
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 22-10-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1992
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 17-12-2007
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 12-1991
DOI: 10.1117/12.49218
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1990
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1984
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 18-06-2014
DOI: 10.1201/B17046
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 02-08-2004
DOI: 10.1117/12.555971
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 06-2016
Abstract: Design and production of spectrally smart windows, walls, roofs and fabrics has a long history, which includes early ex les of applied nanophotonics. Evolving nanoscience has a special role to play as it provides the means to improve the functionality of these everyday materials. Improvement in the quality of human experience in any location at any time of year is the goal. Energy savings, thermal and visual comfort indoors and outdoors, visual experience, air quality and better health are all made possible by materials, whose “smartness” is aimed at designed responses to environmental energy flows. The spectral and angle of incidence responses of these nanomaterials must thus take account of the spectral and directional aspects of solar energy and of atmospheric thermal radiation plus the visible and color sensitivity of the human eye. The structures required may use resonant absorption, multilayer stacks, optical anisotropy and scattering to achieve their functionality. These structures are, in turn, constructed out of particles, columns, ultrathin layers, voids, wires, pure and doped oxides, metals, polymers or transparent conductors (TCs). The need to cater for wavelengths stretching from 0.3 to 35 μm including ultraviolet-visible, near-infrared (IR) and thermal or Planck radiation, with a spectrally and directionally complex atmosphere, and both being dynamic, means that hierarchical and graded nanostructures often feature. Nature has evolved to deal with the same energy flows, so biomimicry is sometimes a useful guide.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2004
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 04-1993
DOI: 10.1063/1.352947
Abstract: The problem of polarization of two touching spherical particles, of any complex dielectric constant, immersed in a uniform external electric field is solved exactly in the tangent-sphere frame. A straightforward integral over the continuum of eigenstates yields the dipole moment for fields parallel and perpendicular to the line joining the centers. Predictions are compared to those from a recent approximate model based on the method of images. A modified Clausius–Mossotti formalism is used to assess the impact on absorption and refraction at optical frequencies (in the quasistatic limit). Actual composite materials containing small touching sphere pairs are considered.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 10-06-2003
DOI: 10.1063/1.1584092
Abstract: Window s les with a LaB6 nanoparticle-doped polymer laminate were tested for their performances in the reduction of solar heat gain. The near-infrared absorption, caused by the excitation of surface plasmons, was modeled using an average ellipsoid approach, including a size-induced broadening of the Drude part of the dielectric function. The resonance positions are well reproduced by this method and the size effect broadens the bulk resonance to an extent observed in the s le spectra. Additional broadening and spectral features observed in the absorption of the s les are attributed to shape and orientation effects.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2005
DOI: 10.1007/BF03215223
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Start Date: 04-2004
End Date: 04-2007
Amount: $350,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2014
End Date: 06-2018
Amount: $350,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 04-2002
End Date: 11-2006
Amount: $166,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 02-2006
End Date: 12-2010
Amount: $349,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 12-2003
End Date: 12-2004
Amount: $30,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2018
End Date: 12-2019
Amount: $425,200.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 01-2009
End Date: 12-2013
Amount: $270,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity