ORCID Profile
0000-0002-0180-8488
Current Organisation
University of Potsdam
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Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 20-09-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FPSYT.2022.962501
Abstract: Basic psychological needs theory postulates that a social environment that satisfies in iduals’ three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness leads to optimal growth and well-being. On the other hand, the frustration of these needs is associated with ill-being and depressive symptoms foremost investigated in non-clinical s les yet, there is a paucity of research on need frustration in clinical s les. Survey data were compared between adult in iduals with major depressive disorder (MDD n = 115 48.69% female 38.46 years, SD = 10.46) with those of a non-depressed comparison s le ( n = 201 53.23% female 30.16 years, SD = 12.81). Need profiles were examined with a linear mixed model (LMM). In iduals with depression reported higher levels of frustration and lower levels of satisfaction in relation to the three basic psychological needs when compared to non-depressed adults. The difference between depressed and non-depressed groups was significantly larger for frustration than satisfaction regarding the needs for relatedness and competence. LMM correlation parameters confirmed the expected positive correlation between the three needs. This is the first study showing substantial differences in need-based experiences between depressed and non-depressed adults. The results confirm basic assumptions of the self-determination theory and have preliminary implications in tailoring therapy for depression.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 15-12-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.14.520501
Abstract: In the perceptual and sensorimotor domains, ageing is accompanied by a stronger reliance on top-down predictive model information and reduced sensory learning, thus promoting simpler, more efficient internal models in older adults. Here, we demonstrate analogous effects in higher-order language processing. One-hundred and twenty adults ranging in age from 18 to 83 years listened to short auditory passages containing manipulations of adjective order, with order probabilities varying between two speakers. As a measure of model adaptation, we examined attunement of the N400 event-related potential, a measure of precision-weighted prediction errors in language, to a trial-by-trial measure of speaker-based adjective order expectedness (“speaker-based surprisal”) across the course of the experiment. Adaptation was strongest for young adults, weaker for middle-aged adults, and absent for older adults. Over and above age-related differences, we observed in idual differences in model adaptation, with aperiodic (1/f) slope and intercept metrics derived from resting-state EEG showing the most pronounced modulations. We suggest that age-related changes in aperiodic slope, which have been linked to neural noise, may be associated with in idual differences in the magnitude of stimulus-related prediction error signals. By contrast, changes in aperiodic intercept, which reflects aggregate population spiking, may relate to an in idual’s updating of inferences regarding stimulus precision. These two mechanisms jointly contribute to age-related changes in the precision-weighting of prediction errors and the degree of sensory learning.
Publisher: Psychology Press
Date: 21-08-2012
Location: Russian Federation
No related grants have been discovered for Reinhold Kliegl.