ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9377-9572
Current Organisation
RMIT University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Metals and Alloy Materials | Materials Engineering | Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (excl. Textiles) | Manufacturing Engineering | Composite and Hybrid Materials | Additive manufacturing | Manufacturing engineering | Automotive Engineering Materials | Physical Metallurgy | Alloy Materials | Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified | Metals and alloy materials | Computer Vision | Aerospace structures | Functional Materials | Materials Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Machining | Flexible Manufacturing Systems |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Structural Metal Products | Expanding Knowledge in Engineering | Fabricated Metal Products not elsewhere classified | Basic Metal Products (incl. Smelting, Rolling, Drawing and Extruding) not elsewhere classified | Expanding Knowledge in Technology | Automotive Equipment | Manufacturing not elsewhere classified | Other non-ferrous metals (e.g. copper,zinc) | Semi-finished products | Castings | Energy Conservation and Efficiency in Transport | Metal Castings | Expanding Knowledge in the Earth Sciences | Sheet Metal Products | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Basic Aluminium Products
Related Links
Publications
Improved prediction of the grain size of aluminum alloys that includes the effect of cooling rate
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
An Initial Assessment of the Effects of Increased Ni and V Content in A356 and AA6063 Alloys
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2016
Novel non-destructive technique for detecting the weld fusion zone using a filler wire of high x-ray contrast
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Metal Alloys for Fusion‐Based Additive Manufacturing
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2018
An a priori hot-tearing indicator applied to die-cast magnesium-rare earth alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2014
Castability of some Magnesium Alloys in a Novel Castability Die
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 06-2011
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.690.61
Abstract: This paper reports on the results of the castability of three MRI alloys (153A, 153M and 230D). MRI153A was found to cast best, with castings produced rated with a quality approaching AZ91. MRI230D produced the next best castings, whilst MRI153M showed the worst castability across a range of conditions. However, these alloys showed a tendency to build-up oxide in the melt transfer tube leading to melt transfer problems. This was particularly severe in MRI230D.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of an extruded Mg-Dy-Ni alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
Heat accumulation in laser Additive Manufacturing processes and its effect on local solidification
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
New approach to analysis of grain refinement
Publisher: Maney Publishing
Date: 06-2007
Compressive strain-rate sensitivity of magnesium–aluminum die casting alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
The effect of chemical grain refinement and low superheat pouring on the structure of NRC castings of aluminium alloy Al–7Si–0.4Mg
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2006
Grain refinement of Mg–Al(–Mn) alloys by SiC additions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2006
The Influence of Individual Rare Earth Elements (La, Ce, or Nd) on Creep Resistance of Die-Cast Magnesium Alloy AE44
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2016
Hot Tear Susceptibility of Al-Mg-Si-Fe Alloys with Varying Iron Contents
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-12-2012
Analysis of the creep behaviour of die-cast Mg-3Al-1Si alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Modeling and simulation of microstructural evolution in Zr based Bulk Metallic Glass Matrix Composites during solidification
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-07-2017
DOI: 10.1557/ADV.2017.481
Effect of geometry on the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V Gyroid structures fabricated via SLM: A numerical study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Age hardening in die-cast Mg-Al-RE alloys due to minor Mn additions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
(Al,Mg)3La: a new phase in the Mg–Al–La system
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 10-07-2018
DOI: 10.1107/S205252061800834X
Abstract: During an investigation of the Mg-rich end of the Mg–Al–La system, a new ternary phase with the composition of (Al,Mg) 3 La was identified. The crystal structure of this phase was determined by conventional X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis and refined using high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction. The (Al,Mg) 3 La phase is found to have an orthorhombic structure with a space group of C 222 1 and lattice parameters of a = 4.3365 (1) Å, b = 18.8674 (4) Å and c = 4.4242 (1) Å, which is distinctly different from the binary Al 3 La phase ( P 6 3 / mmc ). The resolved structure of the (Al,Mg) 3 La phase is further verified by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy.
Revealing the Mechanisms of Grain Nucleation and Formation During Additive Manufacturing
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-01-2020
Re-evaluation of the mechanical properties and creep resistance of commercial magnesium die-casting alloy AE44
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Magnesium: Engineering the surface
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2012
The Effect of Alloy Content on the Grain Refinement of Aluminium Alloys
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2013
The influence of zirconium additions on the corrosion of magnesium
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
The Effects of Temperature and Strain Rate on the Tensile Behaviour of Die-Cast Magnesium Alloy AE44
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
Date: 2023
Role of deposition strategy and fill depth on the tensile and fatigue performance of 300 M repaired through laser directed energy deposition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Chemical Additions to Reduce Hot Tearing in the Cast House
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2012
A rational interpretation of solidification microstructures in the Mg-rich corner of the Mg–Al–La system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Role of solute content on the intermetallic structure development in HPDC Mg-Al binary alloys
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.618-619.479
Abstract: Scanning electron microscopy has been used to characterize the intermetallic structure development across the tensile cross-section of binary Mg-Al alloys with solute content between ~0.5 and 12 mass%Al. The alloys which contain less than 1 mass%Al exhibited a single phase grain structure. For compositions greater than 1 mass% Al, an eutectic network with a discontinuous distribution of intermetallics across the cross-section became apparent. In alloys with greater than 8.77 mass%Al, the intermetallics form a continuous network over the entire cross-section. The scale of the intermetallics network is finer at the surface and corner regions of the cross section in comparison with the core regions.
Phase analysis of Mg-La-Nd and Mg-La-Ce alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
In Situ X-Ray Imaging of Hot Cracking and Porosity During Lpbf of Al-2139 with Tib2 Additions and Varied Process Parameters
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.4351156
Effect of process parameters and grain refinement on hot tearing susceptibility of high strength aluminum alloy 2139 in laser powder bed fusion
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-02-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S40964-021-00259-2
Abstract: High strength aluminum alloys, especially those that are age-hardenable, such as 2xxx series, 6xxx series, and 7xxx series, are widely used as structural materials in transport and aerospace industries due to their good mechanical properties. However, additive manufacturing of high strength aluminum alloys is challenging due to their susceptibility to hot tearing. In this work, a systematic study has been conducted in an attempt to eliminate hot tearing in laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) manufacturing of Al2139 alloy through selecting process parameters and the addition of an AlTiB grain refiner. It was found that hot tearing in Al2139 during PBF-LB/M can be reduced or eliminated by increasing volumetric energy density. Furthermore, grain refinement by AlTiB addition shows a clear effect in reducing hot tearing, even though the refined grains remain predominantly columnar rather than equiaxed. The effect of increasing volumetric energy density on hot tearing of Al2139 during PBF-LB/M was analyzed by thermomechanical finite-element simulation, which showed that the reduction in hot tearing with increasing energy density is associated with a decrease in the thermal residual stress. However, it was also shown that there can be a substantive loss of Mg due to evaporation at high energy densities. From a hot tearing model based on solidification thermodynamics, the loss of Mg on hot tearing in Al2139 was estimated to reduce hot tearing by up to 10%, compared to the initial powder composition. With the selected PBF-LB/M parameters, crack-free tensile specimens were fabricated, with and without the addition of AlTiB. Compared with their wrought or cast counterparts, the PBF-LB/M Al2139 and Al2139-AlTiB specimens show lower yield strength but better ductility, which can be attributed to the loss of Mg during PBF-LB/M.
Grain Refinement of Magnesium Alloys: A Review of Recent Research, Theoretical Developments, and Their Application
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-11-2012
Effects of heat treatment on a high-pressure die-cast Mg-La-Y alloy
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 06-2011
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.690.210
Abstract: In this study effects of heat treatments on the creep resistance at 177°C/90MPa of a high-pressure die-cast Mg-2.70La-1.50Y (wt.%) alloy were examined. It was found that ageing at 160°C for 24 h (T5) or a solution treatment at 520°C for 1 h (T4) improved creep resistance and caused no blistering on the surface or dimensional changes to the die-cast specimens. TEM was used to characterize the microstructures of heat-treated s les. Improvements to creep resistance might be attributed to the pinning or otherwise retarding of dislocation motion by precipitates and/or solute atoms during creep.
Solidification path and microstructure evolution of Mg-3Al-14La alloy: Implications for the Mg-rich corner of the Mg-Al-La phase diagram
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Automated quality control inspection of geometric tip defects in medical needle manufacturing
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-10-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00170-022-10249-5
Abstract: The manufacture of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) needles is subject to the most stringent quality demands. This makes automated inspection challenging due to difficulty in reliably classifying conforming and non-conforming (defective) products due to factors including multidimensional variation of their tip geometry and the lack of an explicit quality standard. In addition, developing an IVF needle image dataset, which broadly contains the visual characteristics of qualified and defective products, is difficult without commissioning large and costly production runs. The most important original contribution of this work is a new solution to investigate and quantify the uncertainty in the quality standard of IVF needles by integrating inter-disciplinary techniques. This work utilizes a low-cost, virtual dataset of synthetic images, generated by the automated photo-realistic rendering of a three-dimensional (3D) parametric model to simulate manufacturing variation. Then, the unknown numerical (critical) quality thresholds are obtained by estimating the relationship between quality response and measurement predictors using an Ordinal Logistic Regression (OLR) algorithm on the synthetic images. The fitted models exhibited increased overall predictive accuracy of up to 11.02% than the machine learning models (available in MATLAB) and could provide objective guidance on classifying specific quality aspects of a product.
Grain Refinement of Aluminium Alloys: Recent Developments in Predicting the As‐Cast Grain Size of Alloys Refined by Al‐Ti‐B Master Alloys
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2014
Study of Ni‐Impurity Removal from Al Melt
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-03-2012
Microstructural evolution and strengthening mechanism of Mg-Y-RE-Zr alloy fabricated by quasi-directed energy deposition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
In situ X-ray imaging of hot cracking and porosity during LPBF of Al-2139 with TiB2 additions and varied process parameters
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
TPMS Designer: A tool for generating and analyzing triply periodic minimal surfaces
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
The Effect of Trace Levels of Ni and V on the Microstructure and Properties of Four Common Aluminum Alloys
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2014
Failure modes during uniaxial deformation of magnesium alloy AZ31B tubes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2010
Observation and Prediction of the Hot Tear Susceptibility of Ternary Al-Si-Mg Alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-05-2012
Evaluation of Magnesium Die-Casting Alloys for Elevated Temperature Applications: Microstructure, Tensile Properties, and Creep Resistance
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-05-2015
Role of ultrasonic treatment, inoculation and solute in the grain refinement of commercial purity aluminium
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-08-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-10354-6
Abstract: The present study investigates the influence of ultrasonic treatment on the grain refinement of commercial purity aluminium with a range of Al3Ti1B master alloy additions. When the aluminium contains the smallest amount of added master alloy, ultrasonics caused significant additional grain refinement compared to that provided by the master alloy alone. However, the influence of ultrasonics on grain size reduces with increasing addition of the master alloy which adds additional TiB 2 particles and Ti solute with each incremental addition. Applying the Interdependence model to analyse the experimentally measured grain sizes revealed that the results of this study and those from similar experiments on an Al-2Cu alloy were consistent when the alloy compositions are converted to their growth restriction factors ( Q) and that increasing Q had a major effect on reducing grain size and increasing grain number density. Compared with the application of ultrasonic treatment where an order of magnitude increase in the grain number density is achieved, an increase in the Ti content over the range of master alloy additions, causes the grain number density to increase by approximately three times.
Processing window for laser metal deposition of Al 7075 powder with minimized defects
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Refining As-cast β-Ti Grains Through ZrN Inoculation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2018
Grain refinement of aluminum alloys: Part I. the nucleant and solute paradigms—a review of the literature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1999
The effect of alloy composition on the microstructure and tensile properties of binary Mg-rare earth alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
The role of crystallography and thermodynamics on phase selection in binary magnesium–rare earth (Ce or Nd) alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2012
On the unexpected formation of rare earth hydrides in magnesium-rare earth casting alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Study of Ni-Impurity Removal from Al Melt
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2012
Experimental Study of the Solidification Microstructure in the Mg-Rich Corner of Mg–Al–Ce System
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2018
A combined neural network and mechanistic approach for the prediction of corrosion rate and yield strength of magnesium-rare earth alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Understanding the refinement of grains in laser surface remelted Al–Cu alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Author Correction: Additive manufacturing of ultrafine-grained high-strength titanium alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-05-2020
Calculated phase diagrams and the corrosion of die-cast Mg-Al alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
High-Performance Mg–4Al–4RE (RE = Cerium and Lanthanum) Die-Casting Alloy
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2022
Effects of Laser Surface Remelting on Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Mg-12Dy-1.1Ni Alloy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-05-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S11665-022-06933-Y
Abstract: Effects of laser surface remelting (LSR) on microstructure and corrosion properties of as-cast Mg-12Dy-1.1Ni (wt.%) alloy were investigated. The as-cast alloy was mainly composed of α -Mg, lamellar Mg 12 DyNi phase with an 18R-long period stacking order (LPSO) structure and Mg 24 Dy 5 . After LSR treatment, fine and compact 18R-LPSO phase reprecipitated on dendrite boundaries as a continuous network. In addition, the volume fraction of the LPSO phase remarkably increased to 34.9% and the grain size of as-cast alloy was refined to ca. 4 μm. Electrochemical and immersion tests indicated that the LSR-treated alloy exhibited a lower weight loss rate (2.8 ± 0.2 mg/cm 2 /h) and corrosion current density (160.1 ± 20.7 μA/cm 2 , and of 37% reduction after LSR) than the as-cast alloy in 0.1 M NaCl solution. The improved corrosion resistance of the LSR alloy was mainly ascribed to the grain refinement and continuous distribution of 18R-LPSO phase on dendrite boundaries.
On the corrosion of binary magnesium-rare earth alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
Primary creep of die-cast magnesium - Rare Earth based alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-06-2009
Corrosion-resistant electrochemical plating of magnesium (Mg) alloys
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
Introduction to the Interdependence Theory of Grain Formation and its Application to Aluminium, Magnesium and Titanium Alloys
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 06-2011
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.690.206
Abstract: The Interdependence Theory is a theoretical description of grain formation that links heterogeneous nucleation to grain growth early in the initial transient of a previously nucleated grain. Thus nucleation is the result of a repeating cycle of growth and nucleation events moving towards the thermal centre of a casting. The principles of this theory are introduced and then the Interdependence equation that embodies the Interdependence Theory, is applied to the prediction of experimental grain size data for aluminium, magnesium and titanium-based alloy systems.
Recent advances in grain refinement of light metals and alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Active gap capacitance electrical discharge machining of polycrystalline diamond
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Selective laser melting (SLM) of AlSi12Mg lattice structures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
The strength of the spatially interconnected eutectic network in HPDC Mg-La, Mg-Nd, and Mg-La-Nd alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-06-2014
Case studies in aluminium casting alloys
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2011
The influence of Zn additions on the microstructure and creep resistance of high pressure die cast magnesium alloy AE44
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Thermodynamic Analysis of As-cast and Heat Treated Microstructures of Mg-Ce-Nd Alloys
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-02-2011
Treatment by External Fields
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2018
Evaluation of Magnesium Die-Casting Alloys for Elevated Temperature Applications: Castability
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-11-2016
Crystallographic study of Al3 Zr and Al3 Nb as grain refiners for Al alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
Additive manufacturing of ultrafine-grained high-strength titanium alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-12-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41586-019-1783-1
Abstract: Additive manufacturing, often known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, is a process in which a part is built layer-by-layer and is a promising approach for creating components close to their final (net) shape. This process is challenging the dominance of conventional manufacturing processes for products with high complexity and low material waste
On the Solute Diffusion Length in the Interdependence Model: Dendritic versus Non-Dendritic Interface
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.828-829.461
Abstract: The Interdependence model currently uses an analytical expression for a moving planar interface to calculate the solute diffusion length designated as x’ dl in the model. Upon nucleation within an alloy melt (i.e. when the solid embryo starts to grow), the interface grows with a spherical front which then breaks down into a dendritic interface. The time required for this breakdown is a subject for separate research. In this paper, we explore the validity of using a planar interface in the early stages of nucleation and growth of metal alloys as used in the Interdependence model. The diffusion field ahead of a planar interface, in theory, has an exponentially changing composition of infinite length. In the Interdependence model, x’ dl is assumed to be where this exponentially decreasing composition profile in the liquid ahead of the interface (for k 1) reduces to within 1% of a quantity proportional to the nominal alloy composition, C 0 , far from the interface. A numerical solidification model, μMatIC, is used to simulate the growth of a single grain with a dendritic interface in 2D and 3D. The numerical model is capable of generating the solute profile ahead of the growing grain which is used to evaluate the solute diffusion length that can be compared with the results obtained from the planar interface model. The comparisons were made with both 1% and 0.1% cut-off criteria. The results indicate that the 1% assumption being used in the planar front diffusion length calculation is a good approximation for the Interdependence model.
Laser directed energy deposited, ultrafine-grained functional titanium-copper alloys tailored for marine environments: Antibacterial and anti-microbial corrosion studies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Quench Sensitivity in a Dispersoid-Containing Al-Mg-Si Alloy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-02-2019
Grain Refinement of Alloys in Fusion-Based Additive Manufacturing Processes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-06-2020
Thermodynamic analysis of as-cast and heat-treated microstructures of Mg-Ce-Nd alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
The effect of grain refinement on the formation of casting defects in alloy 356 castings
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2000
Proof stress measurement of die-cast magnesium alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Effect of Alloy Composition on the Dendrite Arm Spacing of Multicomponent Aluminum Alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-02-2010
The Contribution of Constitutional Supercooling to Nucleation and Grain Formation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-05-2015
Influence of delay strategies and residual heat on in-situ tempering in the laser metal deposition of 300M high strength steel
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Effect of Ti and TiC additions on the microstructure and wear resistance of high chromium white irons produced by laser directed energy deposition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Effect of surface geometry on laser powder bed fusion defects
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Investigating mechanical properties of additively manufactured multimaterial gyroids: The effect of proportion, scale and shape
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Modelling Eutectic Growth in Unmodified and Modified Near-Eutectic Al-Si Alloy
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.765.160
Abstract: A numerical model that describes solidification of primary aluminium grains and nucleation and growth of eutectic cells is used to analyse the solidification of an Al-12.5wt% Si alloy. Nucleation of eutectic cells is modelled using an Oldfield-type nucleation model where the number of nuclei in the melt is determined by the amount of active nuclei and the local undercooling from the surface to the centre of a plate casting. Eutectic grains are modelled as spheres growing between the dendrites. The growth velocity of the eutectic cells is a function of undercooling. Experimentally determined growth parameters from the literature that depend on the type of modification (unmodified, Na-modified or Sr-modified) are used to describe differences in growth of the alloys. Modelling results are compared with solidification experiments where an Al-12.5wt%Si alloy was cast in unmodified, Na modified and Sr modified forms. The model confirms experimental observations of how modification and alloy composition influence nucleation, growth and finally the size of eutectic cells in the alloys. Modelling results are used to explain how cooling conditions in the casting act together with the nuclei density in the liquid and the growth velocity of the eutectic cells to determine the size and distribution of eutectic cells in the solidified material.
Corrosion-Resistant Electrochemical Platings on Magnesium Alloys: A State-of-the-Art Review
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 06-2012
DOI: 10.5006/I0010-9312-68-6-518
Abstract: Industrial deployment of magnesium alloys in most instances requires anti-corrosion coatings. Distinct from conversion coatings, the electro/electroless plating techniques are emerging as the common means of coating magnesium however, more research is needed. A state-of-the-art review was undertaken with respect to aqueous plating systems (including pretreatment, under-coating, and electroplating), electroless plating (being treated in idually, though it is used as undercoating for subsequent plating in some cases), non-aqueous plating systems (including high-temperature molten salts and ionic liquids), and novel plating methods. In addition to the performance assessment of various plated coatings on magnesium alloys, merits and demerits of existing plating techniques are discussed. Based on the literature to date, the practical issues faced in magnesium plating are raised, and possible advances discussed, providing some instructive guidelines for future work.
Evaluation of castability of high pressure die cast magnesium based alloys
Publisher: Maney Publishing
Date: 04-2010
Microstructure and creep behavior of high-pressure die-cast magnesium alloy AE44
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-06-2012
Dispersoid Phases in 6xxx Series Aluminium Alloys
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.654-656.926
Abstract: In high strength AlMgSi alloys additions of Mn and Cr lead to the formation of dispersoid phases whose primary functions are to improve fracture toughness and control grain structure. Whether or not dispersoid phases form during heating to the homogenisation temperature and which dispersoid forms is strongly dependent on the alloy composition. By correlating dispersoid features after different homogenisation heat treatments to TEM investigations into the crystal structure, it is proposed that the crystal structure and chemical composition of the dispersoids changes as the dispersoids coarsen at increased temperatures and times.
Magnesium for Crashworthy Components
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2014
Grain refinement of aluminum alloys: Part II. Confirmation of, and a mechanism for, the solute paradigm
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1999
The Effect of Ultrasonic Melt Treatment on Macro-Segregation and Peritectic Transformation in an Al-19Si-4Fe Alloy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-09-2017
CALPHAD simulation of the Mg-(Mn, Zr)-Fe system and experimental comparison with as-cast alloy microstructures as relevant to impurity driven corrosion of Mg-alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Cross-sectional geometry and the intermetallics structure in a high pressure die cast Mg-Al alloy
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.638-642.1579
Abstract: Specimens of rectangular and circular cross section of a Mg-9Al binary alloy have been tensile tested and the cross section of undeformed specimens examined using scanning electron microscopy. The rectangular cross sections showed three scales in the cellular intermetallics network: coarse at the core, fine at the surface and very fine at the corners, whereas the circular ones showed only two, coarse at the core and fine at the surface. The specimens of rectangular cross section exhibited higher yield strength in comparison to the circular ones. Possible reasons for the observed increased strength of the rectangular sections are discussed.
Revisiting the intermetallic phases in high-pressure die-cast Mg–4Al–4Ce and Mg–4Al–4La alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Anelasticity of die-cast magnesium-aluminium based alloys under different strain rates
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Effect of Cooling Rate on the Grain Refinement of Mg-Y-Zr Alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-10-2019
Heat treatment of vacuum high pressure die cast magnesium alloy AZ91
Publisher: Maney Publishing
Date: 19-12-2014
Development of novel Al-Si-Ce filler wires to enable high contrast in X-ray imaging of fusion welded aluminum alloy joints
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-05-2023
Effects of quench rate and natural ageing on the age hardening behaviour of aluminium alloy AA6060
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Double-layered manganese phosphate conversion coating on magnesium alloy AZ91D: Insights into coating formation, growth and corrosion resistance
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
A comparison of the deformation of magnesium alloys with aluminium and steel in tension, bending and buckling
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2006
In-situ quench and tempering for microstructure control and enhanced mechanical properties of laser cladded AISI 420 stainless steel powder on 300M steel substrates
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Microstructure and property evaluation of high-pressure die-cast Mg-La-rare earth (Nd, Y or Gd) alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
An Analysis of the Tensile Deformation Behavior of Commercial Die-Cast Magnesium-Aluminum-Based Alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-05-2019
On the microstructural factors affecting creep resistance of die-cast Mg–La-rare earth (Nd, Y or Gd) alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Crystallographic study of grain refinement in aluminum alloys using the edge-to-edge matching model
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2005
The role of Al2Y in grain refinement in Mg–Al–Y alloy system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2013
The influence of minor Mn additions on creep resistance of die-cast Mg–Al–RE alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Compressive Creep Behavior of High-Pressure Die-Cast Aluminum-Containing Magnesium Alloys Developed for Elevated Temperature Applications
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-10-2019
Corrosion protection of magnesium and its alloys by metal phosphate conversion coatings
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-12-2014
Microstructural analysis of the influences of platform preheating and post-build heat treatment on mechanical properties of laser powder bed fusion manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Microstructural characterization of high pressure die cast Mg-Zn-Al-RE alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
A History of the Global Light Metals Alliance
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2019
Grain refinement of magnesium alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2005
Elevated temperature mechanical properties and microstructures of high pressure die cast magnesium AZ91 alloy cast with different section thicknesses
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
Grain structure control during metal 3D printing by high-intensity ultrasound
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-01-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-13874-Z
Abstract: Additive manufacturing (AM) of metals, also known as metal 3D printing, typically leads to the formation of columnar grain structures along the build direction in most as-built metals and alloys. These long columnar grains can cause property anisotropy, which is usually detrimental to component qualification or targeted applications. Here, without changing alloy chemistry, we demonstrate an AM solidification-control solution to printing metallic alloys with an equiaxed grain structure and improved mechanical properties. Using the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V as a model alloy, we employ high-intensity ultrasound to achieve full transition from columnar grains to fine (~100 µm) equiaxed grains in AM Ti-6Al-4V s les by laser powder deposition. This results in a 12% improvement in both the yield stress and tensile strength compared with the conventional AM columnar Ti-6Al-4V. We further demonstrate the generality of our technique by achieving similar grain structure control results in the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 625, and expect that this method may be applicable to other metallic materials that exhibit columnar grain structures during AM.
Relating Quench Sensitivity to Microstructure in 6000 Series Aluminium Alloys
Publisher: Japan Institute of Metals
Date: 2011
Microstructural analysis of the creep resistance of die-cast Mg-4Al-2RE alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2008
Defect detectability assessment of notches in a self-piercing rivet using X-ray computed tomography
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Isothermal Point Mutation Detection: Toward a First-Pass Screening Strategy for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-08-2017
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.7B01685
Abstract: Point mutations in DNA are useful biomarkers that can provide critical classification of disease for accurate diagnosis and to inform clinical decisions. Conventional approaches to detect point mutations are usually based on technologies such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or DNA sequencing, which are typically slow and require expensive lab-based equipment. While rapid isothermal strategies such as recombinase polymerase lification (RPA) have been proposed, they tend to suffer from poor specificity in discriminating point mutations. Herein, we describe a novel strategy that enabled exquisite point mutation discrimination with isothermal DNA lification, using mismatched primers in conjunction with a two-round enrichment process. As a proof of concept, the method was applied to the rapid and specific identification of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis using RPA under specific conditions. The assay requires just picogram levels of genomic DNA input, is sensitive and specific enough to detect 10% point mutation loading, and can discriminate between closely related mutant variants within 30 min. The assay was subsequently adapted onto a low-cost 3D-printed isothermal device with real-time analysis capabilities to demonstrate a potential point-of-care application. Finally, the generic applicability of the strategy was shown by detecting three other clinically important cancer-associated point mutations. We believe that our assay shows potential in a broad range of healthcare screening processes for detecting and categorizing disease phenotypes at the point of care, thus reducing unnecessary therapy and cost in these contexts.
Grain Refinement and Hot Tearing of Aluminium Alloys - How to Optimise and Minimise
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 10-2009
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.630.213
Abstract: Grain refinement and hot tearing are important key factors affecting the quality of castings. There have been substantial advances in the understanding of both of these phenomena over the last two decades. The paper discusses strategies for obtaining the lowest cost grain refiner addition and provides an explanation for how the refinement of equiaxed grains leads to a reduction in hot tear susceptibility. However, it also provides a warning that adding more grain refiner may not be better for reducing hot tear susceptibility. Alloy factors affecting hot tearing are also discussed. Finally, a list of six key considerations is provided to help casthouse and foundry engineers when trying to optimise grain refinement and reduce hot tearing.
An analytical model for constitutional supercooling-driven grain formation and grain size prediction
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
Partitioning of titanium during solidification of aluminium alloys
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2000
Recent advances in biodegradation controls over Mg alloys for bone fracture management: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Effect of alloy composition and laser powder bed fusion parameters on the defect formation and mechanical properties of Inconel 625
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-03-2021
Effect of ultrasonic melt treatment on intermetallic phase formation in a manganese-modified Al-17Si-2Fe alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
The Influence of the Effect of Solute on the Thermodynamic Driving Force on Grain Refinement of Al Alloys
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-10-2015
The effect of pre-heat temperature on the microstructure and abrasive wear properties of laser metal deposited near-eutectic Fe-28Cr-2.9C alloy
Publisher: Laser Institute of America
Date: 15-06-2020
DOI: 10.2351/7.0000116
Abstract: Fe-Cr-C near-eutectic alloys are commonly used in wear resistant parts in mining applications, due to their excellent erosion and abrasion wear resistance. Laser metal deposition is an additive technology that presents opportunities for manufacturing mining components, as well as repairing worn areas of wear resistant parts. However, Fe-Cr-C hypoeutectic alloys are very hard and brittle and are often considered “unweldable” due to the lack of ductility required to accommodate thermal stresses. Therefore, controlling key processing parameters, such as preheating temperature and cooling rate, plays a crucial role in achieving crack-free layers with a refined microstructure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of substrate preheat temperature on the microstructure and wear properties of laser metal deposited Fe-28Cr-2.9C alloy. The microstructure and wear properties were analyzed for three different preheating conditions. The microstructure consisted of a near-eutectic structure consisting of M7C3 carbides + austenite, which has been mostly transformed to martensite. Increasing the preheating temperature increased the carbide size and retained austenite in the matrix, which was detrimental for the wear resistance.
The effect of the melt thermal gradient on the size of the constitutionally supercooled zone
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 03-2016
A New Analytical Approach to Reveal the Mechanisms of Grain Refinement
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2007
The Grain Refinement of Al-Si Alloys and the Cause of Si Poisoning: Insights Revealed by the Interdependence Model
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.794-796.161
Abstract: Recent work has extended the Interdependence Model to the prediction of grain size of aluminium alloys when refined by Al-Ti-B master alloys. The relative contribution of Ti solute and TiB 2 particles to the as-cast grain size was determined indicating the optimum level of addition required to provide cost effective use of master alloy. This paper quantifies the effect of Al5Ti1B master alloy additions on the grain size of Al-Si alloys. The Al-Si system is a special case where additions of Si above a few percent poison grain refinement resulting in larger grain sizes. Consideration of the complicating effect of Si poisoning on the prediction of the grain size of these alloys and possible approaches to dealing with these complications are presented.
Strain-rate sensitivity of die-cast magnesium-aluminium based alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
An analysis of the relationship between grain size, solute content, and the potency and number density of nucleant particles
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2005
Magnesium alloy applications in automotive structures
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2008
Towards understanding grain nucleation under Additive Manufacturing solidification conditions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
A model of grain refinement incorporating alloy constitution and potency of heterogeneous nucleant particles
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2001
Fatigue behaviour of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) Ti–6Al–4V, Al–Si–Mg and stainless steels: a brief overview
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10704-022-00641-3
Abstract: Fatigue and crack growth characteristics are essential cyclic properties of additively manufactured (AM) components for load-bearing applications, which are less reported in the literature than static properties. The fatigue behaviour of AM components is more complicated than those produced by conventional fabrication techniques (casting and forging) because of the multiplicity of different influencing factors like defect distribution, inhomogeneity of the microstructure and consequent anisotropy. Therefore, it is crucial to understand fatigue performance under different loading conditions to enhance AM application in aerospace, automotive, and other industries. The present work summarises the published literature for fatigue properties of popular metals (Ti–6Al–4V, Al–Si–Mg and stainless steels) produced by the laser powder-bed-fusion (L-PBF) process. Moreover, process parameters, post-processing treatments and microstructures of these alloys are discussed to evaluate the current state-of-the-art of fatigue and crack growth properties of L-PBF metals. The static properties of these alloys are also included to incorporate only those cases for which fatigue behaviour are discussed later in this review to make a correlation between the static and fatigue properties for these alloys. The effects of build orientation, microstructure, heat treatment, surface roughness and defects on fatigue strength and fatigue crack growth threshold are observed and critically analysed based on available literature. This study also highlights the common and contrary findings in the literature associated with various influential factors to comprehensively understand the cyclic loading behaviour of L-PBF produced metal alloys.
Wire arc additive manufacturing of light metals: From experimental investigation to numerical process simulation and microstructural modeling
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2023
The relationship between microstructure and creep resistance in die-cast magnesium-rare earth alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Analytical modelling of heat accumulation in laser based additive manufacturing processes of metals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Parametric design and evaluation of TPMS-like cellular solids
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Evaluation of the Effect of Rare Earth Alloying Additions on the Hot Tearing Susceptibility of Aluminum Alloy 7150 During Rapid Solidification
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-07-2020
Casting defects and mechanical properties of high pressure die cast Mg-Zn-Al-RE alloys
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-09-2012
Abstract: The die casting defects and tensile properties of high pressure die cast (HPDC) Mg‐Zn‐Al‐RE alloys with various combinations of Zn and Al were studied. The results show that die casting defects in Mg‐Zn‐Al‐RE alloys are affected by the percentage of Zn and Al contents. The hot tearing susceptibility (HTS) of Mg‐Zn‐Al‐RE alloys tends to increase with increasing Zn content up to 6 wt%, while a further increase of Al and/or Zn content reduces the HTS. In tensile tests, the yield strength (YS) is generally improved by increasing Zn or Al content, whereas the tensile strength (TS) and ductility appear to depend largely on the presence of casting defects. Compared with Mg‐Zn‐Al alloys, the mechanical properties of the Mg‐Zn‐Al‐RE alloy are significantly improved. The Mg‐4Zn‐4Al‐4RE alloy is found to have few casting defects and the optimal tensile properties.
A comparative study of the role of solute, potent particles and ultrasonic treatment during solidification of pure Mg, Mg–Zn and Mg–Zr alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Refining prior-β grains of Ti–6Al–4V alloy through yttrium addition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Effect of strain rate on mechanical behaviour of commercial die-cast magnesium alloys
Publisher: MS&T17
Date: 2017
Exceptional grain refinement of Mg-Zr master alloy treated by tungsten inert gas arc re-melting with ultra-high frequency pulses
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Crystallographic study of grain refinement of Al by Nb addition
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 28-03-2014
DOI: 10.1107/S1600576714004476
Abstract: The grain refinement of Al by the addition of a small amount of peritectic-forming solute, Nb, has been studied from the crystallographic point of view. Combining the observations of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with the results of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, it is confirmed that the particles observed at or near the grain centres of refined Al alloys are pro-peritectic Al 3 Nb particles. The crystallographic matching between the Al 3 Nb particles and Al grains has also been evaluated using an edge-to-edge matching model and further verified using electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that there are reproducible crystallographic orientation relationships between the Al 3 Nb particles and Al grains, and the experimental results are consistent with the predictions of the edge-to-edge matching model. This implies that the pro-peritectic Al 3 Nb particles are favourable nucleation sites for Al grains from the crystallographic point of view. Furthermore, the analysis of the size distribution of Al 3 Nb particles reveals that the Al 3 Nb particles at the grain centres have relatively large particle size, which also corroborates the high potency of Al 3 Nb according to the free growth model. It is therefore concluded that the significant grain refinement resulting from the addition of Nb is predominantly attributed to the in situ formed Al 3 Nb particles which promote grain refinement via enhanced heterogeneous nucleation.
The Effect of Heat Accumulation on the Local Grain Structure in Laser-Directed Energy Deposition of Aluminium
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-09-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MET12101601
Abstract: The energy used to melt the material at each layer during laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED) accumulates in the solidified layers upon layer deposition and leads to an increase in the temperature of the part with an increasing number of layers. This heat accumulation can lead to inhomogeneous solidification conditions, increasing residual stresses and potentially anisotropic mechanical properties due to columnar grain structures. In this work, infrared imaging is applied during the directed energy deposition process to capture the evolution of the temperature field in high spatial and temporal evolutions. Image processing algorithms determined the solidification rate and the temperature gradient in the spatial and temporal evolutions and evidenced their change with the proceeding deposition process. Metallographic analysis proves that these changes significantly affect the local grain structure of the L-DED fabricated parts. The study provides comprehensive quantitative measurements of the change in the solidification variables in local and temporal resolutions. The comprehensive comparison of different parameter combinations reveals that applied power, and especially the frequency of the consecutive deposition of the in idual layers, are the key parameters to adjusting heat accumulation. These findings provide a methodology for optimising L-DED manufacturing processes and tailoring the local microstructure development by controlling heat accumulation.
The effect of heat treatment on the abrasive and erosive wear behaviour of laser metal deposited Fe–28Cr–2.7C alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Influence of SiC Particles on the Grain Refinement of an Mg-Al Alloy
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.618-619.445
Abstract: SiC particles are effective grain refiners in Mg-Al alloys. Several investigations, from different researchers, into their effect on a range of alloys with different Al contents has been undertaken and it has been found that the greatest reduction in grain size occurs in alloys having low Al contents. Performing grain refinement studies on a range of alloy contents also allows for further investigation into the mechanisms of grain refinement. It was found that the size of the SiC particles is also important in magnesium grain refinement. However, the presence of Mg2Si in the microstructure and the consideration of phase equilibria suggest that SiC can transform into other binary or ternary carbides. If such carbides are formed, they may also act as an effective grain refiner for Mg-Al alloys. In this study, the possibility of formation of new carbides (Al4C3, Al2MgC2, Mn7C3, Mg2C, Mg2C3, Al2CO etc.) and their ability to be good grain refiners for Mg-Al alloys is discussed.
Microstructure and hardness characterisation of laser coatings produced with a mixture of AISI 420 stainless steel and Fe-C-Cr-Nb-B-Mo steel alloy powders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
The Interdependence Theory: The relationship between grain formation and nucleant selection
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
EBSD Microstructure Mapping of Zr47.5Cu45.5Al5Co2 Bulk Metallic Glass Matrix Composite to Ascertain the Effect of Inoculation in Promoting Crystallinity
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-12-2018
DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS201812.0159.V1
Abstract: Bulk metallic glass matrix composites have emerged as competent structural material of future bearing potential structural applications. However, the optimum percentage of crystallinity required to produce enough toughness that it can serve as structural component is still a matter of debate. In this study, an effort is made to address this problem by inoculation. A controlled amount of carefully selected inoculant is introduced in Zr47.5Cu45.5Al5Co2 bulk metallic glass matrix composite during melting and solidification. Its effect in promoting crystallinity is checked by detailed electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) mapping. Proper pattern capture, background correction, binning, Hough space transformation, step size selection, indexing and matching with well-defined crystal structure files have shown to reflect upon map quality. This shows and bears direct relation with effect of inoculation. Results from two independent laboratories are reported. Inoculation treatment is shown to be advantageous.
Chemical Additions to Reduce Hot Tearing in the Cast House
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-03-2012
Solute content and the grain microstructure of high pressure diecast magnesium-aluminium alloys
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2009
Development of magnesium-rare earth die-casting alloys
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2018
Performance evaluation of high-pressure die-cast magnesium alloys
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
The grain refinement mechanism of cast aluminium by zirconium
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
Strengthening by the percolating intergranular eutectic in an HPDC Mg-Ce alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Performance of wrought aluminium and magnesium alloy tubes in three-point bending
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2009
Influence of Mn and Zr on the corrosion of al-free Mg alloys: Part 2-impact of Mn and Zr on Mg alloy electrochemistry and corrosion
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 05-02-2013
DOI: 10.5006/0828
Abstract: A total of 47 alloys were produced to explore the changes in electrochemical and corrosion behavior of binary and ternary Mn- and Zr-containing Mg alloys—in the absence of Al. Up to ~2 wt% Mn was found to slightly reduce cathodic kinetics, while Zr in solid solution increased anodic reaction kinetics. We demonstrate that Zr is an efficient “activator” of Mg, which has not been explicitly shown previously. When Mn and Zr are both added to Mg, there can be an optimized combination/interaction where Mn with Zr works in conjunction to moderate the corrosion rate compared to an Mg-alloy with either Zr or Mn as singular additions. This has ramifications in emerging Al-free Mg alloys.
Influence of Mn and Zr on the corrosion of Al-free Mg alloys: Part 1 - Electrochemical behavior of Mn and Zr
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.5006/0827
Grain refinement of stainless steel in ultrasound-assisted additive manufacturing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Practical Considerations on the Application of Ultrasonic Treatment to Mg-Al Shape Castings
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.765.255
Abstract: This paper investigates the use of ultrasonic treatment on the grain refinement of Mg-Al alloys in castings similar to commercial gravity castings. It shows that it is a very effective form of grain refinement but it is limited spatially and by the advancing solidification front if partially-solidified product is washed into the die. It was found that the best way to obtain a homogeneous fine grain size through-out the casting was to combine a grain refining addition, SiC, with ultrasonic treatment during the initial stages of solidification.
Biocompatible strontium-phosphate and manganese-phosphate conversion coatings for magnesium and its alloys
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2015
Characterization and Formation of Rod-Shaped (Al,Si)3Ti Particles in an Al-7Si-0.35Mg-0.12Ti (Wt Pct) Alloy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-05-2015
On the creep resistance of HPDC Mg-RE based alloys
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.618-619.453
Abstract: This paper presents an analysis, based on microstructural observations by transmission electron microscopy, of the influence of chemical composition on creep resistance of high pressure die casting (HPDC) Mg-4RE-0.6Zn alloys. The improved creep resistance, by increasing the Nd/La ratio of the rare earth (RE) mixture, is shown to be associated with the supersaturation of Nd solute in the -Mg matrix, evidenced by the formation of Nd-rich precipitates on dislocations after a thermal ageing treatment. The result indicates that solid solution recipitation strengthening of the -Mg matrix is important to the creep resistance of HPDC Mg-RE based alloys.
Selective Laser Melting of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205: Effect of Post-Processing Heat Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Resistance
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-08-2019
DOI: 10.3390/MA12152468
Abstract: Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly growing field of technology. In order to increase the variety of metal alloys applicable for AM, selective laser melting (SLM) of duplex stainless steel 2205 powder and the resulting microstructure, density, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance were investigated. An optimal set of processing parameters for producing high density ( .9%) material was established. Various post-processing heat treatments were applied on the as-built predominantly ferritic material to achieve the desired dual-phase microstructure. Effects of annealing at temperatures of 950 °C, 1000 °C, 1050 °C, and 1100 °C on microstructure, crystallographic texture, and phase balance were examined. As a result of annealing, 40–46 vol.% of austenite phase was formed. Annealing decreased the high yield and tensile strength values of the as-built material, but significantly increased the ductility. Annealing also decreased the residual stresses in the material. Mechanical properties of the SLM-processed and heat-treated materials outperformed those of conventionally produced alloy counterparts. Using a scanning strategy with 66° rotation between layers decreased the strength of the crystallographic texture. Electrochemical cyclic potentiodynamic polarization testing in 0.6 M NaCl solution at room temperature showed that the heat treatment improved the pitting corrosion resistance of the as-built SLM-processed material.
Grain Morphology of As-Cast Wrought Aluminium Alloys
Publisher: Japan Institute of Metals
Date: 2011
Selective laser melting of Inconel 625 alloy with reduced defect formation
Publisher: Laser Institute of America
Date: 05-2020
DOI: 10.2351/7.0000093
Abstract: Selective laser melting (SLM) of nickel-based superalloys, such as Inconel 625 (IN625), creates new opportunities for the additive manufacture of highly optimized engineered structures with high service temperature and exceptional resistance to oxidation and corrosion. However, SLM processing of IN625 can be challenging due to the occurrence of material defects such as porosity and microcracking. An experimental and analytical investigation has identified potential strategies for reducing the formation of defects through careful selection of processing conditions and modification of material composition, respectively. Reducing the inertial effects of the laser galvanometer with a laser skywriting function has been found to significantly reduce the formation of porosity defects. However, microcrack formation was not mitigated with the variation of the laser processing parameters. Thermodynamic simulations were used to predict the solidification behavior for several modified IN625 compositions, where silicon and manganese contents were varied within the standard material composition range. An index to predict the relative hot tearing sensitivity of each composition was calculated from the solidification data, which revealed that hot tearing susceptibility may be reduced by minimizing silicon and manganese. Application of the identified process and composition improvements can lead to SLM manufacture of defect-free IN625 components for high-value applications.
Grain refinement in laser remelted Mg-3Nd-1Gd-0.5Zr alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Microstructure, abrasive wear and corrosion characterisation of laser metal deposited Fe-30Cr-6Mo-10Ni-2.2C alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Effect of building direction on porosity and fatigue life of selective laser melted AlSi12Mg alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
Corrosion-resistant coatings for magnesium (Mg) alloys
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
The influence of iron, manganese, and zirconium on the corrosion of magnesium: An artificial neural network approach
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.5006/1467
Influence of eutectic morphology on the impact properties of high pressure die cast Mg-rare-earth alloys
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.654-656.683
Abstract: The impact properties of high-pressure die cast Mg-RE alloys were investigated. It was found that, for rare earth contents between 2-4 wt.%, the Mg-La and Mg-Nd alloys performed better than the Mg-Ce alloys in un-notched tests. The notched results appear to be related to the amount of intermetallic. In contrast, the un-notched results indicate that at some compositions the Mg-La alloys out-performed the other alloys when compared to the amount of intermetallic. It was apparent that a lamellar eutectic structure can improve the un-notched impact properties of Mg-RE based alloys even when this is not evidenced in tensile test or notched impact results.
Controlling initial biodegradation of magnesium by a biocompatible strontium phosphate conversion coating
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2013.11.016
Abstract: A simple strontium phosphate (SrP) conversion coating process was developed to protect magnesium (Mg) from the initial degradation post-implantation. The coating morphology, deposition rate and resultant phases are all dependent on the processing temperature, which determines the protective ability for Mg in minimum essential medium (MEM). Coatings produced at 80 °C are primarily made up of strontium apatite (SrAp) with a granular surface, a high degree of crystallinity and the highest protective ability, which arises from retarding anodic dissolution of Mg in MEM. Following 14 days' immersion in MEM, the SrAp coating maintained its integrity with only a small fraction of the surface corroded. The post-degradation effect of uncoated Mg and Mg coated at 40 and 80 °C on the proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells was also studied, revealing that the SrP coatings are biocompatible and permit proliferation to a level similar to that of pure Mg. The present study suggests that the SrP conversion coating is a promising option for controlling the early rapid degradation rate, and hence hydrogen gas evolution, of Mg implants without adverse effects on surrounding cells and tissues.
Influence of macrosegregation on solidification cracking in laser clad ultra-high strength steels
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Powder bed fusion processes: An overview
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
Control and Removal of Impurities from Al Melts: A Review
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 07-2011
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.693.149
Abstract: Control of impurity elements in Al-based alloys is of increasing technological importance, both in primary and secondary alloy production. In primary alloy production, Ni and V concentrations in the coke are rising and this is increasing the level of impurities in the final products to the extent that they are out of specification. Impurity control is also of concern in recycling due to the pickup of elements such as Fe from contaminants in the scrap, which can detrimentally affect the alloy properties. Dissolved elemental impurities can be removed by a number of different processes including boron treatment for some of the transition metals. Other processes in the cast shop for removing impurities and inclusions from Al melts include fluxing, floatation, and filtration. Gas purging, vacuum treatment, filtration, the use of salts, and combinations of these presently find commercial applications. Ultra purity Al and its alloys can be obtained using zone refining and three-layer electrolysis methods. The demand for higher purity Al has been largely met by additional electrolytic refining processes. This paper reviews the tools that are currently available to the casthouse for removing impurities and inclusions from Al melts and suggests approaches that may be useful to meet future challenges.
A Brief History of the Grain Refinement of Cast Light Alloys
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.765.123
Abstract: The development of grain refinement technologies began in the 1930s in response to the need to improve the mechanical properties of as-cast components. Commercial grain refining technologies were developed by industrial and experimental trials often with good success including the production of effective master alloys. In parallel, researchers developed theories to explain the mechanisms of refinement in order to improve the efficiency of refiners and develop new better performing grain refining master alloys. This research continues today. Here we briefly present the history of these developments. It is shown that many developments in our understanding were based on assumptions arising from experimental and industrial observations and the prevailing solidification theories of the time.
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