ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2125-4985
Current Organisations
Institut Universitaire de France
,
INSERM
,
Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital
,
CNRS
,
Université Paris Cité
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Publications
The neurodevelopment of anomalous perception: Evidence in cortical folding patterns for prenatal predispositions to hallucinations in schizophrenia
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 05-06-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122424
Abstract: All perception is a construction of the brain from sensory input. Our first perceptions begin during gestation, making fetal brain development fundamental to how we experience a erse world. Hallucinations are percepts without origin in physical reality that occur in health and disease. Despite longstanding research on the brain structures supporting hallucinations and on perinatal contributions to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, what links these two distinct lines of research remains unclear. We studied two independent datasets of patients with schizophrenia who underwent clinical assessment and 3T structural magnetic resonance (MR) imaging from the United Kingdom and Shanghai, China (n = 181 combined) and 63 healthy controls from Shanghai. Participants were stratified into those with (n = 79 UK n = 22 Shanghai) and without (n = 43 UK n = 37 Shanghai) hallucinations from the PANSS P3 scores for hallucinatory behaviour. We quantified the length, depth, and asymmetry indices of the paracingulate and superior temporal sulci (PCS, STS) from MR images and constructed cortical folding covariance matrices organized by large-scale networks. In both ethnic groups, we replicated a significantly shorter left PCS in patients with hallucinations compared to those without, and healthy controls. Reduced PCS length and STS depth corresponded to focal deviations in their geometry and to significantly increased covariance within and between areas of the salience and auditory networks. The discovery of neurodevelopmental alterations contributing to hallucinations establishes testable models for these enigmatic, sometimes highly distressing, perceptions and provides mechanistic insight into the pathological consequences of prenatal origins.
Are Hallucinations Due to an Imbalance Between Excitatory and Inhibitory Influences on the Brain?
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 22-06-2018
Global Genetic Variations Predict Brain Response to Faces
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 14-08-2014
Volumetric Segmentation and Characterisation of the Paracingulate Sulcus on MRI Scans
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 29-11-2019
DOI: 10.1101/859496
Abstract: Many architectures of deep neural networks have been designed to solve specific biomedical problems, among which segmentation is a critical step to detect and locate the boundaries of the target object from an image. In this paper, we develop a deep learning based framework to automatically segment the paracingulate sulcus (PCS) from the MRI scan and estimate lengths for its segments. The study is the first work on segmentation and characterisation of the PCS, and the model achieves a Dice score of over 0.77 on segmentation, which demonstrates its potential for clinical use to assist human annotation. Moreover, the proposed architecture as a solution can be generalised to other problems where the object has similar patterns.
The brain: From transition to first-episode psychosis
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 27-11-2014
Evidence in cortical folding patterns for prenatal predispositions to hallucinations in schizophrenia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-11-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41398-020-01075-Y
Abstract: All perception is a construction of the brain from sensory input. Our first perceptions begin during gestation, making fetal brain development fundamental to how we experience a erse world. Hallucinations are percepts without origin in physical reality that occur in health and disease. Despite longstanding research on the brain structures supporting hallucinations and on perinatal contributions to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, what links these two distinct lines of research remains unclear. Sulcal patterns derived from structural magnetic resonance (MR) images can provide a proxy in adulthood for early brain development. We studied two independent datasets of patients with schizophrenia who underwent clinical assessment and 3T MR imaging from the United Kingdom and Shanghai, China ( n = 181 combined) and 63 healthy controls from Shanghai. Participants were stratified into those with ( n = 79 UK n = 22 Shanghai) and without ( n = 43 UK n = 37 Shanghai) hallucinations from the PANSS P3 scores for hallucinatory behaviour. We quantified the length, depth, and asymmetry indices of the paracingulate and superior temporal sulci (PCS, STS), which have previously been associated with hallucinations in schizophrenia, and constructed cortical folding covariance matrices organized by large-scale functional networks. In both ethnic groups, we demonstrated a significantly shorter left PCS in patients with hallucinations compared to those without, and to healthy controls. Reduced PCS length and STS depth corresponded to focal deviations in their geometry and to significantly increased covariance within and between areas of the salience and auditory networks. The discovery of neurodevelopmental alterations contributing to hallucinations establishes testable models for these enigmatic, sometimes highly distressing, perceptions and provides mechanistic insight into the pathological consequences of prenatal origins.
Related Organisations
Related Funding Activities
No related grants have been discovered for Arnaud Cachia.