ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2171-7145
Current Organisation
Flinders University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Archaeology | Quaternary Environments | Geochemistry | Archaeological Science | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Archaeology | Isotope Geochemistry | Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience | Causes and Prevention of Crime | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander History | Archaeology of Asia, Africa and the Americas | Archaeological science | Historical Archaeology (incl. Industrial Archaeology) | Exploration Geochemistry | Geomorphology and Regolith and Landscape Evolution | Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology | Geochronology | Proteomics and Intermolecular Interactions (excl. Medical Proteomics) | Archaeology | Environmental Chemistry (incl. Atmospheric Chemistry) | Sedimentology | Geophysics not elsewhere classified
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Expanding Knowledge in History and Archaeology | Understanding Australia's Past | Expanding Knowledge in the Earth Sciences | Ecosystem Adaptation to Climate Change | Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Coastal and Estuarine Environments | Coastal and Estuarine Land Management | Environmental Education and Awareness | Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Australia (excl. Social Impacts) | Conserving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage | Mineral Exploration not elsewhere classified | Law Enforcement | Coastal and Estuarine Soils | Physical and Chemical Conditions of Water in Fresh, Ground and Surface Water Environments (excl. Urban and Industrial Use) | Cancer and Related Disorders | Copper Ore Exploration |
Related Links
Publications
The Middle Stone Age Sequence at Klipfonteinrand 1 (KFR1), Western Cape, South Africa
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-06-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S41982-023-00147-X
Abstract: The rock shelter site Klipfonteinrand 1 (KFR1), located on the edge of southern Africa’s Fynbos biome, was initially excavated by John Parkington in 1969. Due to difficulties resolving the stratigraphic sequence, the lack of age estimates, and generally poor organic preservation, the Middle Stone Age (MSA) components of the site have received limited attention. In this paper we report on the re-excavation, dating, palaeoecology, and cultural sequence recovered from a trench placed adjacent to Parkington’s original excavation. The refined sequence includes three stratigraphically distinct MSA components: a Howiesons Poort component dating to ~69 ka, and two earlier MSA components dating to ~85 ka and ~156 ka. These are overlain by two younger components dated to the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. Bedrock morphology at the site is complex, and the oldest component appears to be restricted to a small area of relatively deep (1.9 m) sediment accumulation towards the centre of the sheltered area. Phytoliths suggest limited change in floral communities near the site across the lowest three units—which include parts of marine isotope stages (MIS) 6, 5, and 4—reflecting the characteristic stability of the Fynbos biome. The stone artefacts in the oldest MSA component include large blades that are absent from the overlying strata, and that may be a distinct element of late MIS 6 technology in the area. Interestingly, neither the early MSA nor early Holocene components we describe here were encountered in the rear trench at the site, 3 m away, which instead produced a sequence dominated by marine isotope stage 2 occupation. KFR1 presents new insights into the archaeology of the earlier MSA in southern Africa, while also providing a cautionary note on the discontinuous and spatially variable nature of rock shelter occupation in the region.
Bioavailable Soil and Rock Strontium Isotope Data from Israel
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 10-07-2020
Abstract: Abstract. Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) of biogenic carbonates such as bones and teeth reflect the local sources of strontium ingested as food and drink during their formation. This has led to the use of strontium isotope ratios as a geochemical tracer in a wide range of fields including archaeology, ecology, food studies and forensic sciences. In order to utilise strontium as a geochemical tracer, baseline data of bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr in the region of interest is required, and a growing number of studies have developed reference maps for this purpose in various geographic regions, and over varying scales. This study presents a new data set of bioavailable strontium isotope ratios across Israel, from rock and soil s les. This data set may be viewed and accessed both in an Open Science Framework repository (doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/XKJ5Y (Moffat et al., 2020)) or via the IRHUM (Isotopic Reconstruction of Human Migration) database (Willmes et al. 2014).
SPATIALLY RESOLVED LA-MC-ICPMS STRONTIUM ISOTOPE MICROANALYSIS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL FAUNA
Publisher: Society for Sedimentary Geology
Date: 16-10-2012
The Sedimentary Context of Open-Air Archaeology: A Case Study in the Western Cape’s Doring River Valley, South Africa
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-03-2023
DOI: 10.3390/SOILSYSTEMS7010025
Abstract: Despite the wealth of Late Pleistocene archaeology that exists across southern Africa’s open landscape, it is routinely neglected in favour of rock shelter (re)excavation, biasing interpretation of human–environment interaction. This is compounded by the scarcity of open-air studies that use geoarchaeological methods to investigate the history and processes involved in their formation. The open-air archaeology of the Doring River Valley is an ex le of this, despite nearly a decade of dedicated study and publication. Consequently, there remains a limited and untested understanding of the valley’s formation history. This paper rectifies this by providing a sedimentary context for the surface archaeology exposed across one of the Doring River Valley’s artefact-baring localities, Uitspankraal 7 (UPK7). Characterisation, particle size, mineralogical, morphometric, and geophysical analysis of UPK7′s sand mantle resulted in the identification of four artefact-bearing sedimentary units, the aeolian and pedogenic processes involved in their formation, and their proposed order of deposition. This provides a stratigraphic, taphonomic, and environmental context against which chronometric dating and an analysis of the taphonomic, spatio-temporal, and technological composition of UPK7′s surface archaeology can be compared. This work is the first vital step towards understanding the depositional and behavioural history of a landscape, irrespective of context type.
The IRHUM (Isotopic Reconstruction of Human Migration) database – bioavailable strontium isotope ratios for geochemical fingerprinting in France
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 25-03-2014
Abstract: Abstract. Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr / 86Sr) are a key geochemical tracer used in a wide range of fields including archaeology, ecology, food and forensic sciences. These applications are based on the principle that the Sr isotopic ratios of natural materials reflect the sources of strontium available during their formation. A major constraint for current studies is the lack of robust reference maps to evaluate the source of strontium isotope ratios measured in the s les. Here we provide a new data set of bioavailable Sr isotope ratios for the major geologic units of France, based on plant and soil s les (Pangaea data repository doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.819142). The IRHUM (Isotopic Reconstruction of Human Migration) database is a web platform to access, explore and map our data set. The database provides the spatial context and metadata for each s le, allowing the user to evaluate the suitability of the s le for their specific study. In addition, it allows users to upload and share their own data sets and data products, which will enhance collaboration across the different research fields. This article describes the s ling and analytical methods used to generate the data set and how to use and access the data set through the IRHUM database. Any interpretation of the isotope data set is outside the scope of this publication.
Rapid response of silicate weathering rates to climate change in the Himalaya
Publisher: European Association of Geochemistry
Date: 20-02-2015
Surgical amputation of a limb 31,000 years ago in Borneo
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-09-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41586-022-05160-8
Abstract: The prevailing view regarding the evolution of medicine is that the emergence of settled agricultural societies around 10,000 years ago (the Neolithic Revolution) gave rise to a host of health problems that had previously been unknown among non-sedentary foraging populations, stimulating the first major innovations in prehistoric medical practices 1,2 . Such changes included the development of more advanced surgical procedures, with the oldest known indication of an ‘operation’ formerly thought to have consisted of the skeletal remains of a European Neolithic farmer (found in Buthiers-Boulancourt, France) whose left forearm had been surgically removed and then partially healed 3 . Dating to around 7,000 years ago, this accepted case of utation would have required comprehensive knowledge of human anatomy and considerable technical skill, and has thus been viewed as the earliest evidence of a complex medical act 3 . Here, however, we report the discovery of skeletal remains of a young in idual from Borneo who had the distal third of their left lower leg surgically utated, probably as a child, at least 31,000 years ago. The in idual survived the procedure and lived for another 6–9 years, before their remains were intentionally buried in Liang Tebo cave, which is located in East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo, in a limestone karst area that contains some of the world’s earliest dated rock art 4 . This unexpectedly early evidence of a successful limb utation suggests that at least some modern human foraging groups in tropical Asia had developed sophisticated medical knowledge and skills long before the Neolithic farming transition.
‘They call ‘im Crowie’: An investigation of the Aboriginal significance attributed to a wrecked River Murray barge in South Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-11-2017
Deciphering a Timeline of Demise at Medieval Angkor, Cambodia Using Remote Sensing
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-05-2021
DOI: 10.3390/RS13112094
Abstract: The Greater Angkor Region was the center of the Khmer Empire from the 9th until the 13th to the 14th centuries CE, when it entered a period of decline. Many studies have suggested that the decline of Angkor was precipitated by several factors, including severe monsoons, geopolitical shifts, and invasions. In this paper, we use light detection and ranging and ground penetrating radar to investigate the possible intersection of two of these existential threats in one feature: the North Bank Wall. Our results indicate that this feature was designed with dual functionality of extending the urban area’s defenses to the east of Angkor Thom while maintaining the existing infrastructure for the distribution and disposal of water. These findings suggest that the North Bank Wall was built before the severe droughts in the mid-13th century. The timing of the construction indicates that the perceived need for additional security—whether from internal factional disputes or external adversaries—predated the final adaptations to the hydraulic network during the unprecedented monsoon variability of the 14th century. These results indicate that perceived political unrest may have played a more important role in the decline of the site than previously known.
Using ground penetrating radar to understand the failure of the Koh Ker Reservoir, Northern Cambodia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-08-2019
DOI: 10.1002/GEA.21757
Reconstructing archaeological palaeolandscapes using geophysical and geomatic survey techniques: An example from Red Lily Lagoon, Arnhem Land, Australia
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-05-2023
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0283006
Abstract: Arnhem Land is a key region for understanding the Pleistocene colonisation of Australia, due to the presence of the oldest sites in the continent. Despite this, conventional archaeological survey has not been effective at locating additional pre-Holocene sites in the region due to a complex distribution of geomorphic units caused by sea level rise and coastal aggradation. This research uses geophysical and geomatic techniques to map the subsurface distribution of the geomorphic units in the Red Lily Lagoon region in eastern Arnhem Land. This reveals a complex Pleistocene landscape, which offers the potential to locate additional archaeological sites and so reveal more about the lifeways of the earliest Australians.
Earliest evidence for surgical amputation
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 12-04-2022
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-1531456/V1
Abstract: The prevailing view regarding the evolution of medicine is that the emergence of agricultural societies around 10,000 years ago (the ‘Neolithic Revolution’) gave rise to a host of health problems that were previously unknown among non-sedentary foraging populations, stimulating the first major innovations in prehistoric medico-socio-cultural practices1,2. Such changes included the development of more advanced surgical procedures, with the oldest known indication of an ‘operation’ formerly held to consist of a farmer with a surgically utated arm from a Neolithic site in France, dating to around 7,000 years ago3. This accepted case of utation would have required comprehensive knowledge of human anatomy and considerable technical skill and has thus been viewed as the earliest evidence in world history for a complex medical act3. Here, however, we report the discovery of skeletal remains from Borneo of a young in idual who had their lower left leg surgically utated, probably as a child, at least 31,000 years ago. The in idual survived the surgical procedure, living for at least another six to nine years before intentional burial within Liang Tebo cave—located in East Kalimantan, in a limestone karst area that hosts some of the world’s earliest dated rock art4. This unexpectedly early evidence for successful limb utation implies that modern human foraging groups had developed sophisticated medical knowledge and skills long before the Neolithic farming transition.
Evidence for the breakdown of an Angkorian hydraulic system, and its historical implications for understanding the Khmer Empire
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Indigenous built structures and anthropogenic impacts on the stratigraphy of Northern Australian rockshelters: insights from Malarrak 1, north western Arnhem Land
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2018
Geophysical prospection for late holocene burials in coastal environments: Possibilities and problems from a pilot study in South Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-07-2010
DOI: 10.1002/GEA.20321
Mapping unmarked graves with Ground Penetrating Radar at the Walkerville Wesleyan Cemetery, Adelaide
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2020
3D Mapping of the Submerged Crowie Barge Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1155/2018/6480565
Abstract: This study explores the applicability and effectiveness of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) as a tool for the high-resolution mapping of submerged and buried shipwrecks in 3D. This approach was trialled through modelling and field studies of Crowie , a paddle steamer barge which sunk at anchor in the Murray River at Morgan, South Australia, in the late 1950s. The mainly metallic structure of the ship is easily recognisable in the ERT data and was mapped in 3D both subaqueously and beneath the sediment-water interface. The innovative and successful use of ERT in this case study demonstrates that 3D ERT can be used for the detailed mapping of submerged cultural material. It will be particularly useful where other geophysical and er based mapping techniques may be inappropriate due to shallow water depths, poor visibility, or other constraints.
Who's been using my burial mound? Radiocarbon dating and isotopic tracing of human diet and mobility at the collective burial site, Le Tumulus des Sables, southwest France
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Mapping anthropogenic fill with GPR for unmarked grave detection: a case study from a possible location of Mokare’s grave, Albany, Western Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2011
DOI: 10.1071/EG11018
Aboriginal earth mounds of the Calperum Floodplain (Murray Darling Basin, South Australia): New radiocarbon dates, sediment analyses and syntheses, and implications for behavioural change
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 21-05-2022
DOI: 10.1177/09596836221095981
Abstract: This paper presents the results of an archaeological investigation into anthropogenic earth (oven) mounds located on the Murray River floodplain at Calperum Station in the Renmark region of South Australia. Six mounds were excavated and their contents examined. Sediment analyses were also conducted to assess magnetic susceptibility, grain size and loss on ignition. Radiocarbon age estimates were obtained on shell and charcoal. Mound contents primarily included anthropogenically burnt clay (heat retainers), charcoal, fragments of mussel shell as well as very minor quantities of other faunal material and stone artefacts (which were consistent with previous lithic assessments for the region). The radiocarbon age determinations from 15 s les indicate that mounds were formed by Aboriginal people on the Calperum floodplain from at least 3981–3723 cal BP and utilised up to the time of European invasion. The very minimal amount of faunal remains (other than mussel shell), artefacts and a general lack of other material evidence apart from clay heat retainers, confirms that these features were single purpose and not used as living areas. Sediment analyses and radiocarbon dates indicate a high degree of homogeneity within mounds but provide insights into an economic transition on the Calperum floodplain, at around 4000 cal BP involving a food-production procurement strategy based on heat retainer technology and the exploitation of emergent macrophytes.
A Regional Approach to Ancient Urban Studies in Greece Through Multi-Settlement Geophysical Survey
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-09-2017
Environmental influences on human innovation and behavioural diversity in southern Africa 92-80 thousand years ago.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-02-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41559-022-01667-5
Abstract: Africa's Middle Stone Age preserves sporadic evidence for novel behaviours among early modern humans, prompting a range of questions about the influence of social and environmental factors on patterns of human behavioural evolution. Here we document a suite of novel adaptations dating approximately 92-80 thousand years before the present at the archaeological site Varsche Rivier 003 (VR003), located in southern Africa's arid Succulent Karoo biome. Distinctive innovations include the production of ostrich eggshell artefacts, long-distance transportation of marine molluscs and systematic use of heat shatter in stone tool production, none of which occur in coeval assemblages at sites in more humid, well-studied regions immediately to the south. The appearance of these novelties at VR003 corresponds with a period of reduced regional wind strength and enhanced summer rainfall, and all of them disappear with increasing winter rainfall dominance after 80 thousand years before the present, following which a pattern of technological similarity emerges at sites throughout the broader region. The results indicate complex and environmentally contingent processes of innovation and cultural transmission in southern Africa during the Middle Stone Age.
Reconstruction of the late first millennium AD harbor site of Sembiran and analysis of its tradeware
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2020
Multi-scaler 3D modelling to reconstruct an experiential landscape: An example from a worker's cottage at Mount Dutton Bay, South Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
More than an Offender Location Tool: Geographic Profiling and Body Deposition Sites
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-08-2021
Mapping of bioavailable strontium isotope ratios in France for archaeological provenance studies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Thermal behaviour of organic radicals and paramagnetic centres in chert: A case study of Bergeracois brown chert, Dordogne, France
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
‘Do dead men tell no tales?’ The geographic origin of a colonial period Anglican cemetery population in Adelaide, South Australia, determined by isotope analyses
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-05-2022
Archaeology of JSARN–124 site 3, central-western Arnhem Land: Determining the age of the so-called ‘Genyornis’ painting
Publisher: ANU Press
Date: 30-11-2017
Fish otolith geochemistry, environmental conditions and human occupation at Lake Mungo, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
Determining the age of paintings at JSARN–113/23, Jawoyn Country, central-western Arnhem Land plateau
Publisher: ANU Press
Date: 30-11-2017
Using Ground Penetrating Radar and Resistivity Methods to Locate Unmarked Graves: A Review
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-07-2021
DOI: 10.3390/RS13152880
Abstract: The location of unmarked graves in forensic and archaeological investigations is legally and culturally important. In a forensic context, locating covert burials of missing persons can provide closure to the family, as well as facilitating the successful prosecution of the in idual(s) responsible. Archaeologically, burials provide an important source of information about health, diet, physical anthropology, and culture. Despite the importance of these features, the location of unmarked graves with conventional archaeological and forensic techniques, such as excavation, is difficult and expensive. As a result, geophysical techniques have been widely applied to the location of unmarked graves as they are non-invasive, cost and time effective, and avoid the unnecessary disturbance of human remains. This article brings together the literature on ground penetrating radar (GPR), and two resistivity methods, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and fixed probe resistivity (FPR), on their ability to locate burials and reviews their use in forensic and archaeological investigations. This paper aims to provide law enforcement personnel, archaeologists, geophysicists, and interested academics with an overview of how these techniques work, how they have been previously applied to grave detection, and the strengths and weakness of these methods.
Reply to: Common orthopaedic trauma may explain 31,000-year-old remains
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-03-2023
Archaeology of rock art at Dalakngalarr 1, central-western Arnhem Land
Publisher: ANU Press
Date: 30-11-2017
In situ oxygen isotope micro-analysis of faunal material and human teeth using a SHRIMP II: a new tool for palaeo-ecology and archaeology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2201
The past 500 years of rock art at Nawarla Gabarnmang, central-western Arnhem Land
Publisher: ANU Press
Date: 30-11-2017
Archaeological investigations in the shallow seawater environment with electrical resistivity tomography
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2015
Bioavailable soil and rock strontium isotope data from Israel
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 23-12-2020
DOI: 10.5194/ESSD-12-3641-2020
Abstract: Abstract. Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr ∕ 86Sr) of biogenic material such as bones and teeth reflect the local sources of strontium ingested as food and drink during their formation. This has led to the use of strontium isotope ratios as a geochemical tracer in a wide range of fields including archaeology, ecology, food studies and forensic sciences. In order to utilise strontium as a geochemical tracer, baseline data of bioavailable 87Sr ∕ 86Sr in the region of interest are required, and a growing number of studies have developed reference maps for this purpose in various geographic regions, and over varying scales. This study presents a new data set of bioavailable strontium isotope ratios from rock and soil s les across Israel, as well as from sediment layers from seven key archaeological sites. This data set may be viewed and accessed both in an Open Science Framework repository (0.17605/OSF.IO/XKJ5Y, Moffat et al., 2020) or via the IRHUM (Isotopic Reconstruction of Human Migration) database.
Geochronology and evolution of a complex barrier, Younghusband Peninsula, South Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Pursuing social justice through collaborative archaeologies in Aboriginal Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-09-2019
Reconstructing rock art chronology with transfer learning: A case study from Arnhem Land, Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-03-2021
How do we distinguish termite stone lines from artefact horizons? A challenge for geoarchaeology in tropical Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-10-2020
DOI: 10.1002/GEA.21766
A geophysical analysis of Aboriginal earth mounds in the Murray River Valley, South Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-08-2019
DOI: 10.1002/ARP.1746
Ground Penetrating Radar of Neotectonic Folds and Faults in South-Central Australia: Evolution of the Shallow Geophysical Structure of Fault-Propagation Folds with Increasing Strain
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-10-2022
DOI: 10.3390/GEOSCIENCES12110395
Abstract: Using ground penetrating radar (GPR) we investigate the near surface (~0–10 m depth) geophysical structure of neotectonic fault-propagation folds and thrust faults in south-central Australia in varying stages of fold and fault growth. Variations in neotectonic fold scarp heights are interpreted to reflect variations in accumulated slip on the underlying reverse faults. Fold scarps on the Nullarbor and Roe Plains are characterized by broad, asymmetric morphologies with vertical displacements of ~5 to ~40 m distributed over 1 to 2 km widths (~0.5 to ~4 m per 100 m). Within increasing scarp height there is an increase in the frequency and spatial density of strong reflector packages in the hanging wall that are attributed to material contrasts imposed by co-seismic fracturing and associated lithological and weathering variations. No evidence for discrete faulting is found at scarp heights up to 40 m (maximum relief of 4 m per 100 m). Where the principal slip zone of a fault ruptures to the surface, scarp morphologies are characterized by steep gradients (ca. 10 m per 100 m). Discrete faulting is imaged in GPR as structural lineaments, abrupt changes in the thickness of reflector packages with variations of litude, and/or hyperbolic diffraction packages indicative of the disturbance of reflector packages. Geophysical imaging of subtle changes in the shallow geological structure during growth of fault-propagation folds can be conducted using GPR informing the identification of locations for invasive investigations (e.g., trenching).
Innovative technological and subsistence responses to marginal environments indicate complex cultural dynamics in southern Africa ~90 000 years ago
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 16-04-2021
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-420682/V1
Abstract: Evidence for complex behaviours appears sporadically through the Middle Stone Age of Africa, leaving unclear the major factors shaping the evolution of human behaviour. Here we present evidence for a novel suite of adaptations in the arid Knersvlake region of southern Africa that were deployed during a specific set of environmental conditions dating 90-80 000 years before present, at the archaeological site Varsche Rivier 003 (VR003). This includes the earliest production of artefacts from ostrich eggshell, long-distance transportation of economic marine molluscs, and stone tool technologies focussed on manufacture of small flakes and blades from deliberately heat fractured blocks of silcrete. Similar evidence is absent from coeval assemblages at sites in less arid areas immediately to the south, and subsequently disappears from VR003 with the onset of more humid conditions. The results indicate complex cultural dynamics in southern Africa during the Middle Stone Age, and suggest that marginal subsistence conditions fostered distinctive technological and subsistence innovations.
Elemental signatures of Australopithecus africanus teeth reveal seasonal dietary stress
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-07-2019
Invasion, Retaliation, Concealment and Silences at Dead Man's Flat, South Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-06-2021
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Univerity Of Cambridge
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