ORCID Profile
0000-0002-0344-2707
Current Organisation
RMIT University
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Civil engineering | Civil Engineering | Structural engineering | Civil Geotechnical Engineering | Infrastructure engineering and asset management | Interdisciplinary Engineering not elsewhere classified | Civil geotechnical engineering
Urban and Industrial Land Management | Residential Construction Design |
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 11-10-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-10-2021
DOI: 10.3390/APP112110144
Abstract: Reliable bond of steel fiber in concrete is a key problem relating to the reinforcing effect of steel fiber on concrete matrix and for the guide in significance for the optimal design of the geometry and mechanical properties of steel fiber. In this paper, on the basis of multi-indices of evaluation for the bond properties of single hooked-end steel fiber, the indices for the evaluation of synergistic bond properties of different deformed steel fibers are proposed. The pull-out tests were carried out for different deformed steel fibers embedded in mortar wet-sieved from self-compacting SFRC with manufactured sand. Fourteen types of steel fibers were used, including six hooked-end, two crimped, four indentation, one milling, and one large-end. The bond strength, bond energy, and bond toughness of single and per unit weight steel fiber were evaluated with the correspondence to the loading status of cracking resistance, normal serviceability, and ultimate bearing capacity of concrete. Results show that the deformed steel fibers presented different bond behaviors, hooked-end, and crimped steel fibers with circular cross-sections and a tensile strength of higher than 1150 MPa have excellent effects of strengthening, energy dissipation, and toughening capacity on self-compacting concrete with a cubic compressive strength of 60 MPa at normal serviceability and ultimate bearing capacity. Indentation, milling, and large-end steel fibers are more suitable for reinforcing the concrete strength due to the rigid bond before concrete cracking. The synergistic working of steel fibers with concrete matrix should be concerned to realize the effects of only or simultaneously reinforcing the strength and toughness of concrete.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-06-2017
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 02-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-05-2023
DOI: 10.3390/MA16103666
Abstract: Remote-pumped concrete for infrastructure construction is a key innovation of the mechanized and intelligent construction technology. This has brought steel-fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) into undergoing various developments, from conventional flowability to high pumpability with low-carbon features. In this regard, an experimental study on the mixing proportion design and the pumpability and mechanical properties of SFRC was conducted for remote pumping. Using the absolute volume method based on the steel-fiber-aggregate skeleton packing test, the water dosage and the sand ratio were adjusted with an experimental study on reference concrete with the premise of varying the volume fraction of steel fiber from 0.4% to 1.2%. The test results of the pumpability of fresh SFRC indicated that the pressure bleeding rate and the static segregation rate were not the controlling indices due to the fact that they were far below the limits of the specifications, and the slump flowability fitted for remote-pumping construction was verified by a lab pumping test. Although the rheological properties of the SFRC charactered by the yield stress and the plastic viscosity increased with the volume fraction of steel fiber, those of mortar used as a lubricating layer during the pumping was almost constant. The cubic compressive strength of the SFRC had a tendency to increase with the volume fraction of steel fiber. The reinforcement effect of steel fiber on the splitting tensile strength of the SFRC was similar to the specifications, while its effect on the flexural strength was higher than the specifications due to the special feature of steel fibers distributed along the longitudinal direction of the beam specimens. The SFRC had excellent impact resistance with an increased volume fraction of steel fiber and presented acceptable water impermeability.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-01-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-02-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-07-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-08-2017
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 11-2002
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-03-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10706-023-02400-0
Abstract: The influence of trees on residential footings constructed on expansive soils has long been a concern of geotechnical engineers since the invasive tree root could exert suction forces on the soil surrounding them and extract a considerable amount of water depending on seasonality, leading to significant shrinkage settlement and the subsequent foundation failure. In this study, a Eucalypt, Corymbia maculata , planted in an expansive clay site in Melbourne, Australia, was closely monitored for 44 months to assess tree-induced soil moisture patterns and ground movement. Monthly tree water use was measured using a sap flow sensor over 12 months. The results show that the tree consumed 53 kL of water annually, with the highest water demand of 5.9 kL in December and the lowest monthly water use of 2.7 kL in June. The soil suction and moisture content profiles reveal that the desiccating effect of tree roots extended to 3 m depth, while the ground movement data shows a significant shrinkage settlement at a distance equal to half the tree height ( HT ). A parametric study was also carried out to examine the influence of various parameters on footing design for the effect of trees and the consequent construction cost. It was found that homeowners could save a construction cost of about 32% if the footing is built at a distance of 0.6 HT from the tree compared to the cost for a footing constructed at a distance less than or equal to 0.5 HT .
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.243-249.5894
Abstract: Tensegrity structures are of interest to architecture and engineering as a practical means to explore lightweight and rapidly deployable modular structures that have a high degree of geometric freedom and formal potency. The notion of tensegrity structures with 3D ‘compressed’ components is accreted by authors in 2009 [1]. This extended class of tensegrity overcomes some of the difficulties of typically ones by providing increased rigidity and more controlled structural behaviour. These two characteristics make 3D compression member tensegrity structures more suitable for practical use in building instant stand up structures. In this paper, the Authors introduce a method to create instant built structures with 3D Compression Members including the modules creation, digital form finding and assembling procedures. Exmple of a speculative design for a footbridge and a high rise building is demonstrated.
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMM.368-370.1591
Abstract: In Australia, the distortions of light structures in expansive soil are widely reported, often such damages are due to the soil settlement caused by expansive soil swelling and shrinkage. Expansive soil covers large areas of land in this country and its behavior is complicated. Generally the expansive soil behavior is closely related with the water content. This paper gives a preliminary discussion of soil-water interaction in expansive soil in three aspects: effective stress, soil suction profile and soil water characteristic curve (SWCC). Hopefully the investigation can help making the engineering guideline in real construction.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 09-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-09-2023
DOI: 10.3390/MA16186073
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-05-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-05-2018
DOI: 10.1111/TPJ.13938
Abstract: Drought is the most serious abiotic stress, and causes crop losses on a worldwide scale. The present study identified a previously unknown microRNA (designated as hvu-miRX) of 21 nucleotides (nt) in length in barley. Its precursor (designated pre-miRX) and primary transcript (designated pri-miRX) were also identified, with lengths of 73 and 559 nt, respectively. The identified upstream sequence of pri-miRX contained both the TATA box and the CAAT box, which are both required for initiation of transcription. Transient promoter activation assays showed that the core promoter region of pri-miRX ranged 500 nt from the transcription start site. In transgenic barley overexpression of the wheat DREB3 transcription factor (TaDREB3) caused hvu-miRX to be highly expressed as compared with the same miRNA in non-transgenic barley. However, the high expression was not directly associated with TaDREB3. Genomic analysis revealed that the hvu-miRX gene was a single copy located on the short arm of chromosome 2 and appeared to be only conserved in Triticeae, but not in other plant species. Notably, transgenic barley that overexpressed hvu-miRX showed drought tolerance. Degradome library analysis and other tests showed that hvu-miRX targeted various genes including transcription factors via the cleavage mode. Our data provides an excellent opportunity to develop drought stress tolerant cereals using hvu-miRX.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2010
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 2020
Abstract: This study presents a novel and simple morphology approach to generate two-dimensional air–water distribution in porous media considering Or and Tuller’s cavitation mechanism (published in 2002). The connectedness condition for the nonwetting phase is replaced by the Laplace equation. An algorithm is developed to detect the ruptured water spaces that are incorrectly formed in the throat by the morphology approach, but cannot exist in a real thermodynamic equilibrium system. The distributions of soil moisture, water retention curve, and air–liquid interface area at different saturations predicted by this method are in a good quantitative agreement with the experimental observations on glass beads and Ottawa sand from micro X-raycomputed tomography (microXCT). Compared to Lu et al.’s Monte Carlo lattice-gas approach (published in 2010), another computational method to generate the soil moisture distribution, the proposed approach provides better results with significantly less computational power.
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 07-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-11-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-07-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/KEM.789.69
Abstract: Steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) is developed traditionally from ordinary concreteadmixed with randomly distributed steel fibers. The matrix of SFRC is always formed by adjustingthe mix proportion used for the ordinary concrete, which plays the role of controlling the properties ofSFRC. In this paper, the mix proportion of self-compacting concrete (SCC) compared with vibrationcompacted concrete (VCC) is statistically analyzed. A predictive formula for water-binder ratio isproposed in relation to the designed compressive strength of SCC and the cement strength affected bymineral admixtures. It is expected to provide reference for the mix proportion design for flowing andhigh-flowing SFRC.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-02-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.PLANTSCI.2022.111194
Abstract: Sap flow, the transport of fluid in the water-conducting xylem tissues of plants, is commonly measured in studies of plant-water relationships by the heat pulse velocity method. Publications have been rare of long-term sap flow measurements for in idual trees in a suburban environment. Plant-water relations in urban settings are essential for promoting urban greening where there is a perceived danger to infrastructure and buildings from planting trees in streets on clay sites. The function of residential houses built on reactive clays can be significantly impaired and walls of buildings cracked if considerable amounts of water are extracted from the soil by the root system of a tree or a group of trees in close proximity, leading to localised soil shrinkage settlement. This part of the wider study aimed to monitor sap flow of eight in idual Australian native trees from two species using the heat ratio method (HRM) in the field over 12 months. The analysis of monthly sap flow volume showed a similar pattern for all monitored trees, although daily water demand varied substantially. Methods for estimating tree leaf surface area, crown shape and crown volume were investigated and the equation for calculating thermal diffusivity (k) and sap flow velocity on the basis of the HRM was reviewed. It has been proposed that k may vary substantially depending on how thermal conductivity (K) is estimated, which could lead to significant discrepancies for estimations of plant transpiration. Two K models (K
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-02-2021
Abstract: Due to the mechanical properties related closely to the distribution of steel fibers in concrete matrix, the assessment of tensile strength of self-compacting steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) is significant for the engineering application. In this paper, seven groups of self-compacting SFRC were produced with the mix proportion designed by using the steel fiber-aggregates skeleton packing test method. The hooked-end steel fibers with length of 25.1 mm, 29.8 mm and 34.8 mm were used, and the volume fraction varied from 0.4% to 1.4%. The axial tensile test of notched sectional prism specimen and the splitting tensile test of cube specimen were carried out. Results show that the axial tensile strength was higher than the splitting tensile strength for the same self-compacting SFRC, the axial tensile work and toughness was not related to the length of steel fiber. Finally, the equations for the prediction of tensile strength of self-compacting SFRC are proposed considering the fiber distribution and fiber factor, and the adaptability of splitting tensile test for self-compacting SFRC is discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 14-05-2010
DOI: 10.1061/41106(379)43
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-03-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-02-2021
DOI: 10.3390/MA14051107
Abstract: To determine the validity of steel fiber reinforced expanded-shale lightweight concrete (SFRELC) applied in structures, the shear behavior of SFRELC structural components needs to be understood. In this paper, four-point bending tests were carried out on reinforced SFRELC beams with stirrups and a varying volume fraction of steel fiber from 0.4% to 1.6%. The shear cracking force, shear crack width and distribution pattern, mid-span deflection, and failure modes of test beams were recorded. Results indicate that the shear failure modes of reinforced SFRELC beams with stirrups were modified from brittle to ductile and could be transferred to the flexure mode with the increasing volume fraction of steel fiber. The coupling of steel fibers with stirrups contributed to the shear cracking force and the shear capacity provided by the SFRELC, and it improved the distribution of shear cracks. At the limit loading level of beams in building structures at serviceability, the maximum width of shear cracks could be controlled within 0.3 mm and 0.2 mm with the volume fraction of steel fiber increased from 0.4% to 0.8%. Finally, the formulas are proposed for the prediction of shear-cracking force, shear crack width, and shear capacity of reinforced SFRELC beams with stirrups.
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 05-2018
Abstract: The ultimate shear strength at the interface between the soil nail and surrounding soil is of practical importance in the design and performance of a soil nail system. The most commonly adopted method of measuring this interface shear strength is by soil nail pullout testing. This study introduces a novel soil nail system in the form of a screw nail and compares its performance with a conventional grouted soil nail. Both types of soil nails are tested in a controlled laboratory setting using residual soil in a large purpose-made pullout box. The development of the screw nail and the laboratory testing procedures are briefly discussed first, followed by presentation and discussion of the results of the interface shear behaviour measured from pullout tests. It is shown that the screw nail offers many advantages in terms of pullout load–displacement behaviour and the interface shear mechanism than that of the conventional grouted soil nail.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Publisher: Thomas Telford Ltd.
Date: 10-2017
Abstract: In this study, the effects of the mix flowability on the steel fibre distribution patterns and mechanical properties of steel-fibre-reinforced concrete (SFRC) were investigated. Slump ranging from 80 mm to 200 mm was employed as the parameter to reflect the flowability of SFRC. The results showed that an increase of flowability had no influence on the orientation of steel fibres and led to a decrease of sectional uniformity. Steel fibres orientated in the longitudinal direction of higher-flowability SFRC tended to precipitate toward the bottom layer of the specimens. This resulted in much better flexural performance, including flexural toughness and fracture energy. Analysis of the data suggested that instead of studying the whole cross-section, the distribution rate and distribution coefficient of steel fibres in the tensile zone of specimens should be considered as the main factor determining flexural performance of SFRC. Calculations for bending stiffness and flexural stress based on the distribution rate of high-flowability SFRC are recommended. Moreover, owing to the layering effect of steel fibres, traditional test methods were identified as being unsuitable for determining the mechanical properties of SFRC, indicating that further investigation is required.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-05-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 11-2019
Abstract: Hydromechanical behaviour of an unsaturated silt with various suctions and different overconsolidated ratios (OCRs) was investigated through a series of undrained triaxial tests (constant water contents, CW). All the s les were prepared from the slurry state. Different OCRs (= 1, 2, 4, and 8 in net stress) were achieved by unloading the s les to 400, 200, 100, and 50 kPa from an initial confining net pressure of 400 kPa. Then the s les were dried to various suctions (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kPa). Unsaturated s les with different OCRs were then sheared at CW conditions following the conventional triaxial compression (CTC) paths. Full hydromechanical responses including the changes in deviator stress, stress ratio, volumetric strain, suction, and degree of saturation with axial strain were monitored and are presented in this paper. Some key findings include (i) the critical state for unsaturated soils with different OCRs can be well defined by Bishop’s effective stress (ii) the peak strength in Bishop’s effective stress increases with increase of OCR, but decreases with increase of suction in the undrained condition and (iii) the volume change of unsaturated soils in undrained conditions is related to OCRs and the volume of pore air.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-04-2020
DOI: 10.3390/MA13071711
Abstract: This paper is the outcome of experiments on the shear performance of reinforced concrete beams with approved composite-recycled aggregates. The strength grade of composite-recycled aggregate concrete (CRAC) was between 30 MPa and 60 MPa. The shear span-to-depth ratio varied from 1 to 3. The adaptability of HRB400 rebar, with critical yield strength of 400 MPa, used as stirrups was also verified. As the composite technology overcame the shortcomings of recycled coarse aggregate, CRAC had similar mechanical properties with those of conventional concrete. Details on the shear behaviors of test beams under a four-point loading test are presented. The results indicated that the changes of CRAC strain, stirrup strain, and shear-crack width depended on the failure patterns, which are controlled by the shear-span to depth ratio. The stirrups yield at the failure of reinforced CRAC beams. The shear cracking resistance and the shear capacity of reinforced CRAC beams can be predicted by the statistical equations. Based on the design codes GB50010, ACI318-19, Model Code 2010 and DIN-1045-1-2008 for conventional reinforced concrete beams, the shear strengths provided by CRAC and stirrups are statistical analyzed. The rationality of the design equations is examined by the utilization level of shear strength provided by CRAC. The maximum shear-crack widths are extracted from the test data of reinforced CRAC beams at normal service state. Comparatively, by specifying the lower limit of shear strength provided by the CRAC with various shear-span to depth ratios, China code GB50010 gives a rational method for utilizing CRAC. Under the premise that the design of shear capacity would give considerations to meet the normal serviceability, the factored strength of HRB400 rebar should be 360 MPa for the calculation of shear strength provided by stirrups. The design methods in codes of GB50010, ACI318-19 and Model Code 2010 are conservative for the shear capacity of reinforced CRAC beams.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
Date: 2023
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 13-03-2019
DOI: 10.1155/2019/1062347
Abstract: There are many uncertainties with respect to the assessment of slope stability, and those associated with soil properties should be given particular attention. The uncertainty theory provides an alternative to treat these uncertainties using parochial cognitive sources. A novel methodology is proposed to evaluate the stability of slopes based on an uncertain set. The soil properties involved in the deterministic methods, i.e., shear strength parameters and unit weight, are expressed as uncertain sets, and their membership functions can be assumed to be triangular or trapezoidal for a homogeneous or two-layered slope, respectively. The parameter values of membership functions are designed according to the means and variations of the soil properties, and then the expected safety factor can be calculated through the operational laws. Two numerical ex les including a homogeneous slope and a two-layered slope illustrate the suitability of the proposed methodology. The relationship between the variation in the safety factor and the changes in the soil properties is investigated moreover, the determination of the parameter values of membership is also discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMM.444-445.1672
Abstract: The current manner in which engineering data, especially the structural details of buildings and infrastructure, is managed is highly inefficient and leads to a wide variety of unnecessary costs and risks. The revolution in Building Information Modelling (BIM) has given designers the ability to perform useful technical analysis on lifelike models and representations of a future structure. Consequently, the quantity of information being produced for a typical project, and the cost of producing that information, has increased substantially. This is driving a shift towards better systems of data storage and sharing. It is the contention of this report to demonstrate that structural design is a process which can be largely ided, automated, and outsourced. The conclusion reached is that a Building Information Model, when linked with a Geographical Information System (GIS), could provide enough information to conduct the entire design process. It is upon this basis that a radical new system for the post-construction storage and sharing of BIM is proposed.
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 17-03-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-07-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-12-2021
Abstract: The measurement of sap movement in xylem sapwood tissue using heat pulse velocity sap flow instruments has been commonly used to estimate plant transpiration. In this study, sap flow sensors (SFM1) based on the heat ratio method (HRM) were used to assess the sap flow performance of three different tree species located in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne, Australia over a 12-month period. A soil moisture budget profile featuring potential evapotranspiration and precipitation was developed to indicate soil moisture balance while the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum was examined at the study site using data obtained from different monitoring instruments. The comparison of sap flow volume for the three species clearly showed that the water demand of Corymbia maculata was the highest when compared to Melaleuca styphelioides and Lophostemon confertus and the daily sap flow volume on the north side of the tree on average was 63% greater than that of the south side. By analysing the optimal temperature and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) for transpiration for all s led trees, it was concluded that the Melaleuca styphelioides could better cope with hotter and drier weather conditions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-01-2016
DOI: 10.1111/RODE.12207
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-12-2023
DOI: 10.3390/MA16010149
Abstract: The utilization of sustainable cement replacement materials in concrete can control the emission of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases in the construction industry, thus contributing significantly to the environment, society, and the global economy. Various types of sustainable concrete including geopolymer concrete are tested for their efficacy for construction in laboratories. However, the performance and longevity of sustainable concrete for civil engineering applications in corrosive environments are still debatable. This paper aims to investigate the performance of the reinforced geopolymer (GPC) and foam concretes (FC) against corrosive chloride exposure. Two long term key parameters, i.e., corrosion rate and mechanical performance of reinforcing steel in geopolymer and foam concrete were assessed to evaluate their performance against chloride attack. For experiments, reinforced GPC and FC specimens, each admixed with 3 and 5% chlorides, were kept at varying temperatures and humidity levels in the environmental chambers. The corrosion rates of the reinforced geopolymer and foam concrete specimens were also compared with control specimens after 803 days and the tensile strength of the corroded reinforcing steel was also determined. Moreover, the long term efficacy of repaired patches (810 days), in a chloride-rich surrounding environment utilizing FC and GPC, was investigated. The results suggested greater performance of FC compared to GPC under standard environmental conditions. However, the simulated patch repair with GPC showed better resistance against chloride attack compared to FC. The research also undertook the fractographical examination of the surfaces of the reinforcement exposed to 5% admixed chloride and develops models for the corrosion rates of foam concrete as a function of the corrosion rates of geopolymer concrete and chloride content. A correlation model for the corrosion rates of FC and GPC was also developed. The findings of the current research and the model developed are novel and contribute to the knowledge of long term degradation science of geopolymers and form concrete materials. Furthermore, the findings and methodology of the current research have practical significance in the construction and repair industry for determining the remaining service life for any reinforced and steel infrastructure.
Publisher: Thomas Telford Ltd.
Date: 05-2020
Abstract: In this paper, a series of consolidated undrained triaxial tests, considering four confining pressures (i.e. 50, 100, 200 and 400 kPa), have been performed to investigate the effects of zeolite on the triaxial behaviour of cemented sands. The cement was added to the sand at 4 and 8% (dry weight). Also, natural zeolite was used as an additive to the mixture, and added at 0 and 30% (optimum) by weight of cement. On the basis of the results, it was indicated that the inclusion of zeolite led to increasing the shear strength and peak axial stress. Moreover, the elastic modulus of specimens increased by increasing the cement content as well as the addition of zeolite. Finally, it has been shown that the initial stiffness and peak strength improved by increasing the cement content.
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMM.330.1090
Abstract: Construction on problematic and soft soils has always been considered a challenging task by the geotechnical engineers. Such soils can be treated with traditional lime and cement stabilization. However in some cases using geogrid reinforced lime and cement treated materials can be very effective, especially in case of seismic or dynamic loads. In this research, a series of laboratory testing has been carried out to investigate mechanical properties of lime and cement treated granular materials with and without geogrid reinforcing layers. The results of the unconfined compressive tests show that geogrid reinforcement improves the ductility of the treated materials. However, it would not develop the compressive strength in many of used mix Designs. The investigations reveal that the mix design for lime and cement treatment must be selected accurately by considering the natural beds conditions to achieve the best possible results from stabilization procedure.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: ASTM International
Date: 19-06-2020
DOI: 10.1520/GTJ20190278
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 04-2013
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.681.276
Abstract: Finite element modeling of stabilized soils requires various data obtained from comprehensive laboratory experiments. High shear strengths and expensive test procedure of lime and cement stabilized soils almost make it impossible to attain a well describing data of stabilized materials to apply in FE models in some cases Thus, this study has considered unconfined compressive strength as a not expensive laboratory strength test and utilized estimating functions presented recently for stabilized materials to evaluate the shear strength parameters of treated materials to be used in computer simulations. The estimated properties were applied in FE modeling to verify which estimating function is more appropriate for lime and cement treated granular soils. The study results show that at the mid-range strength of stabilized soils most of applied functions have a good compatibility with laboratory conditions but at lower or higher strengths some of functions would excel.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/SR02054
Abstract: The neutron probe is a tool employed for the measurement of water content in a soil mass. The presence of a gap between the soil and the neutron probe access tube, filled with either air or water, inevitably introduces a systematic error in neutron probe readings. In this study, experimental investigations and numerical analyses were carried out to evaluate the effects of this gap on neutron probe calibration. The numerical model was developed based on the multigroup neutron diffusion equations and the finite element method. The experiments were conducted in a heavy clay soil. The results show that an air gap of 2.5–30 mm between the soil and a 50-mm-diameter aluminium tube could lead to an underestimation of soil water content by 5–45%, but significant underestimation was apparent for air gaps mm. It is also found that the neutron count is significantly overestimated if the gap around the access tube is filled with water rather than air, but this effect is most significant for larger gaps. The results of this research clearly indicate that a gap between the neutron probe access tube and the soil profile should be avoided during field installation, and that if a gap between the access tube and soil develops during service, a systematic error will be introduced into measurements.
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.255-260.3042
Abstract: Tree-root drying can reduce the water content of a soil in a significant manner and cause foundation settlement in expansive soil. Distortions of lightly loaded structures caused by tree root absorption are often observed in areas of expansive soil. Interest in numerical modeling of the influence of trees on soil shrinkage settlements has intensified recently. Nevertheless, no prescriptive method is given to describe the parameters and conditions in a tree-root-soil-water interaction model. In this paper, a general description of the factors involved in a tree root-absorption model is discussed. The estimation of transpiration, rainfall, evaporation and root distribution is provided. Flow equation and constitutive equation are also explored to describe the soil water interactions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-02-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 14-05-2010
DOI: 10.1061/41103(376)15
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 16-03-2020
DOI: 10.1155/2020/5190580
Abstract: Designing the geometry of soil slope is an effective treatment for preventing slope failure. How to deal with the uncertainties involved in soil parameters in geotechnical design is a main concern of geotechnical engineers. In this study, a robust geotechnical design for soil slopes (RGDS) approach was proposed, in which the Uncertainty Theory was introduced to describe explicitly the uncertainties involved in soil parameters. The uncertain reliability is often used to describe the risk of slope failure. The design robustness describing the insensitivity between the variation in the system response and the variation of input uncertain soil parameters was evaluated by the signal-to-noise ratio. The objectives of this design are to maximize the design robustness, minimize the excavation cost, and guarantee the safety (maximize the uncertain reliability). Therefore, the RGDS was formulated as a multiobjective optimization, and the optimal design can be determined based on the concepts of Pareto front and knee point. The proposed RGDS approach was illustrated through a numerical case of a two-layer slope design. The numerical results indicate that the RGDS approach is not only more intuitive and easier to follow but also more computationally efficient.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-03-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 17-03-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-09-2023
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 07-2023
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 17-03-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Publisher: Thomas Telford Ltd.
Date: 12-2018
Abstract: On the basis of Fredlund & Xing's equation, this paper presents a new water-retention equation that takes into account the effect of initial dry density on the water-retention behaviour. Besides, a new strength equation is proposed to predict the shear strength of unsaturated soils under different stress states based on the proposed water-retention equation. The comparisons between measured and predicted shear strengths of unsaturated soils are employed to validate the proposed strength equation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-07-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10706-023-02566-7
Abstract: The impact of climate change on building performance is anticipated to be significant, affecting both present and future constructions on clay soils. In Australia, the Thornthwaite Moisture Index (TMI) is widely used to classify climate zones and determine the characteristic ground movement for designing residential footings. However, the existing TMI map provided by the Australian Standard AS2870 for Victoria, Australia, is based on meteorological data from 1940 to 1960, an outdated and thus potentially insufficient basis for current and future climate scenarios. To address this challenge, the study endeavours to develop an updated TMI map using weather data over a 20-year period (1994–2013) with predictions for 2030 and 2070 based on climate models to visualize climate zone changes. The updated TMI map shows significant changes in climate zones and suggests that current footing designs may be inadequate for future weather conditions. A case study was conducted to evaluate the influence of climate change on footing size and construction material cost. The findings indicate that the footing constructed in 1992 is inadequate for the projected climatic conditions of 2070. Coping with such severe weather scenarios necessitates larger footing sizes and upgrading steel reinforcements, raising the material cost by approximately 111%.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2018.04.062
Abstract: The low-carbon footprint of using recycled construction and demolition (C&D) aggregates in civil engineering infrastructure applications has been considered to be a significant solution for the replacement of conventional pavement aggregates. Investigations regarding the use of crumb rubber in the base and subbase layers of pavement have been well documented. However, information on the effects of crumb rubber and its size within C&D aggregates as the base/subbase layers is still very limited. In this study, crumb rubber with particle sizes ranging from 400 to 600 μm (fine) to 10-15 mm (coarse), 20 mm recycled crushed concrete (RCC), and 20 mm crushed rock (CR) were used. The crumb rubber was added to the two groups of C&D aggregates at 0.5, 1 and 2% by weight percentages of the aggregates. The effect of crumb rubber on the mechanical properties (such as California bearing ratio, unconfined compressive strength, aggregate crushing value, dynamic lightweight cone penetrometer, Clegg impact value, Los Angeles abrasion values, and resilient modulus) of the C&D aggregates was then examined. Based on the experimental test results, it was found that crumb rubber can be recycled as a waste material for the base and subbase layers in the pavement.
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMM.438-439.593
Abstract: Expansive soils in semi-arid regions are of great concern to design and geotechnical engineers. Damage to residential buildings resulting from expansive soil movements has been widely reported in Australia. This paper describes the current practice in Australia, which includes the site classification, laboratory tests and residential footing design. A case study of a residential house damaged by expansive soils is also presented.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-10-2021
DOI: 10.3390/SU132111825
Abstract: Glass-based goods are produced and consumed in relative abundance, making glass a material that is found in most households, thereby leading to its accumulation in alarming quantities throughout the globe and posing an environmental challenge. This being said, glass has been widely acknowledged to possess a variety of desirable physiochemical properties, making it suitable for utilisation as an engineering aggregate. The properties include its non-biodegradable nature, resistance to chemical attack, low water absorption, hydraulic conductivity, temperature-dependent ductility, alterable particle gradation, and its availability in a multitude of forms/chemical compositions. Owing to these properties, glass has been employed in a myriad of civil engineering studies and field trials to assess its efficacy as an engineering aggregate and to provide sustainable management schemes for waste glass. These studies/trials have incorporated glass in many forms, including fine recycled glass (FRG), medium recycled glass (MRG), coarse recycled glass (CRG), glass powder, glass fibres, foamed glass, and glass-based geopolymers. Although the beneficial properties of glass can be exploited in numerous engineering endeavours, this review paper focuses on the possible application of glass to subsurface layers of pavements. In turn, the current study centres on research studies/trials presenting results on the physicochemical, mechanical, and durability aspects of pavement layers (base, subbase, and subgrade) containing pure glass s les or glass as percentage replacements in materials, including but not limited to unbound granular materials (i.e., recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and crushed rock (CR)) and clay soils. Through the knowledge compiled in this review article, it is reasonable to state that glass shows solid potential as a road pavement material.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-02-2019
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-12-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MA16010048
Abstract: Portland cement porous concrete (PCPC) has received immense interest recently due to its environmental aids. Its porous structure helps to reduce the water runoff amount while improving the recharge of groundwater. Earlier studies have concentrated on illustrating and knowing the functional as well as structural properties of PCPC. However, very few studies are available on PCPC in combination with natural silica sources as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Most SCMs are by-products of industrial manufacturing processes and cause some environmental concerns, but with their pozzolanic effect, they could be utilized as partial substitute materials for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) to enhance the strength as well as durability performance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of diatomaceous earth (DE) as a supplementary cementitious material for partial substitution of OPC for Portland cement porous concrete application. Compression strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength tests were performed to determine the effect of partial replacement. To investigate the impact of test variables, basic tests, including void content and water permeability, were also performed. Compared to the control concrete, the results show that a 15% replacement of cement with DE significantly increased the compressive strength (by 53%) while also providing adequate porosity and better water permeability. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) and regression analysis showed that there is a significant (p 0.05) growth within the physical characteristics of concrete upon the replacement of cement by 15% DE. Collectively, the replacement of cement with DE could not only improve the concrete strength but also reduce the consumption of cement, thereby lessening the cost of construction as well as indirectly reducing the carbon footprint.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-08-2021
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.446-449.1918
Abstract: Constitutive modeling in unsaturated soil is always a big challenge in Geo-technique problems. Since Alonso et al suggested the Basic Barcelona Model (BBM) in 1990. Many researchers contribute works on constitutive models in last two decades. The SFG model presented by Sheng, Fredlund and Gens describes the mechanical and hydraulic behaviors of an unsaturated soil accurately. It is currently considered the most reasonable model for unsaturated soil. In this paper, the authors attempts to prove the volume change behavior in SFG model by two basic unsaturated soil experiments in testing two different soils. The experimental data and the fitting processes are provided.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-03-2022
DOI: 10.3390/SU14074136
Abstract: To provide sustainable reinforced concrete deep beams, the replacement of steel rebars by FRP rebars with high-chemical resistance is proposed by researchers. However, the effects of the concrete strength, top and web longitudinal reinforcements, and types of FRP flexural rebars on the non-linear performance of concrete deep beams have rarely been evaluated. This study numerically assessed the effects of the top and web longitudinal reinforcements and concrete strength on the non-linear behaviour of GFRP- and CFRP-strengthened concrete deep beams with various shear span-to-overall depth (a/h) ratios. As per the results, the highest tensile stress was obtained for the steel reinforcement, and the tensile stress in the CFRP reinforcement was more than that of the GFRP reinforcement under the failure load. Meanwhile, the results of high- and normal-strength concrete deep beams with the web reinforcement (16.4%) were lower than those without the web reinforcement (22.3%). Therefore, the web reinforcement moderately compensated for the low strength of normal concrete and the absence of the top longitudinal rebar to reinforce concrete deep beams in carrying the ultimate load. Furthermore, the participation of the GFRP reinforcement with the high-strength concrete was more than that with the normal-strength concrete in carrying a higher amount of loading.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-10-2023
DOI: 10.1002/NAG.3633
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date: 22-08-2017
DOI: 10.2174/1874149501711010685
Abstract: Full-recycled-aggregate concrete (aRAC) is a new concrete reusing 100% fine and coarse recycled aggregates produced from waste concrete of demolished concrete structures. As there is a lack of studies on the bond behavior between steel bar and aRAC, findings of this study are of significance for the structural application of aRAC. This paper presents the pull-out test results of 24 groups aRAC specimens with deformed steel bar, and discusses the effects of aRAC strength, bond length and lateral constructional stirrups on the bond behavior between deformed steel bar and aRAC. The bond stress and slip at key points of bond-slip curve are analyzed in relation to the tensile strength of aRAC and the bond length of steel bar. The bond-slip relationship between deformed steel bar and aRAC is proposed based on the test and analysis of this study.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-01-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-06-2020
DOI: 10.3390/MA13122833
Abstract: A scientific and concise mix design method is an impending problem in the engineering application of self-compacting steel-fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC). This paper focuses on the mix proportion of self-compacting SFRC, which is influenced by the steel fibers, along with its effects on the packing properties of the steel fiber aggregate skeleton. In total, 252 groups of packing tests were carried out for several main factors, including with various maximum particle sizes for the coarse aggregates, manufactured sand ratios ranging from 50% to 62%, and with different types of hooked-end steel fibers and crimped steel fibers, with volume fractions ranging from 0% to 2.0%. The results indicated that the void content and rational sand ratio of the steel fiber aggregate skeleton increased linearly with the fiber factor. These results provided a basis for the calculation of the binder content and rational sand ratio of the self-compacting SFRC. Combined with the absolute volume design method and the calculation formula for the water-to-binder ratio, a systematical procedure was proposed for the mix proportion design of the self-compacting SFRC. Based on the design method, eight groups of mixtures were cast and tested to verify the adaptability and practicability of the workability, air content, density, cubic compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength of the self-compacting SFRC. Meanwhile, the outcomes of this study confirmed the applicability of using manufactured sand as a complete replacement for natural sand for the self-compacting SFRC.
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 02-2017
Start Date: 11-2016
End Date: 04-2022
Amount: $220,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 07-2023
End Date: 06-2026
Amount: $470,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2023
End Date: 12-2027
Amount: $5,000,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity