ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9695-1921
Current Organisation
University of New South Wales
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Materials Engineering | Metals and Alloy Materials | Functional Materials | Synthesis of Materials | Biomaterials | Biomedical Engineering | Polymers and Plastics | Composite and Hybrid Materials |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Ceramics, Glass and Industrial Mineral Products not elsewhere classified | Basic Metal Products (incl. Smelting, Rolling, Drawing and Extruding) not elsewhere classified | Expanding Knowledge in Technology | Fabricated Metal Products not elsewhere classified
Related Links
Publications
Crack-Tip Toughness from Vickers Crack-Tip Opening Displacements for Materials with Strongly Rising R-Curves
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-02-2011
Assessment of creep damage models in the prediction of high-temperature creep behaviour of Alloy 617
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Linking structure to fragility in bulk metallic glass-forming liquids
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 04-05-2015
DOI: 10.1063/1.4919590
Abstract: Using in-situ synchrotron X-ray scattering, we show that the structural evolution of various bulk metallic glass-forming liquids can be quantitatively connected to their viscosity behavior in the supercooled liquid near Tg. The structural signature of fragility is identified as the temperature dependence of local dilatation on distinct key atomic length scales. A more fragile behavior results from a more pronounced thermally induced dilatation of the structure on a length scale of about 3 to 4 atomic diameters, coupled with shallower temperature dependence of structural changes in the nearest neighbor environment. These findings shed light on the structural origin of viscous slowdown during undercooling of bulk metallic glass-forming liquids and demonstrate the promise of predicting the properties of bulk metallic glasses from the atomic scale structure.
Mechanical performance of novel bioactive glass containing dental restorative composites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
Fracture and Ageing in Bone: Toughness and Structural Characterization
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-10-2006
Comments on “Measurement of the microstructural fracture toughness of cortical bone using indentation fracture”
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
Mechanical properties of suture materials in general and cutaneous surgery
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-07-2014
DOI: 10.1002/JBM.B.33171
Abstract: Comprehensive studies comparing tensile properties of sutures are over 25 years old and do not include recent advances in suture materials. Accordingly, the objective of this article is to investigate the tensile properties of commonly used sutures in cutaneous surgery. Thirteen 3-0 sized modern sutures (four nonabsorbable and nine absorbable) were tensile tested in both straight and knotted configurations according to the procedures outlined by the United States Pharmacopeia. Glycomer 631 was found to have the highest failure load (56.1 N) of unknotted absorbable sutures, while polyglyconate (34.2 N) and glycomer 631 (34.3 N) had the highest failure loads of knotted absorbable sutures. Nylon (30.9 N) and polypropylene (18.9 N) had the greatest failure loads of straight and knotted nonabsorbable sutures, respectively. Polydioxane was found to have the most elongation prior to breakage (144%) of absorbable sutures. Silk (8701 MPa) and rapid polyglactin 910 (9320 MPa) had the highest initial modulus of nonabsorbable and absorbable sutures, respectively. The new data presented in the study provide important information for guiding the selection of suture materials for specific surgeries.
Fracture and Fatigue Behavior at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures of Alumina Bonded with Copper/Niobium/Copper Interlayers
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2002
Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Nickel-base Superalloy Haynes 282 at 550-750 °C
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-07-2015
Structural periodicity in laser additive manufactured Zr-based bulk metallic glass
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-07-2019
DOI: 10.1063/1.5100050
Abstract: Additive manufacturing of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) allows for effective bypassing of critical casting thickness constraints for glassy alloys, opening up this exciting material class to new applications. An open question is how the laser processing of such materials affects the short-range structural order, a critical mediating parameter for glass deformation. Synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction was used to understand structural heterogeneity across the build-planes of a selective laser melted Zr-based BMG. While negligible macroscopic heterogeneity in the structure was observed over a 10 mm build height for the X-ray amorphous material, small periodic variations were observed on the order of 40–80 μm. This dimensional scale was rationalized as a consequence of melt-pool solidification from laser processing, which imparts a calculated local strain variation of ±0.1%. It is anticipated that this structural insight will help to rationalize microscale deformation effects from the periodic structural variation of selective laser melting produced BMGs.
Fatigue crack growth behavior of laser powder bed fusion additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V: Roles of post heat treatment and build orientation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
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Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 29-05-2014
Propagation of surface fatigue cracks in human cortical bone
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.JBIOMECH.2005.01.025
Abstract: An understanding of how fatigue cracks grow in bone is of importance as fatigue is thought to be the main cause of clinical stress fractures. This study presents new results on the fatigue-crack growth behavior of small surface cracks (approximately 75-1000 microm in size) in human cortical bone, and compares their growth rates with data from other published studies on the behavior of both surface cracks and many millimeter, through-thickness large cracks. Results are obtained with a cyclically loaded cantilever-beam geometry using optical microscopy to examine for crack growth after every 100-500 cycles. Based on the current and previous results, small fatigue cracks appear to become more resistant to fatigue-crack growth with crack extension, analogous to the way the fracture resistance of cortical bone increases with crack growth. Mechanistically, a theory attributing such behavior to the development of bridges in the wake of the crack with crack growth is presented. The existence of such bridges is directly confirmed using optical microscopy.
Effect of cooling protocol on mechanical properties and microstructure of dental veneering ceramics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.DENTAL.2019.07.011
Abstract: Understand how cooling protocols control the microstructure and mechanical properties of veneering porcelains. Two porcelain powders were selected, one used to veneer metallic frameworks (VM13) and one for zirconia frameworks (VM9). After the last firing cycle, the monolithic specimens were subjected to two cooling protocols: slow and fast. Flexural strength (FS) was evaluated by three-point beam bending and fracture toughness (K The mechanical properties were significantly (p<0.05) higher for the VM13 porcelain (FS=111.0MPa, K Controlled crystallization using slow cooling can be applied as a means of strengthening dental porcelains. However, the benefits of slow cooling may be partially offset by increasing the microcrack density in the glass matrix. To achieve the maximum benefit of slow cooling, it is recommending to develop heat treatments to produce porcelain with fine-grained and homogenously dispersed leucite crystals to achieve minimal glass matrix microcracking.
Fatigue crack growth behavior of a Zr–Ti–Cu–Ni–Be bulk metallic glass: Role of ambient air environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2010
Medium-range order dictates local hardness in bulk metallic glasses
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Mechanistic aspects of fracture and R-curve behavior in human cortical bone
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
Plastic strain gradients and transient fatigue crack growth: A computational study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
A direct comparison of non-destructive techniques for determining bridging stress distributions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2012
A highly efficient degradation mechanism of methyl orange using Fe-based metallic glass powders
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-02-2016
DOI: 10.1038/SREP21947
Abstract: A new Fe-based metallic glass with composition Fe 76 B 12 Si 9 Y 3 (at. %) is found to have extraordinary degradation efficiency towards methyl orange (MO, C 14 H 14 N 3 SO 3 ) in strong acidic and near neutral environments compared to crystalline zero-valent iron (ZVI) powders and other Fe-based metallic glasses. The influence of temperature (294–328 K) on the degradation reaction rate was measured using ball-milled metallic glass powders revealing a low thermal activation energy barrier of 22.6 kJ/mol. The excellent properties are mainly attributed to the heterogeneous structure consisting of local Fe-rich and Fe-poor atomic clusters, rather than the large specific surface and strong residual stress in the powders. The metallic glass powders can sustain almost unchanged degradation efficiency after 13 cycles at room temperature, while a drop in degradation efficiency with further cycles is attributed to visible surface oxidation. Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis conducted during the reaction was used to elucidate the underlying degradation mechanism. The present findings may provide a new, highly efficient and low cost commercial method for azo dye wastewater treatment.
Tensile and fatigue crack growth behavior of commercially pure titanium produced by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Assessment of modelling methodologies for prediction of high-temperature creep-fatigue behaviour of Alloy 617
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Kitagawa‐Takahashi diagrams define the limiting conditions for cyclic fatigue failure in human dentin
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-09-2006
DOI: 10.1002/JBM.A.30939
Abstract: As cyclic fatigue is considered to be a major cause of clinical tooth fractures, achieving a comprehensive understanding of the fatigue behavior of dentin is of importance. In this note, the fatigue behavior of human dentin is examined in the context of the Kitagawa-Takahashi diagram to define the limiting conditions for fatigue failure. Specifically, this approach incorporates two limiting threshold criteria for fatigue: (i) a threshold stress for fatigue failure, specifically the smooth-bar (unnotched) fatigue endurance strength, at small crack sizes and (ii) a threshold stress-intensity range for fatigue-crack growth at larger crack sizes. The approach provides a "bridge" between the traditional fatigue life and fracture mechanics based damage-tolerant approaches to fatigue-life estimation, and as such defines a "failure envelope" of applied stresses and flaw sizes where fatigue failure is likely in dentin This approach may also be applied to fatigue failure in human cortical bone (i.e. clinical "stress fractures"), which exhibits similar fatigue behavior characteristics, and in principle may aid clinicians in making quantitative evaluations of the risk of fractures in mineralized tissues.
Mapping the cyclic plastic zone to elucidate the mechanisms of crack tip deformation in bulk metallic glasses
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 20-02-2017
DOI: 10.1063/1.4977001
Abstract: Developing damage-tolerant bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) requires knowledge of the physical mechanisms governing crack propagation. While fractography suggests that fatigue crack propagation occurs in an incremental manner, conclusive evidence of alternating crack tip blunting and resharpening is lacking. By mapping the strain fields in both the monotonic and cyclic plastic zones, it is shown that the characteristic compressive stresses required to resharpen the crack tip are developed in a BMG upon unloading. This result confirms the mechanism of fatigue crack propagation in BMGs. Broader implications of these findings are that the effect of shear banding is rather diffuse and plastic deformation ahead of a stress concentration, such as a crack tip, appears to extend well beyond the extent of visible shear bands on the s le surface.
Assessment of the fatigue transformation zone in bulk metallic glasses using positron annihilation spectroscopy
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 05-2009
DOI: 10.1063/1.3120784
Abstract: Depth-profiled Doppler broadening spectroscopy of positron annihilation on fatigue fracture surfaces of two amorphous Zr44Ti11Ni10Cu10Be25 metallic glass specimens reveals the presence of a layer of increased free volume induced by cyclic deformation, as compared to surfaces that have been etched to remove any surface damage. The damage layer, or fatigue transformation zone (FTZ), is generated by the propagating fatigue crack tip and the deduced size of that zone is similar to the predicted cyclic plastic zone size at a number of locations where the crack grew at different stress intensities. The presence of the FTZ is independent of the initial amount of bulk free volume, which was varied between the two specimens by structural relaxation via annealing, and the free volume sites generated in the zone are distinct from those typical of the bulk, as evidenced by the higher S parameter. Such observations support the concept that the mechanically induced free volume within the FTZ zone controls the fatigue crack growth rates rather than the initial free volume of the bulk material.
Impact of test environment on the fracture resistance of cortical bone
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMBBM.2022.105155
Abstract: Water is a crucial component of bone, affecting the interplay of collagen and minerals and contributing to bone's high strength and ductility. Dehydration has been shown to significantly effect osseous mechanical properties however, studies comparing the effects of various dehydrating environments on fracture toughness of bone are scarce. Accordingly, the crack resistance curve (R-curve) behavior of human and sheep cortical bone was characterized in a bio-bath, in ambient pressure air, and in scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) under three different environmental conditions (water vapor pressure, air pressure, and high-vacuum). The aim of this work was to better understand the impact of test environment on both intrinsic and extrinsic toughening and hence crack initiation toughness, K
The roles of yield strength mismatch, interface strength, and plastic strain gradients in fatigue crack growth across interfaces
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Molten salt corrosion (FLiNaK) of a Ni–Mo–Cr alloy and its welds for application in energy-generation and energy-storage systems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Ni-Nb-P-based bulk glass-forming alloys: Superior material properties combined in one alloy family
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Laser power modulated microstructure evolution, phase transformation and mechanical properties in NiTi fabricated by laser powder bed fusion
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
A machine learning method to quantitatively predict alpha phase morphology in additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-10-2023
The effect of microstructure and welding-induced plasticity on the strength of Ni–Mo–Cr alloy welds
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
A discrete element method representation of an anisotropic elastic continuum
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Determining Worst-Case Fatigue Thresholds for Grain-Bridging Ceramics
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Date: 30-09-2013
Simple and accurate fracture toughness testing methods for pyrolytic carbon/graphite composites used in heart‐valve prostheses
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-06-2005
DOI: 10.1002/JBM.A.30380
Abstract: The fracture toughness is a critical material property for the pyrolytic carbon materials used in mechanical heart-valve prostheses however, making accurate toughness measurements has traditionally been problematic due to difficulties in fatigue precracking specimens. In this work, a simple, effective, and reliable precracking method is presented where a sharp precrack is "popped in" from a razor micronotch, which allows significant savings of time and materials relative to fatigue precracking methods. It is further shown that equivalent results may be obtained using razor micronotched specimens directly without precracking, provided the notch is sufficiently sharp. Indeed, mean toughness values of 1.46+/-0.13 and 1.35+/-0.09 MPa radicalm were obtained for the pyrolytic carbon-coated graphite materials, using precracked and razor micronotched specimens, respectively. The difference between these mean values proved to be statistically insignificant, and these values are in general agreement with published fracture toughness results obtained using fatigue precracked specimens.
A Novel Multinary Intermetallic as an Active Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-04-2020
Dedication to Degradation: The Beauty of Materials Designed to Lay in Ruin
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-02-2014
The effect of low-temperature structural relaxation on free volume and chemical short-range ordering in a Au49Cu26.9Si16.3Ag5.5Pd2.3 bulk metallic glass
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
Mechanisms of toughening in silicon nitrides: The roles of crack bridging and microstructure
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
Additive manufacturing of crack-free Al-alloy with coarsening-resistant τ1-CeAlSi strengthening phase
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Machine-Learning Assisted Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Optimization for AlSi10mg: New Microstructure Description Indices and Fracture Mechanisms
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3681162
Stress engineering of boron doped diamond thin films via micro-fabrication
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 06-2021
DOI: 10.1063/5.0051196
Abstract: In this paper, a novel approach is presented to tailor the stress properties of diamond thin films via boron doping and micro-fabrication of bridges using focused ion beam milling. The experimental data, based on detailed confocal micro-Raman investigations, are supported and interpreted through finite element method calculations of the stress distribution at mechanical equilibrium. These results indicate that appropriate design of microbridge geometries, together with boron doping, would allow the material stress to be largely enhanced or diminished compared to non-patterned thin films. Our approach, together with a deterministic incorporation and positioning of diamond color centers, may open novel opportunities to tailor the optical and spin properties of diamond-based quantum devices through stress engineering.
R-curve behavior and toughening mechanisms of resin-based dental composites: Effects of hydration and post-cure heat treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.DENTAL.2008.12.004
Abstract: To test the hypothesis that the fracture resistance of two different particulate resin composites degrade after water hydration and improve after post-cure heat treatment, and to correlate those changes with salient failure micromechanisms. Two composites with different filler morphology were selected, denoted microhybrid (Filtek Z250) and nanofill (Filtek Supreme plus). Following initial light curing, hydrated s les were aged in water for 60 days at room temperature while post-cured s les were heat treated at 120 degrees C for 90 min. Fracture resistance was assessed using fracture resistance curves (R-curves) utilizing pre-cracked compact tension, C(T), specimens. The flexural strength of the hydrated composites also was evaluated in four-point bending using unnotched beams. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of crack paths and fracture surfaces was performed to determine the micromechanisms of fracture and toughening. The results were compared by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test (p< or =0.05). SEM observations revealed a predominantly interparticle matrix crack path for all cases except the hydrated nanofill composite, which showed evidence of particle matrix debonding. Hydration lowered the strength for both composites and the peak toughness for the nanofill composite. The strength decrease was attributed to resin matrix plasticization and hydrolytic degradation in both cases, with additional interfacial degradation causing a larger strength decline and concomitant peak toughness decrease in the nanofill composite. The post-cure heat treatment noticeably changed the R-curve shape causing the peak toughness to be reached after shorter amounts of crack extension. Such changes help explain the increases in strength reported in other studies and is attributed to improved resin matrix properties. Results from this study provide new insight into the micromechanisms of fracture in resin-based dental composites which should aid the future development and improvement of these materials.
Mechanical properties of commercially available nylon sutures in the United States
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-01-2016
DOI: 10.1002/JBM.B.33600
Abstract: Surgeons can choose from a wide selection of commercially available suture brands, which come at a range of prices. There is currently limited evidence in the literature to guide this selection process. This investigation examined the breaking force, stress, and elongation of a variety of commercially available nylon sutures compared to their relative prices. Seven 5-0, nonabsorbable, nylon suture brands were tensile tested in straight, knotted and knot-security configurations according to the procedures outlined by the United States Pharmacopeia for the tensile testing of sutures. Covidien, the cheapest brand tested, had the highest failure load of straight and knot-security tests. Dafilon was found to have the highest breaking force and percent elongation of knot-pull tests. J&J Ethicon and Supramid had the highest percent elongation to failure for straight-pull and knot-security tests, respectively. This study was limited to specific in vitro tensile properties of nylon suture. Other factors affecting suture quality and price, such as needle properties, were not investigated. The data presented in the study provide information for guiding the selection and purchase of sutures according to tensile properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 815-819, 2017.
Effects of Inclusions in HSLA Carbon Steel on Pitting Corrosion in CaCl2
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 11-10-2011
DOI: 10.1149/1.3641285
Abstract: Susceptibility of high strength low alloy steel to localized corrosion was studied in 6.7 M CaCl2 for oil and natural gas drilling applications. Results of the immersion and electrochemical experiments showed that the steel is susceptible to pitting corrosion. Optical microscopy investigations of the polished s les revealed that 10% of the surface area was occupied by defects in the form of pits. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and wavelength dispersive X-ray (WDX) chemical analyses revealed higher concentrations of Mn and S compared to the metal matrix in defected areas. These areas served as the sites for development of corrosion pits during both immersion and electrochemical experiments. The fatigue results of the corroded s les indicate that if the pit was the most significant defect, the fatigue crack initiated and propagated at this site.
Toughness enhancement and heterogeneous softening of a cryogenically cycled Zr–Cu–Ni–Al–Nb bulk metallic glass
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Comparing the Tolerability of a Novel Wound Closure Device Using a Porcine Wound Model
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 06-2018
Deformation-induced medium-range order changes in bulk metallic glasses
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 25-04-2022
A fracture mechanics and mechanistic approach to the failure of cortical bone
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-02-2005
Biological materials science: An emerging art
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
Bioactive glass fillers reduce bacterial penetration into marginal gaps for composite restorations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Design considerations for high entropy alloys in advanced nuclear applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Ambient to high-temperature fracture toughness and cyclic fatigue behavior in Al-containing silicon carbide ceramics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2003
Fatigue of mineralized tissues: Cortical bone and dentin
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMBBM.2007.04.002
Abstract: Gaining a mechanistic understanding of the mechanical properties of mineralized tissues, such as dentin and cortical bone, is important from the perspective of developing a framework for predicting and preventing failure of teeth and whole bones, particularly with regard to understanding the effects of microstructural modifications from factors such as aging, disease, or medical treatments. Accordingly, considerable research efforts have been made to determine the specific mechanisms involved in the fatigue and fracture of mineralized tissues, and to discover how these mechanisms relate to features within the respective microstructures. This article seeks to review the progress that has been made specifically in the area of fatigue, focusing on the research that moves our understanding beyond simple fatigue life (S/N) concepts and instead addresses the separate mechanisms for microdamage initiation, crack propagation, and in the case of bone, repair and remodeling.
Characterization of fatigue-induced free volume changes in a bulk metallic glass using positron annihilation spectroscopy
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 24-12-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2825427
Abstract: Depth-profiled Doppler broadening spectroscopy of positron annihilation on the cyclic fatigue-induced fracture surfaces of three amorphous Zr44Ti11Ni10Cu10Be25 metallic glass specimens reveals the presence of a 30–50nm layer of increased free volume that is generated by the propagating fatigue crack tip. The presence and character of this fatigue transformation zone is independent of the initial amount of bulk free volume, which was varied by structural relaxation via annealing, and the voids generated in the zone by intense cyclic deformation are distinct from those typical of the bulk.
New Mechanistic Models of Long Term Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nickel Based Alloys
Publisher: Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Date: 15-05-2018
DOI: 10.2172/1437100
Buried absorbable polyglactin 910 sutures do not result in stronger wounds in porcine full thickness skin incisions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMBBM.2016.06.033
Abstract: To test the hypothesis that the mechanical strength of wounds closed with a combination of buried dermal absorbable sutures and superficial nonabsorbable nylon sutures will be higher than wounds closed with only superficial nonabsorbable nylon sutures. Four Yucatan pigs were anesthetized and each received four 4.5cm full thickness incisions on their dorsal surfaces, placed 8cm apart. Half of all incisions were randomly allocated and repaired with 3-0 polyglactin 910 (Vicryl(™)) buried dermal absorbable sutures and superficial 3-0 nylon sutures, using a simple interrupted pattern. The other half received only 3-0 nylon sutures. Two pigs were humanely euthanized at day 10, with specimen harvest for mechanical testing the other two pigs had superficial nylon sutures removed at day 10, as per current clinical practice, and were humanely euthanized at day 42, with specimen harvest for mechanical testing. Tensile loads were applied perpendicularly to the wounds with a displacement rate of 40mm per minute. Wounds at day 42 were >9 times stronger than wounds at day 10 (p<0.0001). There was no difference in average wound strength at either day 10 or day 42 between wounds with and without buried dermal absorbable sutures. Buried dermal absorbable sutures failed to provide additional wound support at either 10 or 42 days. This result may have immediate implications for clinicians who perform cutaneous surgery and keep superficial sutures in for at least 10 days. Future research will be directed to shorter time studies, other buried dermal absorbable suture materials, and alternatives to buried dermal absorbable sutures.
Corrigendum to “Cyclic and time-dependent crack growth mechanisms in Alloy 617 at 800 °C” [Mater. Sci. Eng. A 737 (2018) 205–212]
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Role of Boron in Enhancing Electron Delocalization to Improve Catalytic Activity of Fe-Based Metallic Glasses for Persulfate-Based Advanced Oxidation
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-09-2020
Anisotropic fracture resistance of avian eggshell
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Role of pre-existing shear band morphology in controlling the fracture behavior of a Zr–Ti–Cu–Ni–Al bulk metallic glass
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
A Self‐Supported High‐Entropy Metallic Glass with a Nanosponge Architecture for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution under Alkaline and Acidic Conditions
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-05-2021
Abstract: Developing highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under both alkaline and acidic media is crucial for the future development of a hydrogen economy. However, state‐of‐the‐art high‐performance electrocatalysts recently developed are based on carbon carriers mediated by binding noble elements and their complicated processing methods are a major impediment to commercialization. Here, inspired by the high‐entropy alloy concept with its inherent multinary nature and using a glassy alloy design with its chemical homogeneity and tunability, we present a scalable strategy to alloy five equiatomic elements, PdPtCuNiP, into a high‐entropy metallic glass (HEMG) for HER in both alkaline and acidic conditions. Surface dealloying of the HEMG creates a nanosponge‐like architecture with nanopores and embedded nanocrystals that provides abundant active sites to achieve outstanding HER activity. The obtained overpotentials at a current density of 10 mA cm −2 are 32 and 62 mV in 1.0 m KOH and 0.5 m H 2 SO 4 solutions, respectively, outperforming most currently available electrocatalysts. Density functional theory reveals that a lattice distortion and the chemical complexity of the nanocrystals lead to a strong synergistic effect on the electronic structure that further stabilizes hydrogen proton adsorption/desorption. This HEMG strategy establishes a new paradigm for designing compositionally complex alloys for electrochemical reactions.
Final Report for Project 13-4791: New Mechanistic Models of Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth Interactions for Advanced High Temperature Reactor Components
Publisher: Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Date: 20-03-2018
DOI: 10.2172/1427339
On the improvement of the ductility of molybdenum by spinel (MgAl2O4) particles
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.3139/146.101081
Fatigue threshold R-curves for predicting reliability of ceramics under cyclic loading
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2005
Enhanced perfusion of elliptical wound closures using a novel adhesive suture retention device
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2021
DOI: 10.1002/HSR2.364
Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that a novel adhesive retention suture device (ARSD) can increase perfusion at elliptical wound closures by distributing stress away from the suture site. Stress in the skin around a suture both with and without support from an ARSD was evaluated using a finite element model. A single‐center, randomized split‐scar comparison trial using laser speckle contrast analysis was used to quantify the perfusion at elliptical wound closures in human patients both with and without an ARSD. The finite element model revealed that the ARSD promoted load transfer to the skin over a larger area, thus reducing the local stress and deformation in the skin around the suture site. Results from the split‐scar study showed a mean improvement of 25% perfusion units with the ARSD, and the improvement was statistically significant ( p = 0.002). The reduction in local stress and enhanced perfusion around the suture site reveals the potential benefit of using an ARSD to enable more efficient healing by avoiding complications associated with both low perfusion and skin tearing, such as dehiscence, infection, and cheese wiring.
Characteristic dimensions and the micro-mechanisms of fracture and fatigue in `nano' and `bio' materials
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2004
Effect of aging on the toughness of human cortical bone: evaluation by R-curves
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2004
DOI: 10.1016/J.BONE.2004.07.016
Abstract: Age-related deterioration of the fracture properties of bone, coupled with increased life expectancy, is responsible for increasing incidence of bone fracture in the elderly, and hence, an understanding of how its fracture properties degrade with age is essential. The present study describes ex vivo fracture experiments to quantitatively assess the effect of aging on the fracture toughness properties of human cortical bone in the longitudinal direction. Because cortical bone exhibits rising crack-growth resistance with crack extension, unlike most previous studies, the toughness is evaluated in terms of resistance-curve (R-curve) behavior, measured for bone taken from wide range of age groups (34-99 years). Using this approach, both the ex vivo crack-initiation and crack-growth toughness are determined and are found to deteriorate with age the initiation toughness decreases some 40% over 6 decades from 40 to 100 years, while the growth toughness is effectively eliminated over the same age range. The reduction in crack-growth toughness is considered to be associated primarily with a degradation in the degree of extrinsic toughening, in particular, involving crack bridging in the wake of the crack.
Papers from the First International Conference on the Mechanics of Biomaterials and Tissues
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2007
Design of Biomaterials: The Balancing Act between Reductionism and Systems Thinking
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-02-2013
Multiscale structure and damage tolerance of coconut shells
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMBBM.2017.05.024
Abstract: We investigated the endocarp of the fruit of Cocos nucifera (i.e., the inner coconut shell), examining the structure across multiple length scales through advanced characterization techniques and in situ testing of mechanical properties. Like many biological materials, the coconut shell possesses a hierarchical structure with distinct features at different length scales that depend on orientation and age. Aged coconut was found to have a significantly stronger (ultimate tensile strength, UTS = 48.5MPa), stiffer (Young's modulus, E = 1.92GPa), and tougher (fracture resistance (R-curve) peak of K
Effects of Moisture on Grain‐Boundary Strength, Fracture, and Fatigue Properties of Alumina
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-06-2005
Precipitate formation in cerium-modified additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2021
A Highly Fatigue-Resistant Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-08-2013
Elevated temperature mechanical properties of TiCN reinforced AlSi10Mg fabricated by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Fracture and fatigue behaviour of a laser additive manufactured Zr-based bulk metallic glass
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Atom Probe Analysis of a Zr-based Bulk Metallic Glass
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1017/S1431927621012824
Abstract: Zr-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are amorphous alloys that can exhibit excellent mechanical properties, including high yield strength and fracture toughness. These properties are linked to local microstructural heterogeneities. Whether via microscopy-based techniques, synchrotron techniques, or calorimetric approaches, the amorphous structure of BMGs makes the characterisation of the details of these local structural and chemical heterogeneities extremely challenging. Our focus here is on atom probe tomography (APT), where considerable uncertainty remains in terms of how and when to apply this otherwise powerful technique to amorphous materials. This work reports a systematic evaluation of the experimental parameter space. We report results of BMG composition acquired against various APT operating parameters for Zr63.96Cu13.36Ni10.29Al11.04Nb1.25 (at. %). We demonstrate that a customised peak-based ranging approach yields satisfactory compositional accuracy with absolute errors of & at. %. Beyond composition, we have discussed the data quality in terms of attributes of the mass spectra: mass resolution, signal-to-thermal tail ratio, and overlapped peak ratio. We also assess the composition of the well-known clustered evaporation effects, common in APT data of BMGs. We conclude that these regions have negligible differences in composition from the surrounding “matrix” or bulk in these alloys.
Understanding the Problem of Fatigue in Bulk Metallic Glasses
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-09-2010
Ultrasound freeze-casting of a biomimetic layered microstructure in epoxy-ceramic composite materials to increase strength and hardness
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Structural aspects controlling the mechanical and biological properties of tough, double network hydrogels
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2021.10.044
Abstract: Anticipating an increasing demand for hybrid double network (DN) hydrogels in biomedicine and biotechnology, this study evaluated the effects of each network on the mechanical and biological properties. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) (meth)acrylate hydrogels with varied monomer molecular weights and architectures (linear vs. 4-arm) were produced with and without an added ionically bonded alginate network and their mechanical properties were characterized using compression testing. The results showed that while some mechanical properties of PEG single network (SN) hydrogels decreased or changed negligibly with increasing molecular weight, the compressive modulus, strength, strain to failure, and toughness of DN hydrogels all significantly increased with increased PEG monomer molecular weight. At a fixed molecular weight (10 kDa), 4-arm PEG SN hydrogels exhibited better overall mechanical performance however, this benefit was diminished for the corresponding DN hydrogels with comparable strength and toughness and lower strain to failure for the 4-arm case. Regardless of the PEG monomer structure, the alginate network made a relatively larger contribution to the overall DN mechanical properties when the covalent PEG network was looser with a larger mesh size (e.g., for larger monomer molecular weight and/or linear architecture) which presumably enabled more ionic crosslinking. Considering the biological performance, adipose derived stem cell cultures demonstrated monotonically increasing cell area and Yes-associated protein related mechanosensing with increasing amounts of alginate from 0 to 2 wt.%, demonstrating the possibility for using DN hydrogels in guiding musculoskeletal differentiation. These findings will be useful to design suitable hydrogels with controllable mechanical and biological properties for mechanically demanding applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hydrogels are widely used in commercial applications, and recently developed hybrid double network hydrogels have enhanced strength and toughness that will enable further expansion into more mechanically demanding applications (e.g., medical implants, etc.). The significance of this work is that it uncovers some key principles regarding monomer molecular weight, architecture, and concentration for developing strong and tough hybrid double network hydrogels that would not be predicted from their single network counterparts or a linear combination of the two networks. Additionally, novel insight is given into the biological performance of hybrid double network hydrogels in the presence of adipose derived stem cell cultures which suggests new scope for using double network hydrogels in guiding musculoskeletal differentiation.
Recent advances in understanding the fatigue and wear behavior of dental composites and ceramics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMBBM.2018.08.008
Abstract: Dental composite and ceramic restorative materials are designed to closely mimic the aesthetics and function of natural tooth tissue, and their longevity in the oral environment depends to a large degree on their fatigue and wear properties. The purpose of this review is to highlight some recent advances in our understanding of fatigue and wear mechanisms, and how they contribute to restoration failures in the complex oral environment. Overall, fatigue and wear processes are found to be closely related, with wear of dental ceramic occlusal surfaces providing initiation sites for fatigue failures, and subsurface fatigue crack propagation driving key wear mechanisms for composites, ceramics, and enamel. Furthermore, both fatigue and wear of composite restorations may be important in enabling secondary caries formation, which is the leading cause of composite restoration failures. Overall, developing a mechanistic description of fatigue, wear, and secondary caries formation, along with understanding the interconnectivity of all three processes, are together seen as essential keys to successfully using in vitro studies to predict in vivo outcomes and develop improved dental restorative materials.
Fatigue and wear of human tooth enamel: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Evolution of shear bands, free volume and hardness during cold rolling of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
The Influence of Phase Formation on Irradiation Tolerance in a Nanocrystalline TiZrNbHfTa Refractory High-Entropy Alloy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-08-2023
Abstract: Refractory high‐entropy alloys (RHEAs) are candidate structural materials for nuclear applications due to their promising high‐temperature mechanical performance and irradiation tolerance. However, most body‐centered cubic (BCC) RHEAs form additional phases depending on their thermal history, with few studies assessing their effect on irradiation tolerance. This study characterizes the impact of phase transformations on the room‐temperature irradiation tolerance of a nanocrystalline TiZrNbHfTa RHEA by assessing its microstructure and micromechanical properties before and after thermal treatments between 500 and 800 °C. The alloy demonstrates exceptional irradiation tolerance before and after 500 °C treatments for 1–100 h, which induce BCC to hexagonal close‐packed (HCP) phase transformation, with excellent microstructural stability and minimal irradiation‐induced hardening. Conversely, 800 °C treatment for 1 h forms two major BCC phases and a minor HCP phase, negatively impacting both pre‐ and post‐irradiation mechanical performance and causing significant irradiation‐induced hardening and embrittlement. Additionally, this research identifies a second HCP phase in the 500 °C, 100 h‐treated condition, marking its first mention in the literature. This study emphasizes the importance of assessing temperature and phase formation effects on the irradiation tolerance of RHEAs for future nuclear reactors.
The Effect of Microstructure and Welding-Induced Plasticity on the Strength of Ni–Mo–Cr Alloy Welds
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3721067
Corrigendum to “First- and second-order approaches for the direct determination of bridging stresses from R-curves” [J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 30 (2010) 1229–1236]
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
Designed heterogeneities improve the fracture reliability of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Quantification of free volume differences in a Zr44Ti11Ni10Cu10Be25 bulk amorphous alloy
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 30-07-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2766659
Abstract: Deformation of metallic glasses requires the existence of free volume to allow atomic movement under mechanical loading. Accordingly, quantification of the free volume state of the alloy is crucial to understand its mechanical behavior. By annealing below the glass transition temperature, the free volume of a Zr44Ti11Ni10Cu10Be25 bulk metallic glass was varied via structural relaxation. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to quantify enthalpy differences between the relaxed and as-cast materials, which were then quantitatively related to average free volume differences. These results can be used to characterize the average free volume in this alloy for future mechanical property studies.
Synergistic function of iron and cobalt in metallic glasses for highly improving persulfate activation in water treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
A critical dislocation velocity for serration mechanism transition in a nickel-chromium solid solution alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Fracture toughness anisotropy of commercially pure titanium produced by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-01-2022
High temperature indentation based property measurements of IN-617
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Effect of 730 °C Supercritical Fluid Exposure on the Fatigue Threshold of Ni-Based Superalloy Haynes 282
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-06-2019
Fatigue Threshold R‐curves Predict Fatigue Endurance Strength for Self‐Reinforced Silicon Nitride
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-12-2013
DOI: 10.1111/JACE.12697
Cold rolling improves the fracture toughness of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Coarse Grained Models of Heterogeneous Plasticity Using the Discrete Element Method—Bulk Metallic Glasses and Beyond
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 27-05-2018
Development of novel dental restorative composites with dibasic calcium phosphate loaded chitosan fillers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Stationary and propagating cracks in a strain gradient visco-plastic solid
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2016
The dentin–enamel junction and the fracture of human teeth
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-02-2005
DOI: 10.1038/NMAT1323
Abstract: The dentin-enamel junction (DEJ), which is the interfacial region between the dentin and outer enamel coating in teeth, is known for its unique biomechanical properties that provide a crack-arrest barrier for flaws formed in the brittle enamel1. In this work, we re-examine how cracks propagate in the proximity of the DEJ, and specifically quantify, using interfacial fracture mechanics, the fracture toughness of the DEJ region. Careful observation of crack penetration through the interface and the new estimate of the DEJ toughness ( approximately 5 to 10 times higher than enamel but approximately 75% lower than dentin) shed new light on the mechanism of crack arrest. We conclude that the critical role of this region, in preventing cracks formed in enamel from traversing the interface and causing catastrophic tooth fractures, is not associated with the crack-arrest capabilities of the interface itself rather, cracks tend to penetrate the (optical) DEJ and arrest when they enter the tougher mantle dentin adjacent to the interface due to the development of crack-tip shielding from uncracked-ligament bridging.
Controlling the relaxation versus rejuvenation behavior in Zr-based bulk metallic glasses induced by elastostatic compression
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Papers from the International Conference on the Mechanics of Biomaterials and Tissues
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2007
Indentation techniques for evaluating the fracture toughness of biomaterials and hard tissues
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMBBM.2008.10.008
Abstract: Indentation techniques for assessing fracture toughness are attractive due to the simplicity and expediency of experiments, and because they potentially allow the characterization of both local and bulk fracture properties. Unfortunately, rarely have such techniques been proven to give accurate fracture toughness values. This is a concern, as such techniques are seeing increasing usage in the study of biomaterials and biological hard tissues. Four available indentation techniques are considered in the present article: the Vickers indentation fracture (VIF) test, the cube corner indentation fracture (CCIF) test, the Vickers crack opening displacement (VCOD) test and the interface indentation fracture (IIF) test. Each technique is discussed in terms of its suitability for assessing the absolute and relative toughness of materials or material interfaces based on the published literature on the topic. In general, the VIF and CCIF techniques are found to be poor for quantitatively evaluating toughness of any brittle material, and the large errors involved (approximately +/-50%) make their applicability as comparative techniques limited. Indeed, indentation toughness values must differ by at least by a factor of three to conclude a significant difference in actual toughness. Additionally, new experimental results are presented on using the CCIF test to evaluate the fracture resistance of human cortical bone. Those new results indicate that inducing cracking is difficult, and that the cracks that do form are embedded in the plastic zone of the indent, invalidating the use of linear elastic fracture mechanics based techniques for evaluating the toughness associated with those cracks. The VCOD test appears to be a good quantitative method for some glasses, but initial results suggest there may be problems associated with applying this technique to other brittle materials. Finally, the IIF technique should only be considered a comparative or semi-quantitative technique for comparing material interfaces and/or the neighboring materials.
Influence of structural relaxation on the fatigue behavior of a ZrTiNiCuBe bulk amorphous alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 27-10-2005
Role of microstructure in the aging-related deterioration of the toughness of human cortical bone
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2006
Nanoindentation based properties of Inconel 718 at elevated temperatures: A comparison of conventional versus additively manufactured samples
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Anisotropic strength and fracture resistance of epoxy-ceramic composite materials produced by ultrasound freeze-casting
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Fatigue Threshold R-Curve Behavior of Grain Bridging Ceramics: Role of Grain Size and Grain-Boundary Adhesion
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-03-2011
First- and second-order approaches for the direct determination of bridging stresses from R-curves
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2010
Bulk Metallic Glasses as Structural Materials: A Review
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-05-2016
Ductility and fracture toughness of molybdenum with MgAl2O4 additions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2007
Mechanistic aspects of fatigue crack growth behavior in resin based dental restorative composites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.DENTAL.2009.01.097
Abstract: To test the hypothesis that a commercial microhybrid resin based composite (Filtek Z250) has superior fatigue resistance to a nanofill composite (Filtek Supreme Plus) and to determine the related micromechanisms involved in the fatigue process. After 60 days of water hydration, the fatigue crack growth resistance of two different resin composites, one microhybrid (Filtek Z250) and one nanofill (Filtek Supreme Plus), was measured in wet conditions using compact-tension, C(T), specimens at a load ratio of 0.1 and frequency of 2Hz. Cyclic fatigue behavior was quantified in terms of the fatigue crack growth rate, da/dN, as a function of the stress intensity range, DeltaK. A sigmoidal da/dN-DeltaK curve with three different fatigue crack growth regimes was identified for both composites. In general, fatigue crack growth ranged from approximately 10(-9) to 10(-5)m/cycle over DeltaK of 0.54-0.63MPa radicalm for the Z250 composite and DeltaK of 0.41-0.67MPa radicalm for the Supreme Plus composite. The Supreme Plus composite showed a lower fatigue threshold, DeltaK(th), by approximately 0.13MPa radicalm compared to the Z250 composite, while also showing a plateau in the fatigue crack growth curve that is likely related to environmental attack. SEM observations of the fatigue crack paths and fracture surfaces revealed an interparticle crack path and extrinsic toughening mechanisms of crack deflection and crack bridging. No fatigue degradation of reinforcing particles or clusters was found, but cluster-matrix debonding was evident in the Supreme Plus composite, also indicative of environmental attack due to water. This study increases the understanding of both the fatigue behavior and the micromechanisms of fatigue in resin based dental composites.
Magnetic Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Directing Myofibroblast Activity in Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-02-2021
On the origin of the toughness of mineralized tissue: microcracking or crack bridging?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2004
Crack blunting, crack bridging and resistance-curve fracture mechanics in dentin: effect of hydration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00458-7
Abstract: Few studies have focused on a description of the fracture toughness properties of dentin in terms of resistance-curve (R-curve) behavior, i.e., fracture resistance increasing with crack extension, particularly in light of the relevant toughening mechanisms involved. Accordingly, in the present study, fracture mechanics based experiments were conducted on elephant dentin in order to determine such R-curves, to identify the salient toughening mechanisms and to discern how hydration may affect their potency. Crack bridging by uncracked ligaments, observed directly by microscopy and X-ray tomography, was identified as a major toughening mechanism, with further experimental evidence provided by compliance-based experiments. In addition, with hydration, dentin was observed to display significant crack blunting leading to a higher overall fracture resistance than in the dehydrated material. The results of this work are deemed to be of importance from the perspective of modeling the fracture behavior of dentin and in predicting its failure in vivo.
A diet high in fat and fructose adversely affects osseointegration of titanium implants in rats
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-11-2019
DOI: 10.1002/CRE2.255
Machine-learning assisted laser powder bed fusion process optimization for AlSi10Mg: New microstructure description indices and fracture mechanisms
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
An inset CT specimen for evaluating fracture in small samples of material
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Relating fracture toughness to micro-pillar compression response for a laser powder bed additive manufactured bulk metallic glass
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
High-temperature fatigue crack growth under transient overloading: application to Alloy 617
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-08-2021
Developing a Crystal Plasticity Model for Metallic Materials Based on the Discrete Element Method
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-06-2017
DOI: 10.1557/ADV.2017.430
Machine-learning assisted additive manufacturing of a TiCN reinforced AlSi10Mg composite with tailorable mechanical properties
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Review: Multi-principal element alloys by additive manufacturing
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-02-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10853-022-06961-Y
Abstract: Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) have attracted rapidly growing attention from both research institutions and industry due to their unique microstructures and outstanding physical and chemical properties. However, the fabrication of MPEAs with desired microstructures and properties using conventional manufacturing techniques (e.g., casting) is still challenging. With the recent emergence of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, the fabrication of MPEAs with locally tailorable microstructures and excellent mechanical properties has become possible. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to understand the key aspects of the AM processes that influence the microstructural features of AM fabricated MPEAs including porosity, anisotropy, and heterogeneity, as well as the corresponding impact on the properties. As such, this review will first present the state-of-the-art in existing AM techniques to process MPEAs. This is followed by a discussion of the microstructural features, mechanisms of microstructural evolution, and the mechanical properties of the AM fabricated MPEAs. Finally, the current challenges and future research directions are summarized with the aim to promote the further development and implementation of AM for processing MPEAs for future industrial applications.
Fatigue Behavior, Bridging Stresses, and Fatigue Reliability in Silicon Nitride Ceramics
Publisher: ASMEDC
Date: 2011
Abstract: Silicon nitride ceramics doped with rare-earth oxides exhibit excellent hardness, toughness, and strength at elevated temperatures making them attractive materials for replacing cemented carbides in a variety of manufacturing applications such as cutting and rolling tools. One recent ex le is the application of rolling of high strength alloy wires from steels and nickel-based super-alloys where cemented carbide rolls suffer wear and thermal fatigue cracking, leading to a degradation of wire quality. [1] Furthermore, it has been shown that under moderate loading silicon nitride rolls can give times longer life and improved wire surface quality. [1] However, it has also been shown that the rolls can suffer fatigue failure at higher loadings, for ex le when rolling wires with high deformation resistance such as the super alloy wire Nicrofer S7020. [1–2] Accordingly the aim of this study is the develop a design tool for predicting the fatigue failure of silicon nitride ceramics. The silicon nitrides with favorable mechanical properties have microstructures with elongated β-phase grains and a glassy intergranular film. The weak film encourages intergranular fracture allowing the formation of grain bridges across the crack wake which helps to reduce the stress intensity felt at the crack tip, Ktip. [3]
The Pivotal Role of Boron in Improving the Azo Dye Degradation of Glassy Fe‐based Catalysts
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-01-2020
Force-mediated molecule release from double network hydrogels
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D1CC02726C
Abstract: Mechanochemical release of molecules through a retro Diels–Alder reaction is demonstrated within double network hydrogels.
Fracture resistance of AlSi10Mg fabricated by laser powder bed fusion
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Advanced structural analysis of a laser additive manufactured Zr-based bulk metallic glass along the build height
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-03-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10853-022-06991-6
Abstract: Additive manufacturing of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) has opened this material class to an exciting new range of potential applications, as bulk-scale, net-shaped amorphous components can be fabricated in a single step. However, there exists a critical need to understand the structural details of additive manufactured BMGs and how the glassy structure is linked to the mechanical properties. Here, we present a study of structure and property variations along the build height for a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processed Zr-based BMG with composition Zr 59.3 Cu 28.8 Nb 1.5 Al 10.4 commercially termed AMZ4, using hardness testing, calorimetry, positron annihilation spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. A lower hardness, more rejuvenated glassy structure was found at the bottom of the build compared to the middle region of the build, with the structure and properties of the top region between the two. Such differences could not be attributed to variability in chemical composition or crystallisation rather, the softer bottom region was found to have a larger medium range order cluster size, attributed to heat dissipation into the build plate during processing, which gave faster cooling rates and less reheating compared to the steady-state middle of the build. However, at the top of the build less reheating occurs compared to the middle, leading to a somewhat softer and less relaxed state. Graphical abstract
Fatigue threshold R-curves predict small crack fatigue behavior of bridging toughened materials
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
R-curve behavior and micromechanisms of fracture in resin based dental restorative composites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMBBM.2008.12.005
Abstract: The fracture properties and micromechanisms of fracture for two commercial dental composites, one microhybrid (FiltekZ250) and one nanofill (FiltekSupreme Plus), were studied by measuring fracture resistance curves (R-curves) using pre-cracked compact-tension specimens and by conducting both unnotched and double notched four point beam bending experiments. Four point bending experiments showed about 20% higher mean flexural strength of the microhybrid composite compared to the nanofill. Rising fracture resistance was observed over approximately 1 mm of crack extension for both composites, and higher overall fracture resistance was observed for the microhybrid composite. Such fracture behavior was attributed to crack deflection and crack bridging toughening mechanisms that developed with crack extension, causing the toughness to increase. Despite the lower strength and toughness of the present nanofill composite, based on micromechanics observations, large nanoparticle clusters appear to be as effective at deflecting cracks and imparting toughening as solid particles. Thus, with further microstructural refinement, it should be possible to achieve a superior combination of aesthetic and mechanical performance using the nanocluster approach for dental composites.
Intergranular Nanostructure Effects on Strength and Toughness of Si3N4
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-01-2015
DOI: 10.1111/JACE.13484
In vivo stress relaxation of human scalp
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMBBM.2019.05.015
Abstract: Conduct a first in vivo study on the large deformation stress relaxation behavior of the human scalp. This study was conducted during Mohs micrographic surgery of the scalp of 14 patients aged 59-90 with wounds initially ranging from 9 to 41 mm wide. The initial wound diameter was measured under zero applied force. Then, the force required to close each wound using a single size 1 nylon suture and a SUTUREGARD suture retention device was measured, after which the suture was then locked in the retention device at fixed displacement. At time points of 300 s, 600 s, and 1800 s, the suture retention device was released, and the wound opening was again recorded at zero force, and the force required to close the wound was recorded. The average wound closure force relaxed by 44% and 65% after 300 s and 1800 s, respectively. Average wound width decreased 30% and 42%, after 300 s and 1800 s, respectively, due to creep deformation. Furthermore, all wounds relaxed to be below 15 N of closure force after 600 s, which is considered the maximum clinically acceptable force. A relaxation time of ∼270 s and a threshold force for creep of ∼5 N was found. Results of this study provide the first quantitative clinical guidance for efficient scalp closure of large wounds by creep deformation and stress relaxation. Furthermore, the methodology developed here can be used as a basis for future in vivo studies of the stress relaxation and creep deformation of human scalp, which in turn can provide data for the development and validation of constitutive models for scalp deformation.
Interaction of rate- and size-effect using a dislocation density based strain gradient viscoplasticity model
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
A Review on Additive Manufacturing of Shape-Memory Materials for Biomedical Applications
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-01-2020
Fracture toughness of Co4Sb12 and In0.1Co4Sb12 thermoelectric skutterudites evaluated by three methods
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
Fatigue and dynamic aging behavior of a high strength Al-5024 alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Mechanistic aspects of in vitro fatigue-crack growth in dentin
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2005
Cyclic and time-dependent crack growth mechanisms in Alloy 617 at 800 °C
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Surface Finish Effects on Fracture Behavior of Sn–4Ag–0.5Cu Solder Joints
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Editorial on the special issue—7th TMS Symposium on Biological Materials Science
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
R Curves from Compliance and Optical Crack‐Length Measurements
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-04-2010
Computed tomographic imaging and mechanical analysis of cellophane banding secured with locking polymer clips for portosystemic shunts in canine cadavers.
Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
Date: 11-2017
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To determine whether cellophane banding secured with locking polymer clips on cadaveric splenic veins would cause less CT imaging artifact and achieve equivalent mechanical strength, compared with cellophane banding secured with metal vascular clips. ANIMALS 10 canine cadavers. PROCEDURES Clips of each material were applied to each cadaver in a crossover design study. Triple-layer cellophane bands secured with 4 medium-large or large polymer or metal clips were placed on cadaveric splenic veins and evaluated by use of CT. Beam-hardening artifact was assessed by artifact length, attenuation, and a subjective grading scale ranging from 1 to 3 for mild to severe imaging artifacts. Secured cellophane bands were mechanically tested to determine force-deformation curves and yield forces. Findings for clip methods were compared with a 1-way ANOVA with a Tukey post-test. RESULTS For metal clips, beam-hardening artifact lengths and subjective artifact grades were significantly higher, whereas attenuation values were significantly lower, than findings for polymer clips. Polymer clips were significantly lower in strength than metal clips with mean ± SD yield loads of 1.9 ± 0.6 N (medium-large polymer clips), 2.8 ± 1.3 N (large polymer clips), 6.0 ± 1.9 N (medium-large metal clips), and 8.4 ± 2.7 N (large metal clips). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Use of locking polymer clips to secure cellophane banding resulted in less CT imaging artifact and mechanical strength, compared with use of metal vascular clips. Use of locking polymer clips may allow improved assessment of postoperative CT imaging in dogs with extrahepatic portosystemic shunts, which warrants in vivo clinical evaluation.
Effects of free volume changes and residual stresses on the fatigue and fracture behavior of a Zr–Ti–Ni–Cu–Be bulk metallic glass
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2008
Near-threshold fatigue crack growth in laser powder bed fusion produced alloy 718
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Fatigue crack growth behavior of a Zr58.5Cu15.6Ni12.8Al10.3Nb2.8 bulk metallic glass-forming alloy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
Erratum: Size-dependent fracture toughness of bulk metallic glasses (Acta Materialia (2014) 70 (198-207))
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
The Utility of R‐Curves for Understanding Fracture Toughness‐Strength Relations in Bridging Ceramics
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-05-2008
Size-dependent fracture toughness of bulk metallic glasses
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
Heat‐Resistant Intermetallic Compounds and Ceramic Dispersion Alloys for Additive Manufacturing: A Review
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-03-2022
Abstract: Many industries such as aerospace, power generation, and ground transportation demand structural materials with high specific strength at elevated temperatures. Up until now, many types of heat‐resistant materials including Ni‐based superalloys, intermetallic compounds, and dispersion‐strengthened alloys have been developed for specific applications in these industries. Moreover, with the recent development of additive manufacturing techniques, these industries can now benefit from the rapid prototyping abilities, geometric freedom, and increased mechanical properties that can be achieved through various additive manufacturing processes. With this in mind, the progress made in additive manufacturing of heat‐resistant intermetallic compounds and ceramic dispersion alloys is herein examined. A brief introduction is provided on the target industries, applications, and the compositions of heat‐resistant alloys of current research interest. Then, recent research on heat‐resistant intermetallic compounds and ceramic dispersion alloys fabricated by additive manufacturing processes such as laser powder bed fusion, laser direct energy deposition, and electron‐beam powder bed fusion are reviewed with information provided on microstructure, processing parameters, strengthening mechanisms, and mechanical properties. Finally, an outlook is provided with future research suggestions.
Effects of plastic constraint on the cyclic and static fatigue behavior of metal/ceramic layered structures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2004
Cyclic mechanical loading promotes bacterial penetration along composite restoration marginal gaps
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Fiber reinforcement of a resin modified glass ionomer cement
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Silicon Nitride: Roles of Grain Aspect Ratio and Intergranular Film Composition
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-10-2012
DOI: 10.1111/JACE.12006
Aspects of in vitro fatigue in human cortical bone: time and cycle dependent crack growth
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOMATERIALS.2004.05.024
Abstract: Although fatigue damage in bone induced by cyclic loading has been recognized as a problem of clinical significance, few fracture mechanics based studies have investigated how incipient cracks grow by fatigue in this material. In the present study, in vitro cyclic fatigue experiments were performed in order to quantify fatigue-crack growth behavior in human cortical bone. Crack-growth rates spanning five orders of magnitude were obtained for the extension of macroscopic cracks in the proximal-distal direction growth-rate data could be well characterized by the linear-elastic stress-intensity range, using a simple (Paris) power law with exponents ranging from 4.4 to 9.5. Mechanistically, to discern whether such behavior results from "true" cyclic fatigue damage or is simply associated with a succession of quasi-static fracture events, cyclic crack-growth rates were compared to those measured under sustained (non-cyclic) loading. Measured fatigue-crack growth rates were found to exceed those "predicted" from the sustained load data at low growth rates ( approximately 3 x 10(-10) to 5 x 10(-7) m/cycle), suggesting that a "true" cyclic fatigue mechanism, such as alternating blunting and re-sharpening of the crack tip, is active in bone. Conversely, at higher growth rates ( approximately 5 x 10(-7) to 3 x 10(-5) m/cycle), the crack-growth data under sustained loads integrated over the loading cycle reasonably predicts the cyclic fatigue data, indicating that quasi-static fracture mechanisms predominate. The results are discussed in light of the occurrence of fatigue-related stress fractures in cortical bone.
On the Fracture Behavior of Bulk Metallic Glasses
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 27-05-2018
Fatigue Crack Growth Mechanisms for Nickel-based Superalloy Haynes 282 at 550-750 °C
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-08-2015
Fracture toughness of graphene/aluminum nanolaminated composites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Improving Participation of Engineering Students Studying Abroad: An International Dual-Degree Program in Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-05-2013
Detection of dentinal cracks using contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMBBM.2009.10.003
Abstract: A new technique using contrast enhanced micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was developed to improve the ability to detect dentinal cracks in teeth and assess associated risks to oral health. Extracted, whole human molars that exhibited visual evidence of external cracks following extraction and machined, partially fractured elephant dentin specimens were labeled by BaSO(4) precipitation and imaged by micro-CT. Contrast-enhanced micro-CT was demonstrated in vitro to enable non-destructive, 3-D imaging of the presence, morphology and spatial location of dentinal cracks in whole human molars and machined specimens. BaSO(4) staining provided enhanced contrast for the detection of cracks that could not be detected prior to staining. Backscattered SEM micrographs showed that BaSO(4) was precipitated on the surfaces of dentinal cracks and within adjacent tubules. The new methods demonstrated in this study are expected to be useful for clinical and scientific studies investigating the etiology and treatment of dentinal cracks in teeth.
EDP2PDF: a computer program for extracting a pair distribution function from an electron diffraction pattern for the structural analysis of materials
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 31-05-2023
DOI: 10.1107/S1600576723004053
Abstract: Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis is a powerful technique to understand atomic scale structure in materials science. Unlike X-ray diffraction (XRD)-based PDF analysis, the PDF calculated from electron diffraction patterns (EDPs) using transmission electron microscopy can provide structural information from specific locations with high spatial resolution. The present work describes a new software tool for both periodic and amorphous structures that addresses several practical challenges in calculating the PDF from EDPs. The key features of this program include accurate background subtraction using a nonlinear iterative peak-clipping algorithm and automatic conversion of various types of diffraction intensity profiles into a PDF without requiring external software. The present study also evaluates the effect of background subtraction and the elliptical distortion of EDPs on PDF profiles. The EDP2PDF software is offered as a reliable tool to analyse the atomic structure of crystalline and non-crystalline materials.
Fracture and fatigue resistance of Mo–Si–B alloys for ultrahigh-temperature structural applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2004
Crack Propagation in Bulk Metallic Glasses
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 27-05-2018
Forces on sutures when closing excisional wounds using the rule of halves
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLINBIOMECH.2019.12.018
Abstract: To close elliptical excisions, surgeons commonly use the rule of halves which involves initially closing of the middle portion of the wound, followed by closure of the remaining halves. Understanding the forces required for suturing such wounds can aid excisional surgery planning to decrease complications and improve wound healing. Following full thickness excision for removal of skin cancers, back wounds with 3:1 ratio of length-to-width were closed using the rule of halves. The force required to bring the wound edges into contact at the middle portion of the wound was measured, followed by the two bisected halves. The average force to close the center of the wounds averaged 3.7 N and was six times larger than that of the bisected halves. The forces to close the bisected halves were consistently small, and essentially negligible (<0.5 N) for ~50% of the cases. When planning excisional surgery to avoid complications such as tearing the dermis (cheese wiring), the use of special wound closure techniques (high tension and/or pully sutures, skin support or suture retention devices, etc.) should focus on the center suture only when using the rule of halves, as the remaining sutures require very low forces.
Helical and Bouligand Porous Scaffolds Fabricated by Dynamic Low Strength Magnetic Field Freeze Casting
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-01-2020
Compression Behavior of Graded NiTi Gyroid-Structures Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-10-2021
Effects of polar solvents on the fracture resistance of dentin: role of water hydration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2004.08.002
Abstract: Although healthy dentin is invariably hydrated in vivo, from a perspective of examining the mechanisms of fracture in dentin, it is interesting to consider the role of water hydration. Furthermore, it is feasible that exposure to certain polar solvents, e.g., those found in clinical adhesives, can induce dehydration. In the present study, in vitro deformation and fracture experiments, the latter involving a resistance-curve (R-curve) approach (i.e., toughness evolution with crack extension), were conducted in order to assess changes in the constitutive and fracture behavior induced by three common solvents-acetone, ethanol and methanol. In addition, nanoindentation-based experiments were performed to evaluate the deformation behavior at the level of in idual collagen fibers and ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy to evaluate changes in bonding. The results indicate a reversible effect of chemical dehydration, with increased fracture resistance, strength, and stiffness associated with lower hydrogen bonding ability of the solvent. These results are analyzed both in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic toughening phenomena to further understand the micromechanisms of fracture in dentin and the specific role of water hydration.
Predicting Fatigue Failures
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 10-07-2009
Abstract: New methods for predicting fatigue may extend the usefulness of materials that actively resist cracking.
Compositional variations in equiatomic CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloys
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
An experimental assessment of methods to predict crack deflection at an interface
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Fatigue Reliability Predictions for Crack Bridging Materials
Publisher: ASMEDC
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1115/GT2011-46222
Abstract: Many modern materials are reliant on crack bridging to achieve adequate fracture resistance. As they are used in more cyclic loading applications, there is a need to make accurate fatigue reliability predictions. In bridging materials, the fatigue threshold, or stress intensity range below which fatigue cracks will not propagate, increases with crack extension in a manner similar to the fracture resistance. Thus, fatigue thresholds can be plotted versus crack extension as a fatigue threshold R-curve. The fatigue threshold R-curve was measured for a 99.5% pure polycrystalline alumina. Crack growth was initiated from razor micro-notches (ρ 10 μm) in compact tension specimens at a loading frequency of 25 Hz and a load ratio of R = 0.1. The fatigue threshold was determined as a function of crack size by 1) decreasing the cyclic load until the crack growth rate slowed to less than 10−10 m/cycle and 2) using varying initial crack length and load combinations to get varying final crack sizes. Using the measured fatigue threshold R-curve and fracture mechanics weight functions, the bridging stress profile, considered a true material property, was calculated. The accuracy of the bridging stress profile was verified by direct measurement of the bridging stresses using x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. From the bridging stress profile, the fatigue threshold R-curve was calculated for more technically relevant crack geometries, such as a semi-elliptical surface crack. Finally, fatigue endurance strength predictions were made as a function of initial flaw size using the calculated fatigue threshold R-curve for a semi-elliptical surface crack.
High strain rate in situ micropillar compression of a Zr-based metallic glass
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-04-2021
DOI: 10.1557/S43578-021-00187-5
Abstract: High strain rate micromechanical testing can assist researchers in elucidating complex deformation mechanisms in advanced material systems. In this work, the interactions of atomic-scale chemistry and strain rate in affecting the deformation response of a Zr-based metallic glass was studied by varying the concentration of oxygen dissolved into the local structure. Compression of micropillars over six decades of strain rate uncovered a remarkable reversal of the strain rate sensitivity from negative to positive above ~ 5 s −1 due to a delocalisation of shear transformation events within the pre-yield linear regime for both s les, while a higher oxygen content was found to generally decrease the strain rate sensitivity effect. It was also identified that the shear band propagation speed increases with the actuation speed, leading to a transition in the deformation behaviour from serrated to apparent non-serrated plastic flow at ~ 5 s −1 .
Inducing strain hardening in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass via cobalt mediated phase separations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Deducing the Fatigue Crack Growth Rates of Natural Flaws in Silicon Nitride Ceramics: Role of R‐Curves
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-05-2013
DOI: 10.1111/JACE.12410
Related Organisations
E O Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Location: United States of America
University Of California, Berkeley
Location: United States of America
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