ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4288-6300
Current Organisations
National Dental Centre of Singapore
,
Duke-NUS Medical School
,
UC Berkeley College of Chemistry
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Related Links
Publications
Income at birth and tooth loss due to dental caries in adulthood: The 1982 Pelotas birth cohort
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-05-2020
DOI: 10.1111/ODI.13373
Is weight gain associated with the incidence of periodontitis? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2015
DOI: 10.1111/JCPE.12417
Abstract: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review assessing the effects of weight gain on the incidence of periodontitis in adults. Electronic searches in four databases were performed up to and including February 2015. Only prospective longitudinal studies assessing the association between weight gain and the incidence of periodontitis in adults were eligible to be included in this study. All studies should state a clear description of nutritional status (Body Mass Index Waist Circumference) as well as the case definition of periodontitis. Pooled relative risks (RR) for becoming overweight and obese on the incidence of periodontitis were estimated by meta-analysis. Quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies. Five articles were included in this review and meta-analysis with 42,198 subjects enrolled. Subjects who became overweight and obese presented higher risk to develop new cases of periodontitis (RR 1.13 95%CI 1.06-1.20 and RR 1.33 95%CI 1.21-1.47 respectively) compared with counterparts who stayed in normal weight. A clear positive association between weight gain and new cases of periodontitis was found. However, these results are originated from limited evidence. Thus, more studies with longitudinal prospective design are needed.
Is there a relationship between obesity and tooth loss and edentulism? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-04-2016
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12418
Abstract: This study conducted a systematic review to assess the bi-directional association between tooth loss/edentulism and obesity. Electronic searches were performed in four different databases. Observational studies that tested associations between tooth loss/edentulism and obesity as either exposures or outcomes were included. Additionally, meta-analyses, funnel plots and sensitivity analyses were conducted to synthesize the evidence. A total of 549 articles were identified in the electronic database search. Out of which, 16 studies were included within the meta-analyses: 75% considered tooth loss/edentulism as exposure and obesity as outcome, whereas 25% alternatively considered obesity as exposure and tooth loss/edentulism as outcome. Pooled estimates showed that obese in iduals had 1.49 (95%CI 1.20-1.86) and 1.25 (95%CI 1.10-1.42) times higher odds of having any tooth loss and edentulism, respectively. Alternatively, when tooth loss or edentulism were considered as exposures, in iduals with any tooth loss had 1.41 (95%CI 1.11-1.79) times higher odds for obesity, while edentates had even higher odds (OR 1.60 95%CI 1.29-2.00). The results indicate a bi-directional association between tooth loss and obesity. Considering that all selected studies were of cross-sectional study design limiting inferences on temporality, longitudinal prospective studies are required to test the causal relationship between tooth loss/edentulism and obesity or vice a versa. © 2016 World Obesity.
Obesity and Periodontal Outcomes: A Population‐Based Cohort Study in Brazil
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2017
Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of abdominal and general obesity on periodontal outcomes in a population-based cohort of Brazilian adults. Abdominal and general obesity were assessed in the years 2009 (n = 1,720) and 2012 (n = 1,222). For abdominal obesity, a dichotomous variable was created: 1) eutrophic/lost weight or 2) obese/gained weight. For general obesity, a categorical variable was created: 1) eutrophic/lost weight 2) gained weight or 3) obese. Periodontal outcomes were percentage of teeth with bleeding on probing (BOP) and combination of BOP and attachment loss (AL). Hypertension was set as the mediator. Marginal structural models (MSMs) were used to estimate the controlled direct effect of obesity on periodontal outcomes. Periodontal data were presented from 1,066 participants. The total effect model showed those with general obesity in the cohort period presented higher risk of unfavorable periodontal outcomes (rate ratio [RR]: 1.45 for AL and BOP in different teeth RR: 1.84 for AL and BOP in the same tooth). Estimates from MSMs revealed an effect of general obesity on AL and BOP in different teeth (RR: 1.44). No effect of general obesity was noted on the percentage of BOP. Total effect of abdominal obesity increased risk of AL and BOP in different teeth (RR: 1.47), AL and BOP in the same tooth (RR: 2.77), and percentage of BOP (RR: 1.49). In a MSM, those with abdominal obesity presented greater risk of AL and BOP in the same tooth (RR: 2.16) and percentage of BOP (RR: 1.37). Abdominal obesity has a direct effect on unfavorable periodontal outcomes in MSMs.
Are there universal restorative composites for anterior and posterior teeth?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JDENT.2013.08.016
Abstract: This retrospective, longitudinal clinical study investigated the longevity up to 20 years of posterior restorations placed with 3 universal composites (Charisma, Herculite XR, Z100) and of anterior restorations placed with 2 universal composites (Charisma, Herculite XR). Records from 90 patients were retrieved from a private practice (374 posterior, 219 anterior restorations). Clinical evaluation was performed by the FDI criteria. Survival analysis was assessed using Kaplan-Meier method and Log-Rank test, and factors associated with failure by multivariate Cox regression with shared frailty. In the first 10 years, almost 95% of the restorations were satisfactory, showing increased failure thereafter. Charisma showed the most failures in anterior and posterior areas. Annual failure rates varied between 0.3% and 2.5%, with slightly better performance for anterior restorations. Fracture (posterior) and aesthetics (anterior) were the main reasons for failure. Differences were observed between restorative materials with different properties, but these became apparent only after more than 10 years of clinical service. The present study provides evidence that in a patient group with low caries risk, anterior and posterior restorations placed with universal composites may have excellent long-term clinical performance.
Periodontal and chronic kidney disease association: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-01-2019
DOI: 10.1111/NEP.13225
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure is increasing globally and evidence from observational studies suggest periodontal disease may contribute to kidney functional decline. Electronic searches of the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases were conducted for the purposes of conducting a systematic review. Hand searching of reference lists was also performed. Meta-analysis of observational studies involving periodontal disease and chronic kidney disease in adults was performed. A total of 17 studies was selected from an initial 4055 abstracts. Pooled estimates indicated the odds of having CKD were 60% higher among patients with periodontitis: pooled OR 1.60 (95% CI 1.44-1.79, I Moderate evidence for a positive association between periodontitis and CKD exists. Evidence for the opposite direction is extremely weak based on significant heterogeneity between studies.
The Controlled Direct Effect of Early-Life Socioeconomic Position on Periodontitis in a Birth Cohort
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-03-2019
DOI: 10.1093/AJE/KWZ054
Abstract: This study used data from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, Brazil, to estimate the controlled direct effect of early-life socioeconomic position (SEP) on periodontitis at age 31 years, controlling for adulthood income and education, smoking, and dental hygiene. Sex was included as a covariate. Early-life SEP was measured at participant birth based on income, health services payment mode, maternal education, height, and skin color (lower versus middle/higher SEP). Periodontitis was assessed through clinical examination at age 31 years (healthy, mild periodontitis, or moderate-to-severe disease). Adulthood behaviors (smoking, dental hygiene) were the mediators, and adulthood SEP (education and income) represented the exposure-induced mediator-outcome confounders. A regression-based approach was used to assess the controlled direct effect of early-life SEP on periodontitis. Multinomial regression models were used to estimate risk ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. The prevalences of mild and moderate-to-severe periodontitis were 23.0% and 14.3%, respectively (n = 539). In iduals from the lowest early-life SEP had a higher risk of moderate-to-severe periodontitis controlled for mediators and exposure-induced mediator-outcome confounders: risk ratio = 1.85 (95% confidence interval: 1.06, 3.24), E value 3.1. We found that early-life SEP was associated with the development of periodontitis in adulthood that was not mediated by adulthood SEP and behaviors.
Pharyngeal airway changes five years after bimaxillary surgery – A retrospective study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Scoping Review of Oral Health-Related Birth Cohort Studies: Toward a Global Consortium
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-01-2022
DOI: 10.1177/00220345211062475
Abstract: The multidisciplinary nature and long duration of birth cohort studies allow investigation of the relationship between general and oral health and indicate the most appropriate stages in life to intervene. To date, the worldwide distribution of oral health-related birth cohort studies (OHRBCSs) has not been mapped, and a synthesis of information on methodological characteristics and outcomes is not available. We mapped published literature on OHRBCSs, describing their oral health-related data and methodological aspects. A 3-step search strategy was adopted to identify published studies using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and OVID databases. Studies with baseline data collection during pregnancy or within the first year of life or linked future oral health data to exposures during either of these 2 life stages were included. Studies examining only mothers' oral health and specific populations were excluded. In total, 1,721 articles were suitable for initial screening of titles and abstracts, and 528 articles were included in the review, identifying 120 unique OHRBCSs from 34 countries in all continents. The review comprised literature from the mid-1940s to the 21st century. Fifty-four percent of the OHRBCSs started from 2000 onward, and 75% of the cohorts were from high-income and only 2 from low-income countries. The participation rate between the baseline and the last oral health follow-up varied between 7% and 93%. Ten cohorts that included interventions were mostly from 2000 and with fewer than 1,000 participants. Seven data-linkage cohorts focused mostly on upstream characteristics and biological aspects. The most frequent clinical assessment was dental caries, widely presented as decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT/dmft). Periodontal conditions were primarily applied as isolated outcomes or as part of a classification system. Socioeconomic classification, ethnicity, and country- or language-specific assessment tools varied across countries. Harmonizing definitions will allow combining data from different studies, adding considerable strength to data analyses this will be facilitated by forming a global consortium.
Diet-Induced Overweight and Obesity and Periodontitis Risk: An Application of the Parametric G-Formula in the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-02-2017
DOI: 10.1093/AJE/KWW187
Abstract: We aimed to estimate hypothetical effects of habits (smoking, alcohol consumption, and fat and carbohydrates consumption) combined with diet-induced overweight/obesity on the risk of periodontitis. The risk of any periodontitis, moderate/severe periodontitis, and the combination of bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) was estimated using the parametric g-formula in adults aged 31 years from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort in Brazil. In iduals in this cohort have been followed since birth. Hypothetical conditions were set independently for each risk factor and in combination for the entire population. A total of 539 participants had oral examinations in 2013. The cumulative 31-year risk under no intervention was 33.3% for any periodontitis, 14.3%, for moderate/severe periodontitis, and 14.7%, for BOP and CAL. According to our statistical approach, diet-induced overweight/obesity increased the risk of all outcomes: 11% (overweight) and 22% (obesity) higher risk of periodontitis 12% (overweight) and 27% (obesity) higher risk of moderate/severe periodontitis 21% (overweight) and 57% (obesity) higher risk of CAL and BOP. When overweight/obesity was combined with other unhealthy habits, the risk was even greater. Our findings suggest that the combination of diet-induced obesity with other risk factors may increase the risk of periodontitis. Further research in the field is required to corroborate our study.
Association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JDENT.2015.03.011
Abstract: Dental caries is the main problem oral health and it is not well established in the literature if the enamel defects are a risk factor for its development. Studies have reported a potential association between developmental defects enamel (DDE) and dental caries occurrence. We investigated the association between DDE and caries in permanent dentition of children and teenagers. A systematic review was carried out using four databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and Science Direct), which were searched from their earliest records until December 31, 2014. Population-based studies assessing differences in dental caries experience according to the presence of enamel defects (and their types) were included. PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews were followed. Meta-analysis was performed to assess the pooled effect, and meta-regression was carried out to identify heterogeneity sources. From the 2558 initially identified papers, nine studies fulfilled all inclusion criteria after checking the titles, abstracts, references, and complete reading. Seven of them were included in the meta-analysis with random model. A positive association between enamel defects and dental caries was identified meta-analysis showed that in iduals with DDE had higher pooled odds of having dental caries experience [OR 2.21 (95% CI 1.3 3.54)]. Meta-regression analysis demonstrated that adjustment for sociodemographic factors, countries' socioeconomic status, and bias (quality of studies) explained the high heterogeneity observed. A higher chance of dental caries should be expected among in iduals with enamel defects.
Causal inference in dentistry: Time to move forward
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2023
DOI: 10.1111/CDOE.12802
Abstract: Oral conditions represent a critical public health challenge, and together with descriptive and predictive epidemiology, causal inference has a crucial role in developing and testing preventive oral health interventions. By identifying not just correlations but actual causes of disease, causal inference may quantify the average effect of interventions and guide policies. Although authors are not usually explicit about it, most oral health studies are guided by causal questions. However, methodological deficiencies limit their interpretability and the implementation of their findings. This manuscript is a call to action on the use of causal inference in oral research. Its application starts with asking theoretically sound questions and being explicit about causal relationships, defining the estimates to evaluate, and measuring them properly. Beyond promoting causal analytical approaches, we emphasize the need for more causal thinking to promote thoughtful research questions and the use of appropriate methods to answer them. Causal inference relies on the plausibility of assumptions underlying the data analysis and the quality of the data, and we argue that high‐quality observational studies can be used to estimate average causal effects. Although in idual efforts to embrace causal inference in dentistry are essential, they will not yield substantial results if not led by a systematic and structural change in the field. We urge scientific societies, funding bodies, dental schools, and journals to promote transparency in research, causal thinking, and causal inference projects to move the field toward more meaningful studies. It is also time for researchers to move forward and connect with the community, co‐produce investigations and translate their findings, and engage in interventions that impact public health. We conclude by highlighting the importance of triangulating results from different data sources and methods to support causal inference and inform decision‐making on interventions to effectively improve population oral health.
Associations between temporomandibular disorders, pain, jaw and masticatory function in dentofacial deformity patients: A cross‐sectional study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-05-2023
DOI: 10.1111/JOOR.13483
Abstract: Patients with dentofacial deformity often present with impaired masticatory function, orofacial pain and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). This study investigates the relationship between TMD, pain, jaw and masticatory function at different stages of orthognathic surgical (OS) treatment. A total of 120 OS patients were prospectively recruited and grouped as pre‐orthodontic (group 1), pre‐surgery (group 2), 4‐month post‐surgery (group 3), 24‐month post‐surgery (group 4), in addition to 30 controls (group 0). Outcomes were assessed using: Jaw Function Limitation Scale (JFLS), McGill pain questionnaire, DC/TMD instrument, voluntary maximum bite force (MVBF), and masticatory efficiency (ME) using two‐coloured chewing gum. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The prevalence of non‐painful TMD did not differ between groups ( p = .827). However, the prevalence of painful TMD differed between groups ( p = .001). Among the painful TMDs, the highest prevalence was observed for masseter myalgia in group 2 ( p = .031), and importantly group 4 did not differ from group 0 ( p = .948). The MPQ score was significantly higher in group 1 ( p = .001) compared to group 0, and the JFLS score was significantly higher in groups 1, 2 and 3 compared to group 0. Notably, MPQ ( p = .756) and JFLS ( p = .572) scores in group 4 were not different from group 0. However, MVBF ( p = .996) and ME ( p = .991) did not differ between groups 1 and 4. The association of self‐reported pain and jaw function with the masticatory function was observed in OS patients. OS was not associated with a negative impact on TMD. Jaw function and pain levels were similar to controls at the 24‐month follow‐up. The masticatory function was further affected by the surgery and seems to require a longer recovery time. Moreover, it was confirmed that pain and TMD were associated with limitations in jaw function and impacts on masticatory function.
Developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the primary dentition: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JDENT.2017.03.006
Abstract: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the primary dentition. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Scopus and Scielo for the identification of relevant studies. Observational studies that examined the association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the deciduous dentition were included. Additionally, meta-analysis, funnel plots and sensitivity analysis were employed to synthesize the available evidence. Multivariable meta-regression analysis was performed to explore heterogeneity among studies. A total of 318 articles were identified in the electronic searches. Of those, 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled estimates revealed that children with developmental defects of enamel had higher odds of having dental caries (OR 3.32 95%CI 2.41-4.57), with high heterogeneity between studies (I This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates a clear association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the primary dentition.
Related Organisations
Related Funding Activities
No related grants have been discovered for Gustavo Nascimento.