ORCID Profile
0000-0003-0222-9231
Current Organisations
Arizona State University
,
Griffith University - Gold Coast Campus
,
Karolinska Institutet
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.IMBIO.2015.06.014
Abstract: After Candida albicans arrival to the liver, the local production of proinflammatory cytokines and the expanded intrahepatic lymphocytes (IHL) can be either beneficial or detrimental to the host. Herein we explored the balance between protective inflammatory reaction and liver damage, focusing our study on the contribution of TNF-α and Fas-Fas-L pathways in the hepatocellular apoptosis associated to C. albicans infection. A robust tissue reaction and a progressive increase of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were observed in infected animals. Blocking the biological activity of TNF-α did not modify the number of apoptotic cells observed in C. albicans infected animals. Fas-L molecule was up regulated on purified hepatic mononuclear cells and its expression progressed with the infection. In the IHL compartment, the absolute number of Fas-L+ NK and NKT cells increased on days 1 and 3 of the infection. C. albicans was also able to up regulate Fas-L expression in normal liver NK and NKT cells after in vitro contact. The innate receptor TLR2 was involved in this phenomenon. In the interplay between host factors and evasion strategies exploited by pathogens, the mechanism supported here could represent an additional way that allows this fungus to circumvent protective immune responses in the liver.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2006
Abstract: The aim of this study was to monitor changes in periodontal inflammation in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) for 2 years. We investigated the influence of rheumatic disease activity and antirheumatic medication on clinical and immunological parameters of periodontal inflammation in these in iduals. Two years after a baseline examination, the periodontal and rheumatological conditions of 18 adolescents with JIA and 14 control subjects were described. The clinical periodontal inflammation was monitored by registration of visual plaque, marginal bleeding, probing depth, and clinical attachment loss (AL). Periodontal inflammation was also assessed by analysis of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18 and the collagenase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and clinical rheumatological parameters were significantly improved at the 2-year follow-up. The number of sites with plaque decreased, and the number of pockets >/=4 mm increased, whereas bleeding levels and the extension of AL remained unchanged. IL-1beta in gingival crevicular fluid decreased significantly in the JIA group after 2 years. No differences were observed for IL-1beta, MMP-8, or IL-18 levels between groups after 2 years. Two years after the baseline examination, no clinical or laboratory differences in periodontal inflammation could be found between JIA patients and control subjects.
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302308
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on alveolar bone density (ABD) and bone height (BH) using direct digital radiography. Nineteen patients (mean age: 36±7.3 years) with generalized chronic periodontitis were examined at baseline, 90 (90AT) and 180 (180AT) days after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Radiographs were taken from two sites with specific characteristics: 39 sites with probing pocket depth (PPD)≤3 mm and clinical attachment level (CAL)≤1 mm (shallow sites) and 62 sites with PPD≥5 mm and CAL≥3 mm (deep sites). The ABD was assessed considering the bone regions of interest at the alveolar bone crest (ROI I) and at the medullar bone (ROI II). The BH was assessed considering the distance from the alveolar bone crest to the cementoenamel junction. Mann-Whitney test was used for the overall demographic data, Wilcoxon test was used to compare the baseline, 90AT and 180AT data as well as to compare the groups and subgroups within the same evaluation period. The significance level was set at 5%. The deep sites showed a significant increase of ABD in ROI I at 90AT (p .007) and at 180AT (p .005). ABD decrease was seen in ROI II at 180AT (p .04) while BH reduced only in shallow sites at 90AT. In conclusion, an increase in ABD was observed in deep sites of patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. However, no significant change in alveolar BH was observed in these sites.
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 04-2010
DOI: 10.1590/S2176-94512010000200008
Abstract: INTRODUÇÃO: na análise da teoria da pressão/tensão do movimento dentário, a aplicação de uma força ortodôntica causa um deslocamento gradual dos fluidos do ligamento periodontal, acompanhado pela distorção das células e da matriz extracelular. OBJETIVOS: avaliar a quantidade de volume do fluido gengival (FG) nas faces mesiais e distais dos caninos superiores, de 14 pacientes (3 homens e 11 mulheres) submetidos a movimentação ortodôntica. MÉTODOS: o fluido foi coletado com tira de papel absorvente padrão (Periopaper®) e seu volume foi determinado por meio da utilização do medidor Periotron®, em sete tempos distintos (dia -7, dia 0, 1 hora, 24 horas, 14 dias, 21 dias e 80 dias). O teste Friedman foi usado para comparar os dados obtidos (p 0,01 e p 0,05). RESULTADOS: os resultados mostraram que houve uma alteração significativa do volume de FG ao longo do tempo, tanto no lado de pressão (p 0,001) quanto no lado de tensão (p 0,01). No lado de pressão, o volume de FG foi significativamente menor nos tempos 0 (p 0,01) e 24h (p 0,001), comparados com o tempo 80d.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.RBRE.2015.09.001
Abstract: A large number of studies have shown a potential association between periodontal and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Similar mechanisms of tissue destruction concerning periodontitis and other autoimmune diseases have stimulated the study of a possible relationship between these conditions. This study aims to review the literature about this potential association and their different pathogenic mechanisms. Considering that periodontal disease is a disease characterized by inflammation influenced by infectious factors, such as SLE, it is plausible to suggest that SLE would influence periodontal disease and vice versa. However, this issue is not yet fully elucidated and several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association, as deregulation mainly in innate immune system, with action of phagocytic cells and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 in both conditions' pathogenesis, leading to tissue destruction. However, studies assessing the relationship between these diseases are scarce, and more studies focused on common immunological mechanisms should be conducted to further understanding.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-01-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0765.2010.01303.X
Abstract: Previous studies have reported an increased prevalence/severity of chronic periodontitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. However, the pathogenesis of periodontal lesions in such patients has not been characterized. The aim of this pilot study was to characterize the pattern of expression of cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid and serum from patients with untreated chronic periodontitis and Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and systemically healthy controls. Fifteen patients with Crohn's disease, 15 patients with ulcerative colitis and 15 controls participated in the study. All subjects had been diagnosed with untreated chronic periodontitis. The clinical parameters evaluated were clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing and percentage of plaque. The gingival crevicular fluid was s led from four shallow and four deep periodontal sites of each patient. The concentrations of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured using a commercially available Lincoplex kit and the concentration of IL-18 was measured using an ELISA. Multiple comparisons analysis showed that clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing, percentage of plaque and volume of gingival crevicular fluid were similar across the groups. The concentration of IL-4 in the gingival crevicular fluid differed significantly between groups in shallow sites (p = 0.046), with higher values found for the controls. In serum, the concentration of IL-18 was also significantly different between groups, with lower values found for controls (p = 0.018). This study showed a higher concentration of IL-18 in serum, but not in the gingival crevicular fluid, from periodontitis patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis compared with controls. The expression of cytokines was similar in the gingival crevicular fluid from patients with untreated chronic periodontitis who also had Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis and in systemically healthy controls with untreated chronic periodontitis.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2022.136609
Abstract: Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) are a global problem with serious consequences for public health and many sectors of the economy. The use of algicidal bacteria as natural antagonists to control bloom-forming cyanobacteria is a topic of growing interest. However, there are still unresolved questions that need to be addressed to better understand their mode of action and to implement effective mitigation strategies. In this study, thirteen bacterial strains isolated from both scums and concentrated bloom s les exhibited algicidal activity on three Microcystis aeruginosa strains with different characteristics: the axenic microcystin (MC)-producing strain M. aeruginosa PCC7820 (MaPCC7820), and two environmental (non-axenic) M. aeruginosa strains isolated from two different water bodies in Poland, one MC-producer (MaSU) and another non-MC-producer (MaPN). The bacterial strain SU7S0818 exerted the highest average algicidal effect on the three cyanobacterial strains. This strain was identified as Morganella morganii (99.51% similarity) by the 16S rRNA gene analyses hence, this is the first study that demonstrates the algicidal properties of these ubiquitous bacteria. Microscopic cell counting and qPCR analyses showed that M. morganii SU7S0818 removed 91%, 96%, and 98.5% of MaPCC7820, MaSU and MaPN cells after 6 days of co-culture, respectively. Interestingly, the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS) analyses showed that this bacterium was involved on the release of several substances with algicidal potential. It was remarkable how the profile of some compounds evolved over time, as in the case of cadaverine, tyramine, cyclo[Pro-Gly] and cyclo[Pro-Val]. These dynamic changes could be attributed to the action of M. morganii SU7S0818 and the presence of associated bacteria with environmental cyanobacterial strains. Therefore, this study sheds light on how algicidal bacteria may adapt their action on cyanobacterial cells by releasing a combination of compounds, which is a crucial insight to exploit them as effective biological tools in the control of cyanoHABs.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-06-2019
DOI: 10.1111/JICD.12422
Abstract: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the cytosolic and nuclear-mitochondrial expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers in gingival tissue from patients with severe generalized chronic periodontitis (sGCP). Twenty-four patients participated in the study: 15 (54.3 + 8.3 years) with sGCP and nine (38.2 + 5.4 years) with gingivitis alone. Gingival tissue was collected using a 1.5-mm diameter punch and homogenized using a cell disruptor. The supernatants were analyzed for the cytosolic and nuclear-mitochondrial fractions of caspase-3, Bax, Bak, Smac, lamin B, Bad, Bim, survivin, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, and of the dimers Bcl-2/Bax, Bcl-xL/Bak and Mcl-1/Bak using a multiplex immunoassay. Significantly higher levels of cytosolic Bcl-xL/Bak, nuclear-mitochondrial Mcl-1/Bak, and cytosolic Bcl-xL were observed in gingival tissues from periodontitis patients compared to controls (P = 0.03, 0.03, and 0.05, respectively). The patients with gingivitis presented significantly increased levels of nuclear-mitochondrial Bad, cytosolic and nuclear-mitochondrial Bcl-2/Bax, and cytosolic Bim compared to the patients with periodontitis (P < 0.001, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.04, respectively). Significantly higher levels of anti-apoptotic markers, such as Bcl-xL/Bak, Mcl-1/Bak, and Bcl-xL, and lower levels of pro-apoptotic markers Bad and Bim in inflamed tissues indicate an anti-apoptotic trait in patients with sGCP.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-05-2020
DOI: 10.1002/JDD.12179
Publisher: Korean Academy of Periodontology
Date: 2014
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1590/S0103-64402012000400020
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the non-surgical periodontal treatment in reducing the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of IL-18 from inflamed periodontal sites. Fourteen patients with periodontal disease were included, being 9 patients with chronic periodontitis (mean age: 48.8 SD ± 7.4 years) and 5 patients with gingivitis (mean age: 43.6 SD ± 11.8). The patients were ided in the following groups: gingivitis sites from periodontitis patients (sites GP), periodontitis sites from periodontitis patients (sites PP), and gingivitis sites from gingivitis patients (sites GG). Probing pocket depth (PPD), probing attachment level (AL), plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were recorded, and gingival fluid s les were collected. The subjects received non-surgical treatment and were re-evaluated 30 days after treatment (day 30 AT). There was a significant reduction in PI in GG (1.0 ± 0.4 to 0.5 ± 0.2), GP (1.2 ± 0.3 to 0.5 ± 0.3), and in PP (1.3 ± 0.4 to 0.7 ± 0.3) 30 AT. There was also a significant reduction in the GI in GG (1.3 ± 0.3 to 0.7 ± 0.4). PPD reduced significantly in GG (2.4 ± 0.6 to 1.9 ± 0.1), and PP (6.7 ± 1.1 to 5.2 ± 0.9) 30 AT. When all the s les were analyzed together, there was a significant reduction in IL-18 (12.9 ± 7.2 to 10.0 ± 3.1). This study showed that non-surgical treatment was effective in reducing GCF levels of IL-18 from inflamed periodontal sites.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-06-2023
DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202306.1141.V1
Abstract: We sought to evaluate the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on periodontal clinical parameters, systemic blood pressure (BP) and plasma levels of systemic inflammation markers in patients with combined refractory arterial hypertension (RAH) and stage III grade B periodontitis. Twenty-seven participants with RAH and periodontitis received NSPT. The analyzed clinical parameters were probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index (PI). An assessment was performed for systemic BP, complete blood count, coagulogram, creatinine measurement, C-reactive protein (CRP), glycated hemoglobin, cholesterol, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamate pyruvic transaminase, waist-hip ratio, and body mass index. In the follow-up period, twenty-two patients were evaluated at baseline and after 90 and 180 days. The data were submitted to statistical analysis (α=0.05%). As expected, the clinical results showed a significant improvement in the percentages of PI, BOP, PD and CAL, which were statistically significant at 90 and 180 days (p& .0001). Importantly, NSPT significantly reduced the blood level of CRP (p& .02). However, no significant reduction in BP parameters was noted in the evaluated follow-up periods. NSPT, despite the benefits in periodontal clinical parameters, reduced the plasma level of CRP but not the BP in patients with combined RAH and periodontitis.
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2015
Abstract: There are no studies comparing the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cytokines expression with its corresponding values from the same tissue's sites. Such comparison might be of great value since most of the cytokine function is related to cell and/or tissue receptors. Our aim was to use minimally invasive biopsies to evaluate the expression of interferon-gamma, interleukin 1 (IL-1) β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-17F, and their correlation with the expression in gingival fluid in patients with chronic periodontitis. The collection of gingival fluid comprised 22 s les from 11 patients (mean age 46.73 ± 10.16 standard deviation years) with chronic periodontitis. The collection of biopsies comprised 22 s les from the same patients. Gingival fluid and biopsy were taken from the same site in one shallow and one deep site per patient. Gingival fluid s les were collected with periopaper® and analyzed using Luminex®. Biopsies were taken with a 2 mm diameter punch and analyzed for the same mediators using immunohistochemistry. The gingival fluid showed higher amounts for IL-1-β in deep sites. Immunohistochemical markers were observed in the analyzed cells groups, both in deep and shallow sites, without significant differences between them. In the comparative analysis between immunohistochemical markers and GCF, IL-1-β showed high concordance in shallow and deep sites. The use of a standardized punch of 2 mm diameter for periodontal tissue biopsies seems to be suitable for immunohistochemistry analysis and showed that the GCF may not express all the markers in the same proportion at the corresponding tissue.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-06-2016
DOI: 10.1111/CLR.12886
Abstract: This study aimed to compare Th17-related cytokines named IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, IFN-γ, sCD40L and TNF-α in peri-implant fluid (PIF) from mucositis sites in patients having either peri-implantitis, periodontitis or without interproximal alveolar bone loss. Thirty-three patients diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis were ided into three groups: in iduals with peri-implant mucositis but without any signs of interproximal alveolar bone loss (group 1, n = 10), in iduals with peri-implantitis (group 2, n = 14) and in iduals with periodontitis (group 3, n = 9). Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), visible plaque index and bleeding on probing were measured. PIF was collected from mucositis sites in patients from the three groups and from peri-implantitis (group 2) and periodontitis sites (group 3). Cytokines were measured by a bead-based multiplex assay. Probing depth was significantly lower in group 1 when compared to both groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.001 and P = 0.01, respectively). There was no significant difference in cytokine levels in mucositis sites among the three groups. In group 2, IL-21 level was significantly higher in mucositis compared to peri-implantitis sites (P = 0.04). The expression of Th17-related cytokines in PIF from mucositis sites seems to be similar regardless the presence or not of alveolar bone loss around implants or teeth.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-06-2005
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1902/JOP.2005.76.6.951
Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with severe periodontitis and patients with gingivitis alone. The study population comprised 22 patients with gingivitis and 44 with periodontitis. S les of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected from untreated patients with gingivitis and from shallow and deep pockets in untreated patients with periodontitis. GCF s les were analyzed for lactoferrin, elastase, matrix metalloproteinase-8 and -9, and collagenolytic activity. The free elastase activity and the neutrophil activity, estimated as the ratio between elastase and lactoferrin, were significantly higher in the s les from the periodontitis patients. These differences were also observed in shallow pockets in periodontitis patients compared to similar pockets in patients with gingivitis. This study shows higher levels of free elastase in untreated patients with periodontitis, relative to inflammation-matched controls, which may explain the tissue destruction seen in periodontitis.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.OOOO.2019.02.014
Abstract: Our aim was to conduct a systematic review (SR) of the literature assessing the role of human biomarkers in the diagnosis or prognostication of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ). An electronic search without date or language restriction was carried out in PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and LILACS for publications until March 2018. In addition, a manual search in the gray literature was conducted. The search process was performed by 2 independent reviewing authors. Eligibility criteria included randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials, prospective or retrospective cohorts, case controls, and case series evaluating the association between biomarkers and MRONJ. The protocol of this SR was registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42018095886. The search and selection process yielded 19 studies (2 case series, 6 case-control studies, 9 prospective cohort studies, and 2 retrospective studies) published between 2008 and 2018. Twenty-four biomarkers collected from serum, saliva, and urine were investigated by these studies. Eleven biomarkers were possibly related to MRONJ however, no consensus is observed in the literature with regard to the sensitivity and clinical effectiveness of these biomarkers. Although many biomarkers have been associated with MRONJ, the present SR found scarce clinical evidence supporting the use of these biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of MRONJ.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2017
Abstract: Colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1 and interleukin (IL)-34 are macrophage growth factors and regulators of osteoclastogenesis. Their potential involvement in periodontal disease is yet unknown. The aim of this study is to explore the presence of CSF-1 and IL-34 in whole saliva in relation to periodontal disease. Protocol validation was assessed in saliva of healthy donors (n = 21) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Salivary CSF-1, IL-34, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, a biomarker candidate of periodontitis, were determined in 48 patients (29 patients with periodontitis, 12 with gingivitis, and seven healthy patients) and related to the following clinical periodontal parameters: bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, and plaque index. An additional separate group of patients with gingivitis (n = 21) and some of the patients with periodontitis (n = 11) were subjected to non-surgical periodontal treatment, whereupon changes in salivary CSF-1, IL-34, and MMP-8 levels were determined and related to periodontal outcome. Patients with periodontitis displayed higher CSF-1 and MMP-8 levels in saliva compared with healthy patients, and IL-34 levels were lower. A higher CSF-1/IL-34 ratio was observed in patients with periodontitis compared with healthy patients. There was a positive correlation between CSF-1 and MMP-8, which both correlated negatively to IL-34, in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. Clinical periodontal parameters correlated positively with CSF-1, MMP-8, and with the CSF-1/IL-34 ratio, and negatively with IL-34 in patients with periodontitis. After treatment CSF-1 and MMP-8 levels decreased together with observed clinical improvement in patients with gingivitis. CSF-1 and IL-34 are present in saliva and seem to have complementary roles in periodontal disease: IL-34 in steady-state and CSF-1 in inflammation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-10-2003
DOI: 10.1034/J.1600-051X.2003.00406.X
Abstract: Our aim was to compare the periodontal conditions in a group of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients with those in a control group of healthy subjects (CTR). Thirty-two patients with JIA and 24 controls were selected. The measurements used to diagnose periodontal disease included plaque and bleeding scores, probing depths (PDs) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Laboratory indicators of JIA activity included the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and capsule-reactive protein (CRP). The Mann-Whitney test was used to evaluate the data (alpha = 0.05). The mean ages were 15.9 (+/- 2.7) years and 14.7 (+/- 2.3) years for groups JIA and CTR, respectively. The median ESR was 42 mm/h 13 mm/h in the CTR group (p = 0.032) and the median CRP was 1.9 and 0.4 mg/l, respectively (p = 0.001). The prevalence of patients with a proximal attachment loss of 2mm or more in the JIA group was 25% and in controls it was 4.2%. The mean percentages of visible plaque and marginal bleeding were similar in the JIA (54 +/- 22 and 30 +/- 16, respectively) and CTR groups (44 +/- 18 and 29 +/- 11, respectively). The mean percentages of sites with PD > or = 4 mm were significantly higher in the JIA group (3 +/- 4.7) than in the CTR group (0.4 +/- 1.7) (p = 0.012). The mean percentages of sites with proximal CAL > or = 2 mm were 0.7 (+/- 1.4) in the JIA group and 0.001 (+/- 0.2) in the CTR group (p = 0.022). Adolescents with JIA present more periodontal attachment loss than healthy controls, in spite of similar plaque and marginal bleeding levels.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-04-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-12-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0765.2011.01449.X
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTVE: Chronic inflammatory diseases have been investigated as a possible source of inflammation in chronic kidney disease patients however, there is a shortage of information about the prevalence of periodontitis in such in iduals. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the extent and severity of periodontitis in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing the following three different treatment modalities: predialysis continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and hemodialysis (HD) and to compare the findings with those from systemically healthy in iduals. Forty CAPD patients (mean age 52±12 years), 40 HD patients (mean age 50±10 years), 51 predialysis patients (mean age 54±11 years) and 67 healthy in iduals (mean age 50±7 years) were examined. The periodontal examination included probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing and presence of plaque. Patients with at least four sites with clinical attachment loss ≥6 mm were considered to have severe chronic periodontitis, and those with at least 30% of sites with clinical attachment loss ≥4 mm were considered to have generalized chronic periodontitis. Predialysis and HD patients had significantly more sites with clinical attachment loss ≥6 mm than healthy in iduals. The CAPD patients had similar periodontal condition to healthy subjects. There were significantly more cases of severe chronic periodontitis in predialysis and HD patients. Predialysis and HD are associated with a higher prevalence of severe periodontitis compared with healthy in iduals and CAPD patients.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2011
Abstract: Our goal was to examine differences in clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic responses to non-surgical mechanical therapy in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). Twenty patients with GCP and 14 patients with GAgP were evaluated. Clinical data, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and subgingival plaque s les were collected at baseline and 3 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Levels of 40 subgingival species were measured using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. GCF interleukin (IL)-1β, -4, and -8 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were analyzed using a multiplexed bead immunoassay, and elastase activity was measured using an enzymatic assay. The significance of changes with time was examined using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Changes in clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic parameters after therapy were compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. After periodontal therapy, we found significant improvements for all clinical parameters in both groups. We also observed significant reductions in elastase activity in shallow and deep sites from the GAgP group and in deep sites from the GCP group. Microbiologic data showed significant reductions in proportions of orange and red complexes and an increase in proportions of Actinomyces species in both clinical groups. When the clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic responses after therapy were compared between groups, only minor differences were found. This study fails to show any significant differences between severe forms of GCP and GAgP in response to non-surgical periodontal treatment.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-10-2021
Abstract: Understanding nitrogen (N) release patterns and kinetics is a key challenge for improving N use efficiency in any agroecosystem. An incubation experiment was done to study the N release pattern and kinetics of contrasting soils amended with compost (CO), poultry manure (PM), rice husk biochar (RHB), poultry manure biochar (PMB) and cowdung (CD) combined with chemical fertilizer (integrated plant nutrient system, IPNS approach) under two moisture regimes, viz. field capacity (FC) and continuous standing water (CSW) at 25 °C for 120 days. Our results revealed that NH4+-N was the dominant under CSW conditions, whereas NO3−-N was dominant under FC conditions. Net mineral N data fitted well to the first order kinetic model. Both N release potential (N0) and rate constant (k) were greater in acidic soil than those of charland soil. The maximum N release varied between 24.90–76.29% of input depending on soil type and moisture status. N mineralization was strongly correlated with urea N application. PM and PMB mineralized in all soil and moisture conditions whereas N immobilization was observed in the case of RHB. N mineralization was strongly correlated with urea N application. Gaseous N losses were different for the organic amendments exhibiting more gaseous N losses in PM, CD and CO based IPNS whereas the lowest gaseous N loss was observed in PMB based IPNS. Biochar based IPNS increased soil pH in all conditions. Thus, the present study suggests that N release depends on soil type, soil moisture and type of organic amendment. However, CO, PM and CD based IPNS can be recommended for both acidic and charland soils in terms of N release as short duration crops will suffer from N deficiency if biochar based IPNS is used in the field.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-06-2023
DOI: 10.3390/JCM12134326
Abstract: Our research aimed to explore how resolving periodontal inflammation impacts cytokine expression in the colons of aged Wistar rats. Research studies involving animals have been conducted to investigate the two-way relationship between periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), where chronic inflammation in either the mouth or intestines can negatively affect the other. We allocated seventeen male Wistar rats aged between 8 and 11 months to one of four groups: (1) ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP) without the resolution of periodontal inflammation (RPI) (LIP n = 4), (2) LIP + RPI (n = 4), (3) LIP + dextran-sulphate-sodium-induced colitis (DIC) without RPI (n = 4), and LIP + DIC + RPI (n = 5). We performed histopathological and immunological analyses on periodontal and intestinal tissues and analysed cytokine expressions using a Rat Cytokine 23-Plex Immunoassay. Our findings showed that animals with and without DIC who underwent RPI showed significantly lower levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IL-18, and TNF-α in the intestine compared to those without treatment. The RPI effectively reduced the number of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria and restored the epithelial barrier in the intestine in animals with DIC. The resolution of periodontal inflammation significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the intestines of aged rats with and without DSS-induced colitis.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.3402/JOM.V7.27685
Abstract: This study aimed at evaluating the bacterial colonization in dental implants inserted in the crestal or supracrestal position and correlated it to radiographic bone measurements. Thirty-five implants with regular platform in nine patients (mean age 62.4±11.2 years) were inserted either at the bone crest level (control group) or at a suprecrestal level (test group). Radiographic examination was performed at baseline (implant installation) and after 6 months. Clinical and microbiological data were collected after 6 months. Digital radiography was used to assess bone remodeling (marginal bone loss and optical alveolar density). Bacterial profile was analyzed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization, including a panel of 40 bacterial species. After 6 months, there were significantly higher counts of Actinomyces gerencseriae (p=0.009) and Streptococcus constellatus (p=0.05) in the test group. No significant differences between test and control groups were observed for marginal bone loss (p=0.725) and optical alveolar density (p=0.975). Probing depth was similar in both groups. Significantly higher counts of A. gerencseriae and S. constellatus were found in implants placed at the supracrestal level compared to the ones placed at the bone level. No relation was found between the installation level of dental implants and peri-implant bone remodeling.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-1998
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-051X.1998.TB02483.X
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of free elastase in GCF S les were taken from inflamed sites in 12 subjects with gingivitis alone and from inflamed sites with and without tissue destruction in 19 patients having periodontitis. Elastase activity was measured with a low molecular weight substrate. To distinguish between free elastase and elastase bound to alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2MG), an excess of alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) was added to the s les. The activity that could be inhibited by A1AT was considered as free elastase, and the uninhibited activity as derived from the elastase-A2MG complex. The elastase-A1AT complex was measured with an ELISA. Free elastase was found in almost all s les, but both the total amount and the proportion of free elastase were higher in s les from sites showing destruction. The elastase-A2MG complex was also increased in sites with tissue destruction, while there was no significant difference in the amount of A1AT complex between the 3 categories of sites. In conclusion, our study clearly reveals free elastase in GCF The elevated levels of free elastase in sites showing tissue destruction seem to be due to a combination of increased release of elastase and an inactivation of A1AT.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-1998
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-051X.1998.TB02445.X
Abstract: Our aim was to study protease activity in GCF from inflamed sites with or without tissue destruction. 19 patients with both periodontitis and gingivitis sites and 12 patients having gingivitis alone participated in the study. GCF s les were collected by an intracrevicular washing method. The protease activity was measured as degradation of FITC-conjugated casein. To obtain a semiquantitative estimate of the harvested GCF volume, we measured the transferrin concentration in the wash-fluid. The protease activity was significantly higher in the deep pockets in periodontitis patients than in shallow pockets in the same patients. This difference was still higher when the ratio of protease activity to the amount of transferrin in the s le was plotted. Although protease activity was lower in s les from gingivitis patients than in the deep pockets in periodontitis patients, the difference was not significant. About 90% of the activity could be inhibited by the addition of an excess amount of alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT). This study shows that protease activity is higher in inflamed sites with tissue destruction than in inflamed sites without. Most of this activity could be inhibited by A1AT, which suggests that the activity is due to an imbalance between protease and antiprotease rather than to proteases insensitive to A1AT.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-03-2011
DOI: 10.1093/EJO/CJQ148
Abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and monocyte chemoattractants are key modulators of the biological mechanisms triggered in the periodontium by mechanical forces. The gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) provides a non-invasive method to assess longitudinally the release of inflammatory mediators during orthodontic tooth movement. The goal of this study was to examine the GCF levels of MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 and of the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and regulated on activation normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) at different time points during orthodontic tooth movement. Fourteen subjects (three males and 11 females, 18.8 ± 4.8 years of age range from 12 to 28 years) had their maxillary canines retracted. Thirty-second GCF s les were collected from the tension and pressure sides 7 days prior to the activation of the orthodontic appliance, on the day of activation, and after 1 and 24 hours, and 14, 21, and 80 days of constant force application. The volume of GCF was measured and s les analysed using a multiplexed bead immunoassay for the content of the six target molecules. Differences in the mean GFC volumes and mean level for each analyte over time were assessed using the Friedman test, and differences between the tension and pressure sides at each time point with the Mann-Whitney test. The mean levels of the three MMPs changed significantly over time but only at the compression side (P < 0.05, Friedman test). The GCF levels of the three chemokines were not affected by the application of mechanical stress. The levels of MMPs in GCF at the pressure side are modulated by the application of orthodontic force.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-10-2012
DOI: 10.1111/CLR.12052
Abstract: This study aimed to measure the levels of GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and saliva from patients with peri-implant disease. Twenty two total edentulous patients were ided into two groups: Mucositis (MU) patients with bone loss around the implants until the first thread and pocket depth ≤3 mm, and Peri-implantitis (PI) patients with at least one implant with bone loss around two or more threads and pocket depth ≥4 mm. The clinical parameters evaluated were probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and percentage of plaque. PICF s les were collected from MU sites, and from shallow (SPI) and deep (DPI) sites in PI. Unstimulated whole and parotid duct saliva was collected from all patients. The cytokines were measured by a multiplexed immunoassay. PI patients had a higher percentage of plaque compared with MU (P = 0.02). MU sites had lower pocket depth compared to SPI (P = 0.001) and to DPI (P ≤ 0.001). In PICF, the levels of IL-1β were significantly higher in SPI sites compared to MU (P = 0.03). In the saliva from parotid, IL-8 and IL-12 were significantly higher in patients with PI (P = 0.04). Elevated levels of IL-1β in PICF seem to be a characteristic trait of patients with peri-implantitis. The parotid duct saliva showed a significant increase in expression of IL-8, which might be related to a systemic response.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-02-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2000
DOI: 10.1034/J.1600-051X.2000.027008572.X
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate whether circulating neutrophils from patients with periodontitis contain more catalytically active elastase than neutrophils from healthy controls. The amount of IL-1beta in these cells was also analyzed and the correlation with elastase activity was tested. The periodontitis group consisted of 15 subjects with marked periodontal destruction. The healthy control group consisted of 15 subjects with no clinical signs of periodontal destruction. The elastase activity and the IL-1beta content in the cells were measured with flow cytometry using a specific substrate and antibodies, respectively. The plasma concentration of IL-1beta and the total content of antigenic elastase in the crushed cells were measured with an ELISA. The elastase activity per neutrophil was significantly higher in the patients than in the controls, while the total antigenic elastase content did not differ. The % of cells positively stained for IL- 1beta was somewhat higher in the patient group. Significantly higher amounts of IL-1beta per s le, estimated by multiplying the % of stained cell with the amount of staining per cell, were found in the patient group. A significant correlation between IL-Ibeta and elastase activity was noted in the patient group (R=0.6, p=0.001), but not in the control group. In conclusion, peripheral neutrophils from patients with adult periodontitis express more active elastase and total amounts of IL-1. The similar amounts of antigenic elastase suggests that this higher activity is possibly due to some kind of priming/activation already in the circulation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-05-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JRE.12390
Abstract: This pilot cohort study evaluated the effect of periodontal treatment on renal function, metabolic markers and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) presenting chronic periodontitis. Twenty-six patients with CKD and severe chronic periodontitis were selected. Periodontal parameters included plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), triglycerides, total cholesterol, albumin and ADMA levels were evaluated at baseline, 90 and 180 d after periodontal therapy. eGFR was evaluated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. All periodontal clinical parameters significantly improved (p < 0.05) 180 d after periodontal therapy. There was a significant improvement on the median values (25% 75% percentiles) of eGFR from 34.6 (27 44.7) mL/min/1.73 m The results point to a link of kidney disease with endothelium dysfunction and periodontitis, suggesting that periodontal treatment may be beneficial to the course of CKD.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: American Academy of Implant Dentistry
Date: 27-12-2019
DOI: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-18-00222
Abstract: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate bacterial colonization, marginal bone loss, and optical alveolar density in implants with Morse taper (MT) and external hexagon (EH) connections. Thirty-five implants were installed in 7 patients (mean age: 65.8 ± 6.7 years). Implants were ided into 2 groups, according to platform design: G1 - MT, installed 2mm infra-osseous and G2 - EH, positioned according to Branemark protocol. Patients were evaluated at baseline (T0), 21 days (T1), 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3), and 12 months (T4) after installations. Bone loss and alveolar density were evaluated by standardized periapical radiographs and bacterial profile with checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0. To present the results, boxplots and a line graph of mean were used. P-values ≤ .05 were statistically significant. After 3 months, alveolar bone loss was significantly higher in the G2 (T2-T0: P = .006 T3-T0: P = .003 and T4-T0: P = .005). No significant differences between G1 and G2 groups were observed for optical alveolar density. Microbiological analysis showed similar profiles between studied groups however, there were significantly higher counts of Tannerella forsythia (P = .048), C ylobacter showae (P = .038), and Actinomyces naeslundii (P = .027) in G1 after 12 months. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there was less peri-implant bone loss in MT compared to EH connections, but microbiological profile did not seem to influence bone changes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1590/S0103-64402009000300003
Abstract: The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate the use of alloderm to increase the width of attached gingiva. Nine patients were selected. The inclusion criteria were: attached gingiva smaller than 1 mm Miller's class I and II gingival recession patients able to attend control dental appointments absence of periodontal pocket and endodontic treatment in the neighboring area where the acellular dermal graft would be placed. The clinical evaluation included: allograft shrinkage 7, 14, 21, 30, 60 and 90 days after surgery width of attached gingiva at the end of the study difference in color and mobility of allograft. Allograft shrinkage was calculated by comparing its area immediately after surgery to its areas in the other days. Five standardized photographs were taken, digitized and the allograft area was measured. Paired Student's t-test was used to compare the clinical data (α=0.05). The mean allograft shrinkage 90 days after surgery was 90.43% and the mean width was 1.27 mm. Difference in color was observed in only 1 subject and no allograft mobility was detected. The results showed a large shrinkage of allograft 90 days after its insertion, raising doubts as to its validity for increasing the width of attached gingiva.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-08-2022
DOI: 10.3390/PATHOGENS11090983
Abstract: C5a is a powerful complement effector molecule that is considered to be an important proinflammatory mediator in several systemic chronic inflammatory diseases. However, its levels in periodontal diseases are yet to be assessed. We aimed to analyse the secretion of C5a in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva of patients with periodontal disease. Twenty-eight patients diagnosed with stage 3–4 periodontitis and 16 periodontally healthy subjects participated in this study. GCF was collected from sites with the deepest probing depth of each patient, and volume was measured using a Periotron 8000®. One mL of unstimulated saliva was also collected. S les were analysed using a commercially available ELISA kit. The data were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U test, Pearson’s bivariate testing, and receiver operating characteristic curve. C5a was present in GCF from patients with periodontitis (1.06 ± 0.25 ng/mL) whilst it was undetected in controls. Saliva concentration was also significantly higher in periodontitis (1.82 ± 2.31 ng/mL) than controls (0.60 ± 0.72 ng/mL, p = 0.006). C5a levels were more pronounced in periodontitis in both oral fluids assessed by the present pilot study. These results suggest that the more pronounced levels of C5a in oral fluids from periodontitis patients indicate a potential role of this molecule in this disease pathogenesis, deserving to be better explored in subsequent studies.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2013
Abstract: Several studies have suggested an increase of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk on periodontitis patients. An enhancement has been demonstrated on both platelet activation and oxidative stress on periodontitis patients, which may contribute for this association. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on the l-arginine-nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway and oxidative status in platelets. A total of eight periodontitis patients and eight controls were included in this study. Clinical, laboratory and experimental evaluations were performed on baseline and 90 days after periodontal treatment (except for western blot analysis). The clinical periodontal evaluation included measurements of probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), % of sites with plaque and % of sites with bleeding on probing. We evaluated: l-[ 3 H]arginine influx nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and arginase enzymes activity and expression expression of guanylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase-5 enzymes cGMP levels platelet aggregation oxidative status through superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The initial results showed an activation of both l-arginine influx and via system y + L associated with reduced intraplatelet cGMP levels in periodontitis patients and increased systemic levels of CRP. After periodontal treatment, there was a significant reduction of the % of sites with PPD 4–5mm, % of sites with CAL 4–5 mm, and an enhancement in cGMP levels and SOD activity. Moreover, CRP levels were reduced after treatment. Therefore, alterations in the intraplatelet l-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway and oxidant–antioxidant balance associated with a systemic inflammatory response may lead to platelet dysfunction, which may contribute to a higher risk of CVD in periodontitis.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1999
DOI: 10.1902/JOP.1999.70.12.1457
Abstract: The levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) have been reported to be higher in sites with periodontitis than in healthy controls. This may be the result of a more severe inflammation and/or constitutional differences in IL-1beta production. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that the level of IL-1beta in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a characteristic trait of periodontitis, regardless of the degree of tissue destruction. As a secondary aim, we investigated the correlation between IL-1beta and neutrophil elastase. An untreated population was used. GCF s les from inflamed sites in 13 patients with gingivitis (GG), and from inflamed sites with shallow (GP) and deep (PP) pockets in 18 patients with periodontitis were collected. Interleukin-1beta, elastase-alpha-1-antitrypsin complex (E-A1AT), alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), and alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2MG) were measured with ELISA. Elastase activity was measured with a specific substrate. The concentration of IL-1beta was significantly higher in PP than in GG, but no significant differences were detected between PP and GP. A weak positive correlation between the elastase activity and IL-1beta was also observed. The elastase activity had a tendency to be higher in PP, although no significant difference was found among the 3 groups. The concentrations of E-A1AT, A1AT, and A2MG were similar in the 3 types of sites. The levels of IL-1beta in GCF were increased in s les from periodontitis patients, regardless of the severity of disease at the s led site, suggesting that the levels of IL-1beta are typical of a given patient.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-12-2020
DOI: 10.1002/CRE2.360
Abstract: While tobacco cigarette smoking has been proven to be a risk factor for periodontitis, limited information is available regarding vaping, a new alternative to smoking that has been branded as less harmful. Several important in vitro studies have shown that vaping has a similarly damaging effect as cigarette smoking on the health of the periodontium. However, a comprehensive review is lacking in this field. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the literature about the impact of vaping on periodontitis. The research question was created using the PICOs format. A systematic search of the following electronic databases was performed up to March 2020: Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and grey literature. Human studies that assessed periodontal status (plaque index, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss, marginal bone loss, and probing depth) in e‐cigarette users compared to non‐smokers (control group) were assessed based on an estimate of fixed effects. The weights of the studies were calculated based on their risks of bias. After duplicates were removed, 1,659 studies were screened and 8 case–control studies that investigated the relationship between vaping and periodontal parameters in humans were selected after their risk of bias assessment. Estimated effects of vaping after weighting results based on their standard deviation showed increased plaque, marginal bone loss, clinical attachment loss, pocket depth, and reduced bleeding on probing. This study concluded that there is not enough evidence to fully characterize the impacts of vaping on periodontitis. However, within the limitations of our review and the selected included studies, the available results point to increased destruction of the periodontium leading to the development of the disease.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CYTO.2017.01.016
Abstract: This study assessed the cytokine expression in gingival and intestinal tissues from periodontitis patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and evaluated if IBD activity is a covariate to the amount of gingival cytokines. Paired gingival and intestinal tissues were collected from 21 patients and homogenised using a cell disruptor. Cytokine expression (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, IL-17A, IL-17F, IFN-γ, sCD40L, and TNF-α) was evaluated using bead-based multiplex technology. An inflammation score was developed using the intestinal cytokines that showed good accuracy to discriminate IBD active patients from those in remission and then a similar score was applied to gingival tissue. IL-4, IL-10 and IL-21 expressions were significantly increased in gingival tissue from patients with an active disease as compared to those with a disease in remission. The inflammation score (mean value of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-21, and sCD40L) was significantly higher in gingival tissue from patients with IBD activity. There was a significant correlation between gingival and intestinal inflammation scores (rho=0.548 P=0.01). Significantly higher IL-23 and IFN-γ levels and lower IL-31 and TNF-α levels were observed in gingival tissues than in intestinal ones. Activity of inflammatory bowel disease influenced the cytokine expression in gingival tissue.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-05-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S00784-019-02935-8
Abstract: Colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1 and interleukin (IL)-34 are growth factors that regulate myeloid cell functions and support osteoclastogenesis. CSF-1 and IL-34 levels in peri-implant diseases are yet unknown. This study evaluated CSF-1, IL-34, and IL-1β levels in saliva and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) from patients having mucositis or peri-implantitis, as well as their correlation to clinical parameters of disease. Forty-three patients were included (mean age 61.1 ± 8.4 62.8% female), 20 having mucositis and 23 having peri-implantitis. Patients were clinically examined and unstimulated whole saliva and PICF were collected. Levels of CSF-1, IL-34, and IL-1β were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. CSF-1 levels were higher in PICF from peri-implantitis compared with mucositis patients (p = 0.028), whereas IL-34 levels showed no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.060). No significant difference was found in PICF IL-1β levels between the groups. Salivary levels of CSF-1 and IL-34 did not differ significantly between mucositis and peri-implantitis. No significant difference was observed in the salivary levels of IL-1β between groups (p = 0.061). CSF-1 and IL-1β correlated significantly in both saliva and PICF. CSF-1 levels in saliva correlated with its levels in PICF. PICF CSF-1 levels showed potential to discriminate between peri-implantitis and mucositis (AUC = 0.695, 95% CI 0.53-0.85 p = 0.029). Increased levels of CSF-1 in peri-implant crevicular fluid, but not in saliva, were found in peri-implantitis patients, which might aid to discriminate the early and late stages of peri-implant diseases. This result suggests an increased osteoclastogenic potential in peri-implantitis patients.
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701560
Abstract: Abstract Cell-derived microparticles (MPs) have been described as vital contributors to the inflammatory process. However, its role in the periodontal disease pathogenesis remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to detect the presence neutrophil (CD66b+) and platelet (CD41b+) derived microparticles in gingival crevicular fluid from in iduals having periodontitis aggravated by type 2 diabetes. Twelve patients (56.2 ±7.2 yrs) with severe form of chronic periodontitis aggravated by type 2 diabetes were included. Clinical and metabolic data were gathered. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected using filter strips from deep and shallow sites. MPs were detected by flow cytometry according to their size ( 1 µm) and the expression of surface markers (CD66b for neutrophil-derived MPs and CD41b for platelet-derived MPs). All s les were positive for the antibodies. Median levels of CD66b+ MPs and CD41b+ MPs were, respectively, 3,677.0 (2,553.2 - 9,059.8) MP/µL and 520.7 (432.9 - 766.1) MP/µL in deep sites. In shallow sites, the corresponding values were 2,644.9 (1,451.5 - 3,858.9) MP/µL and 371.2 (287.2 - 692.7) MP/µL. There was no significant difference between deep and shallow sites (p .05). In conclusion, this study reported the presence of neutrophil and platelet derived microparticles in gingival crevicular fluid from in iduals having severe periodontitis and type 2 diabetes.
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2022.VOL36.0128
Abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize the salivary metabolomic profile in adolescents with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE). A total of 24 adolescents with jSLE (15.92 ± 2.06 years) and 12 systemically healthy controls (15.25 ± 2.7 years) were included in the study. Participants underwent rheumatologic testing and periodontal examination, with the recording of plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing index (BPI). Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from both groups and stored at -80 ºC. The salivary proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra were acquired in a spectrometer operating at 500 MHz. Partial least squared discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal PLS-DA (O-PLS-DA) were used for statistical analysis. Mean CAL and PI were significantly increased in the group with jSLE (p < 0.01). Patients with jSLE presented a significantly different salivary metabolic profile (accuracy = 0.54 R2 = 0.86 Q2 = -0.293), significantly higher salivary levels of N-acetyl sugars, and significantly reduced levels of phenylalanine, glycine, taurine, hydroxybutyrate, and valerate compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). It is suggested that the salivary metabolomic profile analyzed by 1H NMR in patients with jSLE presents a different fingerprint that the systemically healthy subjects. Integrating the variation of metabolites with the identification of the metabolic pathways involved seems to provide a better understanding of the influence of systemic disease on salivary metabolites.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-09-2021
DOI: 10.3390/MA14175058
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the existing literature to assess the clinical survival and success of PICN and ZLS indirect restorations as the clinical evidence for them remains lacking. PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, LILACs, and SciElo databases were searched from 1 January 2000 to 1 February 2021. Clinical trials and cohort studies published in English were included while case studies, case series, and in vitro studies were excluded. Results were analyzed qualitatively and a meta-analysis using a random effects model was performed. A strength of recommendation taxonomy (SORT) analysis was conducted and risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale and Cochrane RoB tools. An electronic search through the databases yielded 2454 articles, of which 825 remained after duplicate removal. Five studies investigating PICN and four investigating ZLS indirect restorations remained after assessing for eligibility. The overall survival rate of PICN over 1 year was 99.6% and 99.2% over 2 years. The overall survival rate of ZLS over 1 year was 99%. The main mode of failure for both materials was catastrophic fracture. One study had a high RoB, four had a moderate RoB, and four had a low RoB. Both materials demonstrated moderate strength of recommendation at a level 2 evidence for all studies based on SORT analysis. PICN and ZLS show promising short-term clinical performance as full and partial coverage indirect restorations, but longer follow-up studies are required to confirm their long-term performance.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2021
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date: 04-2010
DOI: 10.2174/187152510791170942
Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived intercellular messenger with multiple biological implications, such as regulation of blood pressure, inhibition of platelet adhesion and aggregation, bacterial-challenge and cytokine stimulation, and regulation of mineralized tissue function. NO synthase (NOS) catalyses the conversion of cationic amino acid L-arginine to L-citrulline and NO. Recently there is an increasing interest in the role of NO in the physiopathology of periodontal disease (PD). PD is a chronic inflammatory disease of the attachment structures of the teeth, which is found in 40-50% of most adult populations worldwide and may result in tooth loss. The potential sources of NO in periodontum are inflammatory cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, osteoclastics and blood vessels. Etiological periodontitis factors, such as inflammatory cytokines and periodontopathogens are evolved in enhanced NO levels, which may be part of a nonspecific natural defense mechanism or may lead to periodontal damage. This review gives detail of recent research data focusing on NO bioavailability and its involvement in periodontitis pathogenesis and the modulation of NO for better control of this disease.
Publisher: Associacao Brasileira de Odontologia Rio de Janeiro (ABORJ)
Date: 27-12-2018
DOI: 10.18363/RBO.V75.2018.E1201
Abstract: Objetivo: propor a padronização do método e sua aplicação em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil (LESJ). Material e métodos: soro de 50 pacientes, 25 com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil (grupo A) (idade média de 16,1 ± 1,6 anos) e 25 in íduos saudáveis ??(idade média de 15,2 anos ± 2,3 anos) (grupo B) foi analisado. O método para detecção de anticorpos anti-PPAD foi cronologicamente realizado pela adição de: (1) peptídeo PPAD diluído (etapa de sensibilização), (2) albumina do soro bovino (BSA) (passo de bloqueio), (3) soro de cada paciente participante e (4) anticorpo monoclonal biotinilado diluído anti-IgG humana. Os passos finais consistia na adição de (1) proteína estreptavidina conjugada com peroxidase de rábano, (2) peróxido de hidrogênio e (3) uma substância cromogênica. Portanto, uma solução de parada foi adicionado para parar a reacção e a placa foi preparada para leitura espectrofotométrica a 450 nm. Resultados: os anticorpos séricos anti-PPAD foram detectados em ambos grupos. Conclusão: o método proposto é factível e efetivo para detecção desses anticorpos.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ARCHORALBIO.2016.02.018
Abstract: To evaluate the expression of the cytokines IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, IL-17A, IL-17F, sCD40L, and TNF-α in gingival tissue and intestinal mucosa of patients having both periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and assess how they cluster in both tissues. This cross-sectional study selected 28 patients with periodontitis (18 with Crohn's disease and 10 with ulcerative colitis) from the IBD gastroenterology outpatient clinic at the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital. Patients were assessed using questionnaire, medical chart check and periodontal examination. Gingival and intestinal biopsies were collected and homogenized using a cell disruptor. Cytokines expression was evaluated through multiplex technology. Cluster analysis was performed based on cytokinés correlation strength and presented in dendrograms. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients exhibited no significant difference between them in cytokine levels (p>0.05), so they were analysed together. Significantly higher levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-25, IL-33, IL-10, and INF-γ were found in gingival tissues in comparison with intestinal mucosa (p<0.05). In gingival tissue, cytokines formed the following clusters: IL-25/IL-10/IL-33 (r=0.775), IL-22/IL-23/IL-6 (r=0.681) and IL-6/IL-25/IL-33/IL-10 (r=0.660). In intestinal mucosa, the following clusters were formed: IL-6/IL-21/IL-10 (r=0.880), IL-17A/IL-6/IL-21/IL-10 (r=0.826), IL-I7F/IL-33/IL-25 (r=0.813) and IL-23/IL-2/IL-17A/IL-6/IL-21/IL-10 (r=0.785). Expression of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-25, IL-33, IL-10, and INF-γ was significantly increased in gingival tissue in comparison with intestinal mucosa of patients with periodontitis and IBD. The cytokine clustering pattern was different in gingival and intestinal tissues.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-08-2020
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 04-2015
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201300297
Abstract: Adipokines are present in inflammatory processes and may be directly related to periodontal disease. Moreover, their activities may be regulated by fatty acids. The goal of this study was to quantify the concentrations of the main adipokines, leptin, adiponectin and resistin, and the docosahexaenoic (DHA), docosapentaenoic (DPA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and arachidonic (AA) fatty acids, in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. As a secondary objective, the ratios of these substances in the blood of these patients were evaluated. The study included 15 systemically healthy patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (test group) and 15 patients with gingivitis (control group). Medical and periodontal parameters and blood s les were collected. Serum concentrations of fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography and adipokines by multiplex bead immunoassay. There was no significant difference in adipokines between groups. However, there was a tendency for lower values of adiponectin in periodontitis patients. Regarding the fatty acids, they were significantly higher in the test group compared with controls. The res/DHA, res/AA, adipon/DHA, adipon/AA and adipon/DPA ratios were significantly lower in the test group. There was no significant correlation between adipokines and clinical parameters and between adipokines and fatty acids levels. It was concluded that generalized chronic periodontitis patients showed significantly higher levels of fatty acids in comparison to gingivitis adiponectin revealed a trend to lower values in the periodontitis group, even after Ancova correction. The ratios suggest a minor proportion of adiponectin and resistin in relation to the fatty acids in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 18-12-2019
Abstract: Periodontal disease has been associated with rheumatic diseases however, few studies have evaluated the association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and its impact on the local inflammatory and microbial profiles. Therefore, this study evaluated the levels of several cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum from juvenile SLE (jSLE) patients with gingival inflammation, compared with controls. In addition, we assessed their subgingival microbial profile. Thirty jSLE patients and 29 systemically healthy in iduals were recruited. Participants were rheumatologically and periodontally examined, and GCF, serum and intrasulcular biofilm were collected. Cytokines were analysed by bead-based multiplex assays and the bacterial profile by checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. jSLE patients presented higher percentages of dental plaque and bleeding than controls, as well as increased mean probing depth and attachment loss. After adjustment for multiple comparisons, GCF levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon-γ and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were significantly higher, whereas the levels of granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor were significantly lower in jSLE patients. In serum, G-CSF levels tended to be higher in jSLE patients (adjusted p-value = 0.06). Intrasulcular counts of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were significantly higher in jSLE patients as compared with controls. We conclude that patients with jSLE present a worse periodontal condition associated with altered levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in GCF and increased counts of A. actinomycetemcomitans in the intrasulcular biofilm.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-05-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-07-2004
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2013
Abstract: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 (LC-PUFA n-3 and n-6) can function as important inflammatory modulators and also have a strong effect in the proresolving inflammatory processes. The aim of the authors is to analyze the serum levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and arachidonic acid (AA) in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and compare these results with serum levels of patients with gingivitis only. Twenty-one patients with untreated GCP (mean age: 46.0 ± 8.8 years) and 16 patients with gingivitis only (mean age: 31.5 ± 7.5 years) were investigated. The clinical examination included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and plaque index. Blood s les were analyzed for the presence of DHA, EPA, DPA, and AA using gas chromatography. Significantly higher levels of DHA, DPA, EPA, and AA were observed in patients with GCP when compared with patients with gingivitis (P = 0.007, P = 0.004, P = 0.033, and P = 0.001, respectively). The differences were still significant even after the adjustments for age and sex. The PD showed a significant positive correlation with DHA (r = 0.5 P = 0.003), DPA (r = 0.6 P <0.001), and AA (r = 0.6 P <0.001). The present findings suggest that serum levels of LC-PUFA n-3 and n-6 may be affected by the severity of periodontal disease.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-06-2023
DOI: 10.3390/JCM12123944
Abstract: The purpose of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating a new irrigation system into a surgical guide and monitor its effect on heat generation during implant bed preparation. A total of 48 surgically guided osteotomies were performed on 12 bovine ribs ided into 4 groups, using different irrigation techniques: Group A (test) had entry and exit channels incorporated into the guide Group B had a similar design with an entry channel only Group C had conventional external irrigation and Group D (control) had no irrigation. Heat generation during the osteotomies was measured using thermocouples placed at a depth of 2 mm and 6 mm. The lowest mean temperature was observed in Group A (22.1 °C at 2 mm and 21.4 °C at 6 mm), which was statistically significant when compared with Groups C and D (p 0.001). Group A showed a lower mean temperature compared with Group B as well however, it was statistically significant only at 6 mm depth (p 0.05). In conclusion, the proposed surgical guide has significantly reduced heat generation during implant osteotomy compared to conventional external irrigation. The integration of an exit cooling channel can resolve limitations found in previously designed surgical guides such as debris blockage and can be easily incorporated into computer designing and 3D printing software.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-02-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2000
DOI: 10.1034/J.1600-051X.2000.027005313.X
Abstract: Our aim was to compare the levels of laminin and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in GCF from inflamed shallow (GP) and deep pockets (PP) in patients with periodontitis to these levels in GCF from inflamed shallow pockets (GG) in subjects with gingivitis alone. Lactoferrin was used as a marker for the number of neutrophils in the sites s led. The periodontitis group consisted of 13 subjects, having at least 6 sites with a pocket depth > or = 5 mm. The healthy control group consisted of 12 subjects with no clinical signs of periodontal destruction. GCF was collected with paper strips and the volume was measured immediately after s ling. Laminin, lactoferrin and IL-8 were measured using specific antibodies with an ELISA. The total amount of laminin was significantly higher in PP than in GG, but no significant difference was seen between GP and PP. The concentration and the total amounts of lactoferrin were similar in the three groups. The ratio between laminin and lactoferrin was higher in the s les from the patient, suggesting that neutrophils in patients are more activated and degrades more of the membrane per cell. The total amounts of IL-8 were very similar in the 3 groups, while the concentration also tended to be higher in the GP. Our study showed higher amounts of laminin in GCF from patients with periodontitis suggesting the presence of hyperactive neutrophils during the transmigration process through the endothelium/epithelium.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-08-2019
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS20163949
Abstract: Periodontal disease is characterised by a dense inflammatory infiltrate in the connective tissue. When the resolution is not achieved, the activation of T and B cells is crucial in controlling chronic inflammation through constitutive cytokine secretion and modulation of osteoclastogenesis. The present narrative review aims to overview the recent findings of the importance of T and B cell subsets, as well as their cytokine expression, in the pathogenesis of the periodontal disease. T regulatory (Treg), CD8+ T, and tissue-resident γδ T cells are important to the maintenance of gingival homeostasis. In inflamed gingiva, however, the secretion of IL-17 and secreted osteoclastogenic factor of activated T cells (SOFAT) by activated T cells is crucial to induce osteoclastogenesis via RANKL activation. Moreover, the capacity of mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) to produce cytokines, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17, might indicate a critical role of such cells in the disease pathogenesis. Regarding B cells, low levels of memory B cells in clinically healthy periodontium seem to be important to avoid bone loss due to the subclinical inflammation that occurs. On the other hand, they can exacerbate alveolar bone loss in a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-dependent manner and affect the severity of periodontitis. In conclusion, several new functions have been discovered and added to the complex knowledge about T and B cells, such as possible new functions for Tregs, the role of SOFAT, and MAIT cells, as well as B cells activating RANKL. The activation of distinct T and B cell subtypes is decisive in defining whether the inflammatory lesion will stabilise as chronic gingivitis or will progress to a tissue destructive periodontitis.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-08-2021
Abstract: This systematic review assessed studies that evaluated the immunological traits of patients with both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and periodontal disease. An electronic search for literature was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Science. Studies that evaluated the immunological response in patients with IBD and periodontal disease were considered eligible for inclusion. A total of 6 cross-sectional studies of 275 patients were included. Immunological analyses were performed in gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, serum, intestinal and gingival biopsies. Four studies identified that the presence of IBD and periodontal disease was associated with higher levels of prostaglandin E2, aMMP8, IL-18 and S100A12, respectively, when compared to patients without the coexistence of both diseases. Furthermore, another study identified higher aMMP-8 levels with increasing severity of periodontitis in Crohn’s disease patients. The quality of overall evidence ranged from high to low due to the observational nature of contributing studies. The coexistence of IBD and periodontal disease seems to be associated with a more responsive inflammatory reaction compared with in iduals having one or the other. More randomized controlled studies evaluating the coexistence of IBD and periodontitis are required to better explore the immunological interplay between them.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-09-2021
DOI: 10.1111/JRE.12924
Abstract: To evaluate how chronic gingivitis treatment impacts the oral and circulating cytokine expressions after six‐month follow‐up in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) and also to evaluate the circulating expression of anti‐ Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase antibodies (anti‐PPAD) before and after treatment. Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients present a worse periodontal condition associated with higher gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐8, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), interferon‐γ and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1. Twenty‐one adolescents with jSLE (mean age: 16.2 ± 1.5 years) were recruited. Participants were rheumatologically and periodontally examined. All in iduals were clinically diagnosed with gingival inflammation. Chronic gingivitis treatment consisted of supragingival scaling, prophylaxis and oral hygiene instructions. The cytokine levels were determined by bead‐based multiplex assays and the anti‐PPAD levels by ELISA. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum s les were collected at baseline and 6 months after treatment. We observed a reduction in attachment loss, SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), IL‐1β, IL‐10 and MCP‐1 GCF levels, and the IL‐4 and IL‐5 serum levels 6 months after periodontal treatment. On the contrary, a significant increase in GCF expression of IL‐4, IL‐12, IL‐17, IFN‐γ and serum levels of anti‐PPAD antibody was observed. Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients seem to positively benefit from periodontal treatment by a significantly reduced CAL, a GCF reduction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and an increasing of anti‐inflammatory ones. However, an increase in the GCF expression of IL‐17 and the serum expression of anti‐PPAD antibody 6 months after periodontal treatment might negatively affect the treatment outcome of such patients in the long term.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-08-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S00784-019-03047-Z
Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of sTREM-1 and its ligand PGLYRP1, as well as the expression of MMP-8 and its inhibitor TIMP-1, in peri-implant diseases. As a secondary aim, we analyzed the influence of the concomitant existence of periodontitis in the expression of these biomarkers. This study included 77 patients (29 males and 48 females mean age 55.0 ± 11.5), 18 having gingivitis, 16 having periodontitis, 20 having mucositis, and 23 having peri-implantitis. Patients were clinically examined, and unstimulated whole saliva was collected. sTREM-1, PGLYRP1, MMP-8, TIMP-1, and MMP-8/TIMP1 ratio were determined by ELISA. The periodontitis group presented higher probing depth (PD) mean, and higher clinical attachment loss, compared with the other groups. The peri-implantitis group presented higher PD mean in implants compared to the mucositis group. Patients with PD ≥ 6 mm showed significantly higher levels of PGLYRP1, MMP-8, and MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio than patients with PD < 6 mm. When all four markers were assessed, there were no significant differences between mucositis and peri-implantitis groups. Concomitant periodontitis resulted in higher significant levels of MMP-8 in patients with peri-implant disease. We did not observe significant differences in the levels of the sTREM-1/PGLYRP1/MMP-8 axis between patients with periodontal and peri-implant diseases, suggesting that these markers are also involved in the inflammatory process around implants. Besides, the presence of periodontitis may affect the levels of MMP-8 in patients with peri-implant disease. The sTREM-1/PGLYRP1/MMP-8 axis could be useful as potent markers in periodontal and peri-implant diseases.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-06-2023
DOI: 10.3390/JCM12134277
Abstract: We sought to evaluate the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on periodontal clinical parameters, systemic blood pressure (BP), and plasma levels of systemic inflammation markers in patients with combined refractory arterial hypertension (RAH) and stage III grade B periodontitis. Twenty-seven participants with RAH and periodontitis received NSPT. The analyzed clinical parameters were probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index (PI). An assessment was performed for systemic BP, complete blood count, coagulogram, creatinine measurement, C-reactive protein (CRP), glycated hemoglobin, cholesterol, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamate pyruvic transaminase, waist–hip ratio, and body mass index. In the follow-up period, twenty-two patients were evaluated at baseline and after 90 and 180 days. The data were submitted for statistical analysis (α = 0.05%). As expected, the clinical results showed a significant improvement in the percentages of PI, BOP, PD, and CAL, which were statistically significant at 90 and 180 days (p 0.0001). Importantly, NSPT significantly reduced the blood level of CRP (p 0.02). However, no significant reduction in BP parameters was noted in the evaluated follow-up periods. NSPT, despite the benefits in periodontal clinical parameters, reduced the plasma level of CRP but not the BP in patients with combined RAH and periodontitis.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2010
Abstract: This study determines the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, interferon (IFN)-gamma and elastase activity in inflamed shallow and deep periodontal sites from patients with generalized chronic (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), and to compare them to shallow sites from subjects with gingivitis. A secondary aim analyzes the microbiologic profile of these subjects. Cross-sectional clinical data were obtained from 20 GCP, 17 GAgP, and 10 gingivitis subjects. GCF s les were collected with paper strips and the levels of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, and IFN-gamma were measured using a multiplexed bead immunoassay. Elastase activity was assessed by an enzymatic assay. Subgingival plaque s les were analyzed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Significance of differences among groups for immunologic and microbiologic data was examined using Kruskal-Wallis adjusting for multiple comparisons. Mean clinical parameters and GCF volumes were higher in patients with GCP and GAgP compared to the gingivitis group. Higher levels of IL-1 beta and higher elastase activity were found in deep sites compared to shallow sites in both periodontitis groups (P <0.05). The microbiologic data showed significantly higher levels of the red complex species in patients with GCP and GAgP compared to gingivitis (P <0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in levels of GCF biomarkers and in levels of subgingival bacterial species between subjects with GCP and GAgP. There were no statistically significant differences in the measured immunologic and microbiologic parameters between subjects with GCP and GAgP.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-05-2022
DOI: 10.1002/CRE2.582
Abstract: This systematic review aimed to assess in vitro studies that evaluated neutrophil interactions with different roughness levels in titanium and zirconia implant surfaces. An electronic search for literature was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science and a total of 14 studies were included. Neutrophil responses were assessed based on adhesion, cell number, surface coverage, cell structure, cytokine secretion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, neutrophil activation, receptor expression, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release. The method of assessing the risk of bias was done using the toxicological data reliability assessment tool (TOXRTOOL). Ten studies have identified a significant increase in neutrophil functions, such as surface coverage, cell adhesion, ROS production, and NETs released when interacting with rough titanium surfaces. Moreover, neutrophil interaction with rough–hydrophilic surfaces seems to produce less proinflammatory cytokines and ROS when compared to naive smooth and rough titanium surfaces. Regarding membrane receptor expression, two studies have reported that the FcγIII receptor (CD16) is responsible for initial neutrophil adhesion to hydrophilic titanium surfaces. Only one study compared neutrophil interaction with titanium alloy and zirconia toughened alumina surfaces and reported no significant differences in neutrophil cell count, activation, receptor expression, and death. There are not enough studies to conclude neutrophil interactions with titanium and zirconia surfaces. However, different topographic modifications such as roughness and hydrophilicity might influence neutrophil interactions with titanium implant surfaces.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-07-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJOM.2018.07.007
Abstract: The effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in enhancing the healing after oral surgical interventions is still a matter of debate. The purpose of this study was to identify instances where PRF has been shown to be effective in oral surgical procedures. A comprehensive literature search was performed up to 2017 on PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and LILACS databases and grey literature. The full-text of potentially relevant studies were reviewed and only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. A total of 559 studies were found, of which 30 were included for qualitative analysis and 13 for quantitative analysis. Three review authors assessed the risk of bias independently. The available literature suggests that PRF has a positive effect in improving alveolar preservation on extraction sockets and around dental implants. The qualitative analysis showed a significantly better effect of PRF in promoting bone regeneration for alveolar cleft reconstruction. The meta-analysis for third molar surgery showed a decrease in prevalence of alveolar osteitis. PRF increased implant stability 1 week and 1 month after surgery (P=0.0005 and 0.0003). Due to the lack of studies with low risk of bias and a limited number of patients available, further RCTs are needed to confirm these results.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2005
Abstract: Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have been shown to have incipient attachment loss (AL) more frequently than systemically healthy in iduals. This study investigated neutrophil activity and proinflammatory cytokines in these patients and aged-matched controls. Elastase activity, measured with a low molecular weight substrate (S-2484), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were analyzed in the gingival fluid of 38 patients with JIA and 29 controls. IL-1beta and interleukin-18 (IL-18) were measured with ELISA in the serum of the same groups. Subgingival plaque was analyzed by DNA probes to detect 12 bacteria. Significantly elevated serum levels of IL-1beta and IL-18 were found in the JIA group. No differences were found in the gingival fluid levels of elastase and IL-1beta between groups, or in the frequency of subjects positive to most of the bacteria analyzed, except F. nucleatum, C. rectus, P. micros, and S. intermedius, which were significantly more frequent in the control group. When the JIA group was sub ided according to the presence/absence of AL, IL-18 was significantly increased in the JIA subgroup with AL compared to those without it. There were no differences in the subgingival microbiota between the subgroups. The findings of increased serum IL-18 and IL-1beta in patients with JIA accompanied by a similar subgingival microbiota suggest that the increased frequency of incipient attachment loss observed in these patients might be due to their altered systemic inflammatory response, making them more susceptible to periodontal disease.
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 10-2016
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201601054
Abstract: Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the possible association between periodontitis and systemic complications in a Brazilian type 1 diabetes population. A multicentre, sectional study was carried out in 28 public clinics located in 20 Brazilian cities. Data from 3,591 patients were obtained (56.0% females, 57.2% Caucasians), with an average age of 21.2 ± 11.7 years and whose mean duration of type 1 diabetes was 9.6 ± 8.1 years. Periodontitis was evaluated through self-report. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the association between periodontitis and systemic diabetes complications (chronic micro and macrovascular complications and hospitalizations by hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis). The prevalence of periodontitis was 4.7% (n=170). Periodontitis patients had mean age of 27.4 ± 12.9. This group was older (p .001), exhibited longer diabetes duration (p .0001) and had elevated total cholesterol (p .05), triglycerides (p .001) and lower HDL (p .05) values than patients without periodontitis. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly increased in periodontitis patients (p .01). Periodontitis patients had increased odds of microvascular complications (2.43 [1.74-3.40]) and of hospitalizations related to hyperglycemia (2.76 [1.72-4.42]) and ketoacidosis (2.72 [1.53-4.80]). In conclusion, periodontitis was associated to systemic complications in Brazilian type 1 diabetes patients.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 17-02-2012
Abstract: Hepatic mononuclear cells (HMC) are a heterogeneous population with innate immune properties involved in the response to several pathogens. Herein, during the primary infection with Candida albicans, we observed dynamic changes in CD3+, NK+ and NKT+ intrahepatic lymphoid subsets and a significant increase in the absolute number of antigen-presenting cells (APC). The liver tolerogenic microenvironment sustained by higher levels of IL-10, transforming growth factor-β and IL-4 was severely modified upon the robust IFN-γ production after the fungal colonization. NKT cells purified from infected animals released significant amounts of IFN-γ and the production of this cytokine was exacerbated after a second contact with the fungus. Interestingly, C. albicans per se was unable to activate tolerogenic NKT cells from naive animals. In vitro experiments performed with HMC cells depleted of the CD11b/c+ population revealed that in the absence of APC, NKT cells are unable to produce IFN-γ in response to C. albicans. Our findings constitute the first evidence that this innate lymphocyte population is involved in the pathogenesis of C. albicans infection.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2014
Abstract: Periodontitis is an inflammatory chronic disease that has been implicated as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Endothelium has a central role in CVD pathogenesis, and chronic inflammation can make it dysfunctional, contributing to CVD emergence. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the existence of an association between severe chronic periodontitis (CP) and nailfold microvascular, gingival microvascular, and endothelial functions. Twenty-three patients were included, 13 with severe periodontitis (median age, 46 years interquartile range, 9.5 years) and 10 healthy control patients (median age, 35.5 years interquartile range, 12.5 years). Clinical and laboratorial variables were gathered, and patients were examined by the following: 1) nailfold videocapillaroscopy to assess functional capillary density (FCD), capillary diameters, red blood cell velocity at rest (RBCV) and after 1-minute arterial occlusion (RBCVmax), and time taken to reach RBCVmax (TRBCVmax) 2) side-stream dark-field imaging to determine gingival capillary density (GCD) and 3) venous occlusion plethysmography to assess endothelium-dependent (% Hyper) and endothelium-independent vasodilatation (% Nitro). Patients with CP have smaller values for FCD, RBCV, RBCVmax, and % Hyper and higher values for TRBCVmax and GCD compared with controls (P <0.05). There were significant correlations between periodontal parameters with FCD, RBCV, RBCVmax, TRBCVmax, GCD, and % Hyper. There was also a negative correlation between FCD and GCD (r = -0.7 P <0.01). Associations between periodontitis and FCD, RBCVmax, TRBCVmax, GCD, and % Hyper remained significant after adjustments for age and systolic blood pressure. Severe CP was directly associated with endothelial and microvascular dysfunctions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-11-2021
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201600754
Abstract: Abstract The aim of this case control study was to assess the association between the extent and severity of chronic periodontitis and oral cavity and/or oropharyngeal cancer. The case group comprised 35 patients (mean age 56.1±8.4), diagnosed for oral and/or oropharyngeal cancer. The control group comprised 40 in iduals (mean age 55.4±9.4) without diagnostic of cancer. All in iduals were subjected to a periodontal examination, including bleeding on probing, plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and decayed, extracted and filled teeth index (DMFT). The case group had significantly more sites with plaque. GI and BOP had similar values in both groups. The median PPD and CAL values were significantly higher for the case group. Chronic generalized periodontitis was predominant in 80% of patients with oral and/or oropharyngeal cancer. Eighty nine percent of the patients in the case group presented severe chronic periodontitis. There was no significant difference between groups for median values of DMFT. The extent and severity of chronic periodontitis remained as risk indicators for oral cavity and/or oropharyngeal cancer even after the adjustments for traditional confound factors, i.e. smoking and alcohol consumption.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2007
Abstract: The primary aim of this study was to compare the inflammatory activity in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a group of matched controls. Secondarily, we aimed to evaluate the effect of rheumatologic treatment on periodontal inflammation. Seventeen in iduals with RA with a mean duration of disease of 12.1 (+/- 9.9) years and the same number of systemically healthy in iduals matched for age, gender, periodontal status, and tobacco use were selected. Medication data were registered, and GCF was collected by means of an intracrevicular washing method. Besides clinical registrations, periodontal inflammation was assessed by analysis of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta and -18 and of elastase activity. Amounts of IL-1beta and total elastase were significantly lower in the patient group. IL-1beta and total elastase had a significant and strong correlation in the RA group (r(s) = 0.883). This correlation was not observed in the control group. The anti-inflammatory treatment taken by RA patients might influence the periodontal inflammation status represented by IL-1beta and elastase in the GCF.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 29-10-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2008
Abstract: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of non-surgical periodontal treatment in improving periodontal status and reducing gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18, elastase activity, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)--8 and --9 in periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Twenty-three patients with T2DM (diabetes group) and 26 systemically healthy subjects (control group) with chronic periodontitis participated in this study. The clinical examination included visible plaque index, gingival bleeding index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing. GCF s les were collected from five or six deep sites to evaluate the levels of IL-1beta and -18, elastase, and MMP-8 and -9. Shallow sites were analyzed for IL-1beta and elastase. The glycemic control was analyzed by the concentration of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The subjects received non-surgical periodontal treatment and were reexamined 90 days later. All clinical parameters showed a significant improvement after treatment, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in IL-1beta, elastase activity, and MMP-8 and -9 levels in deep sites. The shallow sites also showed significant reductions in IL-1beta and elastase activity levels. Treatment did not significantly reduce HbA1c concentrations in patients with T2DM. Non-surgical periodontal treatment was effective in reducing the levels of IL-1beta, elastase activity, and MMP-8 and -9 in GCF from diabetes and control groups. Patients with T2DM showed less reduction only in elastase activity in shallow sites compared to controls. This reduction was associated with improvement of the clinical periodontal status.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-1999
DOI: 10.1034/J.1600-051X.1999.260402.X
Abstract: The main object of this study was to determine if there was a difference between patients with adult periodontitis and healthy controls in the release of elastase. We also wanted to test the release of alpha-1-antitrypsin and lactoferrin from in vitro-activated peripheral neutrophils. A leukocyte-rich preparation from venous blood was made by lysing the red blood cells. The leukocytes were stimulated for 1 h at 37 degrees C with opsonized Staphylococcus aureus and the released elastase was measured with a chromogenic substrate. The release of elastase after stimulation with bacteria was significantly higher in patients than in controls. The amounts of elastase from unstimulated cells, i.e., both released extracellularly and extracted from the pellet, were similar in the 2 groups. However, after stimulation, the amount of elastase in the patient group, but not in the control group, was significantly increased. Similar releases of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AIAT) and lactoferrin were found in both groups of subjects. In conclusion, this study shows that peripheral neutrophils from patients with adult periodontitis release more active elastase after in vitro activation compared to healthy controls. The release of A1AT and lactoferrin showed no differences, indicating that the increased elastase activity was not due to a impaired inhibition by A1AT and that the differences in degranulation were limited to the primary granula.
Publisher: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
Date: 2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-05-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JRE.12104
Abstract: Our group recently found higher levels of serum long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) in patients with chronic periodontitis compared to controls. However, the effect of periodontal treatment on LC-PUFA serum levels has not been investigated. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of periodontal treatment on LC-PUFA serum levels. A secondary aim was to assess the effect of dietary ω-3 supplementation on clinical outcome. The test group was composed of 10 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (mean age 44 ± 6.4 years) treated with scaling and root planing associated with 4 mo of ω-3 supplementation eicosapetaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 3 g/d. The placebo group was composed of 11 patients (47.9 ± 10.5 years) that received scaling and root planing plus placebo. The periodontal examination included probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing and visible plaque index. Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), EPA, DHA and arachidonic acid (AA) were detected using gas chromatograph. In the placebo group, all LC-PUFAs levels reduced significantly (DHA, DPA and AA, p = 0.004 EPA, p = 0.008). In the test group, only DPA and AA showed a significant reduction (p = 0.005). Moreover, a significant decrease in the ratios AA/EPA and AA/DHA (p = 0.005) was observed in the test group. Non-surgical periodontal treatment reduced significantly the serum levels of all analyzed LC-PUFAs except those presented in the supplementation. The ω-3 dietary supplementation had no effect on clinical outcome of treatment.
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Date: 15-06-2020
Abstract: Objective The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence and severity of periodontitis and decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index in patients with psoriasis. As a secondary aim, verify if periodontitis was a risk indicator for psoriasis. Materials and Methods A total of 69 patients diagnosed with psoriasis (48.7 ± 14.6 years) and 74 healthy controls (40.3 ± 12.9 years) participated in the study. Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing, plaque index, and DMFT index were measured in all subjects. Periodontitis was defined as the presence of at least three interproximal sites with CAL ≥3 mm in different teeth and severe periodontitis should involve at least two interproximal sites in different teeth with CAL ≥5 mm. Statistical Analysis The Mann–Whitney test was used to analyze the demographics and the clinical data. The significance level was 5%. A multivariate logistic regression was conducted, and the odds ratio were calculated to express the risk to develop psoriasis. Results Patients with psoriasis had significantly more sites with CAL ≥3 mm (p 0.03) and CAL ≥5 mm (p 0.0001), less sites with plaque (p 0.0001), fewer teeth (p 0.0001), and a high DMFT index (p 0.02) as compared with controls. Severe periodontitis was significantly more frequent (87.1% × 58.1%) and was a risk indicator for psoriasis after adjusting for sex, age, race, and smoking habits (odds ratio: 3.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.5–9.0, p 0.003). Conclusion Patients with psoriasis have higher prevalence of severe periodontitis and higher DMFT than control patients. Severe periodontitis may be a risk indicator for psoriasis.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 27-09-2006
Abstract: The liver constitutes the first barrier in the control of hematogenous dissemination of Candida albicans of intestinal origin. In rats infected with C. albicans, this organ limits the growth of the yeast and mounts an efficient inflammatory reaction. However, in rats infected and exposed to chronic varied stress, the hepatic inflammatory reaction is compromised and the outcoming of the infection is more severe. Although in both groups the fungal burden is associated with hepatotoxicity, steatosis, increment of hepatic enzymes and lipid peroxidation, stress-related differences are clearly evident. Herein, we evaluated in infected and infected-stressed hosts the involvement of apoptosis and pro-apoptotic signals in the hepatic injury during the acute step of C. albicans infection. We studied in situ apoptosis by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling reactions, the levels of local tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA by reverse transcription-PCR and the Fas/Fas-L expression by immunohistochemistry and western blot. We also purified intrahepatic lymphocytes (IHLs) to evaluate the dynamic of recruitment following the infection and to characterize the in vivo and in vitro interaction of C. albicans with this subset evaluating the kinetic of Fas-L and Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) expression. This work shows, for the first time, the occurrence of in situ apoptosis of hepatocytes as well as the kinetic of IHL recruitment early during the C. albicans infection. Moreover, our results demonstrate the ability of the fungus to up-regulate the Fas-L and TLR-2 expression in this subset. In the scenario of early liver injury, the recruited IHLs and the modulated expression of TNF-alpha, Fas-L and TLR-2 molecules could act coordinately in delivering death signals.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-05-2023
DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202305.0711.V1
Abstract: The purpose of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating a new irrigation system into a surgical guide and monitor its effect on heat generation during implant bed preparation. A total of 48 surgically guided osteotomies were performed on 12 bovine ribs ided into 4 groups, using different irrigation techniques: Group A (test) had entry and exit channels incorporated into the guide Group B had a similar design with an entry channel only Group C had conventional external irrigation Group D (control) had no irrigation. Heat generation during the osteotomies was measured using thermocouples placed at a depth of 2 mm and 6 mm. The lowest mean temperature was observed in Group A (22.1& deg C at 2mm and 21.4& deg C at 6mm), this was statistically significant when compared with Groups C and D (p& .001). Group A showed a lower mean temperature compared with Group B as well, however statistically significant only at 6mm depth (p& .05). In conclusion, the proposed guide has significantly reduced heat generation during implant osteotomy. The integration of an exit cooling channel can resolve limitations found in previously designed surgical guides and can be easily incorporated into computer designing and 3D printing software.
Publisher: Universidade Federal do Parana
Date: 31-12-2007
Abstract: O parto prematuro ocorre num período gestacional inferior a 37 semanas, uma vez que a gestação normal para humanos está em torno de 40 semanas. Crianças que ao nascimento possuem peso inferior a 2500g, são consideradas de baixo peso. A periodontite é uma alteração de origem multifatorial que acomete as estruturas que envolvem e suportam os dentes. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar através de uma revisão de literatura uma análise sobre a importância da periodontite como fator de risco para o nascimento prematuro de crianças de baixo peso. A colonização da vagina por bactérias especificas tem sido associada com um aumento de 60% do riso de parto prematuro, e infecções no trato geniturinário tem sido associadas à complicações na gravidez durante muitos anos. Estudos recentes consideraram que mediadores inflamatórios presentes nas doenças periodontais tais como interleucina-1, fator de necrose tumoral e prostaglandina, possuem importante participação no inicio do trabalho de parto. Há evidencias que ligam a infecção materna com o parto prematuro. O presente trabalho pode concluir que a periodontite faz parte do grupo de fatores de risco de grande valia para o mecanismo de indução ao parto prematuro de crianças de baixo peso.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-03-2022
Abstract: sTREM-1 and its ligand PGLYRP1 play an essential role in the inflammatory process around teeth and implants. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of peri-implant treatment on the salivary levels of the sTREM-1/PGLYRP-1/MMP-8 axis after 3 months. A total of 42 participants (with a mean age of 61 years old ± 7.3) were enrolled in this longitudinal study, 24 having peri-implant mucositis (MU) and 18 having peri-implantitis (PI). Clinical peri-implant parameters, such as probing pocket depth (PPD), % of plaque, and bleeding on probing (BOP), and the whole unstimulated saliva s les were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after treatment. The MU group received nonsurgical peri-implant treatment, while the PI group received open-flap procedures. The levels of sTREM-1, PGLYRP-1, MMP-8, and TIMP-1 were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. BOP, plaque levels, and PPD significantly reduced after treatment in both groups. A significant decrease in the salivary levels of sTREM-1, MMP-8, and TIMP-1 in the PI group and PGLYRP1 and TIMP-1 in the MU group were observed. Salivary levels of sTREM-1 were significantly reduced in patients with PI but not with MU. Additionally, peri-implant treatment had a significantly higher impact on MMP-8 reduction in patients with PI than in those with MU.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1999
DOI: 10.1902/JOP.1999.70.11.1355
Abstract: We have previously found hyperreactive neutrophils, intrinsic or induced, in periodontitis patients by in vitro quantitation of free oxygen radicals. The effects of periodontitis and cigarette smoking on blood parameters have generally been described separately. Our aim was to compare these systemic effects of periodontitis and cigarette smoking, separately and in combination, in order to study the hyperreactivity in peripheral neutrophils. Blood cells and acute-phase proteins were studied in 40 periodontitis patients and 43 healthy controls. The generation of free oxygen radicals from neutrophils was measured as luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) after activation of their Fcgamma receptors with opsonized Staphylococcus aureus. An increase in CL in peripheral neutrophils from periodontitis patients was confirmed. Smoking had no significant effect on CL. The periodontitis patients had higher concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) than the controls. ANOVA analysis showed that the increase in neutrophil count, haptoglobin, and alpha-1 antitrypsin levels was significantly influenced by cigarette smoking. IgG2 was lower in patients than in controls (P <0.017, ANOVA), and there was an interaction between periodontitis and smoking (P<0.047, ANOVA). The lower concentration of IgG2 in patients who smoke may impair neutrophil function and be a mechanism by which smoking aggravates periodontitis. In general, the combination of periodontitis and cigarette smoking alters the parameters studied. The effects of periodontitis on CRP and IgG2 means that periodontal lesions may also leak agents, priming the peripheral neutrophils to increased CL.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-06-2023
DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202306.0149.V1
Abstract: Our research aimed to explore how resolving periodontal inflammation impacts cytokine expression in the colon of aged Wistar rats. Animal studies have been used to investigate the two-way relationship between periodontitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), where chronic inflammation in either the mouth or intestines can negatively affect the other. We allocated sixteen male Wistar rats, aged between 8-11 months, into four groups: (1) Ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP) without the resolution of periodontal inflammation (RPI) (LIP n=4), (2) LIP + RPI (n=4), (3) LIP + DSS-induced colitis (DIC) without RPI (n=4), and LIP+DIC+RPI (n=5). We performed histopathological and immunological analyses on the periodontal and intestinal tissues and analysed cytokine expressions using a Rat Cytokine 23-Plex Immunoassay. Our findings showed that animals with and without DIC who underwent RPI showed significantly lower levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IL-18, and TNF-& alpha in the intestine compared to those without treatment. The RPI effectively reduced the number of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria and restored the epithelial barrier in the intestine in animals with DIC. The resolution of periodontal inflammation significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the intestine of aged rats with and without DSS-induced colitis.
No related grants have been discovered for Carlos Marcelo Figueredo.