ORCID Profile
0000-0002-3049-3163
Current Organisations
The University of Western Australia Faculty of Science
,
University of Western Australia
,
University of Dundee Biological Sciences
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 07-01-2015
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1972
DOI: 10.1071/BI9720443
Abstract: A model is presented for net CO2 uptake by plant leaves, which is particularly relevant to those leaves having different upper and lower stomatal resistances. The model includes intercellular space resistances to CO2 uptake via both the upper and lower surfaces. Experimental data obtained with Pelargonium hortorum Bailey show that the ratio of the rates of C02 exchange through the lower and upper surfaces respectively is in all cases greater than the ratio of the corresponding rates of water vapour exchange. This provides evidence for a substantial vapour phase resistance to C02 uptake via the upper epidermis, which is not accounted for by the usual water vapour analogue. The data also suggest that calculations of intracellular resistance r'i, using conventional resistance models, may be subject to error. How-ever, the magnitude of the error in estimates of the intracellular resistance is seldom likely to exceed 10%, so that for most purposes changes in the conventional models do not appear to be warranted.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2006
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-04-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1438-8677.2012.00590.X
Abstract: Winter chilling is critical for flowering and fruiting of many temperate fruits, with evidence that blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) cropping has been adversely affected by warm winters. Accurate models of chill accumulation in blackcurrant are required so that breeding strategies can be formulated for the generation of new cultivars with resilience to future climates. Existing models for chill accumulation have largely been derived from statistical correlation here we report the derivation of improved models for blackcurrant using controlled environment treatments. Hardwood cuttings from a erse set of cultivars were exposed to constant or varying chilling temperatures and the effects on bud break after transfer to a warm, permissive environment evaluated. The impact of different combinations of temperature and chilling periods were described in terms of their overall 'Effectiveness' (E). Clear genotypic differences were found, with excessive chilling often inhibiting bud break. There was a significant interaction between observed chilling response and the period of low temperature exposure. A number of chilling models to explain observed interactions between chilling temperature and time of exposure on bud break were compared the most effective involved an optimal response to increasing chill accumulation. The effects of varying temperatures during chilling on bud break were complex, with warm temperature breaks substantially inhibiting bud development and cooler temperature breaks tending to enhance bud burst. The relevance of these models to generic studies of endodormancy is discussed, together with their potential application to the development of phenotyping screens for future breeding using erse blackcurrant germplasm.
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 09-2002
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-10-2012
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-1999
DOI: 10.1017/S002185969900636X
Abstract: Four cultivars of winter barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and two cultivars of combining pea ( Pisum sativum L.) were grown in the field in the UK (52°N) and irradiated under banks of UV-B l s in 1994/95 (barley) and 1996 (pea). Supplementary UV-B radiation was applied to treated plots as a proportional addition to the UV-B dose received under a control plot. Treated plants received a UV-B enhancement simulating the consequence of a 15% reduction in the amount of stratospheric ozone. No significant effect on yield and few significant effects on growth, pigment composition or chlorophyll fluorescence variables were detected. However, interplot variability was such that yield differences of ·5% (pea) and ·6% (barley) had less than a 95% probability of being detected as significant at the 5% level. The results indicate that yields of pea, and probably barley, would not be markedly affected by the increase in UV-B associated with a 15% reduction in stratospheric ozone. However, given uncertainties, such as the possible interactions between the effects of UV-B and those of other environmental factors, the possibility of significant crop responses to stratospheric ozone depletion cannot be excluded.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 07-06-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-04-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3156.2010.02532.X
Abstract: To validate maternal recognition of neonatal illnesses at home compared to assessment by community health workers (CHWs) during routine household surveillance for neonatal illness in rural Bangladesh. Surveillance in the intervention arm of two cluster-randomized, controlled trials of newborn interventions conducted in Sylhet and Mirzapur districts of Bangladesh. CHWs promoted birth and newborn care preparedness during two prenatal visits, including recognition of neonatal illnesses. CHWs assessed 8472 neonates on post-natal days 0, 3, and 6 between 2004 and 2005 in Sylhet, and 7587 neonates on post-natal days 0, 2, 5, and 8 between 2004 and 2006 in Mirzapur. In both sites, CHW identified neonates with very severe disease (VSD), using clinical algorithms that included ascertainment of illness history reported by mother and observation of clinical signs of illness. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of maternal report of any illness sign compared to CHWs' assessments and classification of VSD. Analysis was restricted to mothers whose neonates were assessed by CHWs at home during the routine visit schedule. Maternal report of any signs had sensitivity of 24% and 20% and positive predictive value of 45% and 54% in Sylhet and Mirzapur, respectively. Maternal recognition of neonatal illnesses at home was poor in two rural areas in Bangladesh. Interventions need to be designed to improve maternal recognition, and routine post-natal assessment by CHWs at home may be an essential component of community-based newborn care to improve care-seeking for newborn illness.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-08-2010
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERQ239
Abstract: Understanding the responses of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) to actual and predicted summer conditions is essential to determine the future sustainability of cork oak woodlands in Iberia. Thermal imaging may provide a rapid method for monitoring the extent of stress. The ecophysiology of cork trees was studied over three years. Three treatments were applied by means of rainfall capture and irrigation, with plots receiving 120%, 100%, or 80% of natural precipitation. Despite stomatal closure, detected using both thermal imaging and porometry, leaf water potential fell during the summer, most drastically during the third year of accumulative stress. The quantum efficiency (ΦPSII) and the maximum efficiency Fv' /FM' of photosystem II also fell more intensely over the third summer, while non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased. The reduced precipitation treatment sporadically further reduced leaf water potential, stomatal conductance (gs), IG (an index of gs derived from thermal imaging), ΦPSII, and Fv' /FM', and increased leaf temperature and NPQ. It is concluded that these are very resilient trees since they were only severely affected in the third year of severe drought (the third year registering 45% less rainfall than average), and removing 20% of rainfall had a limited impact..
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-05-2004
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERH146
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1977
DOI: 10.1038/269013B0
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2002
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-12-2002
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCG020
Abstract: The mechanisms of photosynthetic adaptation to different combinations of temperature and irradiance during growth, and especially the consequences of exposure to high light (2000 micro mol m(-2) s(-1) PPFD) for 5 min, simulating natural sunflecks, was studied in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A protocol using only short (3 min) dark pre-treatment was introduced to maximize the amount of replication possible in studies of chlorophyll fluorescence. High light at low temperature (10 degrees C) significantly down-regulated photosynthetic electron transport capacity [as measured by the efficiency of photosystem II (PSII)], with the protective acclimation allowing the simulated sunflecks to be used more effectively for photosynthesis by plants grown in low light. The greater energy dissipation by thermal processes (lower F(v)'/F(m)' ratio) at low temperature was related to increased xanthophyll de-epoxidation and to the fact that photosynthetic carbon fixation was more limiting at low than at high temperatures. A key objective was to investigate the role of photorespiration in acclimation to irradiance and temperature by comparing the effect of normal (21 kPa) and low (1.5 kPa) O(2) concentrations. Low [O(2)] decreased F(v)/F(m) and the efficiency of PSII (Phi(PSII)), related to greater PSII down-regulation in cold pre-treated plants, but minimized further inhibition by the mild 'sunfleck' treatment used. Results support the hypothesis that photorespiration provides a 'safety-valve' for excess energy.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-07-2010
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERQ199
Abstract: This review considers stomatal conductance as an indicator of genotypic differences in the growth response to water stress. The benefits of using stomatal conductance are compared with photosynthetic rate and other indicators of genetic variation in water stress tolerance, along with the use of modern phenomics technologies. Various treatments for screening for genetic ersity in response to water deficit in controlled environments are considered. There is no perfect medium: there are pitfalls in using soil in pots, and in using hydroponics with ionic and non-ionic osmotica. Use of mixed salts or NaCl is recommended over non-ionic osmotica. Developments in infrared thermography provide new and feasible screening methods for detecting genetic variation in the stomatal response to water deficit in controlled environments and in the field.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-1974
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 09-2002
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-10-1999
Abstract: Changes in canopy structure parameters (leaflet orientation, leaflet inclination and leaf area index) were measured in crops of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the field as the canopy developed between July and October. These changes were compared with the corresponding changes in seasonal light transmission. The beans showed clear heliotropic behaviour, with preferential orientation of leaflets towards the sun's beam, especially on sunny days. Nevertheless a significant proportion of the leaves pointed in other directions, with as much as 20% oriented towards the north. The highest proportion of leaf inclinations was in the range 30-40 degrees on cloudy days and between 40 degrees and 50 degrees on sunny days. Two methods were compared for assessing changes in light transmission: (a) the use of a Sunfleck Ceptometer and (b) the use of continuous records obtained with sensors installed in the canopy. Over the growth period studied, the total of the leaf plus stem area indices (L(S)) increased from 0.26 to 5.2 with the transmission coefficient (tau) for photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), obtained using the Ceptometer, correspondingly decreasing from 0.72 to 0.05, and the canopy extinction coefficient decreasing from 1.4 to 0.62. The continuous records of light transmission gave generally similar estimates of tau. Some contrasting leaf angle distribution functions were compared for estimation of L(S) from the light measurements. The best leaf angle function to predict L(S) from the observed light transmission was a conical function corrected by the degree of heliotropism.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-07-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1985
DOI: 10.1007/BF00392216
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 27-09-2011
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-10-2014
Abstract: The practice of adolescent marriage continues in communities throughout Bangladesh, with adolescent childbearing a common result. This early childbearing is associated with increased medical risks for both mothers and their newborns. Because of the need to understand the persistence of these behaviors in spite of the risks, various qualitative research methods were used to identify and better understand the various socio cultural factors perpetuating the practices of early marriage and childbirth. Delaying the first birth after marriage can cause rumors of infertility, bring shame on the family, and in some cases lead the husband's family to seek another wife for their son. In addition, social stigma for childless women, emigration of husbands, and the belief that using modern contraceptives prior to the birth of the first child results in infertility also inhibits couples from delaying their first pregnancy. Future efforts to promote delay in marriage and subsequent early childbearing should focus on allaying the fears of infertility related to delay in childbearing or secondary to contraceptive use, both for newly married couples and household decision-makers such as mothers-in-law.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-1973
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3356-3_17
Abstract: Canopy temperature, a surrogate for stomatal conductance, is shown to be a good indicator of plant water status and a potential tool for phenotyping and irrigation scheduling. Measurement of stomatal conductance and leaf temperature has traditionally been done by using porometers or gas exchange analyzers and fine-wire thermocouples attached to the leaves, which are labor intensive and point measurements. The advent of remote or proximal thermal sensing technologies has provided the potential for scaling up to leaves, plants, and canopies. Thermal cameras with a temperature resolution of <0.1 K now allow one to study the temperature variation within and between plants. This chapter discusses some applications of infrared thermography for assessing drought and other abiotic and biotic stress and outlines some of the main factors that need to be considered when applying this to the study of leaf or canopy temperature whether in controlled environments or in the field.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-03-2012
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-11-2006
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERL118
Abstract: In all studies of the effects of water deficits on plant functioning there is a need for an accurate and comprehensive definition of treatments and their effects on plant water status. The various measures of water status used in plant and soil science are reviewed and their appropriateness for different purposes such as for studies of mechanistic effects of water deficits on plants, for breeding of drought-tolerant plants, or for management of irrigation systems are reviewed. An important conclusion is that the frequent emphasis on water potential rather than on cell turgor can be shown to be misleading, as can be measurements in the leaf. The disadvantages of the current trend towards the omission of necessary water-status measurements, especially common in more molecular studies, are outlined, and recommendations made for minimal sets of measurements for specific types of experiments.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 30-10-2005
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-11-2014
DOI: 10.1111/NPH.13132
Abstract: Intercropping is a farming practice involving two or more crop species, or genotypes, growing together and coexisting for a time. On the fringes of modern intensive agriculture, intercropping is important in many subsistence or low‐input/resource‐limited agricultural systems. By allowing genuine yield gains without increased inputs, or greater stability of yield with decreased inputs, intercropping could be one route to delivering ‘sustainable intensification’. We discuss how recent knowledge from agronomy, plant physiology and ecology can be combined with the aim of improving intercropping systems. Recent advances in agronomy and plant physiology include better understanding of the mechanisms of interactions between crop genotypes and species – for ex le, enhanced resource availability through niche complementarity. Ecological advances include better understanding of the context‐dependency of interactions, the mechanisms behind disease and pest avoidance, the links between above‐ and below‐ground systems, and the role of microtopographic variation in coexistence. This improved understanding can guide approaches for improving intercropping systems, including breeding crops for intercropping. Although such advances can help to improve intercropping systems, we suggest that other topics also need addressing. These include better assessment of the wider benefits of intercropping in terms of multiple ecosystem services, collaboration with agricultural engineering, and more effective interdisciplinary research.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1979
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-1992
DOI: 10.1017/S0021859600012144
Abstract: Drought is probably the most important factor limiting crop yields worldwide, therefore it is not surprising that there has been continuing interest in the ways in which drought affects crop yield. Efforts have been concentrated in this area in the hope that it would prove possible to use a knowledge of drought physiology to provide a rational basis for the development of rapid methods of breeding drought tolerant cultivars, and also to help in the improvement of crop management for dry conditions. The last five years have seen some important reassessments of the underlying principles and concepts involved in plant response to drought and these will be outlined in this brief review. Some of these important shifts in emphasis have been highlighted by Kramer (1988), Passioura (1988), Schulze el al. (1988) and Boyer (1989), particularly in relation to the question of what measure of water stress is most relevant to plant function. As it is not possible to cover all aspects of drought physiology in a brief review of this nature, we highlight four topics where recent findings may have particular relevance to the improvement of drought tolerance in agricultural crops.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-2001
DOI: 10.1104/PP.010372
Abstract: In situ measurements of alternative respiratory pathway activity are needed to provide insight into the energy efficiency of plant metabolism under various conditions in the field. The only reliable method at present to measure alternative oxidase (AOX) activity is through measurement of changes in δ18O(O2), which to date has only been used in laboratory environments. We have developed a cuvette system to measure partitioning of electrons to AOX that is suitable for off-line use and for field experiments. Plant s les are enclosed in airtight cuvettes and O2 consumption is monitored. Gas s les from the cuvette are stored in evacuated gas containers until measurement of δ18O(O2). We have validated this method using differing plant material to assess AOX activity. Fractionation factors were calculated from δ18O(O2) measurements, which could be measured with an accuracy and precision to 0.1‰ and 0.3‰, respectively. Potential sources of error are discussed and quantified. Our method provides results similar to those obtained with laboratory incubations on-line to a mass spectrometer but greatly increases the potential for adoption of the stable isotope method.
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-2012
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERS264
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/47.5.639
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1980
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/31.2.545
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2007
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-2002
DOI: 10.1093/JEXBOT/53.371.989
Abstract: The advent of saturated molecular maps promised rapid progress towards the improvement of crops for genetically complex traits like drought resistance via analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL). Progress with the identification of QTLs for drought resistance-related traits in rice is summarized here with the emphasis on a mapping population of a cross between drought-resistant varieties Azucena and Bala. Data which have used root morphological traits and indicators of drought avoidance in field-grown plants are reviewed, highlighting problems and uncertainties with the QTL approach. The contribution of root-growth QTLs to drought avoidance appears small in the experiments so far conducted, and the limitations of screening methodologies and the involvement of shoot-related mechanisms of drought resistance are studied. When compared to Azucena, Bala has been observed to have highly sensitive stomata, does not roll its leaves readily, has a greater ability to adjust osmotically, slows growth more rapidly when droughted and has a lower water-use efficiency. It is also a semi-dwarf variety and hence has a different canopy structure. There is a need to clarify the contribution of the shoot to drought resistance from the level of the biochemistry of photosynthesis through stomatal behaviour and leaf anatomy to canopy architecture. Recent advances in studying the physical and biochemical processes related to water use and drought stress offer the opportunity to advance a more holistic understanding of drought resistance. These include the potential use of infrared thermal imaging to study energy balance, integrated and online stable isotope analysis to dissect processes involved in carbon dioxide fixation and water evaporation, and leaf fluorescence to monitor photosynthesis and photochemical quenching. Justification and a strategy for this integrated approach is described, which has relevance to the study of drought resistance in most crops.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1987
DOI: 10.1007/BF00193555
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-09-2014
DOI: 10.1111/PPE.12145
Abstract: Preterm birth leads to an estimated 35% of neonatal deaths worldwide. Our study analyses neonatal mortality risks among preterm births in rural Bangladesh. Trained community health workers (CHW) prospectively collected data between June 2007 and September 2009. Among 32 126 livebirths, 22.3% were preterm (delivered at <37 weeks gestation) and almost half (46.4%) of all neonatal deaths occurred among preterm babies. Preterm babies who were born as the first child {[risk ratio (RR) 1.4 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1, 1.8]} and in the poorest households [RR 1.7 95% CI 1.2, 2.4] were at higher mortality risk. Birth and newborn care preparedness was associated with lower risk of mortality [RR 0.3 95% CI 0.2, 0.4] while preterm infants who had symptoms of infection [RR 5.6 95% CI 4.3, 7.1] or whose mother suffered antenatal complications [RR 1.4 95% CI 1.1, 1.8] were at higher mortality risk. Elimination of excess neonatal deaths caused by preterm would decrease population-level neonatal mortality rate by 31.0% [95% CI 27.60%, 34.5%]. Given that 87% of preterm births and 60% of preterm deaths were in late or moderate preterm infants, and that 87% preterm babies received a visit from CHW within third day of life, a home-based essential care package delivered by CHWs for sick preterm infants, specifically focused on birth preparedness, skin-to-skin care, immediate breast feeding, early recognition of danger signs, and linked through referral to intensive and quality care in health facilities, could be an effective approach in low resource settings.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 19-03-2013
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-1998
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-05-2006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1997
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2003
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERG116
Abstract: The principles of radiation physics for plant ecophysiological studies are outlined with an emphasis on choosing appropriate sensors for specific purposes such as for studies of photosynthesis, UV-B damage or canopy energy balance. Remote sensing, both from the ground and from aircraft or satellites, is increasingly being used as a tool for the study of plant canopies. Therefore, relevant terminology and applications are discussed, including the use of remote sensing for the determination of canopy structural properties and the use of thermal remote sensing for the measurement of canopy temperature, for ex le, in energy balance studies.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 04-1977
DOI: 10.1017/S0021859600034870
Abstract: Barley plants normally produce some tillers which die at an early stage, without bearing an ear. To investigate the proposition that these non-ear-bearing tillers may be wasteful of plant resources, two experiments were made in which the effect of tiller growth on the growth and final size of the main shoot was assessed. In one experiment, tillers were removed at a very early stage when they were a few mm long, or later when they were just emerging from the subtending leaf sheath. In the other experiment the main shoot was removed from the embryo and the size of the coleoptile tiller which grew in its absence was measured. Tiller removal affected the growth and final size of the main shoot. Leaves emerged more quickly on the main shoot of the detillered plants and were bigger and sometimes more in number. The main shoot of the detillered plants was heavier and it bore a greater weight of grain because the ear had more and heavier grains. In the experiments where the main shoot was removed the coleoptile tiller produced more leaves, which emerged more rapidly and it bore more grains than the coleoptile tiller of the intact plants. It is concluded that tillers, during their initiation and early growth, compete with the main shoot for a limited supply of resources, thus reducing the size of the main shoot. As some of the resources of the plant are used to produce tillers which die at an early stage and make no contribution to the final grain yield, it appears that they should be regarded as wasteful and that their production may reduce the final grain yield. The physiology of the initiation, growth and early death of these non-ear-bearing tillers requires further investigation.
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 06-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-11-2015
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1973
DOI: 10.1071/BI9730025
Abstract: The effects of osmotic stresses on photosynthetic 14C02 fixation by cotton leaf slices were investigated. Using mannitol and sodium chloride as ex les of osmotica which entered leaf cells fairly slowly, and ethylene glycol as a rapidly permeating osmoticum, the relative importance of different components of tissue water status in inhibiting carbon fixation was studied.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1973
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 30-09-2011
DOI: 10.1136/ARCHDISCHILD-2011-300591
Abstract: To validate a clinical algorithm for community health workers (CHWs) during routine household surveillance for neonatal illness in rural Bangladesh. Surveillance was conducted in the intervention arm of a trial of newborn interventions. CHWs assessed 7587 neonates on postnatal days 0, 2, 5 and 8 and identified neonates with very severe disease (VSD) using an 11-sign algorithm. A nested prospective study was conducted to validate the algorithm (n=395). Physicians evaluated neonates to determine whether newborns with VSD needed referral. The authors calculated algorithm sensitivity and specificity in identifying (1) neonates needing referral and (2) mortality during the first 10 days of life. The 11-sign algorithm had sensitivity of 50.0% (95% CI 24.7% to 75.3%) and specificity of 98.4% (96.6% to 99.4%) for identifying neonates needing referral-level care. A simplified 6-sign algorithm had sensitivity of 81.3% (54.4% to 96.0%) and specificity of 96.0% (93.6% to 97.8%) for identifying referral need and sensitivity of 58.0% (45.5% to 69.8%) and specificity of 93.2% (92.5% to 93.7%) for screening mortality. Compared to our 6-sign algorithm, the Young Infant Study 7-sign (YIS7) algorithm with minor modifications had similar sensitivity and specificity. Community-based surveillance for neonatal illness by CHWs using a simple 6-sign clinical algorithm is a promising strategy to effectively identify neonates at risk of mortality and needing referral to hospital. The YIS7 algorithm was also validated with high sensitivity and specificity at community level, and is recommended for routine household surveillance for newborn illness. ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT00198627.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 27-10-1989
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1997
Publisher: Society of Agricultural Meteorology of Japan
Date: 2003
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1994
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-01-2014
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 08-1978
DOI: 10.2307/2402615
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 12-12-2013
Abstract: This rigorous yet accessible text introduces the key physical and biochemical processes involved in plant interactions with the aerial environment. It is designed to make the more numerical aspects of the subject accessible to plant and environmental science students, and will also provide a valuable reference source to practitioners and researchers in the field. The third edition of this widely recognised text has been completely revised and updated to take account of key developments in the field. Approximately half of the references are new to this edition and relevant online resources are also incorporated for the first time. The recent proliferation of molecular and genetic research on plants is related to whole plant responses, showing how these new approaches can advance our understanding of the biophysical interactions between plants and the atmosphere. Remote sensing technologies and their applications in the study of plant function are also covered in greater detail.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2001
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 22-12-2006
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERL257
Abstract: Thermal and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging are powerful tools for the study of spatial and temporal heterogeneity of leaf transpiration and photosynthetic performance. The relative advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are discussed. When combined, they can highlight pre-symptomatic responses not yet apparent in visual spectrum images and provide specific signatures for diagnosis of distinct diseases and abiotic stresses. In addition, their use for diagnosis and for selection for stomatal or photosynthetic mutants, these techniques can be applied for stress tolerance screening. For ex le, rapid screening for stomatal responses can be achieved by thermal imaging, while, combined with fluorescence imaging to study photosynthesis, they can potentially be used to derive leaf water use efficiency as a screening parameter. A particular advantage of imaging is that it allows continuous automated monitoring of dynamic spatial variation. Ex les of applications include the study of growth and development of plant lines differing in stress resistance, yield, circadian clock-controlled responses, and the possible interactions between these parameters. In the future, such dual-imaging systems could be extended with complementary techniques such as hyperspectral and blue-green fluorescence imaging. This would result in an increased number of quantified parameters which will increase the power of stress diagnosis and the potential for screening of stress-tolerant genotypes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1986
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1990
DOI: 10.1007/BF00226233
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-04-2007
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERM067
Abstract: The photosynthetic responses to moderately high temperatures (38 degrees C, imposed at 21% or 2% O(2) in air and 1500 mumol m(-2) s(-1)) were compared in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars grown in northern regions of Ukraine and expected to be relatively sensitive to high temperatures ('North' cultivars) and in cultivars grown in southern regions and expected to be relatively heat-tolerant ('South' cultivars). Heating intact leaves in 21% O(2) for 1 h decreased CO(2) assimilation by c. 63% in 'North' cultivars and only c. 32% in 'South' cultivars, with a decrease in PSII activity being observed in only one of the 'North' cultivars. Carboxylation efficiency was decreased by about 2.7-fold in 'North' cultivars with no significant effect in 'South' cultivars. The maximum rates of carboxylation by Rubisco in vivo, V(cmax), estimated from Farquhar's model, increased more than 2-fold in 'South' cultivars and remained unchanged in 'North' cultivars while the maximum rate of RuBP regeneration, J(max), decreased by 53% and 21% in 'North' and 'South' cultivars, respectively. Where the heat treatment was imposed in 2% O(2) this increased (as compared with treatment at 21% O(2)) the inhibitory effect on CO(2) assimilation in tolerant cultivars, but decreased it in sensitive ones. The results suggested that differences in tolerance of moderately high temperatures in wheat relate to the stability of the Rubisco function and to RuBP regeneration activity rather than to the effects on PSII activity or stomatal control.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1979
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/30.5.965
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 2021
Abstract: Field phenomics has been identified as a promising enabling technology to assist plant breeders with the development of improved cultivars for farmers. Yet, despite much investment, there are few ex les demonstrating the application of phenomics within a plant breeding program. We review recent progress in field phenomics and highlight the importance of targeting breeders’ needs, rather than perceived technology needs, through developing and enhancing partnerships between phenomics researchers and plant breeders.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1978
DOI: 10.1038/271610A0
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1983
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-1993
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-11-2003
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-09-2014
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-09-2004
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERH213
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-09-1999
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1987
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 31-07-2014
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 27-10-1989
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1986
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 27-10-1989
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.VACCINE.2010.05.040
Abstract: We piloted a low-cost approach to measure the disease burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hib and Salmonella Typhi by leveraging the existing infrastructure of high performing microbiology laboratories at two large paediatric hospitals in Dhaka Bangladesh, and assessing the hospital utilization of the catchment population of these hospitals for different syndromes. S. Typhi was the most common bacterium identified in culture and accounted for an estimated 211 hospitalizations per 100,000 children <5 years of age per year. Meningitis due to S. pneumoniae was the most common cause of mortality accounting for 8.0 deaths per 100,000 children <5 years of age per year. This low-cost approach can provide data to support vaccine introduction and the health impact of newly introduced vaccines.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-04-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1982
DOI: 10.1007/BF00387906
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1994
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1981
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 30-03-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1991
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-11-2005
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 17-12-2019
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERZ527
Abstract: Drought-stressed plants display reduced stomatal conductance, which results in increased leaf temperature by limiting transpiration. In this study, thermal imaging was used to quantify the differences in canopy temperature under drought in a rice ersity panel consisting of 293 indica accessions. The population was grown under paddy field conditions and drought stress was imposed for 2 weeks at flowering. The canopy temperature of the accessions during stress negatively correlated with grain yield (r= –0.48) and positively with plant height (r=0.56). Temperature values were used to perform a genome-wide association (GWA) analysis using a 45K single nucleotide polynmorphism (SNP) map. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) for canopy temperature under drought was detected on chromosome 3 and fine-mapped using a high-density imputed SNP map. The candidate genes underlying the QTL point towards differences in the regulation of guard cell solute intake for stomatal opening as the possible source of temperature variation. Genetic variation for the significant markers of the QTL was present only within the tall, low-yielding landraces adapted to drought-prone environments. The absence of variation in the shorter genotypes, which showed lower leaf temperature and higher grain yield, suggests that breeding for high grain yield in rice under paddy conditions has reduced genetic variation for stomatal response under drought.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1988
DOI: 10.1007/BF00202380
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: CABI Publishing
Date: 18-12-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-1972
DOI: 10.1104/PP.50.2.283
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 08-1997
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/EA00055
Abstract: The effect of NaCl salinity (0, 85 and 170 mmol/L) during emergence of 25 genotypes of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] was studied under growth chamber conditions. Seed emergence percentage and rate, root:shoot ratio, and biomass per plant were affected by genotype, salinity and genotype salinity interaction this interaction showed that salinity effects differed among genotypes. The criterion used to classify genotypes with respect to their salt tolerance was based on their germination percentages in both 85 and 170 mmol NaCl/L. One genotype was grouped into class ‘A’ (CB27) which had the highest salt tolerance at emergence, and was classified as salt tolerant. Another group consisting of Pace& ntilde o, CB88, CB3, CB5, Tard& oacute n, Cuarente& ntilde o and CB46 was placed into class ‘B’ these genotypes showed total emergence percentages up to 75% in both 85 and 170 mmol NaCl/L. A third group of genotypes was placed into class ‘C’ which had the lowest emergence percentages in both 85 and 170 mmol NaCl/L. It was confirmed that salinity treatments affect the emergence of cowpea, delaying both emergence percentage and rate. We conclude that selection and classification for salt tolerance in cowpea genotypes can be successfully undertaken at early seedling stages, because the same genotypes were classified similarly during the germination stage in previous research.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 30-11-2006
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERL277
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 29-07-1993
Abstract: There is now a substantial body of evidence that shoot growth and physiology of plants rooted in drying soil may be regulated by chemical signals moving from the root to the shoot in the xylem stream. Although some evidence suggests that soil drying can reduce the supply of promoters of leaf growth and stomatal opening, there is now compelling evidence for an enhanced flux of inhibitors in the xylem stream of draughted plants. Some of this inhibitory activity is still to be identified but at least in some plants the bulk of activity can be explained by the enhanced concentration of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). A series of field experiments has now shown that ABA, moving as a signal from the roots to the leaves in the transpiration stream, can provide a measure of the access that the plant has to water in the soil in the rooting zone. We show here how this signal may be a variation in the concentration of ABA arriving at the sites of action in the leaf. The response to such a signal apparently varies as a function of the physiological state of the leaf. The basis of such variation in the sensitivity of response is also discussed. One other interpretation of the field data is that leaves respond to the amount of ABA arriving in the leaf, rather than the concentration. We show some evidence for this contention.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 30-11-2006
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERL153
Abstract: Temperatures of leaves or canopies can be used as indicators of stomatal closure in response to soil water deficit. In 2 years of field experiments with grapevines (Vitis vinifera L., cvs Castelão and Aragonês), it was found that thermal imaging can distinguish between irrigated and non-irrigated canopies, and even between deficit irrigation treatments. Average canopy temperature was inversely correlated with stomatal conductance measured with a porometer. Variation of the distribution of temperatures within canopies was not found to be a reliable indicator of stress. A large degree of variation between images was found in reference 'wet' and 'dry' leaves used in the first year for the calculation of an index proportional to stomatal conductance. In the second year, fully irrigated (FI) (100% Et(c)) and non-irrigated (NI) canopies were used as alternatives to wet and dry leaves. A crop water stress index utilizing these FI and NI 'references', where stressed canopies have the highest values and non-stressed canopies have the lowest values, was found to be a suitable measure for detecting stress. It is suggested that the average temperatures of areas of canopies containing several leaves may be more useful for distinguishing between irrigation treatments than the temperatures of in idual leaves. Average temperatures over several leaves per canopy may be expected to reduce the impact of variation in leaf angles. The results are discussed in relation to the application of thermal imaging to irrigation scheduling and monitoring crop performance.
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 08-1976
DOI: 10.2307/2401807
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2001
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1977
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/28.1.162
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/45.7.931
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 04-1977
DOI: 10.1017/S0021859600034766
Abstract: This paper describes a field study of the variation in leaf water potential (ѱ L ), leaf conductance (g L ) and other aspects of crop water relations in a set of ten spring wheats. The two main soil moisture regimes used were irrigation and drought the latter being imposed by placing rainwater gutters between the crop rows to intercept a proportion of any rainfall. The development of plant stresses, the changes in leaf conductances during the growing season and the relationship between these variables and soil moisture depletion are described. Mean daytime leaf water potentials declined during much of the season even in well irrigated plots. There was also evidence that stomata tended to be most open during the period just prior to anthesis. Data on variation of ѱ L and g L within the crop are also presented and indicate that most evaporation occurs from the flag leaf in the spring wheat canopy. Although genotypic variation was found for the mean values of ѱ L and g L , interactions between variety and water regime were generally non-significant. Although yields were not well correlated with most aspects of crop water relations measured, partly because of the dominance of other factors such as maturity and disease susceptibility, a strong negative correlation was observed between yield and g L for the period 7–14 days before anthesis. Stomatal frequencies were not related to leaf conductances and there was no evidence that the stomatal behaviour adapted to previous drought stress. The growth responses observed, however, could be regarded as adaptations for reducing evaporation. The results are discussed in relation to the breeding of drought tolerant varieties of wheat.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 2015
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1988
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/39.4.401
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-1985
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1987
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 04-1977
DOI: 10.1017/S0021859600034882
Abstract: The effects of several detillering treatments on dry-matter production and grain yield in barley were investigated in a series of pot experiments using two water regimes. When le water was provided, even quite severe reductions in the number of tillers only slightly reduced grain yield in spite of large effects on total shoot dry weight. When all the plants were grown with the same amount of water, however, the plants with few tillers tended to have greater grain yield, higher water use efficiency (in terms of grain yield) and higher harvest index than the plants permitted to tiller freely. This effect was probably related to the greater transpiration rates from the freely tillering plants which led to their suffering a greater degree of water stress than the plants with few tillers. This led to the freely tillering plants having a greater proportion of sterile ears and a lower harvest index. Water stress apparently had no effect on the grain yield of the main shoot or first tiller. It is concluded that genotypes which produce few large tillers having a high rate of survival should be able to achieve relatively high yields in drought conditions without sacrificing yield potential under optimal conditions.
Publisher: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Date: 10-07-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-1989
DOI: 10.1007/BF00027310
Abstract: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is an uncommon form of progressive dementia for which there exists no established treatment. The underlying pathology may be that of either frontotemporal dementia or Alzheimer's disease. Increasing evidence suggests that excess tumor necrosis factor (TNF) may play a central role in Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, excess TNF has been documented in patients with frontotemporal dementia. Excess TNF may therefore represent a therapeutic target in PPA. Etanercept, an anti-TNF fusion protein, binds to TNF, thereby reducing its biologic effect. Emerging evidence suggests that perispinal administration of etanercept may have therapeutic efficacy for Alzheimer's disease. This evidence, in combination, supports a rationale for the use of perispinal etanercept for the treatment of PPA. This report documents rapid improvement in verbal abilities, beginning within 20 minutes of perispinal etanercept, in a patient with severe PPA. With repeated weekly dosing, sustained improvement at 1 month is documented, with a more than 10-point improvement in the patient's abilities to perform activities of daily living as measured by a standardized instrument, the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living inventory. Rapid clinical improvement in PPA following perispinal etanercept administration may be related to TNF's role as a gliotransmitter and modulator of synaptic communication in the brain. These results may provide insight into the basic pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying PPA and related forms of dementia and suggest the existence of novel, rapidly reversible, TNF-mediated pathophysiologic mechanisms in both PPA and Alzheimer's disease. Further study of this therapeutic method is indicated.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-1989
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1998
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-01-2014
DOI: 10.1111/PCE.12264
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1996
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2006
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 18-11-2013
Abstract: Sylhet Division in Bangladesh has the highest proportion of births spaced less than 36 months (46.5%) in Bangladesh. Formative research was conducted on current fertility-related practices in order to explore how to integrate the promotion of healthy fertility practices into a package of maternal and neonatal care interventions. In-depth interviews, focus group discussions and other qualitative methods were utilized with recently delivered women, their families, community health workers and community leaders in Sylhet Division. Mothers of young children generally understood the benefits of both healthy timing and spacing of pregnancies. However, a variety of factors prevent these desired behaviours from becoming actualized, including the roles of women in the provision of children/grandchildren, local understandings of modern contraceptive methods, perceived side effects, lack of communication regarding healthy fertility practices between partners and extended family members, and limited female autonomy. In order to increase families' ability to achieve optimal birth intervals, we propose the promotion and integration of healthy fertility practices into antenatal and newborn care interventions, focusing on providing biomedically correct and culturally appropriate information on modern contraceptive methods to the entire family, while simultaneously encouraging open spousal and family communication patterns regarding timing and spacing of pregnancy.
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 06-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-05-2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.2006.01528.X
Abstract: Most thermal methods for the study of drought responses in plant leaves are based on the calculation of 'stress indices'. This paper proposes and compares three main extensions of these for the direct estimation of absolute values of stomatal conductance to water vapour (gs) using infrared thermography (IRT). All methods use the measured leaf temperature and two environmental variables (air temperature and boundary layer resistance) as input. Additional variables required, depending on the method, are the temperatures of wet and dry reference surfaces, net radiation and relative humidity. The methods were compared using measured gs data from a vineyard in Southern Portugal. The errors in thermal estimates of conductance were of the same order as the measurement errors using a porometer. Observed variability was also compared with theoretical estimates of errors in estimated gs determined on the basis of the errors in the input variables (leaf temperature, boundary layer resistance, net radiation) and the partial derivatives of the energy balance equations used for the gs calculations. The full energy balance approach requires accurate estimates of net radiation absorbed, which may not be readily available in field conditions, so alternatives using reference surfaces are shown to have advantages. A new approach using a dry reference leaf is particularly robust and recommended for those studies where the specific advantages of thermal imagery, including its non-contact nature and its ability to s le large numbers of leaves, are most apparent. Although the results suggest that estimates of the absolute magnitude of gs are somewhat subjective, depending on the skill of the experimenter at selecting evenly exposed leaves, relative treatment differences in conductance are sensitively detected by different experimenters.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 07-05-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1977
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/28.1.192
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1989
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-1995
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/46.SPECIAL_ISSUE.1415
Abstract: Methods for identifying the important processes limiting crop production and especially photosynthesis are discussed with special reference to the use of transgenic plants with altered expression of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco). Recent advances in the use of metabolic control analysis are reviewed and some restrictions in their application to crop improvement are discussed. Metabolic control and other sensitivity approaches are compared with the opportunities offered by ‘elimination’ analyses where the contribution of one component is estimated from the change in assimilation rate when any limitation by that component is removed. It is concluded that although control or sensitivity analyses provide effective tools for describing the importance of component processes, especially when using transgenic approaches to generation of isogenic material, our present limited knowledge of the complex interactions between various metabolic pathways restricts the value of these approaches in guiding breeding effort.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2009
Abstract: Agricultural production is limited by a wide range of abiotic (e.g. drought, waterlogging) and biotic (pests, diseases and weeds) stresses. The impact of these stresses can be minimized by appropriate management actions such as irrigation or chemical pesticide application. However, further optimization requires the ability to diagnose and quantify the different stresses at an early stage. Particularly valuable information of plant stress responses is provided by plant imaging, i.e. non-contact sensing with spatial resolving power: (i) thermal imaging, detecting changes in transpiration rate and (ii) fluorescence imaging monitoring alterations in photosynthesis and other physiological processes. These can be supplemented by conventional video imagery for study of growth. An efficient early warning system would need to discriminate between different stressors. Given the wide range of sensors, and the association of specific plant physiological responses with changes at particular wavelengths, this goal seems within reach. This is based on the organization of the in idual sensor results in a matrix that identifies specific signatures for multiple stress types. In this report, we first review the diagnostic effectiveness of different in idual imaging techniques and then extend this to the multi-sensor stress-identification approach.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-1984
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 24-08-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1986
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1989
DOI: 10.1007/BF00274137
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1071/AR01133
Abstract: The salt tolerance of 25 cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) was studied during early vegetative growth. Salinity treatments were applied by irrigating with a nutrient solution containing 0, 85, and 170 mmol NaCl/L. Seedling survival decreased linearly as salinity increased, but this enabled cowpea genotypes to be ranked for salinity tolerance according to the magnitudes of slopes of regression of survival percentage on salinity. Sodium concentration was higher in roots than in shoots in all genotypes, and increased significantly in both roots and shoots as salinity increased. Chloride concentration in both roots and shoots increased with increasing salinity in all genotypes, and was higher in shoots than in roots at 85 and 170 mmol NaCl/L. In some cases, Ca, Mg, K, and P concentrations were reduced by an increase in salinity, but none of the genotypes appeared to suffer any nutrient deficiency. We observed wide differences in responses to salinity, and our results suggest that during the growth stage studied, 7 of the 25 genotppes tested could be classified as tolerant or relatively tolerant to salinity (Sonorense, CB3, CB27, Cuarenteño, CB46, Paceño, and IT82D-889).
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-07-2014
Publisher: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Date: 06-11-2013
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 13-03-2013
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCT044
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1999
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-1973
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1985
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/FP09123
Abstract: Thermal imaging using infrared (IR) is now an established technology for the study of stomatal responses and for phenotyping plants for differences in stomatal behaviour. This paper outlines the potential applications of IR sensing in drought phenotyping, with particular emphasis on a description of the problems with extrapolation of the technique from the study of single leaves in controlled environments to the study of plant canopies is field plots, with ex les taken from studies on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). Particular problems include the sensitivity of leaf temperature (and potentially the temperature of reference surfaces) to both temporal and spatial variation in absorbed radiation, with leaf temperature varying by as much as 15°C between full sun and deep shade. Ex les of application of the approach to phenotyping in the field and the steps in data analysis are outlined, demonstrating that clear genotypic variation may be detected despite substantial variation in soil moisture status or incident radiation by the use of appropriate normalisation techniques.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1982
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/33.1.67
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1990
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-06-2004
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-02-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-02-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-1987
DOI: 10.1007/BF00394587
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 08-11-2019
DOI: 10.1101/835512
Abstract: Signaling between cancer and nonmalignant (stromal) cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is key to tumorigenesis yet challenging to decipher from tumor transcriptomes. Here, we report an unbiased, data-driven approach to deconvolute bulk tumor transcriptomes and predict crosstalk between ligands and receptors on cancer and stromal cells in the TME of 20 solid tumor types. Our approach recovers known transcriptional hallmarks of cancer and stromal cells and is concordant with single-cell and immunohistochemistry data, underlining its robustness. Pan-cancer analysis reveals previously unrecognized features of cancer-stromal crosstalk. We find that autocrine cancer cell cross-talk varied between tissues but often converged on known cancer signaling pathways. In contrast, many stromal cross-talk interactions were highly conserved across tumor types. Interestingly, the immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1 was overexpressed in stromal rather than cancer cells across all tumor types. Moreover, we predicted and experimentally validated aberrant ligand and receptor expression in cancer cells of basal and luminal breast cancer, respectively. Collectively, our findings validate a data-driven method for tumor transcriptome deconvolution and establishes a new resource for hypothesis generation and downstream functional interrogation of the TME in tumorigenesis and disease progression.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2008
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 02-1979
DOI: 10.1017/S0021859600060524
Abstract: The potential offered for plant breeding programmes by visual scoring techniques for plant water status was investigated in rice and spring wheat. It was found that differing plant morphology could seriously bias visual estimates of leaf water potential, particularly in spring wheat. In spite of this problem, it was found that at least for rice, this type of approach may have potential in future breeding programmes where an estimate of leaf water status is required, such as those for drought tolerance, so long as a high intensity of selection is not necessary.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1980
DOI: 10.1007/BF00018225
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1994
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1973
DOI: 10.1071/BI9731045
Abstract: An existing model for the internal pathways of gas� exchange in anisolateral leaves is extended so as to include the feedback effects that different gas-exchange rates through the two surfaces of a leaf can have on the concentration differences driving the exchange. This "concentration effect" is analysed in detail, and graphs are presented which can be used to estimate the magnitude of error in estimates of the intracellular resistance to CO2 uptake obtained from total leaf gas-exchange data.
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 12-2011
Location: Australia
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Hamlyn Jones.