ORCID Profile
0000-0003-1680-0582
Current Organisation
Deakin University - Melbourne Burwood Campus
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-05-2023
Abstract: We examine the relationship between research and development (R& D) expenditures and the expected impact of diseases in a simple theoretical framework that allows for intellectual property rights (IPR) protection to be strong or weak. In our theoretical model, an agent forms an expectation of the impact of a disease using a publicly available statistic on the (population level) disease burden, such as disability‐adjusted life year. We show that a profit‐maximising firm will exert relatively more R& D effort on diseases with intermediate expected impacts. We also discuss how a weak IPR regime alters the pattern of R& D investment.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: Virtus Interpress
Date: 2012
Abstract: In this paper we have provided the theoretical foundation for a “profit-and-loss sharing contract” as a practicable alternative to corporate bonds. We mathematically demonstrate that the standard pricing model for a straight coupon bond is obtainable as a special case of a profit-and-loss sharing contract valuation model. We also show that the returns to the holder of a profit-and-loss contract, even in the presence of market friction, can be potentially greater than those from a straight corporate bond if there is a substantial default risk premium. Our analysis provides a means of broadening the global market for non-equity capital by offering an alternative to interest-bearing debt which is not socio-religiously acceptable in some cultures and can be of special relevance, for ex le, to many emerging markets in Asia and Middle East
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-03-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-08-2021
DOI: 10.1057/S41599-021-00876-W
Abstract: This study examines the relationship between good governance and pandemic control using month-wise COVID-19 pandemic data within a time window from April to September 2020. The study argues that countries with better governance are more capable of adopting and implementing appropriate policies and that such governments are considered more trustworthy by their people. Combined, these factors enable such countries to better control a pandemic like COVID-19. Using several measures of good governance and two measures of pandemic spread, namely the COVID-19 positive rate and the COVID-19 growth rate, this paper tests its argument econometrically in a s le of 185 countries. The results show the existence of a significant inverse relationship between all measures of good governance, and the COVID-19 positive and growth rates. The significant inverse relationship largely persists even after controlling for continent-fixed effects and a host of geographic, demographic, and socio-economic factors. This indicates the presence of a strong systemic linkage between quality of governance and pandemic control. The findings empirically strengthen the argument of eminent medical historians concerning the importance of effective governmental intervention for epidemic control. The study reveals that the quality of governance is a key factor in a country’s success in pandemic management and encourages further investigation.
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2022
Abstract: Current methods used to measure the muscle strength required to achieve plantar flexion may yield highly variable results depending on the perception of the physician conducting the examination because these tests involve subjective and qualitative evaluation. To describe and evaluate the efficacy of a novel examination technique that can quantitatively measure plantar flexion in L5-S1 disc herniation. A total of 32 patients (average age: 49.4 years, range: 23-78) with L5-S1 disc herniations were included. The patient to be tested stood next to a table on which they could lean with their hands. The leg closer to the table was fully flexed at the knee, and the other foot was brought to maximum plantar flexion on the toes. At this point, a stopwatch was started to measure the time that passed until the muscles fatigued and the heel fell. The differences between the right and left plantar flexion times were noted. In addition, three different physicians graded muscle strength by using the classical "The Medical Research Council of the United Kingdom" method. The time until fatigue in right and left plantar flexion was measured using the proposed method, and each test underwent a video recording. The Yilmaz-Ilbay plantar flexion test yielded the correct classification for all cases. We suggest that the proposed method "Yilmaz-Ilbay plantar flexion test" can serve as a useful, practical, and effective test to detect quantitative evaluation of plantar flexion in L5-S1 herniation.
No related grants have been discovered for Munirul Nabin.