ORCID Profile
0000-0003-1025-6221
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 04-01-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2434170/V1
Abstract: Accurate knowledge of pore and fracture pressures is essential for drilling wells safely with the desired mud weight (MW). Overpressure occurs when the pore pressure is higher than the normal hydrostatic pressure. There is a challenge regarding the pressure studies domain in an oilfield in SW Iran, where lack of geo-mechanical data limits exact mud window calculation. Also, the reservoir generally consists of carbonate rocks and contains no shale interbeds, so mechanical stratigraphy based on Gamma ray could not be applied. This study is to provide safe drilling considering MW to prevent the flow or loss in the vicinity of the new wells in the studied field. In this research the formation pressures and mud window models are determined by combining geostatistical, intelligent, and conditional programming models and compared with real data. The conditional programming was also used to correct small out-of-range data. The highest correlation between the final effective pressure and velocity cube was observed in lower Fahliyan Formation with 0.86 and Ilam with 0.71.The modeled MW difference ranged between 2.5 and 30 PCF. Also, the maximum modeled MW is 150 PCF in the upper Fahliyan Formation. Heavy mud of more than 130 PCF is suggested for drilling the Khalij member and continues to the end of stratigraphy column. Best observed correlation comparing the drilled and modeled MW, especially achieved in the Fahliyan reservoir Formation with more than 100 PCF and the Ilam Formation with 80-100 PCF. Finally, 3D formation pressures is presented and recommended for further safe drillings.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 04-01-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2433770/V1
Abstract: Accurate knowledge of pore and fracture pressures is essential for drilling wells safely with the desired mud weight. By definition, overpressure occurs when the pore pressure is higher than the normal hydrostatic pressure and is associated with specific environmental conditions in a particular part of the earth. This study focuses on the formation pressure studies' domain for an oilfield in SW Iran. It generally consists of carbonate rocks with no shale interbeds except for the Kazhdumi Formation. This study is based on information from 23 wells and the interpretation of seismic data. The effective, pore, and fracture pressure models are determined from combined geostatistical models and compared with fractal models. The highest correlation between the final effective pressure cube and the velocity cube is related to the lower Fahliyan Formation with 86% and Ilam with 71%, which indicates the accuracy of the modeled data with the original data. Based on the final formation pressure cubes, the maximum pore pressure is 10,000 psi in the Gadvan Formation up to the upper Fahliyan Formation, and the maximum fracture pressure is 13,000 psi in the lower Fahliyan up to the Gotnia Formation. Based on the Logratio matrix obtained from the pressure-volume (P-V) fractal model, the maximum overall accuracy (OA) in the dominant limestone intervals is 0.74 at depths of 2000–3000 meters, which is related to the Asmari to Sarvak Formations. Furthermore, it indicates a high correlation of the pore pressure cube model obtained from the combination of sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) and co-kriging models with acoustic impedance inversion (AI) for minimizing the time and cost of drilling in new wells of the studied field.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 04-01-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2434276/V2
Abstract: The analytical signal method and its derivatives can be explicitly calculated and assessed for analyzing and estimating the boundary of geological structures, such as faults or dikes, from potential field anomalies. Gravity field of the east of Qeshm Island and its north coast from Sarkhoun to Litadan in SE Iran has been measured in one-kilometer regular network. The regional anomaly effects are deducted from the Bouguer anomaly, where it can get the residual anomalies which is the considered dataset used in this study. The Bouguer range is 297 to 330 milligals (mGal) applying filters and modeling. It was revealed that there are five negative anomalies caused by salt penetration in the region. Regional anomalies expectedly have a low spatial frequency and long wavelengths, while the residual anomalies associated with shallow sub-surface potentials have high spatial frequencies and short-wave wavelengths. Two different fault trends were observed comparing the artificial model using MATLAB coding, the real one, and the filtered residual anomaly map of the Qeshm region. Also, another fault trend is suggested in the east height of Oman, which is a possible place of salt penetration. Due to the limited dimensions (120 * 100 km) and the information obtained from the existing drillings, the depth of the anomaly resources can be examined up to 8 km. Due to the gravitational condition between the two domes of Qeshm saline and the bridge located in the Hara saline area, it is suggested to be considered as an area for further oil exploration routines.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 07-02-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2434170/V3
Abstract: Accurate knowledge of pore and fracture pressures is essential for drilling wells safely with the desired mud weight (MW). Overpressure occurs when the pore pressure is higher than the normal hydrostatic pressure. There is a challenge regarding the pressure studies domain in an oilfield in SW Iran, where lack of geo-mechanical data limits exact mud window calculation. Also, the reservoir generally consists of carbonate rocks and contains no shale interbeds, so mechanical stratigraphy based on Gamma ray could not be applied. This study is to provide safe drilling considering MW to prevent the flow or loss in the vicinity of the new wells in the studied field. In this research the formation pressures and mud window models are determined by combining geostatistical, intelligent, and conditional programming models and compared with real data. The conditional programming was also used to correct small out-of-range data. The highest correlation between the final effective pressure and velocity cube was observed in lower Fahliyan Formation with 0.86 and Ilam with 0.71.The modeled MW difference ranged between 2.5 and 30 PCF. Also, the maximum modeled MW is 150 PCF in the upper Fahliyan Formation. Heavy mud of more than 130 PCF is suggested for drilling the Khalij member and continues to the end of stratigraphy column. Best observed correlation comparing the drilled and modeled MW, especially achieved in the Fahliyan reservoir Formation with more than 100 PCF and the Ilam Formation with 80-100 PCF. Finally, 3D formation pressures is presented and recommended for further safe drillings.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 04-01-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2434170/V2
Abstract: Accurate knowledge of pore and fracture pressures is essential for drilling wells safely with the desired mud weight (MW). Overpressure occurs when the pore pressure is higher than the normal hydrostatic pressure. There is a challenge regarding the pressure studies domain in an oilfield in SW Iran, where lack of geo-mechanical data limits exact mud window calculation. Also, the reservoir generally consists of carbonate rocks and contains no shale interbeds, so mechanical stratigraphy based on Gamma ray could not be applied. This study is to provide safe drilling considering MW to prevent the flow or loss in the vicinity of the new wells in the studied field. In this research the formation pressures and mud window models are determined by combining geostatistical, intelligent, and conditional programming models and compared with real data. The conditional programming was also used to correct small out-of-range data. The highest correlation between the final effective pressure and velocity cube was observed in lower Fahliyan Formation with 0.86 and Ilam with 0.71.The modeled MW difference ranged between 2.5 and 30 PCF. Also, the maximum modeled MW is 150 PCF in the upper Fahliyan Formation. Heavy mud of more than 130 PCF is suggested for drilling the Khalij member and continues to the end of stratigraphy column. Best observed correlation comparing the drilled and modeled MW, especially achieved in the Fahliyan reservoir Formation with more than 100 PCF and the Ilam Formation with 80-100 PCF. Finally, 3D formation pressures is presented and recommended for further safe drillings.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 04-01-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2434276/V1
Abstract: The analytical signal method and its derivatives can be explicitly calculated and assessed for analyzing and estimating the boundary of geological structures, such as faults or dikes, from potential field anomalies. Gravity field of the east of Qeshm Island and its north coast from Sarkhoun to Litadan in SE Iran has been measured in one-kilometer regular network. The regional anomaly effects are deducted from the Bouguer anomaly, where it can get the residual anomalies which is the considered dataset used in this study. The Bouguer range is 297 to 330 milligals (mGal) applying filters and modeling. It was revealed that there are five negative anomalies caused by salt penetration in the region. Regional anomalies expectedly have a low spatial frequency and long wavelengths, while the residual anomalies associated with shallow sub-surface potentials have high spatial frequencies and short-wave wavelengths. Two different fault trends were observed comparing the artificial model using MATLAB coding, the real one, and the filtered residual anomaly map of the Qeshm region. Also, another fault trend is suggested in the east height of Oman, which is a possible place of salt penetration. Due to the limited dimensions (120 * 100 km) and the information obtained from the existing drillings, the depth of the anomaly resources can be examined up to 8 km. Due to the gravitational condition between the two domes of Qeshm saline and the bridge located in the Hara saline area, it is suggested to be considered as an area for further oil exploration routines.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 04-01-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2433661/V1
Abstract: In seismic methods, pore pressure is estimated by converting seismic velocity into pore pressure and calibrating it with pressure results during the well-testing program. This study has been carried out using post-stack seismic data and sonic and density log data of 6 wells in one of the fields in SW Iran. While an optimum number of attributes is selected, the General regression (GRNN) provides higher accuracy than Back Propagation (BPNN) at the initial prediction stages. Suitable attributes for estimating compressional velocity (Vp) and density from seismic data are extracted by the Emerge module of HRS.8 software. Acoustic impedance (AI) is the most applicable seismic attribute used as root and reverses AI for estimating P-wave and density. Using a set of attributes can train the system to estimate the property. The correlation coefficient of actual and predicted P-wave using an AI seismic attribute has been calculated as 0.74 and the multi-attribute technique as 0.79. Also, density and three attributes reach from 0.57 to 0.60, which shows a better relationship between seismic attributes and density. After determining optimum layers with the principal components analysis (PCA), formation pressure was modeled with the feed forward-backpropagation (FFBP-ANN) method. Correlation between 0.2 and 0.3 is suitable for generating a neural network layer, and values below 0.2 have a low correlation. Five information layers, including gamma, Vp, AI, density, and overburden pressure, have the most linear convergence with the initial pressure model and are used to modify the ANN model of effective pressure with Petrel 2016 software.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 27-02-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2434276/V3
Abstract: The analytical signal method and its derivatives can be explicitly calculated and assessed for analyzing and estimating the boundary of geological structures, such as faults or dikes, from potential field anomalies. Gravity field of the east of Qeshm Island and its north coast from Sarkhun to Latidan in SE Iran has been measured in one-kilometer regular network. The regional anomaly effects are deducted from the Bouguer anomaly, where it can get the residual anomalies which is the considered dataset used in this study. The Bouguer range is -297 to -330 milligals (mGal) applying filters and modeling. It was revealed that there are five negative anomalies caused by salt penetration in the region. Regional anomalies expectedly have a low spatial frequency and long wavelengths, while the residual anomalies associated with shallow sub-surface potentials have high spatial frequencies and short-wave wavelengths. Two different fault trends were observed comparing the artificial model using MATLAB coding, the real one, and the filtered residual anomaly map of the Qeshm region. Also, another fault trend is suggested in the east height of Oman, which is a possible place of salt penetration. Due to the limited dimensions (120 * 100 km) and the information obtained from the existing drillings, the depth of the anomaly resources can be examined up to 8 km. Due to the gravitational condition between the two domes of Qeshm saline and the bridge located in the Hara saline area, it is suggested to be considered as an area for further oil exploration routines.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 09-01-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2433661/V3
Abstract: In seismic methods, pore pressure is estimated by converting seismic velocity into pore pressure and calibrating it with pressure results during the well-testing program. This study has been carried out using post-stack seismic data and sonic and density log data of 6 wells in one of the fields in SW Iran. While an optimum number of attributes is selected, the General regression (GRNN) provides higher accuracy than Back Propagation (BPNN) at the initial prediction stages. Suitable attributes for estimating compressional velocity (Vp) and density from seismic data are extracted by the Emerge module of HRS.8 software. Acoustic impedance (AI) is the most applicable seismic attribute used as root and reverses AI for estimating P-wave and density. Using a set of attributes can train the system to estimate the property. The correlation coefficient of actual and predicted P-wave using an AI seismic attribute has been calculated as 0.74 and the multi-attribute technique as 0.79. Also, density and three attributes reach from 0.57 to 0.60, which shows a better relationship between seismic attributes and density. After determining optimum layers with the principal components analysis (PCA), formation pressure was modeled with the feed forward-backpropagation (FFBP-ANN) method. Correlation between 0.2 and 0.3 is suitable for generating a neural network layer, and values below 0.2 have a low correlation. Five information layers, including gamma, Vp, AI, density, and overburden pressure, have the most linear convergence with the initial pressure model and are used to modify the ANN model of effective pressure with Petrel 2016 software.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 04-01-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2433661/V2
Abstract: In seismic methods, pore pressure is estimated by converting seismic velocity into pore pressure and calibrating it with pressure results during the well-testing program. This study has been carried out using post-stack seismic data and sonic and density log data of 6 wells in one of the fields in SW Iran. While an optimum number of attributes is selected, the General regression (GRNN) provides higher accuracy than Back Propagation (BPNN) at the initial prediction stages. Suitable attributes for estimating compressional velocity (Vp) and density from seismic data are extracted by the Emerge module of HRS.8 software. Acoustic impedance (AI) is the most applicable seismic attribute used as root and reverses AI for estimating P-wave and density. Using a set of attributes can train the system to estimate the property. The correlation coefficient of actual and predicted P-wave using an AI seismic attribute has been calculated as 0.74 and the multi-attribute technique as 0.79. Also, density and three attributes reach from 0.57 to 0.60, which shows a better relationship between seismic attributes and density. After determining optimum layers with the principal components analysis (PCA), formation pressure was modeled with the feed forward-backpropagation (FFBP-ANN) method. Correlation between 0.2 and 0.3 is suitable for generating a neural network layer, and values below 0.2 have a low correlation. Five information layers, including gamma, Vp, AI, density, and overburden pressure, have the most linear convergence with the initial pressure model and are used to modify the ANN model of effective pressure with Petrel 2016 software.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 06-02-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2433661/V5
Abstract: In seismic methods, pore pressure is estimated by converting seismic velocity into pore pressure and calibrating it with pressure results during the well-testing program. This study has been carried out using post-stack seismic data and sonic and density log data of 6 wells in one of the fields in SW Iran. While an optimum number of attributes is selected, the General regression (GRNN) provides higher accuracy than Back Propagation (BPNN) at the initial prediction stages. However, Acoustic Impedance (AI) is the most applicable seismic attribute used as root and reverses AI for estimating P-wave and density. Using a set of attributes can train the system to estimate the property. The correlation coefficient of actual and predicted P-wave using an AI seismic attribute has been calculated as 0.74 and the multi-attribute technique as 0.79. Also, density and three attributes reach from 0.57 to 0.60, which shows a better relationship between seismic attributes and density. After determining optimum layers with the principal components analysis (PCA), formation pressure was modeled with the feed forward-backpropagation (FFBP-ANN) method. Five information layers, including gamma, Vp, AI, density, and overburden pressure, have the most linear convergence with the initial pressure model and are used to modify the ANN model of effective pressure.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 22-08-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-3279852/V1
Abstract: Seismic velocity is considered the best attribute related to formation pressure changes. Integrating seismic attributes and well-logging data through seismic inversion predicts the reservoir characteristics across the field with the highest accuracy. This study especially presents seismic velocity for the whole south Azadegan Field in SW Iran for carbonate formations. The considered dataset includes 3D seismic data, vertical seismic profiling (VSP), logging data of 23 wells, and geological information. Here, we estimated the interval velocity using post-stack migration velocity, seismic inversion, and the relationship between the acoustic impedance (AI) model and the sonic log to predict formation pressure. As a result, the correlation coefficient of 0.71 and a high inversion accuracy (8.76% relative error) is concluded. The actual and predicted P-wave (Vp) correlation coefficient is calculated as 0.74 and all sevens as 0.79 using an AI seismic attribute. Thus, the estimated Vp agrees with the original well-log values. Inverted AI cubes in the deeper formations of the field are about 8000-15000 [(m/s)*(g/cm 3 )], which could be referred to as calcareous formations. The correlation of the Vp cube resulting from the Sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) considering co-kriging with the AI, with the initial velocity cube using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method being 0.54 is more than the same method applied with interval migration velocity trend in co-kriging. The anisotropy of the final Vp cube for the vertical variogram range is 96m, and for major and minor directions is 11850 m.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 18-01-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2433661/V4
Abstract: In seismic methods, pore pressure is estimated by converting seismic velocity into pore pressure and calibrating it with pressure results during the well-testing program. This study has been carried out using post-stack seismic data and sonic and density log data of 6 wells in one of the fields in SW Iran. While an optimum number of attributes is selected, the General regression (GRNN) provides higher accuracy than Back Propagation (BPNN) at the initial prediction stages. However, Acoustic Impedance (AI) is the most applicable seismic attribute used as root and reverses AI for estimating P-wave and density. Using a set of attributes can train the system to estimate the property. The correlation coefficient of actual and predicted P-wave using an AI seismic attribute has been calculated as 0.74 and the multi-attribute technique as 0.79. Also, density and three attributes reach from 0.57 to 0.60, which shows a better relationship between seismic attributes and density. After determining optimum layers with the principal components analysis (PCA), formation pressure was modeled with the feed forward-backpropagation (FFBP-ANN) method. Five information layers, including gamma, Vp, AI, density, and overburden pressure, have the most linear convergence with the initial pressure model and are used to modify the ANN model of effective pressure.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 07-02-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2434252/V2
Abstract: Noise cancelation is the process done to remove out-of-range anomalies and make better edge boundaries interpretation. One of the most challenging issues in describing gravitational maps is separating the anomalies related to shallow sources from the deep ones. Furthermore, Existing noises can make it arduous to separate shallow blurred boundaries. In this study in SE Iran, gravitational surveying was carried out in shallow areas from the west of Qeshm to the Hormuz islands in a regular network with a distance of one kilometer. The range of gravitational Bouguer was -297 to -330 mGal. Modeling and determining geometrical parameters revealed five negative anomalies from salt penetration. The residual gravity was computed by deducting gravitational effects related to deep sources from measured gravitational data. The hyperbolic tangent function was preferred by comparing the results and employing the tilt angle filter on different gravitational field maps using numerical coding. Correspondingly, estimating the boundary and edge of the subsurface masses will be better than local filters, and anomalies will be highlighted with more intensity. Furthermore, three major fault systems in the Zagros basin were determined as the primary origin of activity and expansion of Hormuz salt. Sensitivity analysis was employed utilizing analytical signals and maps of tilt angle filtering, which both revealed the same satisfying results of -297 to -330 mGal. In this article, the effect of the tilt angle local phase filter on a synthetic model was accomplished through numerical coding. Then the results were analyzed on the gravity data.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 04-01-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2434252/V1
Abstract: One of the most critical issues in describing gravitational maps is separating the anomalies related to shallow sources from the deep ones. In this study, every kilometer of assessing gravity in a very regular network is done from the shallow part of the west of Qeshm Island to Hormoz and its north coast from Sarkhoun to Latidan in SE Iran. The range of gravitational Bouguer changes is from − 297 to-330 miligal (mGal), which after modeling and determining geometrical parameters, It was found that five negative anomalies came from salt penetration in this region. On the Bouguer anomaly maps, profound effects were seen as light and linear, called regional effects. The residual gravity was computed by removing gravitational effects related to deep sources from measured gravitational data. Regional anomalies have a low spatial frequency and long wavelength, while residual anomalies are related to under-surface potentials and have a high spatial frequency and short wavelength. By comparing the result after employing the tilt angle filter on different gravitational field maps during the tilt angle computation, the fundamental part of the hyperbolic tangent function was used instead of using the tangent function. Results of the boundary and edges of the subsurface masses are better than regional filters, so anomalies intensely were highlighted. Therefore, a hyperbolic tilt angle can reduce the sensitivity to existing noises and induction ones. This paper studied the effect of the local phase filter of the gravity tilt angle on the artificial model from coding in MATLAB software.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 28-07-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2433584/V6
Abstract: One of the essential geophysical concerns is the estimation of the physical and geometrical parameters of the reserve (geobody), which is done by exploiting the nonlinear inverse modeling of magnetic data. The present study includes preparing and modeling magnetic data to suggest drilling sites in the Baba Ali Iron ore deposit, NW Iran. The area is covered with 1000 points of geomagnetic reading with an almost 5×10 m 2 regularly spaces grid trending WE. The areal and depth extent of the iron ore geobody was unknown. The Bhattacharyya method by MATLAB software coding was used to minimize the misfit function and re-construct potential field data providing the best fit with measured magnetic data. In this order, the residual calculated anomaly exhibited an excellent two-dimensional conformation with forward modeling. Also, 3D modeling correctly reconstructs properties of the productive resources of anomalies. After preparing full magnetic maps, the magnetic lenses distinguished in four anomalies of surface depths, 20, 50, and deeper than 50 meters for this zone. This magnetite lens for the first zone was estimated based on analytical signal filters applied on the entire magnetic map so that the lens's depth is trivial and almost zero. Due to specific gravity calculated as 4.77 t/m 3 , initial storage capacity is suggested to be about 95,400 tons of magnetite, pyrite, and hematite minerals at most in an area about 6 Km 2 . Finally, to complete the preliminary explorations of the specified area, exploratory drilling is suggested for three points by inverse modeling. Regarding this study as the first try in magnetic reconnaissance step of Iron mineral exploration in the study area, there is no geological constraints available based on drilling evidences. However, the model is well satisfies the surface anomalies considering residual magnetic property.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 24-04-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2433584/V4
Abstract: Geophysical investigations are one of the leading efforts in any exploration project that must be performed ahead of time due to the high excavation expenditures, heavy machinery, and cost reduction. One of the essential geophysical concerns is the estimation of the physical and geometrical parameters of the reserve (geobody), which is done by exploiting the nonlinear inverse modeling of magnetic data. These parameters include depth, volume, shape factor, and type of storage. The present investigation aims to prepare and model magnetic data for proposed drilling sites in the Baba Ali Iron ore deposit in the Hamedan province of Iran. The areal and depth extent of the iron ore geobody was unknown. The Bhattacharyya method by MATLAB software coding was used to minimize the target function and potential field data and create the best fit for the magnetic data. The residual anomaly and model graphs exhibited an excellent two-dimensional conformation in this modeling. Also, 3D modeling correctly reconstructs the properties of the productive resources of anomalies. After preparing full magnetic maps, the magnetic lenses distinguished in four anomalies of surface depths, 20, 50, and deeper than 50 meters for this zone. This magnetite lens for the first zone was estimated based on filters applied on the entire magnetic map so that the lens's depth is trivial and almost zero. Their specific gravity is calculated as 4.77 t/m 3 , and their initial storage capacity is suggested to be about 95,400 tones at most. Finally, to complete the preliminary explorations of the specified area, exploratory drilling is suggested for three points by inverse modeling.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 23-05-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2433584/V5
Abstract: Geophysical investigations are one of the leading efforts in any exploration project that must be performed ahead of time due to the high excavation expenditures, heavy machinery, and cost reduction. One of the essential geophysical concerns is the estimation of the physical and geometrical parameters of the reserve (geobody), which is done by exploiting the nonlinear inverse modeling of magnetic data. These parameters include depth, volume, shape factor, and type of storage. The present investigation aims to prepare and model magnetic data for proposed drilling sites in the Baba Ali Iron ore deposit in the Hamedan province of Iran. The area is covered with 1000 points of geomagnetic reading with an almost 5*10 m regularly spaces grid trending WE. The areal and depth extent of the iron ore geobody was unknown. The Bhattacharyya method by MATLAB software coding was used to minimize the target function and potential field data and create the best fit for the measured and modelled magnetic data. The residual anomaly and model graphs exhibited an excellent two-dimensional conformation in this modeling. Also, 3D modeling correctly reconstructs the properties of the productive resources of anomalies. After preparing full magnetic maps, the magnetic lenses distinguished in four anomalies of surface depths, 20, 50, and deeper than 50 meters for this zone. This magnetite lens for the first zone was estimated based on analytical signal filters applied on the entire magnetic map so that the lens's depth is trivial and almost zero. Due to specific gravity calculated as 4.77 t/m 3 , initial storage capacity is suggested to be about 95,400 tons of magnetite, pyrite, and hematite minerals at most in an area about 6 Km 2 . Finally, to complete the preliminary explorations of the specified area, exploratory drilling is suggested for three points by inverse modeling.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 23-05-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2434252/V5
Abstract: Noise cancelation is the process done to remove out-of-range anomalies and make better edge boundaries interpretation. One of the most challenging issues in describing gravitational maps is separating the anomalies related to shallow sources from the deep ones. Furthermore, Existing noise can make it arduous to separate shallow blurred boundaries. In this study in SE Iran, gravitational surveying was carried out in shallow areas from the west of Qeshm to the Hormuz islands in a regular network with a distance of one kilometer. The range of gravitational Bouguer was -297 to -330 mGal. Modeling and determining geometrical parameters revealed five negative anomalies from salt penetration. The residual gravity was computed by deducting gravitational effects related to deep sources from measured gravitational data. Correspondingly, estimating the boundary and edge of the subsurface masses will be better than local filters, and anomalies will be highlighted with more intensity. Furthermore, three major fault systems in the Zagros basin were determined as the primary origin of activity and expansion of Hormuz salt. Sensitivity analysis was employed utilizing analytical signals and maps of tilt angle filtering, which both revealed the same satisfying results of -297 to -330 mGal. In this article, the effect of the tilt angle local phase filter on a synthetic model was accomplished through numerical coding. As a result, Total Horizontal Derivative (THDR) provides location of salt intrusion in Qeshm area whereas the best image of salt intrusion, in terms of feature edge illumination, presented by Analytical signal of residual gravity map.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 04-01-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2433584/V2
Abstract: Geophysical studies are utilized as one of the main steps in exploration that must be performed before exploratory drilling due to the high cost of excavation and its related heavy machinery and reduction of the exploration cost. One of the most critical geophysical issues in estimating the physical and geometric parameters is the store carrying out using the residual magnetic anomaly reduction. These parameters include depth, volume, shape factor, and type of storage. The present geophysical study aims to prepare and model magnetic data for proposed drilling sites in the Baba Ali Iron ore deposit in the Hamedan province of Iran. Inverse modeling is one of the most efficient interpretive methods of potential field data. In this study, the Bhattacharya method in MATLAB software is used to minimize the target function and potential field data to create the best fit for magnetic data. In this modeling, the graphs of the residual anomaly and model showed an excellent conformation two-dimensionally. Also, 3D modeling reconstructs the properties of the productive resources of anomalies correctly. After preparation of total magnetic maps, it was found out that the magnetic lens in four anomalies with surface depths of 20, 50, and 50 meters is estimated for this zone. Their specific gravity was 4.77 t / m 3 , and their initial storage capacity was 95,400 tones at most. Also, exploratory excavation is proposed to complete the preliminary explorations of the specified region by inverse modeling for the three points.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 05-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2434252/V4
Abstract: Noise cancelation is the process done to remove out-of-range anomalies and make better edge boundaries interpretation. One of the most challenging issues in describing gravitational maps is separating the anomalies related to shallow sources from the deep ones. Furthermore, Existing noise can make it arduous to separate shallow blurred boundaries. In this study in SE Iran, gravitational surveying was carried out in shallow areas from the west of Qeshm to the Hormuz islands in a regular network with a distance of one kilometer. The range of gravitational Bouguer was -297 to -330 mGal. Modeling and determining geometrical parameters revealed five negative anomalies from salt penetration. The residual gravity was computed by deducting gravitational effects related to deep sources from measured gravitational data. Correspondingly, estimating the boundary and edge of the subsurface masses will be better than local filters, and anomalies will be highlighted with more intensity. Furthermore, three major fault systems in the Zagros basin were determined as the primary origin of activity and expansion of Hormuz salt. Sensitivity analysis was employed utilizing analytical signals and maps of tilt angle filtering, which both revealed the same satisfying results of -297 to -330 mGal. In this article, the effect of the tilt angle local phase filter on a synthetic model was accomplished through numerical coding. As a result, Total Horizontal Derivative (THDR) provides location of salt intrusion in Qeshm area whereas the best image of salt intrusion, in terms of feature edge illumination, presented by Analytical signal of residual gravity map.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 09-01-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2433584/V3
Abstract: Geophysical studies are utilized as one of the main steps in exploration that must be performed before exploratory drilling due to the high cost of excavation and its related heavy machinery and reduction of the exploration cost. One of the most critical geophysical issues in estimating the physical and geometric parameters is the store carrying out using the residual magnetic anomaly reduction. These parameters include depth, volume, shape factor, and type of storage. The present geophysical study aims to prepare and model magnetic data for proposed drilling sites in the Baba Ali Iron ore deposit in the Hamedan province of Iran. Inverse modeling is one of the most efficient interpretive methods of potential field data. In this study, the Bhattacharya method in MATLAB software is used to minimize the target function and potential field data to create the best fit for magnetic data. In this modeling, the graphs of the residual anomaly and model showed an excellent conformation two-dimensionally. Also, 3D modeling reconstructs the properties of the productive resources of anomalies correctly. After preparation of total magnetic maps, it was found out that the magnetic lens in four anomalies with surface depths of 20, 50, and 50 meters is estimated for this zone. Their specific gravity was 4.77 t / m 3 , and their initial storage capacity was 95,400 tones at most. Also, exploratory excavation is proposed to complete the preliminary explorations of the specified region by inverse modeling for the three points.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 07-03-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2434252/V3
Abstract: Noise cancelation is the process done to remove out-of-range anomalies and make better edge boundaries interpretation. One of the most challenging issues in describing gravitational maps is separating the anomalies related to shallow sources from the deep ones. Furthermore, Existing noise can make it arduous to separate shallow blurred boundaries. In this study in SE Iran, gravitational surveying was carried out in shallow areas from the west of Qeshm to the Hormuz islands in a regular network with a distance of one kilometer. The range of gravitational Bouguer was -297 to -330 mGal. Modeling and determining geometrical parameters revealed five negative anomalies from salt penetration. The residual gravity was computed by deducting gravitational effects related to deep sources from measured gravitational data. The hyperbolic tangent function was preferred by comparing the results and employing the tilt angle filter on different gravitational field maps using numerical coding. Correspondingly, estimating the boundary and edge of the subsurface masses will be better than local filters, and anomalies will be highlighted with more intensity. Furthermore, three major fault systems in the Zagros basin were determined as the primary origin of activity and expansion of Hormuz salt. Sensitivity analysis was employed utilizing analytical signals and maps of tilt angle filtering, which both revealed the same satisfying results of -297 to -330 mGal. In this article, the effect of the tilt angle local phase filter on a synthetic model was accomplished through numerical coding. Then the results were analyzed on the gravity data.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 17-01-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2481655/V1
Abstract: The background Anomaly separation is one of the most essential stages in geochemical explorations. Most geochemical, statistical, and geostatistical works in mining exploration aim to identify better an anomaly based on scientific discussions. In this paper, Integrating the correspondence analysis and fractal method, the results of analysis data for river sediment s ling at the Khusf area in NE Iran have been investigated. Correspondence analysis with 170 data s les and 20 elements was done. According to correspondence analysis, separating one or several elements is the reason for anomalous value in the study area, and separating one or several s les is the reason for the mentioned elements at the mentioned s les. The results of seven s les show the highest concentration relative to the variables Pb, As, and Cd elements. The correspondence analysis results show that the Khusf area at some locations for Pb, Cd, and as elements have been probability anomalous. After the correspondence analysis, the best variogram for the Khusf area using Win_Gslib software was obtained. The obtained variogram and designed network for estimation by the kriging method at the mentioned area was used. Therefore using the fractal method, three statistical sets determined that the third set showed the anomaly for Pb, Cd and As elements nearly. Finally, it is suggested that this region has the potential of essential metals, especially of the above elements, and will carry out geophysical operations on a local identification scale.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 04-01-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2433584/V1
Abstract: Geophysical studies are utilized as one of the main steps in exploration that must be performed before exploratory drilling due to the high cost of excavation and its related heavy machinery and reduction of the exploration cost. One of the most critical geophysical issues in estimating the physical and geometric parameters is the store carrying out using the residual magnetic anomaly reduction. These parameters include depth, volume, shape factor, and type of storage. The present geophysical study aims to prepare and model magnetic data for proposed drilling sites in the Baba Ali Iron ore deposit in the Hamedan province of Iran. Inverse modeling is one of the most efficient interpretive methods of potential field data. In this study, the Bhattacharya method in MATLAB software is used to minimize the target function and potential field data to create the best fit for magnetic data. In this modeling, the graphs of the residual anomaly and model showed an excellent conformation two-dimensionally. Also, 3D modeling reconstructs the properties of the productive resources of anomalies correctly. After preparation of total magnetic maps, it was found out that the magnetic lens in four anomalies with surface depths of 20, 50, and 50 meters is estimated for this zone. Their specific gravity was 4.77 t / m 3 , and their initial storage capacity was 95,400 tones at most. Also, exploratory excavation is proposed to complete the preliminary explorations of the specified region by inverse modeling for the three points.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2481655/V4
Abstract: Most geochemical and geostatistical analysis in mining exploration requires removing regional trends in order to obtain local anomalies. In this paper, stream sediment s les, which collected from Khusf area (NE Iran), was studied based on Concentration-Area (C-A) fractal model as well as correspondence analysis methods to find high-potential areas elements. Correspondence analysis with 170 s les through 20 elements concentration values in each s le was performed. According to correspondence analysis, among one or several elements in the study area, local anomalies were separated which the highest concentration relates to the variables Pb, As, and Cd elements. After the correspondence analysis, the best variogram for the Khusf area was studied. Elemental concentration maps was then produced through estimating the values using kriging method. Therefore, using the fractal method, between three statistical sets of elements, it was concluded that the third set showed the anomaly for Pb, As, and Cd elements with local anomaly values respectively determined as 55, 7.2, and 0.88 ppm. Although Cd element is not genetically related to same source of Pb and As, utilizing integrated approach, Cd anomalies has also been detected in the area as a promising element zone. Finally, it is suggested that this region has the possibility of Basic Metals occurrence and suggests further geophysical operations on a local identification scale.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 26-01-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2481655/V2
Abstract: The background Anomaly separation is one of the essential stages in geochemical explorations. Most geochemical and geostatistical works in mining exploration aim to identify an anomaly better based on scientific discussions. In this paper, Integrating the correspondence analysis and fractal method, the results of analysis data for river sediment s ling at the Khusf area in NE Iran have been investigated. Correspondence analysis with 170 data s les and 20 elements was done. According to correspondence analysis, separating one or several elements is the reason for anomalous value in the study area. Separating one or several s les is the reason for the aimed elements at the studied s les. The results of seven s les show the highest concentration relative to the variables Pb, As, and Cd elements. The correspondence analysis results show that the Khusf area at some locations for Pb, Cd, and as elements have been probability anomalous. After the correspondence analysis, the best variogram for the Khusf area using Win_Gslib software was obtained. The obtained variogram and designed network for estimation by the kriging method at the mentioned area was used. Therefore using the fractal method, three statistical sets determined that the third set showed the anomaly for Pb, Cd and As elements nearly. The separation value, respectively, determined about 55, 7.2, and 0.88 ppm. Finally, it is suggested that this region has the potential of essential metals, especially of the above elements, and will carry out geophysical operations on a local identification scale.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 07-03-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2481655/V3
Abstract: In geochemical exploration, in order to highlight the local anomalies, the background Anomaly separation is required. Most geochemical and geostatistical analysis in mining exploration requires removing regional trends in order to obtain local anomalies. In this paper, Khusf stream sediment was studied based on fractal geometry and correspondence analysis methods. This paper conducted a chemical analysis of fluvial sediments to find high-potential areas of Pb, Cd, and As elements in the Khusf area of South Iran's Khorasan province using fractal anomaly separation technique. Correspondence analysis with 170 s les through 20 elements concentration values in each s le was performed. According to correspondence analysis, among one or several elements in the study area was separated which the highest concentration relative to the variables Pb, As, and Cd elements. The correspondence analysis revealed that in the Khusf area at some locations Pb, Cd, and as elements have been accumulated anomalously. After the correspondence analysis, the best variogram for the Khusf area was obtained. Elemental concentration maps was then produced through estimating the values using kriging method. Therefore using the fractal method, between three statistical sets of elements, it was concluded that the third set showed the anomaly for Pb, Cd, and As elements. Local anomaly values are respectively determined as 55, 7.2, and 0.88 ppm. Finally, it is suggested that this region has the possibility of Basic Metals occurrence and suggests further geophysical operations on a local identification scale.
No related grants have been discovered for Nasser Keshavarz Faraj Khah.