ORCID Profile
0000-0002-3747-5881
Current Organisation
Carnegie Institution for Science
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-05-2018
DOI: 10.1111/TPJ.13915
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 20-06-2017
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERX197
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 28-11-2018
Abstract: Metabolite exchange is fundamental to the viability of the cnidarian–Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis and survival of coral reefs. Coral holobiont tolerance to environmental change might be achieved through changes in Symbiodiniaceae species composition, but differences in the metabolites supplied by different Symbiodiniaceae species could influence holobiont fitness. Using 13 C stable-isotope labelling coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, we characterized newly fixed carbon fate in the model cnidarian Exaiptasia pallida (Aiptasia) when experimentally colonized with either native Breviolum minutum or non-native Durusdinium trenchii . Relative to anemones containing B. minutum , D. trenchii -colonized hosts exhibited a 4.5-fold reduction in 13 C-labelled glucose and reduced abundance and ersity of 13 C-labelled carbohydrates and lipogenesis precursors, indicating symbiont species-specific modifications to carbohydrate availability and lipid storage. Mapping carbon fate also revealed significant alterations to host molecular signalling pathways. In particular, D. trenchii- colonized hosts exhibited a 40-fold reduction in 13 C-labelled scyllo -inositol, a potential interpartner signalling molecule in symbiosis specificity. 13 C-labelling also highlighted differential antioxidant- and ammonium-producing pathway activities, suggesting physiological responses to different symbiont species. Such differences in symbiont metabolite contribution and host utilization may limit the proliferation of stress-driven symbioses this contributes valuable information towards future scenarios that select in favour of less-competent symbionts in response to environmental change.
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 31-05-2022
Abstract: Primary endosymbiosis allowed the evolution of complex life on Earth. In this process, a prokaryote was engulfed and retained in the cytoplasm of another microbe, where it developed into a new organelle (mitochondria and plastids). During organelle evolution, genes from the endosymbiont are transferred to the host nuclear genome, where they must become active despite differences in the genetic nature of the “partner” organisms. Here, we show that in the amoeba Paulinella micropora , which harbors a nascent photosynthetic organelle, the “copy-paste” mechanism of retrotransposition allowed domestication of endosymbiont-derived genes in the host nuclear genome. This duplication mechanism is widespread in eukaryotes and may be a major facilitator for host–endosymbiont integration and the evolution of organelles.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-06-2021
DOI: 10.1111/NPH.17478
Abstract: Endosymbiosis is a relationship between two organisms wherein one cell resides inside the other. This affiliation, when stable and beneficial for the ‘host’ cell, can result in massive genetic innovation with the foremost ex les being the evolution of eukaryotic organelles, the mitochondria and plastids. Despite its critical evolutionary role, there is limited knowledge about how endosymbiosis is initially established and how host–endosymbiont biology is integrated. Here, we explore this issue, using as our model the rhizarian amoeba Paulinella , which represents an independent case of primary plastid origin that occurred c . 120 million yr ago. We propose the ‘chassis and engine’ model that provides a theoretical framework for understanding primary plastid endosymbiosis, potentially explaining why it is so rare.
No related grants have been discovered for Arthur Grossman.